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Woolley, Leigh-Ann, Brett P. Murphy, Hayley M. Geyle, Sarah M. Legge, Russell A. Palmer, Chris R. Dickman, Tim S. Doherty, et al. "Introduced cats eating a continental fauna: invertebrate consumption by feral cats (Felis catus) in Australia." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19197.
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Abstract ContextRecent global concern over invertebrate declines has drawn attention to the causes and consequences of this loss of biodiversity. Feral cats, Felis catus, pose a major threat to many vertebrate species in Australia, but their effect on invertebrates has not previously been assessed. AimsThe objectives of our study were to (1) assess the frequency of occurrence (FOO) of invertebrates in feral cat diets across Australia and the environmental and geographic factors associated with this variation, (2) estimate the number of invertebrates consumed by feral cats annually and the spatial variation of this consumption, and (3) interpret the conservation implications of these results. MethodsFrom 87 Australian cat-diet studies, we modelled the factors associated with variation in invertebrate FOO in feral cat-diet samples. We used these modelled relationships to predict the number of invertebrates consumed by feral cats in largely natural and highly modified environments. Key resultsIn largely natural environments, the mean invertebrate FOO in feral cat dietary samples was 39% (95% CI: 31–43.5%), with Orthoptera being the most frequently recorded order, at 30.3% (95% CI: 21.2–38.3%). The highest invertebrate FOO occurred in lower-rainfall areas with a lower mean annual temperature, and in areas of greater tree cover. Mean annual invertebrate consumption by feral cats in largely natural environments was estimated to be 769 million individuals (95% CI: 422–1763 million) and in modified environments (with mean FOO of 27.8%) 317 million invertebrates year−1, giving a total estimate of 1086 million invertebrates year−1 consumed by feral cats across the continent. ConclusionsThe number of invertebrates consumed by feral cats in Australia is greater than estimates for vertebrate taxa, although the biomass (and, hence, importance for cat diet) of invertebrates taken would be appreciably less. The impact of predation by cats on invertebrates is difficult to assess because of the lack of invertebrate population and distribution estimates, but cats may pose a threat to some large-bodied narrowly restricted invertebrate species. ImplicationsFurther empirical studies of local and continental invertebrate diversity, distribution and population trends are required to adequately contextualise the conservation threat posed by feral cats to invertebrates across Australia.
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JABLONSKI, D. "The Invertebrate Record: Fossil Invertebrates." Science 238, no. 4830 (November 20, 1987): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.238.4830.1153.
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Doyle, Erin, and Marie-Caroline Lefort. "Establishing a comprehensive invertebrate and vegetation inventory of Auckland Zoo, Aotearoa / New Zealand." Perspectives in Biodiversity 1, no. 1 (October 2, 2023): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/pibdiv.001105.
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Invertebrates are major contributors to biodiversity with important roles in ecosystem function but are often overlooked in conservation work in favour of larger, charismatic species. Invertebrates living outside of captive conditions may have the potential to affect zoo activities, and it has been suggested that zoos might contribute to invertebrate conservation programs by providing suitable habitat for these organisms. In this study, a survey of invertebrates living in non-fenced areas of Auckland Zoo was carried out to explore the relationship between the vegetation and invertebrate communities throughout the zoo grounds. A total of 6,133 invertebrate specimens were collected in pitfall traps over a ten-day period in January of 2018. Using morphospecies as surrogates for species, differences in invertebrate community structure in different non-fenced areas were assessed. No significant relationship between native vegetation and native invertebrates was detected.
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Beckett, David C., Thomas P. Aartila, and Andrew C. Miller. "Invertebrate abundance on Potamogeton nodosus: effects of plant surface area and condition." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-045.
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Using the macrophyte Potamogeton nodosus, we investigated variability in abundance of plant-dwelling invertebrates among individual plants. Plants were collected from three Potamogeton beds in Eau Galle Lake, Wisconsin, in June and August 1987. Invertebrate abundance on P. nodosus and the amount of plant surface area were positively correlated in both June and August. In August the amount of leaf damage (plant condition) was another important predictor of invertebrate abundance. Plant surface area and plant condition were responsible for most to almost all of the variability in invertebrate abundance on P. nodosus (R2 = 0.66 in June; R2 = 0.83 in August). The correlation between invertebrate abundance and plant condition in August and the lack of such a correlation in June indicated that plant age, rather than plant condition per se, was a causal mechanism for increased invertebrate abundance. Some plants were heavily colonized by invertebrates; a single plant collected in June held a total of 555 invertebrates, which included 177 chironomid larvae and 143 naidid worms. We estimate that the P. nodosus in a 20 × 60 m Potamogeton bed supported about 33 million invertebrates in June and approximately 30 million invertebrates in August. The use of lake management techniques in which plants are eliminated would therefore markedly reduce invertebrate abundance in the littoral zone, and would, in turn, deny fishes and waterfowl an important and abundant food resource.
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Munsch, Stuart H., Julie S. Barber, Jeffery R. Cordell, Peter M. Kiffney, Beth L. Sanderson, and Jason D. Toft. "Small invertebrates in bivalve-cultivated and unmodified habitats of nearshore ecosystems." Hydrobiologia 848, no. 6 (February 22, 2021): 1249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04520-1.
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AbstractMany nearshore ecosystems are modified by aquaculture, including bivalve culture to produce food and restore extirpated populations. Small invertebrates in nearshore ecosystems support fundamental ecological processes, but the effects of bivalve culture on invertebrates are incompletely understood. Here, we compared invertebrate assemblages from multiple studies of bivalve-cultivated and unmodified nearshore habitats along the US west coast. In general, unmodified eelgrass and nearby off-bottom culture habitats with eelgrass present were inhabited by a greater abundance, richness, and diversity of epibenthic invertebrates than bottom culture and bare (mud, sand) habitats that both lacked eelgrass. Findings of individual studies suggested: minor differences in epibenthic invertebrate assemblages associated with various aquaculture practices; restoring native oysters to mudflats did not detectably alter epibenthic invertebrate abundances; epibenthic invertebrates were more abundant on shell hash introduced to mudflats than unmodified mudflats; and benthic invertebrates were less abundant, rich, and diverse in habitats cultured on bottom by Manila clams. Considering the range of these patterns, there appears to be potential for coastal communities to restore extirpated bivalve populations or develop bivalve culture practices that meet objectives to grow food while maintaining nearshore ecosystems’ fundamental processes supported by robust invertebrate assemblages.
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Foth, Justyn R., Jacob N. Straub, and Richard M. Kaminski. "Comparison of Methods for Processing Sweep-Net Samples of Aquatic Invertebrates From Forested Wetlands." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/022012-jfwm-020.
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Abstract Aquatic invertebrate data are useful for assessing wetland community structure, function, and water quality. Although collecting samples of aquatic invertebrates is relatively efficient and economical, processing these samples can be time consumptive and costly. Accordingly, researchers have devised methods to increase processing efficiency and effectiveness. For example, supersaturated solutions of solutes in various aqueous media have been used to separate invertebrates from aquatic media and organic matter. However, no study has evaluated this method for extracting invertebrates from sweep-net samples from flooded bottomland hardwood forests. We compared invertebrate recovery rates from samples processed using 1) tap water (control), 2) a supersaturated solution of sugar and water, and 3) a supersaturated solution of salt and water. We also evaluated a subsampling procedure by comparing taxonomic Order-level richness and Shannon diversity between sub- and whole samples. Numbers and dry biomass of invertebrates recovered were similar among the three aforementioned treatments. Use of supersaturated solutions did not reduce processing time, because invertebrates and leaf litter both floated instead of separating. Thus, we recommend using only tap water in processing sweep-net samples of invertebrates from forested wetlands that contain abundant leaf litter. Overall, we recovered 72.2% (95% CI = 3.0%) of all detected invertebrates and 48.0% (95% CI = 7.5%) of invertebrate biomass. Invertebrates that weighed less than others (e.g., mosquito larvae; Diptera) were more efficiently recovered than were heavier taxa (e.g., snails; Pulmonata). Our subsampling method underestimated Order-level richness and diversity indexes by 12% and 19%, respectively. However, processing subsamples was nearly two times faster than processing whole samples. Our method of using a sieve to subsample invertebrates is appropriate when numerical abundances are desired, because most (70%) invertebrates were detected and recovered.
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Melin, Amanda D., Linda M. Fedigan, Hilary C. Young, and Shoji Kawamura. "Can color vision variation explain sex differences in invertebrate foraging by capuchin monkeys?" Current Zoology 56, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 300–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/56.3.300.
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Abstract Invertebrates are the main source of protein for many small-to-medium sized monkeys. Prey vary in size, mobility, degree of protective covering, and use of the forest, i.e. canopy height, and whether they are exposed or embed themselves in substrates. Sex-differentiation in foraging patterns is well documented for some monkey species and recent studies find that color vision phenotype can also affect invertebrate foraging. Since vision phenotype is polymorphic and sex-linked in most New World monkeys - males have dichromatic vision and females have either dichromatic or trichromatic vision - this raises the possibility that sex differences are linked to visual ecology. We tested predicted sex differences for invertebrate foraging in white-faced capuchins Cebus capucinus and conducted 12 months of study on four free-ranging groups between January 2007 and September 2008. We found both sex and color vision effects. Sex: Males spent more time foraging for invertebrates on the ground. Females spent more time consuming embedded, colonial invertebrates, ate relatively more “soft” sedentary invertebrates, and devoted more of their activity budget to invertebrate foraging. Color Vision: Dichromatic monkeys had a higher capture efficiency of exposed invertebrates and spent less time visually foraging. Trichromats ate relatively more “hard” sedentary invertebrates. We conclude that some variation in invertebrate foraging reflects differences between the sexes that may be due to disparities in size, strength, reproductive demands or niche preferences. However, other intraspecific variation in invertebrate foraging that might be mistakenly attributed to sex differences actually reflects differences in color vision.
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Westwood, Nathan, Mollie Pearson, Erdem Mustafa, and Annette T. Scanlon. "Differences in abundance and diversity of diurnal invertebrates among three Fijian forests, and a comparison of two trapping methods for rapid assessments." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 2 (2018): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18027.
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Apart from some high-profile exceptions (e.g. charismatic long-horned beetles), the ecology and conservation of Fijian invertebrates have received little research attention, and their potential as biodiversity surrogates or indicators is poorly understood. We surveyed diurnal terrestrial invertebrates within three Fijian forest types (lowland, upland, and coastal) using Malaise traps and beating trays to compare invertebrate abundance and diversity among forests. We also evaluated the efficiency of the two trapping methods for rapid invertebrate assessments. Overall, we collected 2584 invertebrates representing 321 morphospecies within 22 arthropod orders. We found significant differences in the abundance and diversity of invertebrates among forest sites for beating-tray samples, but not for Malaise-trap samples. Upland forest had the greatest diversity (Simpsons diversity index, D = 0.98); coastal forest recorded the lowest diversity (D = 0.14), but the greatest abundance of invertebrates. Several orders of invertebrates were relatively abundant across sites and traps (i.e. had high sampling reliability; they included Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera), so could be targeted as surrogates for broader biodiversity sampling. Given the urgency with which baseline data are needed across the South Pacific, invertebrate sampling provides a rapid biodiversity assessment tool, including for working in remote areas with few resources.
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Houston, Wayne A., and Alistair Melzer. "Grazing and tree ‘clearing’ alter grass-associated invertebrate assemblages in an Australian tropical grassy woodland." Rangeland Journal 40, no. 6 (2018): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18062.
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To evaluate the response of invertebrates to ‘clearing’ and grazing pressure impacts, a previously grazed but uncleared grassy woodland in central Queensland was manipulated to provide four grazing pressures (destocked, low, moderate and high) and two tree treatments (with trees, i.e. untreated, and ‘cleared’, i.e. trees and saplings poisoned with herbicides), with two replicates of each, making 16 plots in total. Monitoring was carried out in 1998, approximately four years post-establishment of the treatments. Two types of samples were taken: pitfall for ground-active fauna and suction for grass-associated fauna. Overall, 23 orders of invertebrates were sampled by pitfalls and 22 by suction. Significant effects of grazing on invertebrate assemblages were detected by both methods, but no effects were detected from ‘clearing’. There was a gradation in the invertebrate assemblages from low to high grazing pressure, the invertebrate assemblages in the paddocks with the highest grazing differing most from those in the destocked and low-grazing-pressure paddocks. Notwithstanding the lack of effect of ‘clearing’ at the assemblage level, ground-active invertebrates and some grass-associated invertebrates increased in abundance following ‘clearing’, possibly reflecting an increase in the quality of the resource base. However, ground-active invertebrates and grass-associated invertebrates showed contrasting responses to grazing pressure, the former increasing, possibly reflecting changes in trapability due to the more open vegetation structure at higher grazing pressures. The abundance of grass-associated invertebrates declined by 50–80% with increased grazing – although with complex changes in assemblage structure. Despite those declines, the basic trophic pyramid remained, and, along with that, the potential for recovery of invertebrate assemblages and associated ecosystem services with reduction in grazing intensity. With 80% of Queensland grazed, the reduction in invertebrate abundance has implications for the viability of insectivores, particularly mobile fauna such as birds, at a landscape scale. It is recommended that the utility of using suction samples as a basis for assessing ecosystem functional health be investigated and that grazing pressure be reduced to increase invertebrate assemblages of rangeland pastures and to improve sustainability.
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Alqaragholi, Sura Abdulghani, Wael Kanoua, and Patricia Göbel. "Comparative Investigation of Aquatic Invertebrates in Springs in Münsterland Area (Western Germany)." Water 13, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030359.
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The main aim of this study was to investigate the abundance of invertebrates in groundwater in relation to groundwater conditions (groundwater table, discharge, rainfall, and physio-chemical parameters), and to examine the suitable time for invertebrate sampling in springs. Thus, eight springs in two separate study areas, “Baumberge” and “Schöppinger Berg” (Münsterland area, North-Rhine Westphalia in Germany), were sampled five times (24 h for 2–5 consecutive sampling days) between November 2018 and October 2019. The results showed high spatial and temporal variance. In general, the existence of invertebrates and stygobites increased, whereas invertebrate types decreased with increasing hydraulic head and spring discharge. Therefore, investigating the abundance of invertebrates and invertebrate species is recommended to be done separately. Abundance of invertebrates was affected by different factors in both areas. Spearman correlation test (two-tailed) and factor analyses (n = 80, p ≤ 0.01) highlighted the importance of detritus as the main controlling factor for invertebrate existence and stygobite individuals in Baumberge, whereas dissolved oxygen is essential for their existence in Schöppinger Berg.
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Jegede, Olukayode O., Katherine M. Standen, Steven Siciliano, Eric G. Lamb, and Katherine J. Stewart. "Rocks, lichens, and woody litter influenced the soil invertebrate density in upland tundra heath." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 2, 2023): e0282068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282068.
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Soil invertebrates are an integral part of Arctic ecosystems through their roles in the breakdown of litter, soil formation, and nutrient cycling. However, studies examining soil invertebrates in the Arctic are limited and our understanding of the abiotic and biotic drivers of these invertebrate communities remains understudied. We examined differences in soil invertebrate taxa (mites, collembolans, enchytraeids) among several undisturbed upland tundra heath sites in Nunavut Canada and identified the drivers (vegetation and substrate cover, soil nutrients and pH) of the soil invertebrate community across these sites. Soil invertebrate densities were similar to that of other Arctic studies. While invertebrate communities were relatively consistent between our sites, cover of rocks, woody litter, and the lichen Alectoria nigricans had significant, positive influences on the density of all invertebrates studied. Mites and collembolans were more closely associated with cover of lichens, whereas enchytraeids were more closely associated with woody litter and rocks. Our results suggest that anthropogenic (e.g., resource exploration and extraction) and/or natural (e.g., climate change) disturbances that result in changes to the vegetation community and woody litter inputs will likely impact soil invertebrates and the ecosystem services they provide.
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KRAGTEN, S., W. L. M. TAMIS, E. GERTENAAR, S. M. MIDCAP RAMIRO, R. J. VAN DER POLL, J. WANG, and G. R. DE SNOO. "Abundance of invertebrate prey for birds on organic and conventional arable farms in the Netherlands." Bird Conservation International 21, no. 1 (January 27, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270910000079.
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SummaryAs a result of agricultural intensification, populations of farmland birds have been in steep decline for several decades. Reduction in food abundance has been mentioned as one factor behind these declines. Extensive farm management, such as use of organic methods, is expected to provide more food for birds. In this study we compared invertebrate prey abundance for birds during the breeding season between organic and conventional arable farms. We made comparisons for three different groups of birds: (1) birds feeding on soil-living invertebrates (earthworms), (2) birds feeding on ground-dwelling invertebrates and (3) birds feeding on aerial invertebrates. Invertebrate abundance was compared between organic and conventional farms, crop and non-crop habitats, and between crop and non-crop habitats under the same farm management. On organic sites, earthworm abundance was 2–4 times higher than on conventional sites, but no differences were found between crop types. Total abundance of ground-dwelling invertebrates did not differ between organic and conventional sites, but positive effects were found for several individual taxonomic groups, such as carabid beetles and spiders. On organic farms, invertebrate abundance was higher in carrots, cereals and onions compared to other crops; on conventional farms this was true for onions. When compared with most crops, ground-dwelling invertebrate abundance was low in uncropped field margins and on ditch banks. On organic farms, aerial invertebrate abundance was approximately 70% higher than on conventional farms. On cereal fields, aerial invertebrates were especially abundant.
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Wolmarans, E., H. H. du Preez, C. M. E. de Wet, and S. N. Venter. "Significance of bacteria associated with invertebrates in drinking water distribution networks." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 8 (October 1, 2005): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0255.
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The implication of invertebrates found in drinking water distribution networks to public health is of concern to water utilities. Previous studies have shown that the bacteria associated with the invertebrates could be potentially pathogenic to humans. This study investigated the level and identity of bacteria commonly associated with invertebrates collected from the drinking water treatment systems as well as from the main pipelines leaving the treatment works. On all sampling occasions bacteria were isolated from the invertebrate samples collected. The highest bacterial counts were observed for the samples taken before filtration as was expected. There were, however, indications that optimal removal of invertebrates from water did not always occur. During the investigation, 116 colonies were sampled for further identification. The isolates represent several bacterial genera and species that are pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens of humans. Diarrhoea, meningitis, septicaemia and skin infections are among the diseases associated with these organisms. The estimated number of bacteria that could be associated with a single invertebrate (as based on average invertebrate numbers) could range from 10 to 4000 bacteria per organism. It can, therefore, be concluded that bacteria associated with invertebrates might under the worst case scenario pose a potential health risk to water users. In the light of the above findings it is clear that invertebrates in drinking water should be controlled at levels as low as technically and economically feasible.
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Bohan, D. A., C. Hawes, A. J. Haughton, I. Denholm, G. T. Champion, J. N. Perry, and S. J. Clark. "Statistical models to evaluate invertebrate–plant trophic interactions in arable systems." Bulletin of Entomological Research 97, no. 3 (May 24, 2007): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485307004890.
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AbstractOver the past 40 years there have been marked shifts in arable farmland management that are widely believed to have had a considerable impact on flowering plants and invertebrates and the small mammals and birds that rely upon them. It is not yet possible to predict the dynamics of plants and invertebrates either with past or future changes in farmland management. This study investigates whether a basic invertebrate classification, formed of broad trophic groups, can be used to describe interactions between invertebrates and their resource plants and evaluate management impacts for genetically modified, herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional herbicide management in both spring- and winter-sown oilseed rape. It is argued that the analyses validate trophic-based approaches for describing the dynamics of invertebrates in farmland and that linear models might be used to describe the changes in invertebrate trophic group abundance in farmland when driven by primary producer abundance or biomass and interactions between invertebrates themselves. The analyses indicate that invertebrate dynamics under GMHT management are not unique, but similar to conventional management occurring over different resource ranges, and that dynamics differed considerably between spring- and winter-sown oilseed rape. Thus, herbicide management was of much lower impact on trophic relationships than sowing date. Results indicate that invertebrate dynamics in oilseed rape are regulated by a combination of top-down and bottom-up trophic processes.
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Santamaria, Brianna, Annemieke Verbeken, and Danny Haelewaters. "Mycophagy: A Global Review of Interactions between Invertebrates and Fungi." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020163.
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Fungi are diverse organisms that occupy important niches in natural settings and agricultural settings, acting as decomposers, mutualists, and parasites and pathogens. Interactions between fungi and other organisms, specifically invertebrates, are understudied. Their numbers are also severely underestimated. Invertebrates exist in many of the same spaces as fungi and are known to engage in fungal feeding or mycophagy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, global view of mycophagy in invertebrates to bring attention to areas that need more research, by prospecting the existing literature. Separate searches on the Web of Science were performed using the terms “mycophagy” and “fungivore”. Invertebrate species and corresponding fungal species were extracted from the articles retrieved, whether the research was field- or laboratory-based, and the location of the observation if field-based. Articles were excluded if they did not list at least a genus identification for both the fungi and invertebrates. The search yielded 209 papers covering seven fungal phyla and 19 invertebrate orders. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the most represented fungal phyla whereas Coleoptera and Diptera make up most of the invertebrate observations. Most field-based observations originated from North America and Europe. Research on invertebrate mycophagy is lacking in some important fungal phyla, invertebrate orders, and geographic regions.
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Legzdina, Liva, Voldemars Spungis, Natalija Burnevica, Talis Gaitnieks, and Audrius Menkis. "Invertebrates in Fruitbodies of Heterobasidion spp., Infected Picea abies Logs and Adjacent Soil." Forests 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081100.
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Heterobasidion spp. pathogenic fungi produce conspicuous fruitbodies on infected wood, which may represent a habitat for a range of organisms, including invertebrates. The aim was to: (i) assess and compare invertebrate diversity in Heterobasidion spp. fruitbodies, infected Picea abies wood and adjacent soil; (ii) test methods for collecting invertebrates from Heterobasidion spp. fruitbodies. A total of 69 Heterobasidion fruitbody samples, 46 wood samples and 19 soil samples were collected at two forest sites in Latvia. In total, 7311 invertebrate individuals were collected representing 62 different taxa, among which 55 were in fruitbodies, 47 in wood and 36 in soil. The dominant invertebrates in fruitbodies were Acari (82.4%), Collembola (6.2%), Coleoptera (4.7%); in wood were Acari (78.6%), Collembola (9.6%), Diplopoda (3.1%); in soil were Acari (90.6%), Collembola (3.4%) and Coleoptera (1.4%). Among all taxa, 17.7% were found exclusively in fruitbodies, 3.2% in wood, 4.8% in soil, while 48.4% were shared among different substrates. Although many invertebrate taxa were shared, their relative abundance differed substantially among different substrates. The sampling methods used provided valuable information on invertebrate communities. Further development of these methods may be needed to obtain more detailed and specific information about invertebrates inhabiting different habitats.
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Rader, Russell B. "A functional classification of the drift: traits that influence invertebrate availability to salmonids." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): 1211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-025.
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Twelve categories/traits were used to classify and rank aquatic invertebrates based on their propensity to drift and importance as a food resource for salmonids. Invertebrate availability was based on their (i) propensity to intentionally drift, (ii) likelihood of being accidentally dislodged by the current, (iii) drift distance, (iv) adult drift, (v) benthic exposure, (vi) body size, and (vii) abundance. This study represents the first attempt to characterize the intentional drift propensity of stream invertebrates. A ranking procedure separated invertebrates into Baetis and three groups decreasing in availability. Predicted ranks were significantly correlated with the actual rank of invertebrates in trout guts taken in three separate studies conducted in the central Rocky Mountains, suggesting that this procedure can effectively rank invertebrates based on their availability as a food resource for salmonids. A cluster analysis separated the 95 taxa into four drift guilds and six availability groups. This study provides criteria for determining when alterations in invertebrate community composition will affect food resources for higher trophic levels by causing a decline in the most available taxa. This research also supports previous findings that floods are important in maintaining invertebrates that represent an important food resource for salmonids.
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Liu, Xi, Dongwu Liu, Yangyang Shen, Mujie Huang, Lili Gao, Zonghan Zhang, Baohua Liu, Bosheng Zhao, and Qiuxiang Pang. "Matrix Metalloproteinases in Invertebrates." Protein & Peptide Letters 27, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 1068–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866527666200429110945.
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Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of metal-dependent endopeptidases which contain a series of conserved pro-peptide domains and catalytic domains. MMPs have been widely found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. MMPs are involved in regulating numerous physiological processes, pathological processes, and immune responses. In addition, MMPs play a key role in disease occurrence, including tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases. Compared with invertebrate MMPs, vertebrate MMPs have diverse subtypes and complex functions. Therefore, it is difficult to study the function of MMPs in vertebrates. However, it is relatively easy to study invertebrate MMPs because there are fewer subtypes of MMPs in invertebrates. In the present review, the structure and function of MMPs in invertebrates were summarized, which will provide a theoretical basis for investigating the regulatory mechanism of MMPs in invertebrates.
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Murkin, Henry R., and Bruce D. J. Batt. "THE INTERACTIONS OF VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES IN PEATLANDS AND MARSHES." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 119, S140 (1987): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm119140015-1.
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AbstractThis paper reviews the interactions of vertebrates and invertebrates in peatlands and marshes to assess current knowledge and future research needs. Living organisms may interact through a number of direct trophic and nutrient pathways and a variety of non-trophic, habitat-dependent relationships. Freshwater marshes and peatlands are dynamic aquatic environments and organisms that occupy these areas must be adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. The avian community illustrates the main interactions of invertebrates and vertebrates in peatlands and marshes. Waterfowl, along with fish and furbearers, are the most economically important vertebrates using these habitats. Each of these groups has important trophic and habitat links to the invertebrates within wetlands.The most common interaction between vertebrates and invertebrates is the use of invertebrates as food by vertebrates. Few studies, however, have dealt with trophic dynamics or secondary production within wetlands. Waterfowl, fish, and many other wetland vertebrates, during all or part of their life cycles, regularly feed on invertebrates. Some invertebrates are vectors of disease and parasites to vertebrates. Vertebrates can directly affect the structural substrate that invertebrates depend on as habitat through consumption of macrophytes or through the use of living and dead plant material in the construction of houses and nests. Conversely, herbivorous invertebrates may directly affect the survival and distribution of macrophytes in wetlands. Macrophyte distribution, in turn, is an important factor in determining vertebrate use of wetlands. The general lack of both taxonomic and ecological information on invertebrates in wetlands is the main hindrance to future elucidation of vertebrate–invertebrate interactions in these environments. Development of invertebrate sampling techniques suitable for wetland habitats also is necessary. More specific research needs must be met to develop a better understanding of the structure and function of these dynamic systems.
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Côté, Mathieu, Jean Ferron, and Réjean Gagnon. "Invertebrate predation of postdispersal seeds and juvenile seedlings of black spruce (Picea mariana) in the boreal forest of eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-001.
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We used an extensive vertebrate exclosure experiment to evaluate black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) postdispersal seed and seedling predation by invertebrates in three boreal habitats of Eastern Canada: recent burn, sprucemoss, and lichen woodland. Between 9% and 19% of seeds were eaten by invertebrates. Seed predation was higher in recent burns than in sprucemoss and lichen woodlands. Abundance and diversity of potential invertebrate seed consumers sampled in pitfall traps also varied among habitat types. Among the invertebrate seed consumers sampled, Myrmica spp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Pterostichus adstrictus (Eschscholtz, 1823) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were the most numerous; Formica spp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Pterostichus punctatissimus (Randall, 1838) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) were also present. Between 2% and 12% of juvenile black spruce seedlings were eaten by invertebrates. The most important seedling consumers were slugs (molluscs). Invertebrate predation of seeds and seedlings was highest (19% and 12%) in recent burns, indicating that invertebrate predation may significantly influence black spruce regeneration in these sites.
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Pratomo, Hurip, Adhi Susilo, and Bayu Rosadi. "Invertebrate Diversity in Gastrointestinal Fejervarya cancrivora rice Fields in Ciomas, Bogor Regency." E3S Web of Conferences 483 (2024): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448301007.
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Frogs that live in rice paddy habitats in Indonesia include Fejervarya limnocharis and Fejervarya cancrivora. The species of invertebrate eaten by Fejervarya cancrivora is still little known, so research needs to be done to analyze the species of invertebrate eaten by the frog. Samples of Fejervarya cancrivora frogs were randomly captured at two consecutive nights in the rice fields area of Ciomas sub-district, Bogor Regency and then 20% of the total catch was taken to be anesthetized, the rest was released back to the rice fields. The collection of invertebrates is taken from the gastrointestinal part of the toad. Identification of invertebrate species is carried out on some recognizable body remains of invertebrates. Based on the calculation of the Shannon-Winner Diversity Index, the species of invertebrate found in the female gastro intestinal Fejervarya cancrivora throughout the night has an index value of H* = 0.948, while the invertebrates in the gastrointestinal Fejervarya cancrivora male have an index value of H* = 0.845. Species of invertebrates found in gastrointestinal Fejervarya cancrivora include: Conocephalus longipenis, Panstenon nr. Collaris boucek, Pachydiplossis oryzae, Hydrella philippina, Haplothrips aculeatus, Microvelia douglasi (microvelia), Snellenius (Microplitis) manilae, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis, Oncomelania sp., Chilo supressalis. Euborellia stali (Dohrn), Gonatocerus sp., Dicladispa armigera, Oxyopes javanus, leftover leg crustaceans, Brachymeria lasus, and Nilaparvata lugens.
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Nkem, Johnson N., Lisa Lobry de Bruyn, and Kathleen King. "The Effect of Increasing Topsoil Disturbance on Surface-Active Invertebrate Composition and Abundance under Grazing and Cropping Regimes on Vertisols in North-West New South Wales, Australia." Insects 11, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11040237.
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Agricultural intensification practices involve varying degrees of disturbance to the soil ecosystem. This study evaluated six agricultural management regimes with increasing levels of topsoil disturbance, on the composition and abundance of surface-active invertebrates on Vertisols at a sub-catchment scale. Two grazing (native and introduced pastures), and four cropping (combining short and long fallow, with zero and conventional tillage) management regimes were examined. Surface-active invertebrates were collected seasonally with pitfall traps over 2 years (8 seasons), and identified to order, while ants (Formicidae) that comprised 47% of total invertebrates collected, were identified to genera. Season had a significant effect on ant abundance and number of genera recorded with higher abundance and twice the number of genera in summer than all other seasons. Ants, particularly Iridomyrmex, were mainly active in summer, while other invertebrates especially Coleoptera, were more active in winter. Surface-active invertebrates were 30% more abundant in grazing than cropping land use types. Native pasture, with little surface soil disturbance, recorded the highest number of invertebrates, mainly ants, compared to other agricultural management regimes. Coleoptera and Dermaptera were higher in abundance under conventional tillage compared with those agricultural management regimes that disturb the topsoil less. Optimizing surface-active invertebrate activity on Vertisols for most taxa will require reducing topsoil disturbance. However, the research findings also suggest that the impact of agricultural management regimes on invertebrate activity was difficult to predict with any certainty as the three main ant genera, and most abundant invertebrate collected, did not respond in a consistent manner.
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Gonçalves, José Francisco, Renan de Souza Rezende, Juliana França, and Marcos Callisto. "Invertebrate colonisation during leaf processing of native, exotic and artificial detritus in a tropical stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 5 (2012): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11172.
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The relationship between leaf breakdown and colonisation by invertebrates in tropical aquatic ecosystems is poorly understood, especially in regard to the added problem of the potential effects of exotic species. To assess the colonisation by invertebrates during leaf breakdown in a third-order headwater stream in south-eastern Brazil, we conducted an experiment using the native species Miconia chartacea, the exotic species Eucalyptus grandis and artificial leaves. We hypothesised that the quality of the detritus and the leaf shape influence invertebrate colonisation because of the quality of the food and refuge offered by leaf detritus. Invertebrate density and richness were higher on leaves of E. grandis than on those of M. chartacea. Taxon richness did not differ among M. chartacea and the two sizes of artificial leaves offered, probably as a function of the chemical composition of E. grandis. Total invertebrate density was significantly higher in the organic detritus, suggesting that detritus provides food for the organisms. Our results indicate that the colonisation of invertebrates is probably affected by the chemical composition of detritus. Contrary to expectations, the community of invertebrates had no difficulty in colonising E. grandis, although it is an exotic species. In addition, the shredder activity did not influence leaf breakdown. These results may indicate that the invertebrates in this stream tend to behave as generalist feeders.
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Collett, Nick G., and Alan L. Yen. "An overview of the terrestrial invertebrates in the Victorian north central region." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10019.
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Invertebrates are the dominant faunal group in most terrestrial habitats. They play important roles, often incompletely understood, in maintaining essential ecosystem services. Despite the enormous environmental changes to the North Central Region of Victoria since European settlement, and despite the lack of information about how these changes affected the native invertebrate fauna, it is not too late to include invertebrates in the management and restoration of native habitats in the region. This paper provides an overview of our understanding about terrestrial invertebrates in the region, and provides some suggestions on how to elevate the profile and utility of invertebrates in conservation management.
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Arengo, Felicity, and Guy A. Baldassarre. "Patch Choice and Foraging Behavior of Nonbreeding American Flamingos in Yucatán, Mexico." Condor 104, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.2.452.
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Abstract We studied nonbreeding American Flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) using the Celestún Lagoon, Yucatán, Mexico, to characterize feeding patches and to describe factors influencing patch choice. Four invertebrate taxa (polychaetes, molluscs, chironomids, crustaceans) and two plant foods (seeds of widgeongrass [Ruppia maritima] and tubercles of muskgrass [Chara fibrosa]) comprised 99% of potential food items in 76 patches we sampled. Patches tended to be dominated either by invertebrates or plant foods; only 12% of patches had 50:50 ratios of plant and invertebrate foods. Food was more abundant in invertebrate versus plant-dominated patches (157 vs. 67 items patch−1), but flamingo flock size was smaller in invertebrate-dominated patches (60 vs. 147 birds patch−1). More individuals walk-fed as invertebrates increased in the patch, and more birds stamp-fed as plant foods increased. We argue that groups of foraging flamingos apparently indicate location of food for conspecifics (local enhancement), and may also provide information about patch quality through feeding behavior. Selección de Parches y Comportamiento de Forrajeo en Phoenicopterus ruber ruber en la Época No-Reproductiva en Yucatán, México Resumen. Estudiamos el comportamiento de forrajeo en un grupo de flamencos (Phoenicopterus ruber ruber) durante la época no-reproductiva en la Laguna de Celestún, Yucatán, México, para caracterizar a los parches de forrajeo y describir los factores que influyen en la selección del parche. Cuatro taxa de invertebrados (poliquetos, moluscos, quironómidos y crustáceos) y dos alimentos vegetales (semillas de Ruppia maritima y tubérculos de Chara fibrosa) conformaron el 99% de los elementos alimenticios potenciales para los flamencos en los 76 parches que muestreamos. Los parches tendieron a ser dominados por invertebrados o por alimento vegetal. Sólo el 8% de los parches tuvieron proporciones de 50:50% de invertebrados y alimentos vegetales. El alimento fue más abundante en parches dominados por invertebrados que en los dominados por alimentos vegetales (157 vs. 67 elementos por parche), pero el tamaño del grupo de flamencos fue más pequeño en parches dominados por invertebrados (60 vs. 147 individuos). La cantidad de individuos que se alimentaban caminando aumentó a medida que aumentaban los invertebrados en el parche, y la cantidad de individuos que se alimentaban parados aumentó a medida que aumentaban los alimentos vegetales. Sugerimos que los grupos de flamencos que forrajean aparentemente no sólo indican a los coespecíficos la ubicación del alimento (mejoramiento local), sino que también podrían proveen información sobre la calidad del parche a través del comportamiento de alimentación.
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Chen, Yunru, Tingting Cao, Meiqi Lv, You Fang, Run Liu, Yunchao Luo, Chi Xu, and Xingjun Tian. "Grazing Effects of Soil Fauna on White-Rot Fungi: Biomass, Enzyme Production and Litter Decomposition Ability." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 4 (March 28, 2022): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8040348.
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Soil invertebrates and microorganisms are two major drivers of litter decomposition. Even though the importance of invertebrates and microorganisms in biogeochemical soil cycles and soil food webs has been studied, the effects of invertebrates on fungi are not well understood compared to other organisms. In this work, we investigated the effects of soil invertebrates on fungi as a factor that cannot be ignored in the study of nutrient cycling. The result showed the grazing of isopods on white-rot fungi was transitive and persistent. The grazed fungi appeared “compensatory” growing. The biomass of fungi increased after grazing. The activities of enzymes associated with nutrient cycling were increased under grazing. The zymography images showed the enzyme hotspots and activities also increased significantly in the grazing area. The results suggest that invertebrate grazing can significantly increase the fungal biomass and enzyme activity, accelerating litter decomposition in the unreached grazer area. The grazing effects of invertebrate plays an important role in promoting the nutrient cycling of the forest ecosystem. We believe that this study will be a good reference related to showing the relationship between soil invertebrates, fungi and soil biogeochemical cycles.
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Cyr, Hélène, and John A. Downing. "Empirical Relationships of Phytomacrofaunal Abundance to Plant Biomass and Macrophyte Bed Characteristics." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-120.
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The abundance of phytophilous invertebrates was measured in 13 macrophyte beds and was related, using multiple regression analysis, to the biomass of macrophytes among which the invertebrates were collected, the average plant biomass growing per unit lake area, water and organic matter content of the sediments, total phosphorus concentration in the water, rooting depth of the macrophyte bed, and sampling date. Quantitative analyses are presented for chironomids, cladocerans, cyclopoid copepods, gastropods, water mites (Hydracarina), ostracods, and trichopterans. R2 values for the regression equations ranged from 0.43 to 0.81. The abundance of invertebrates was best related to the biomass of separate plant species, but equations based only on total plant biomass sometimes had equivalent R2 values, in general, the abundance of phytophilous invertebrates was positively related to areal plant biomass, sediment organic matter, and lake trophic status and negatively related to depth. The abundance of phytophilous invertebrates generally rose throughout the sampling season. The sign of the relationship with sediment water content, however, varied among invertebrate taxa. Macrophyte beds with high areal plant biomass, in lakes with high total phosphorus concentration, support the greatest abundance of potential invertebrate food for fish and waterfowl.
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Radecki-Pawlik, Artur, and Tomasz Skalski. "Bankfull discharge determination using the new Invertebrate Bankfull Assessment Method." Journal of Water and Land Development 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2008): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-009-0011-z.
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Bankfull discharge determination using the new Invertebrate Bankfull Assessment MethodAlong the paper the new method called Invertebrate Bankfull Assessment method (IBA method) of determination of bankfull discharge is presented. The investigation of bankfull discharge using IBA were performed within one Polish Carpathian stream in the mountain region: the Ochotnica Stream. As an index of bankfull the existence of certain species of invertebrates was used which are present and resistant to specific water discharge conditions. The borders within a cross section of the mountain stream with a gravel bed were defined where characteristic invertebrates are present which are recognized as bankfull borders. Finally three invertebrates benches (IB-ms) were recognized which are characterized by very specific invertebrate species. Bankfull discharge was calculated up to this IB-ms and corelated using Canonical Correspondence Analysis with other values of bankfull calculated for a cross section using different bankfull.
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Spidsø, Tor K., and Odd H. Stuen. "Food selection by capercaillie chicks in southern Norway." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-041.
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Food selection by capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) chicks was studied using human-imprinted chicks. Invertebrates made up more than 50% of the chicks' diet during the 1st week. Feeding on plants increased to approximately 100% in 7-week-old chicks. Berries of Vaccinium myrtillus made up 85% of the plant material eaten. Berries were eaten once they ripened. Other important plant foods were flowers of Erica tetralix and Melampyrum pratense. Ants (Formicidae) were the most utilized invertebrate food. The observed decrease in the proportion of invertebrates in the diet with increasing age was not a result of decreasing invertebrate abundance. Sweep net samples showed significantly fewer invertebrates when chicks were 1 – 3 weeks old than when chicks were 4 – 6 weeks old.
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Read, JL. "The Initial Response of a Chenopod Shrubland Plant and Invertebrate Community to Two Pulses of Intensive Cattle Grazing." Rangeland Journal 21, no. 2 (1999): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990169.
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The initial effect of two pulses of heavy cattle grazing on chenopod shrubland plants and invertebrates in northern South Australia was assessed in a two year trial. Both plant and invertebrate communities were structured by subhabitats which were defined by edaphic and water-distribution features. The cover of grasses and the dominant shrubs, Atriplex vesicaria and Maireana astrotricha, declined significantly following grazing but only total vegetation cover was significantly lower than controls one year after grazing. Plant species richness was not affected by the grazing pulses. Abundance of ants increased, but the responses of other invertebrates were inconsistent following grazing. Rainfall had a marked effect upon both plant cover and invertebrate abundance. Key words: chenopod shrublands, pulsed cattle grazing, Atriplex vesicaria, invertebrates, bioindicators
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Carpio, A. J., J. Castro–López, J. Guerrero–Casado, L. Ruiz–Aizpurua, J. Vicente, and F. S. Tortosa. "Effect of wild ungulate density on invertebrates in a Mediterranean ecosystem." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 37, no. 2 (December 2014): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2014.37.0115.
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In recent decades, the abundance and distribution of certain big game species, particularly red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa), have increased in south central Spain as a result of hunting management strategies. The high density of these ungulate species may affect the abundance of epigeous invertebrates. We tested the relationships between big game abundance and biodiversity, taxon richness, the biomass of invertebrates and their frequency on nine hunting estates and in comparison to ungulate exclusion areas. Ungulate exclusion itself affected invertebrate richness, since lower values were found in the open plots, whereas the highest differences in invertebrate diversity between fenced and open plots was found in areas with high wild boar density. Where wild boar densities were high, the number of invertebrates decreased, while where they were low, red deer had a positive effect on invertebrate abundance. Fenced plots thus seemed to provide refuge for invertebrates, particularly where wild boar were abundant. This study supports the idea that the structure of fauna communities is damaged by high density populations of ungulates, probably due to decreased food availability owing to overgrazing, modified conditions of ecological microniches and direct predation. However, the effects depended on the group of invertebrates, since saprophytic species could benefit from high ungulate abundance. Our findings reflect the need to control ungulate population density under Mediterranean conditions in south–western Europe and to implement ungulate exclusion plots.
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Baturina, Maria, Olga Kononova, Elena Fefilova, and Olga Loskutova. "The fauna of aquatic invertebrates in the river impacted by wastewaters from the pulp and paper industry (Komi Republic)." Biodiversity Data Journal 9 (November 17, 2021): e75362. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e75362.
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Invertebrates are important elements of aquatic ecosystems and play a crucial role in the transformation of matter and energy in continental water bodies. Communities of aquatic invertebrates are characterised by high sensitivity to pollution by nutrients and toxic substances and acidification of water bodies; they serve as good bioindicators of the quality of the aquatic environment and impacts on hydroecosystems. All hydrobionts participate in the processes of self-purification of water bodies.The presented dataset provides information on the aquatic invertebrate community of a large northern river. During 2018-2020, we collected data on changes in the quantitative indicators of the development of benthic and planktonic communities, as well as the species diversity of their fauna. The dataset combines information about the occurrence and abundance of benthic and planktonic invertebrates and summarises data of aquatic invertebrate species found in the Vychegda River in the zone of influence from the pulp and paper mill.The presented dataset is part of a monitoring programme of the river ecosystems in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC (the European North-East of Russia, Komi Republic). The dataset describes the structure of benthic invertebrate and plankton communities in the Northern Dvina River Basin. The data on the finding and abundance of large taxa of aquatic invertebrates and species of some groups: Oligochaeta, Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera are presented. In total, the resource includes 8720 findings of invertebrates, of which 6041 are for zoobenthos organisms and 2679 for zooplankton organisms.
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Schon, N. L., A. D. Mackay, M. J. Hedley, and M. A. Minor. "Influence of soil faunal communities on nitrogen dynamics in legume-based mesocosms." Soil Research 49, no. 2 (2011): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr10100.
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Soil invertebrates play an important part in nutrient supply. It has been suggested that invertebrates have the greatest influence on nitrogen (N) availability in soils of low N fertility, and therefore invertebrates may be less important in pastoral systems with high N inputs. The influence of invertebrates on N cycling, and the fate of 15N-labelled plant litter, in a low- or high-N environment and in a soil with low or high bulk density were explored by the introduction of different elements of the invertebrate community in constructed soil ryegrass–white clover mesocosms. At high bulk density and low N, the N made available by invertebrates resulted in higher plant growth, without any increases in N losses to the environment. At high N, where pasture growth was not limited by N, the N made available by invertebrates increased both herbage N% and the amount of N in leachate. More of the 15N-labelled plant litter decomposed in high-N than low-N mesocosms. Invertebrates increased the plant uptake of surface-applied 15N plant litter. The influence of invertebrates was dependent on bulk density, suggesting that invertebrates in compacted soils improved soil structure and N availability. This mesocosm study highlights the important role of invertebrates in N supply across a range of soil conditions.
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Halanych, Kenneth M. "Invertebrates; Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach." Systematic Biology 53, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 662–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10635150490472977.
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Weldi, Weldi. "Identifikasi Potensi Materi Ajar Invertebrata Di Area Pantai Kecamatan Serasan Pada Materi Pelajaran Ipa." Bio-Edu: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/jbe.v5i1.492.
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The beach in the Serasan sub-district is one of the beaches that has local potential that is underutilized. Therefore it is necessary to conduct research that is intended to provide information to teachers about the location that can be done outside the classroom learning process. This research uses descriptive qualitative and exploration methods. The technique of collecting data uses observation, collection, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study of the potential of invertebrate animals in the Coastal District of Serasan District consisted of invertebrate animals in the phylum Molluscs, Arthropods, Coelenterata, and Echinoderms. The local potential of Invertebrate animals in the Coastal District of Serasan District is in accordance with the learning objectives of Invertebrate (Animalia) material in class X, namely Determining the General Characteristics of Invertebrate Animals (body lining, body cavity, body symmetry, and replacement); Determine the life cycle of invertebrates; Determine the classification of invertebrates; determine the role of invertebrates (explain the role of animals for life). The local potential of Inveretebrata animals in the Pantai District of Serasan District as a place for the Biology High School learning process.
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Bradbury, Ian R., and Paul V. R. Snelgrove. "Contrasting larval transport in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates: the roles of behaviour and advective processes in determining spatial pattern." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-031.
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Many benthic invertebrates and demersal fish have planktonic larvae and must therefore balance dispersal to new habitat with the need to settle where survival and growth are possible. We review published studies to determine whether the discontinuity in the literature between these groups represents a real ecological difference. Specifically, we examine the roles of biological and physical processes and the scales at which these processes act in pattern formation in fish and invertebrates. For most of the physical mechanisms that influence larval transport at different scales, we find examples of fish and invertebrate studies that are important at each scale. A comparison of planktonic durations suggests that more invertebrate species have highly limited dispersal potential. Comparison of dispersal potential and geographic range suggests that planktonic duration may play a role in defining the geographic range of species in both cases. Fish larvae were generally faster swimmers than invertebrate larvae, suggesting that swimming may contribute to pattern formation at larger spatial scales. In contrast, the documented capacity to delay metamorphosis is more prevalent in invertebrates and may be related to the greater mobility of adult fish relative to invertebrates. Ultimately, similar processes operate in both groups, although sometimes at different scales.
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Ding, Zhangqi, Guorui Xu, Yuxin Zhang, Shuang Zhang, and Keming Ma. "Multi-Scale Altitudinal Patterns of Soil and Litter Invertebrate Communities in a Warm Temperate Deciduous Broadleaf Forest." Forests 14, no. 10 (October 7, 2023): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14102009.
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The diversity and spatial patterns of soil invertebrates are the cornerstones for understanding their ecological functions, which are crucial to maintaining nutrient cycling and soil health in forest ecosystems. Based on a continuous altitudinal gradient (1020–1770 m) composed of 119 plots, this study analyzed the spatial patterns of invertebrate communities in temperate mountain forest litter and soil using multi-scale ordination. The results indicate that along the altitudinal gradient, the invertebrate communities in both litter and soil layers exhibit “patches” at a scale of approximately 33 plots that are mainly composed of Mesostigmata and Apterogasterine oribatid mites. In the litter layer, at the 11-plot scale, an aggregation of Onychiuridae is also formed, while in the soil layer, there are “patches” represented by Diadocidiidae at the 33-plot scale. The positive–negative associations among invertebrate taxa also shift between the litter and soil layers, as well as among “patches”. Our study confirms that the richness of invertebrates in temperate-forest litter is higher and forms multi-scale assembly “patches” despite the higher abundance of invertebrates in the soil layer. Future studies should delve deeper into the aggregation mechanisms of these specific taxa and may require higher sampling densities to reveal the multi-scale spatial patterns of soil invertebrates.
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Tonin, Alan Mosele, Rozane Maria Restello, and Luiz Ubiratan Hepp. "Chemical change of leaves during breakdown affects associated invertebrates in a subtropical stream." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 26, no. 3 (September 2014): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2014000300003.
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AIMS: Our objective was assess the effects of leaf chemical change during breakdown on the associated invertebrates. METHODS: We evaluate the chemical composition of leaves (of two tree species; Sebastiania brasiliensis and Campomanesia xanthocarpa) and the density of invertebrates during leaf breakdown (on four incubation times; 3, 7, 14 and 22 days) in a subtropical stream. Linear multiple regression analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between invertebrate density and changes in leaf chemical during breakdown. RESULTS: Density of invertebrates was related to the chemical composition of leaves. There was a positive correlation of K (β = 3.48) and a negative of C:N (β = -0.34), polyphenols (β = -0.16), Ca (β = -2.98) and Mg (β = -2.58) with the total density of invertebrates. Density of invertebrates on leaves reached 38 ± 9 and 192 ± 31 individuals g-1 leaf DM during the first 3 and 7 days of incubation, had decreased by the 14th day (117 ± 18) and then increased after 22 days (270 ± 41). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that changes in the chemistry of decomposing leaves affect invertebrate colonization process. This conclusion reinforce the importance of understand the dynamic of energy and nutrients and its association with the biological communities of tropical riparian ecosystems.
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Lazić, Cvijeta, Milomir Stefanović, Nataša Kočiš Tubić, Ana Kuzmanović, Dragan Radnović, Dragana Tamindžija, Stanko Milić, Jovica Vasin, Jordana Ninkov, and Mihajla Djan. "Insight into Invertebrate Community in Solonchak Soil Type Using EDNA Metabarcoding – A Pilot Study." Contemporary Agriculture 73, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2024): 200–206. https://doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2024-0024.
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Summary Solonchaks are soils characterized by high concentrations of soluble salts. These soils form unique ecosystems that provide habitats for organisms adapted to such extreme conditions. Invertebrates are one of the groups of organisms that inhabit these soils and play a significant role in ecosystem resilience contributing to soil health and fertility. However, the diversity of invertebrates inhabiting the solonchaks remains underexplored. The development of eDNA metabarcoding method has facilitated the detection of soil invertebrates, overcoming the limitations of conventional labor-intensive and time-consuming methods. eDNA metabarcoding made it possible to study/monitor changes in soil invertebrate diversity. This pilot study employed eDNA metabarcoding to detect soil invertebrates in solonchak soils at two agricultural fields in Vojvodina, Serbia. Furthermore, we compared two analytical methods of eDNA metabarcoding data – clustering and denoising sequences. eDNА metabarcoding method proved to be effective in detection of invertebrates. Using BOLD database, 0.21% OTUs and 0.11% ESVs were successfully assigned to expected Invertebrate phyla (Arthropoda, Annelida and Nematoda), with two specific species identified: Aporrectodea jassyensis and Sminthurinus elegans. Comparison of the two analytical approaches, denoising and clustering, revealed that these approaches identified the same taxonomic categories. However, given the limited sample size, further studies should compare these two approaches using a more extensive dataset to better estimate their usefulness.
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Kul'Bachko, Y., O. Pakhomov, O. Didur, and I. Loza. "Features of forming an invertebrate fauna in technogen environment (Kriviy Rig, Ukraine)." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 70 (October 24, 2016): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/70/1817.
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The features of invertebrate fauna forming in conditions of technogen pressure (Kriviy Rig, Ukraine) were studied. The taxonomic composition, dominance structure and correlation of soil invertebrates’ functional groups in the large industrial enterprises were examined. It had been found that a small thickness of the soil layer as a habitat for ground animals causes the depletion of taxonomic composition, species richness and decrease the total number of soil invertebrates. Gastropoda molluscs in conditions of technogen pressure are the most adapted to stresses group of invertebrates.
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Perkins, Kerry. "Invisible Invertebrates: The Welfare of Invertebrates in Public Aquaria." Animals 13, no. 23 (November 23, 2023): 3620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13233620.
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Awareness of welfare issues within animal collections is increasing as information becomes more accessible for staff and the public. A knowledge gap remains when considering the welfare of invertebrates, particularly when housed in public aquaria. TripAdvisor comments were analyzed for 485 worldwide aquariums. The public focused on anthropogenic features or charismatic organisms within collections. Invertebrate welfare was only presented in 18% of negative welfare comments compared with the 51% of represented vertebrates and 31% of negative general welfare comments. The UK and USA reported a greater number of perceived invertebrate welfare issues. Greater dissemination of information between aquarists and scientists should be encouraged to drive welfare standards and improve husbandry. In addition, incorporating input from invertebrate aquarists while utilizing welfare toolkits are vital for improving overall standards if we are to have greater representation of invertebrate welfare in public aquaria.
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Fujita, D. S., A. M. Takeda, R. Coutinho, and F. C. Fernandes. "Influence of antifouling paint on freshwater invertebrates (Mytilidae, Chironomidae and Naididae): density, richness and composition." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 4 suppl 1 (November 27, 2015): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.05114.
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Abstract We conducted a study about invertebrates on artificial substrates with different antifouling paints in order to answer the following questions 1) is there lower accumulation of organic matter on substrates with antifouling paints, 2) is invertebrate colonization influenced by the release of biocides from antifouling paints, 3) is the colonization of aquatic invertebrates positively influenced by the material accumulated upon the substrate surface and 4) is the assemblage composition of invertebrates similar among the different antifouling paints? To answer these questions, four structures were installed in the Baía River in February 1st, 2007. Each structure was composed of 7 wood boards: 5 boards painted with each type of antifouling paints (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5), one painted only with the primer (Pr) and the other without any paint (Cn). After 365 days, we observed a greater accumulation of organic matter in the substrates with T2 and T3 paint coatings. Limnoperna fortunei was recorded in all tested paints, with higher densities in the control, primer, T2 and T3. The colonization of Chironomidae and Naididae on the substrate was positively influenced by L. fortunei density. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of the invertebrate community provided evidence of the clear distinction of invertebrate assemblages among the paints. Paints T2 and T3 were the most similar to the control and primer. Our results suggest that antifouling paints applied on substrates hinder invertebrate colonization by decreasing the density and richness of invertebrates.
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Dong, Hao Yan, Guang Yi Lu, Xing Yao Zhong, and Xiao Jun Yang. "Winter diet and food selection of the Black-necked CraneGrus nigricollisin Dashanbao, Yunnan, China." PeerJ 4 (April 21, 2016): e1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1968.
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The Black-necked CraneGrus nigricollisis a globally vulnerable species whose food is the factor determining its long-term survival. Understanding dietary habits, food preferences, and related factors will facilitate the development of effective conservation plans for the protection of this vulnerable species. For this purpose, we used video recordings and sampling of food availability to examine the dietary composition and temporal variation in food selection of Black-necked Cranes wintering in the Dashanbao National Nature Reserve, China. The Black-necked Crane’s diet consists primarily of domestic food crops such as grains (74%) and potatoes (8%), in addition to invertebrates (14%). A much smaller proportion of the diet was comprised of turnips and wild herbaceous plants and tubers. There was monthly variation in food selection, partially related to food availability. Grains were most available in November and decreased through the winter, whereas invertebrates were more available in November and February than in December and January. Grain consumption was lowest in November but higher from December through February. Invertebrate consumption was highest in November and February. The cranes preferred to eat grains throughout winter months, while they mainly selected invertebrates in November and February. We suggested invertebrate populations sharply declined in December and January due to the low temperature. In addition, grain consumption was negatively associated with invertebrate availability. In November, when invertebrates were most abundant, and despite a concomitant peak in grain abundance, we suggested cranes exhibited a preference for invertebrates over grains. We recommend that the protection administration provide appropriate supplemental foods for cranes during freezing weather.
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Lewbart, Gregory A., and Trevor T. Zachariah. "Aquatic and Terrestrial Invertebrate Welfare." Animals 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2023): 3375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13213375.
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Invertebrates are a diverse group of animals that make up the majority of the animal kingdom and encompass a wide array of species with varying adaptations and characteristics. Invertebrates are found in nearly all of the world’s habitats, including aquatic, marine, and terrestrial environments. There are many misconceptions about invertebrate sentience, welfare requirements, the need for environmental enrichment, and overall care and husbandry for this amazing group of animals. This review addresses these topics and more for a select group of invertebrates with biomedical, economical, display, and human companionship importance.
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Paoletti, Maurizio G., Linda J. Thomson, and Ary A. Hoffmann. "Using invertebrate bioindicators to assess agricultural sustainability in Australia: proposals and current practices." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 4 (2007): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05288.
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The papers in this special issue, ‘Using Invertebrate Bioindicators to Assess Agricultural Sustainability in Australia: Proposals and Current Practices’, highlight the diversity of invertebrates in agricultural environments and associated environments, and the varied roles they play in agricultural production. The papers demonstrate the various ways that the constitution of the invertebrate fauna can change rapidly in response to environmental inputs such as chemicals and landscape management. Given these factors, invertebrates show enormous potential to be used as indicators of sustainability in agriculture. However, this potential remains to be realised.
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Ferguson, Steven H., and Danielle K. A. Berube. "Invertebrate Diversity under Artificial Cover in Relation to Boreal Forest Habitat Characteristics." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i3.9.
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We investigated invertebrate diversity in boreal forests using an experimental design that consisted of counting soil invertebrates under artificial cover. The aim was to assess the utility of using soil invertebrate diversity as a measure of ecosystem health. The study area was grouped into five habitats: upland hardwood, lowland hardwood, conifer, shrub, and conifergrass. Simpson’s and Shannon’s indices of invertebrate diversity were negatively correlated with percent herbaceous cover. Number of recognizable taxonomic units (RTU richness) was negatively correlated with percent litter cover. The number of individual invertebrates was positively correlated with soil moisture and negatively correlated with percent conifer cover. Invertebrate diversity varied among habitat types, with conifer forests (spruce, fir, pine) having the highest diversity and regenerating conifer-grass forests having the lowest diversity, suggesting that successional stages affect diversity. The most productive sites, upland and lowland hardwood habitats, had the highest abundance of soil invertebrates, although intermediate diversity compared to the other five habitats. The results are consistent with the view that diversity increases and then decreases with productivity and disturbance over succession (ca. 50-100 yr). Hence, maintenance of soil invertebrate diversity in managed boreal forests requires the provision of a varied landscape with a mosaic of disturbance regimes.
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Romero, Nicolas, Robert E. Gresswell, and Judith L. Li. "Changing patterns in coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) diet and prey in a gradient of deciduous canopies." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-099.
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We examined the influence of riparian vegetation patterns on coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki diet and prey from the summer of 2001 through the spring of 2002. Benthic and drifting invertebrates, allochthonous prey, and fish diet were collected from deciduous, conifer, and mixed sections of three Oregon coastal watersheds. The nine sites were best characterized as a continuum of deciduous cover, and shrub cover and proportion of deciduous canopy were positively correlated (r = 0.74). Most sources of prey (benthic invertebrate biomass, allochthonous invertebrate inputs, aquatic and total invertebrate drift) and aquatic prey ingested by coastal cutthroat trout were greater where shrub cover was more abundant. Only aquatic drift, total invertebrate drift, and allochthonous invertebrates were positively correlated with deciduous vegetation. Compared with coniferous sites, allochthonous invertebrates under deciduous and mixed canopies were almost 30% more abundant. Stream discharge likely influenced seasonal fluxes of aquatic invertebrate biomass in the benthos and drift. Aquatic insects dominated gut contents during this study; however, terrestrial prey were most common in the diet during the summer and fall. In the Pacific northwest, systematic removal of deciduous riparian vegetation to promote conifers may have unintended consequences on food resources of coastal cutthroat trout and aquatic food web interactions.
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Rai, Anuradha, Archana Niraula, Payaswini Ghimire, Aastha Pandey, Anu Gurung, Chhatra Mani Sharma, and Smriti Gurung. "Assessment of The Impacts of Trout Farming on Water Quality Using Macro Invertebrates as Bio- Indicators." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 22, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v22i2.19610.
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The study was conducted to assess the impacts of trout farming on water quality using macro invertebrates as bio-indicators. Two trout farms were selected for the study, viz., Gandaki Trout Farm (GTF) in Kaski district and Fall & Trout Fish Farm (FTF) in Nuwakot district. Reference and impacted sites were selected in each trout farms from where macro invertebrates were collected and physico-chemical parameters were measured. Sorensen’s Index and Multiple Site Similarity Index were calculated to compare the macro-invertebrate assemblages between the impact and the reference sites. Water quality classes were also calculated using macro invertebrate-based tool, NEPBIOS/ASPT scores. Altogether 24 families of macro invertebrates were observed at GTF and 12 families at FTF. The Sorensen’s Similarity Index was greater than 0.5 between reference and impacted sites at GTF; whereas it was only 0.28 at FTF indicating comparatively low level of similarity. In addition, Multiple Site Similarity Index (0.64) at GTF also indicated high similarity between the macro invertebrate assemblages. Reference sites showed higher scores with higher diversity of macro invertebrates. Both farms had suitable water quality for trout (dissolved oxygen and temperature) and most of the physico-chemical parameters did not show significant differences except pH and turbidity at GTF probably due to small scale operation and production. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 175-182
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Burrell, Brian D. "Comparative biology of pain: What invertebrates can tell us about how nociception works." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 1461–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00600.2016.
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The inability to adequately treat chronic pain is a worldwide health care crisis. Pain has both an emotional and a sensory component, and this latter component, nociception, refers specifically to the detection of damaging or potentially damaging stimuli. Nociception represents a critical interaction between an animal and its environment and exhibits considerable evolutionary conservation across species. Using comparative approaches to understand the basic biology of nociception could promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat pain, and studies of nociception in invertebrates can provide especially useful insights toward this goal. Both vertebrates and invertebrates exhibit segregated sensory pathways for nociceptive and nonnociceptive information, injury-induced sensitization to nociceptive and nonnociceptive stimuli, and even similar antinociceptive modulatory processes. In a number of invertebrate species, the central nervous system is understood in considerable detail, and it is often possible to record from and/or manipulate single identifiable neurons through either molecular genetic or physiological approaches. Invertebrates also provide an opportunity to study nociception in an ethologically relevant context that can provide novel insights into the nature of how injury-inducing stimuli produce persistent changes in behavior. Despite these advantages, invertebrates have been underutilized in nociception research. In this review, findings from invertebrate nociception studies are summarized, and proposals for how research using invertebrates can address questions about the fundamental mechanisms of nociception are presented.
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TIMPAS, Elfiorena Farrel, Normah AWANG BESAR, Rahman HOMATHEVI, Suzan BENEDICK, and Mohamed Dawood MAHADIMENAKBAR. "Species Evenness and Diversity of Soil Invertebrates at Different Agricultural Lands and a Forest Reserve at Kota Belud, Sabah." Journal of Tropical Biology & Conservation (JTBC) 21 (August 31, 2024): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jtbc.v21i.5389.
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Increasing agricultural activities can lead to changes in soil ecosystems, potentially impacting soil invertebrate communities as they are highly responsive to soil disturbances. The composition of soil invertebrates within each agricultural habitat provides insights into how these communities respond to their environmental conditions. This study aimed to investigate the evenness and diversity of soil invertebrates in agricultural areas of Kota Belud, Sabah. Soil samples were collected from three different agricultural sites, a rubber plantation, an oil palm plantation, and a paddy field, as well as a forest reserve as a control site. Pitfall traps and Berlese-Tullgren funnels were used to collect soil invertebrates. A total of 180 soil samples and 474 individuals of soil invertebrates were collected and analyzed. Physicochemical analyses, including moisture content, soil texture, pH, soil nutrient content, and organic matter, were conducted on all soil samples to assess their influence on the composition of soil invertebrates. Results indicated that Julida, Coleoptera, Gastropoda and Araneae were frequently associated with high organic matter, pH, moisture content and phosphorus. On the other hand, Haplotaxida appeared to be more sensitive to potassium levels. Notably, the Blattodea, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Isopoda, Polydesmida and Diptera, were found to be abundant in areas with lower organic matter and pH in the control site, i.e., forest reserve area. These findings underscore the significance of soil layer activities in influencing the presence and survival of soil invertebrates. Given their vital role in sustaining life, prioritizing the enhancement of soil invertebrate populations is crucial, particularly in Sabah, a prominent food crop-producing state in Malaysia.