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Journal articles on the topic 'Inverter-based linear variable transconductance'
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Kweon, Soon-Jae, Soo-Hwan Shin, Sung-Hun Jo, and Hyung-Joun Yoo. "Reconfigurable High-Order Moving-Average Filter Using Inverter-Based Variable Transconductance Amplifiers." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 61, no. 12 (2014): 942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2014.2362736.
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Tang, Fang, Amine Bermak, Amira Abbes та Mohieddine Amor Benammar. "Continuous-TimeΣΔADC with Implicit Variable Gain Amplifier for CMOS Image Sensor". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/208540.
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This paper presents a column-parallel continuous-time sigma delta (CTSD) ADC for mega-pixel resolution CMOS image sensor (CIS). The sigma delta modulator is implemented with a 2nd order resistor/capacitor-based loop filter. The first integrator uses a conventional operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), for the concern of a high power noise rejection. The second integrator is realized with a single-ended inverter-based amplifier, instead of a standard OTA. As a result, the power consumption is reduced, without sacrificing the noise performance. Moreover, the variable gain amplifier in the traditional column-parallel read-out circuit is merged into the front-end of the CTSD modulator. By programming the input resistance, the amplitude range of the input current can be tuned with 8 scales, which is equivalent to a traditional 2-bit preamplification function without consuming extra power and chip area. The test chip prototype is fabricated using 0.18 μm CMOS process and the measurement result shows an ADC power consumption lower than 63.5 μW under 1.4 V power supply and 50 MHz clock frequency.
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Zhou, Xuesong, Jiayao Wang, and Youjie Ma. "Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter Based on Deviation Control Principle." Energies 13, no. 15 (2020): 3790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153790.
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Photovoltaic grid-connected power generation systems are easily affected by external factors, and their anti-interference performance is poor. For example, changes in illumination and fluctuations in the power grid affect the operation ability of the system. Linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) can extract the “summation disturbance” information from the system and eliminate the disturbance at the fastest speed by controlling the signal before it affects the final output of the system. In this paper, an improved linear ADRC based on the principle of deviation control is proposed, and the voltage outer loop is controlled by an improved LADRC. This improved LADRC takes the deviation between each state variable and its observed value as the regulation basis for each state variable of the linear extended state observer (LESO). Based on the analysis of the bode diagram in the frequency domain, it can be concluded that, compared with the unimproved LADRC, the new LADRC has better disturbance rejection performance. The simulation results show that the control performance of the new, improved LADRC is better than that of the unimproved LADRC under different operating conditions, and it has better stability performance and anti-disturbance performance.
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Komrska, Tomáš, and Tomáš Glasberger. "Pulse Width Modulation of Three Phase Inverters Based on Linear Programming." TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 8, no. 3 (2020): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tee.2019.3.044.
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Traditional three-phase voltage-source inverters supplied by constant dc-link voltage usually utilize the space vector PWM to achieve maximum output voltage. This paper deals with optimization of inverter leg voltages using linear programming method. System definition is based on the relationship between the known voltage vector, which is demanded by an upper control loop and the unknown leg voltages which enter the carrier-based PWM block as modulation signals. A slack variable is introduced to the system as minimization objective, defining border for all leg voltages. Optimization procedure minimizes leg voltage maxima, and thus, the maximum utilization of the dc-link voltage is ensured. The theoretical assumptions have been verified by simulations as well as by experiments on laboratory prototype.
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Behera, Sasmita, and Matruprasad Jyotiranjan. "Comparative Study of Two Different Converters with its Controller for Grid Connected WECS with PMSG." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 8, no. 2 (2019): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2019040101.
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Wind is a source for generating clean and economical electrical energy with a proper harnessing mechanism. For a wind energy conversion system (WECS), maximum power extraction with optimum power quality is required. In this article, the grid power quality is enhanced, using a multilevel inverter which provides smoother and pure sinusoidal waves as compared to two-level inverter by decreasing total harmonic distortion (THD) in WECS with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Also, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is based on an optimal torque controller, employed to extract more power. In this study, a WECS with a PMSG connected to the local linear resistive load and grid is considered for simulation. A multilevel inverter grid interface is controlled by in phase disposition pulse width modulation (IPD – PWM). The multilevel inverter with MPPT has been acknowledged as superior to a normal two-level inverter without MPPT Controller. Simulation results as observed for fixed and variable wind speed including MPPT demonstrate benefits of the proposed method.
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Kim, Dong-Myeong, Dongmin Kim, Hang-Geun Jeong, and Donggu Im. "A Reconfigurable CMOS Inverter-based Stacked Power Amplifier with Antenna Impedance Mismatch Compensation for Low Power Short-Range Wireless Communications." Electronics 9, no. 4 (2020): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040562.
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A reconfigurable CMOS inverter-based stacked power amplifier (PA) is proposed to extend impedance coverage, while maintaining an output power exceeding the specific power level under the worst antenna impedance mismatch conditions. The adopted process technology supports multi-threshold metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) devices, and therefore, the proposed PA employs high threshold voltage (Vth) MOSFETs to increase the output voltage swing, and the output power under a given load condition. The unit cell of the last PA stage relies on a cascode inverter that is implemented by adding cascode transistors to the traditional inverter amplifier. By stacking two identical cascode inverters, and enabling one or both of them through digital switch control, the proposed PA can control the maximum output voltage swing and change the optimum load Ropt, resulting in maximum output power with peak power added efficiency (PAE). The cascode transistors mitigate breakdown issues when the upper cascode inverter stage is driven by a supply voltage of 2 × VDD, and decrease the output impedance of the PA by changing its operation mode from the saturation region to the linear region. This variable output impedance characteristic is useful in extending the impedance coverage of the proposed PA. The reconfigurable PA supports three operation modes: cascode inverter configuration (CIC), double-stacked cascode inverter configuration (DSCIC) and double-stacked inverter configuration (DSIC). These show Ropt of around 100, 50 and 25 Ω, respectively. In the simulation results, the proposed PA operating under the three configurations showed a saturated output power (Psat) of +6.1 dBm and a peak PAE of 41.1% under a 100 Ω load impedance condition, a Psat of +4.5 dBm and a peak PAE of 44.3% under a 50 Ω load impedance condition, and a Psat of +5.2 dBm and a peak PAE of 37.1% under a 25 Ω load impedance condition, respectively. Compared to conventional inverter-based PAs, the proposed design significantly extends impedance coverage, while maintaining an output power exceeding the specific power level, without sacrificing power efficiency using only hardware reconfiguration.
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Ma, Youjie, Luyong Yang, Xuesong Zhou, Xia Yang, Yongliang Zhou, and Bo Zhang. "Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for DC Bus Voltage Under Low-Voltage Ride-Through at the Grid-Side of Energy Storage System." Energies 13, no. 5 (2020): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051207.
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The energy storage inverter system has the characteristics of nonlinearity, strong coupling, variable parameters, and flexible mode switching between parallel and off grid. In order to improve the control performance of the grid-side inverter of the energy storage system, an improved Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control (LADRC) based on proportional differentiation is proposed to replace the traditional LADRC in the voltage outer loop control. In this paper, the observation gain coefficient of the sum of the disturbances of the traditional Linear Extended State Observer (LESO) is improved to a proportional differentiation link, which effectively reduces the degree of the disturbance observation amplitude drop and the phase lag, and increases the observation bandwidth of LESO. Compared with traditional LADRC, it not only improves the observation accuracy of LESO for disturbance, but also improves the anti-interference performance of LADRC. Finally, the control effects of improved LADRC and traditional LADRC on low-voltage ride-through at different degrees are analyzed and compared through simulation, which proves the rationality of the controller designed in this paper.
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Minati, Ludovico. "Experimental Implementation of Networked Chaotic Oscillators Based on Cross-Coupled Inverter Rings in a CMOS Integrated Circuit." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, no. 09 (2015): 1550144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615501443.
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A novel chaotic oscillator based on "cross-coupled" inverter rings is presented. The oscillator consists of a 3-ring to which higher odd n-rings are progressively coupled via diodes and pass gates; it does not contain reactive or resistive elements, and is thus suitable for area-efficient implementation on a CMOS integrated circuit. Numerical simulation based on piece-wise linear approximation predicted the generation of positive spikes having approximately constant periodicity but highly variable cycle amplitude. Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) simulations and experimental data from a prototype realized on 0.7 μm technology confirmed this finding, and demonstrated increasing correlation dimension (D2) as 5-, 7- and 9-rings were progressively coupled to the 3-ring. Experimental data from a ring of 24 such oscillator cells showed phase synchronization and partial amplitude synchronization (formation of small clusters), emerging depending on DC gate voltage applied at NMOS transistors implementing diffusive coupling between neighboring cells. Thanks to its small area, simple synchronizability and digital controllability, the proposed circuit enables experimental investigation of dynamical complexity in large networks of coupled chaotic oscillators, and may additionally be suitable for applications such as broadband signal and random number generation.
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Elnady, A., and M. AlShabi. "Operation of Parallel Inverters in Microgrid Using New Adaptive PI Controllers Based on Least Mean Fourth Technique." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (June 19, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4854803.
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This paper shows the operation of the microgrid using a new adaptive PI controller based operational (control) scheme. The core of the proposed control scheme is the suggested adaptive PI controller. The parameters of the PI controller are adaptively tuned using a variable step-size least mean fourth algorithm with no need for any system model to operate this adaptive controller. The main merit of the proposed scheme is that it stabilizes the magnitude and frequency of the voltage at any loading condition such as variable balanced loads, variable unbalanced loads, and nonlinear loads. The proposed scheme has a simple structure and accurate performance. In addition, the structure of proposed scheme provides a seamless transition toward any loss or reconnection of any inverter in the microgrid. Furthermore, the suggested operational scheme is flexible enough to enable the microgrid to be operative in a grid-connected mode and to transfer from the voltage control mode to power control mode with a smooth transitional procedure. To validate the meritorious performance of the suggested scheme, its performance is compared to similar schemes based on a linear controller (regular PI controller), single-neuron PI controller (adaptive PI controller), recursive least square-support vector machine based PI controller (another adaptive PI controller), and nonlinear controller (sliding mode controller) for different operations of the microgrid.
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Zalohin, M. Yu, B. A. Liubarskyi, S. N. Schuklinov, M. G. Mychalevych, and D. V. Leontiev. "Study of Proportional Pressure Modulator on the Basis of Electromagnetic-Type Linear Motor." Science & Technique 17, no. 5 (2018): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-5-440-446.
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The paper deals with a workflow of a proportional pressure modulator equipped with a linear electric motor of electromagnetic type (LEMET). A schematic diagram consisting of a power supply and control system has been constructed to determine the performance of LEMET. The power supply system is a self-contained half-bridge inverter. The converter input is supplied with 12 V DC voltage. The motor phase is powered by an inverter which includes transistor switches and diodes. The control system of the autonomous inverter consists of two channels – a current limiting channel and a linear transfer channel. The study is based on the results of numerical and simulation modeling of LEMET workflows. Numerical simulation is performed and investigated by a finite element method in the FEMM environment. Geometry of the LEMET model lies in the region of air with an electromagnetic permeability of 1. An initial radius of the grid generation for the working gap area is 0.5 mm, while for other areas an adaptive generation method has been applied. In order to determine a continuous power function at any point within a current variation interval i and a displacement x current linkage and electromagnetic force functions have been approximated by polynomials use of the Curve Fitting application. The simulation LEMET model of a proportional modulator has been built in the MatLab Simulink environment. The implicit Runge-Kutta method using the secondorder inverse differentiation formulas with a variable step has been applied for solution of a mathematical model in the MatLab Simulink system. The equation of an electrical circuit for an inductor motor phase has been compiled according to the second law of Kirchhoff. The LEMET traction characteristics have been obtained by moving a locking and adjusting element (LCE) from 0 to 6 mm in steps of 1 mm while changing the MMF in the winding from 0 to 2 A in steps of 0.1 A. It has been established that in order to move the LCE by 6 mm with the speed of 40 mm/s with a resolution of 0.15 mm, the maximum value of the current in the LEMET winding is equal to 2.5 A. In this case the value of the electromagnetic force is 120 N. This makes it possible to improve an accuracy of the brake drive pressure regulation by 12.3 %. Solutions have been proposed to increase the LEMET speedwork. Characteristics of the engine have been described and numerical parameters of LEMET have been determined in the paper. The developed simulation model allows to investigate functional properties and dynamic characteristics of the proportional modulator with a relative error of 4.07 %.
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Echeikh, H., R. Trabelsi, Atif Iqbal, M. F. Mimouni, and R. Alammari. "Online Adaptation of Rotor Resistance based on Sliding Mode Observer with Backstepping Control of A Five-Phase Induction Motor Drives." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 3 (2016): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp648-655.
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Multiphase electric drives have been developed due to numerous advantages offered by those machines when it compared with the conventional three-phase machines. Multiphase motor drives are considered for applications, where the reduction of power per phase for both motor and inverter and high reliability are required. High performance control techniques are developed for multi-phase drives. The performances of the high performance controller and flux observers may be degraded during the operation. Since the parameters of Induction Motor (IM) varies continuously due to temperature variation and heating. Thus it is significantly important that the value of rotor resistance is continuously observed online and adapted by the control algorithm in order to avoid detuning effects. The efficiency and performance of an induction motor drive system can be improved by online observation of the critical parameters, such as the rotor resistance and stator resistance. Among the parameters of IM, rotor resistance is a decisive one for flux estimation, and also the stator resistance becomes critical in the low-speed operation condition. This paper presents a new online estimation method for the rotor resistance of the IM for sliding mode observer. This method generally based on theories of variable structure and is useful in order to adjust online unknown parameters (load torque and rotor resistance). The presented non-linear compensator afford a voltage inputs on the articulation of stator current and rotor speed measurements, and engender an estimates for the unknown parameters simultaneously, the non-measurable state variables (rotor flux and derivatives of the stator current and voltage) that converge to the corresponding true values. Under the persistent excitation condition, the proposed method estimates the actual value of rotor resistance, which guarantees the exact estimation of the rotor flux. Non-linear Backstepping control and adaptive sliding mode observer of a five-phase induction motor drive is presented. The accuracy and validity of the method is verified by MATLAB simulation model.
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Ristiana, Rina, Arief Syaichu Rohman, Estiko Rijanto, Agus Purwadi, Egi Hidayat, and Carmadi Machbub. "Designing optimal speed control with observer using integrated battery-electric vehicle (IBEV) model for energy efficiency." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 9, no. 2 (2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2018.v9.89-100.
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This paper develops an optimal speed control using a linear quadratic integral (LQI) control standard with/without an observer in the system based on an integrated battery-electric vehicle (IBEV) model. The IBEV model includes the dynamics of the electric motor, longitudinal vehicle, inverter, and battery. The IBEV model has one state variable of indirectly measured and unobservable, but the system is detectable. The objectives of this study were: (a) to create a speed control that gets the exact solution for a system with one indirect measurement and unobservable state variable; and (b) to create a speed control that has the potential to make a more efficient energy system. A full state feedback LQI controller without an observer is used as a benchmark. Two output feedback LQI controllers are designed; including one controller uses an order-4 observer and the other uses an order-5 observer. The order-4 observer does not include the battery state of charge as an observer state whereas the order-5 observer is designed by making all the state variable as the observer state and using the battery state of charge as an additional system output. An electric passenger minibus for public transport with 1500 kg weight was used as the vehicle model. Simulations were performed when the vehicle moves in a flat surface with the increased speed from stationary to 60 km/h and moves according to standard NEDC driving profile. The simulation results showed that both the output feedback LQI controllers provided similar speed performance as compared to the full state feedback LQI controller. However, the output feedback LQI controller with the order-5 observer consumed less energy than with the order-4 observer, which is about 10% for NEDC driving profile and 12% for a flat surface. It can be concluded that the LQI controller with order-5 observer gives better energy efficiency than the LQI controller with order-4 observer
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Botteron, Fernando, and Humberto Pinheiro. "Improved State-Variable Internal Model Based Digital Controller for Three-Phase PWM Inverters that Complies with the Standard Iec 62040-3." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 12, no. 2 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1553-779x.2733.
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This paper proposes an improved state-variable internal model based digital voltage controller suitable for three-phase PWM inverters with output transformer for medium and high power uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). The proposed controller is derived from the internal model principle using a state-variable approach in stationary alfa-beta frame. For the controller design an improved discrete-time model that uses the average of two samples in a switching period is proposed. In addition, this model takes into account the digital implementation time delay. With the proposed controller it is possible to obtain a high performance in both steady-state and load transients. Also, with the selected internal model, dc components resulting from the circuit implementation non-idealities are not amplified, avoiding transformer saturation. To validate the proposed digital controller and to demonstrate the steady-state and transient performance, experimental results from a 10kVA space vector modulated three-phase inverter, fully controlled by a DSP TMS320F241, are presented. In steady-state the UPS output voltages have very low total harmonic distortion (THD) for both balanced and unbalanced non-linear loads. The output voltage dynamic performance complies with the international Standard IEC 62040-3 Classification 1, which is the most severe limit making the three-phase PWM inverter suitable for most types of critical loads.
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"Induction Motor Performance Improvement Using Twelve Sectors DTC and Fuzzy Logic Speed Regulation." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 15 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2020.15.6.
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The direct torque control (DTC) was proposed as an alternative to the vector control in the middle of 1980s. This strategy is based on the direct determination of inverter switching states and offers a simpler scheme and less sensitivity to machine parameters. However, the variable switching frequency of DTC causes high flux and torque ripples which lead to an acoustical noise and degrade the performance of the control scheme, especially at low-speed regions. In the objective of improving the performance of DTC for the induction motor, a fuzzy logic based non-linear speed controller is inserted to ensure a robust control against different uncertainties and external disturbances. Moreover, the sensorless control can increase the reliability and decrease the cost of the control system. Therefore, a fuzzy adaptive Luenberger observer is used to improve the speed and the flux estimation.
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Yadav, D. K. "A Unique Concept of Limited Grid Capacity and Voltage-Frequency Control of an RES Based Rural Electrification System." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 19, no. 5 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2018-0026.
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Abstract This paper presents dynamic performance analysis of a PV-biogas-biodiesel-grid based hybrid power system designed for rural electrification. The linear small signal model of the system using power balance equations is developed and small step change in solar incident power and active and reactive load demand of the system are applied. The objective of this work is to control the system voltage (magnitude and angle), frequency and to operate the grid for controlled supply. The voltage source inverter (VSI) used for photovoltaic (PV) system provides active and reactive support and controlled to maintain system voltage and frequency constant. The biogas and bio-diesel engine are equipped with electronic governor control, uses synchronous generator (SG) with automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The variation in load demand is balanced by the biogas, bio-diesel generator and by PV system keeping grid supply constant. The system is simulated in MATLAB and the performance is analyzed for variable loads and input solar power. The PI controllers are applied and their gains are optimized using ISE method. The state variables are plotted and their oscillations are stabilized within few seconds. The system voltage, frequency and grid are controlled effectively.
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Ray, Papia, and Surender Reddy Salkuti. "Smart branch and droop controller based power quality improvement in microgrids." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, September 24, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2020-0094.
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AbstractThis paper presents two unique smart branch controller for compensating several power quality disturbances. The first proposed intelligent branch controller comprises a series transformer with its indirectly controlled impedance by secondary voltage injection. Further, the smart controller is made adaptive and flexible. It is installed at the point of common coupling (PCC), where PCC voltage & load current can be locally acquired without the presence of a communication channel, which then tracks its references as pure sinusoidal waveforms. Therefore without any filter requirement, harmonic elimination is done by the smart branch controller. The proposed smart controller can be applied in microgrids (MGs) for multi-objective optimization of power quality (PQ). For proper elimination of harmonics and to enhance the quality of power supply, the smart branch is optimized by a droop controller, which delivers power to a constant current source and eliminates harmonics by providing an appropriate quantity of harmonic voltage to the inverter voltage. The total harmonic distortion (THD) becomes 23.06% for the voltage and 6.24% for the current with droop controller, whereas, with an only smart branch into the power network, the THD becomes 26.47% for the voltage and 12.30% for the current. The simulation result concludes that the discussed optimized smart branch-based droop controller reduces drastically THD. Also, a separate study has been performed on the improvement of PQ by second proposed smart controller called as Photovoltaic Distribution Static Compensator (PV-DSTATCOM) grid-tied system using an adaptive reweighted zero attracting (RZA) control algorithm with perturbation and by applying maximum power point tracking technique (MPPT) for a three-phase system. The converter with PV array along with an active filter feature known as PV-DSTATCOM is required to convert the DC voltage into AC and for the improvement of the PQ by limiting harmonic distortions. It is concluded from the simulation results that the use of the RZA strategy presents an excellent steady state and transient response. The proposed PV grid-tied system is capable of working round the clock for both constant and variable irradiation and linear loads. The system is termed as smart as it can perform both modes automatically sensing the PV power and is capable of multi-directional power flow. The proposed method performs dual functions of improving PQ by working as DSTATCOM and also transfers power to the load and the grid obtained from PV array.