Academic literature on the topic 'Inverter-based resources (IBRs)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Inverter-based resources (IBRs)"

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Kim, Dohyuk, Hwanhee Cho, Bohyun Park, and Byongjun Lee. "Evaluating Influence of Inverter-based Resources on System Strength Considering Inverter Interaction Level." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (2020): 3469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083469.

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The penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) equipped with inverter-based control systems such as wind and solar plants are increasing. Therefore, the speed of the voltage controllers associated with inverter-based resources (IBRs) has a substantial impact on the stability of the interconnected grid. System strength evaluation is one of the important concerns in the integration of IBRs, and this strength is often evaluated in terms of the short circuit ratio (SCR) index. When IBRs are installed in an adjacent location, system strength can be weaker than evaluation by SCR. This study proposes an inverter interaction level short circuit ratio (IILSCR) method by tracing IBRs output flow. The IILSCR can accurately estimate system strength, wherein IBRs are connected in adjacent spots, by reflecting the interaction level between IBRs. The study also demonstrates the efficiency of IILSCR by applying this method to Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 39 bus test system and future Korea power systems.
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Haddadi, Aboutaleb, Evangelos Farantatos, Ilhan Kocar, and Ulas Karaagac. "Impact of Inverter Based Resources on System Protection." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041050.

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Inverter-based resources (IBRs) exhibit different short-circuit characteristics compared to traditional synchronous generators (SGs). Hence, increased uptake of IBRs in the power system is expected to impact the performance of traditional protective relay schemes—set under the assumption of a SG-dominated power system. Protection engineers need to study these challenges and develop remedial solutions ensuring the effectiveness of system protection under higher levels of IBRs. To address this need, this paper studies the impact of IBRs on a variety of protective relay schemes including line distance protection, memory-polarized zero sequence directional protective relay element, negative sequence quantities-based protection, line current differential protection, phase comparison protection, rate-of-change-of-frequency, and power swing detection. For each protection function, potential misoperation scenarios are identified, and recommendations are provided to address the misoperation issue. The objective is to provide an improved understanding of the way IBRs may negatively impact the performance of traditional protection schemes as a first step towards developing future remedial solutions ensuring effective protection under high share of IBRs.
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Das, Himadry Shekhar, Shuhui Li, and Shahinur Rahman. "Grid Interconnection Modeling of Inverter Based Resources (IBR) Plant for Transient Analysis." Energies 16, no. 7 (2023): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073211.

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The increase in penetration levels of inverter-based resources (IBRs) is changing the dynamic performance of power grids of different parts of the world. IBRs are now being more and more integrated into the grid at a single connection point as an IBR plant. Due to the complex nature and dynamicity of each inverter model, it is not realistic to build and analyze full complex models of each inverter in the IBR plant. Moreover, simulating a large plant including detailed models of all the IBRs would require high computing resources as well as a long simulation time. This has been the main issue addressed in the new IEEE Std 2800-2022. This paper proposes a novel approach to model an IBR plant, which can capture the transient nature at the plant level, detailed IBR control at the inverter level, interactions of multiple IBR groups in a plant structure, and a collector system connecting the IBRs to the grid. The IBRs in the plant use a voltage source inverter topology combined with a grid-connected filter. The control structure of the IBR includes a cascaded loop control where an inner current control and outer power control are designed in the dq-reference frame, and a closed-loop phase-locked loop is used for the grid synchronization. The mathematical study is conducted first to develop aggregated plant models considering different operating scenarios of active IBRs in an IBR plant. Then, an electromagnetic transient simulation (EMT) model of the plant is developed to investigate the plant’s dynamic performance under different operating scenarios. The performance of the aggregated plant model is compared with that of a detailed plant model to prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The results show that the aggregated EMT simulation model provides almost the same result as the detailed model from the plant perspective while the running time/computation burden is much lower.
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Alshuaibi, Khaled, Yi Zhao, Lin Zhu, et al. "Forced Oscillation Grid Vulnerability Analysis and Mitigation Using Inverter-Based Resources: Texas Grid Case Study." Energies 15, no. 8 (2022): 2819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082819.

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Forced oscillation events have become a challenging problem with the increasing penetration of renewable and other inverter-based resources (IBRs), especially when the forced oscillation frequency coincides with the dominant natural oscillation frequency. A severe forced oscillation event can deteriorate power system dynamic stability, damage equipment, and limit power transfer capability. This paper proposes a two-dimension scanning forced oscillation grid vulnerability analysis method to identify areas/zones in the system that are critical to forced oscillation. These critical areas/zones can be further considered as effective actuator locations for the deployment of forced oscillation damping controllers. Additionally, active power modulation control through IBRs is also proposed to reduce the forced oscillation impact on the entire grid. The proposed methods are demonstrated through a case study on a synthetic Texas power system model. The simulation results demonstrate that the critical areas/zones of forced oscillation are related to the areas that highly participate in the natural oscillations and the proposed oscillation damping controller through IBRs can effectively reduce the forced oscillation impact in the entire system.
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Menegazzo, Luiz F. R., Anderson L. N. Severo, Lucas Bisêlo Piton, et al. "Unified Platform for Automated Tests of Inverter-Based Resources with Harware-in-the-loop." Eletrônica de Potência 29 (October 25, 2024): e202443. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.e202443.

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Testing of inverter-based resources (IBRs) faces challenges in establishing standardized procedures across all product development stages. Most of the testing approaches use Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) during the early stages independently from the final product testing, which can lead to discrepant results. To solve these issues, this paper proposes a unified platform for automatically testing IBRs. It can be used during all product development stages, from pure simulation to Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIL) and finally on the complete commercial product, ensuring uniform test procedures with different test setups. A case study describing compliance tests of grid-connection codes of photovoltaic (PV) inverters are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. Experimental tests were performed in accordance to Brazilian grid-connection codes in an ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory. The results obtained with the proposed platform in CHIL and full-hardware showed high similarity with the ones obtained with the accredited laboratory, validating the proposed approach. In addition, the platform can be used to perform tests not specified in standards and to verify the performance of IBRs in operating conditions that are often difficult to be tested in laboratory. Ensuring consistent test procedures, the platform facilitates comparable results along all the testing stages, reducing the product development cycle.
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Li, Fujian, and Jin Ma. "Comprehensive Dynamic Interaction Studies in Inverter-Penetrated Power Systems." Energies 17, no. 9 (2024): 2235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17092235.

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In a renewable-energy-penetrated power system (RPPS), inverter-based resources (IBRs) pose serious challenges to power system stability due to their completely different dynamic characteristics compared with conventional generators; thus, it is necessary to study the dynamic interactions between IBRs and power systems. Although many research efforts have been dedicated to this topic from both power electronics and power system researchers, some research from the power electronics field treats the external power system as a voltage source with an impedance, therefore ignoring the dynamic characteristics of a power system, while most of the research from the power system field applies simulation-based methods, for which it is difficult to directly interpret the interaction mechanism of IBRs and external system dynamics. Thus, none of these studies can explore the accurate dynamic interaction mechanism between IBRs and power systems, leading to performance degradation of IBR-integrated power systems. Our study takes into account the dynamic characteristics of both IBRs and the external power system, resulting in the development of a new open-loop transfer function for RPPSs. Based on this formulation, it is observed that under certain operating conditions, the dynamic interactions between the inverter and the power system help enhance IBR-penetrated power system stability compared with the case for which the external power system is controlled as a voltage source. The study also reveals how the inverter (phase-locked loop, control parameters, etc.), external power system (network strength) and penetration ratio in an IBR-penetrated power system affect the dynamic interactions between IBRs and the external power system using the proposed quantified interaction indices.
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Kariyawasam, Sachintha, Jagannath Wijekoon, and Athula Rajapakse. "Assessment of the Performance of Phasor-Based and Transients-Based Faulted Phase Identification Techniques in the Presence of Inverter Interfaced Resources." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020640.

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Faulted phase identification is one of the segments of conventional system protection that is severely vulnerable in the presence of inverter-based resources (IBR) such as Type IV wind and solar PV power plants. The work presented in this paper investigates the effect of IBRs on the conventional phasor-based faulted phase identification methods widely implemented in contemporary commercial protection relays using theoretical analysis and simulation results. Moreover, this premise is further validated by testing commercial line protection relays using hardware-in-the-loop simulations. This paper also evaluates the applicability of recently proposed transients/incremental quantities-based techniques to overcome the deficiencies of conventional methods to correctly identify the faulted phase in systems with IBRs through real-time and control hardware-in-the-loop simulations. Comparisons with commercial relays show that transient/incremental quantities-based methods are more suitable for systems with a high penetration of IBRs.
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Alassaf, Abdullah, Ibrahim Alsaleh, Ayoob Alateeq, and Hamoud Alafnan. "Grid-Following Inverter-Based Resource: Numerical State–Space Modeling." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (2023): 8400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108400.

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In the pursuit of a sustainable electric power system, the integration of renewable energy sources and distributed energy resources is gradually replacing traditional power generation. These new resources are integrated into the grid via inverters, which, despite their efficient performance, present dynamic challenges to the power grid when implemented on a large scale. To maintain grid stability and ensure effective regulation during abnormal operations, various modeling techniques are necessary; while the dynamics of inverter-based resources (IBRs) are traditionally modeled by transfer functions, this paper sheds light on differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) modeling and numerical integration methods. The inherent limitations of transfer function modeling stem from its restricted applicability, as it is exclusively suitable for linear and time-invariant systems. In contrast, the nonlinear DAEs of the IBR system can be converted into a state–space form, which offers a versatile framework for modeling, evaluating, and designing a diverse array of systems. In addition to being compatible with time-varying systems and multiple-input multiple-output systems, the state–space technique may incorporate saturation and dead zone characteristics into the dynamic model. Our research focuses on IBR modeling in a grid-following scheme, which is current-controlled and synchronized to the grid by a phase-locked loop (PLL). The presented state–space model consists of the inverter, grid, control, and designed PLL. Beyond the discussion of its application to IBRs, the presented method holds the potential to solve a wide range of DAEs. The proposed model is compared with a benchmarked system.
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Choi, Namki, Bohyun Park, Hwanhee Cho, and Byongjun Lee. "Impact of Momentary Cessation Voltage Level in Inverter-Based Resources on Increasing the Short Circuit Current." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (2019): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041153.

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This study analyzed the impact of varying the momentary cessation (MC) voltage level on the short circuit current of inverter-based resources (IBRs). To analyze the impact of the IBR MC function on the short circuit current, this paper proposes an advanced IBR model for fault current calculation to reflect its fault characteristics and a scheme for analyzing the influence of MC on the short circuit current. Based on the proposed methods, the authors conducted case studies using planning data from the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). The influence of MC was investigated on the IBRs located at the southwest side of the KEPCO systems by screening the fault currents while varying the MC voltage. This paper demonstrates that the minimum MC voltage level needed for the fault current not to exceed the circuit breaker (CB) capacity can be proposed through analyzing the impact of MC voltage level on the short circuit current. The test results based on the proposed scheme showed that the short circuit current to power systems could not violate CB capacity if IBRs adjusted the MC voltage level higher than the lowest MC voltage level.
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Hernández-Santafé, Juan David, and Elmer Sorrentino. "Problems and Solutions Concerning the Distance Protection of Transmission Lines Connected to Inverter-Based Resources." Energies 18, no. 6 (2025): 1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061375.

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This article presents a review of the problems and solutions concerning the distance protection of transmission lines connected to inverter-based resources (IBRs). After a brief description of IBRs and distance protection, the reported problems are classified based on their causes and effects. The causes are related to IBR behavior, and the effects are related to distance protection. The effects are classified as overall effects (observable wrong trips or an observable lack of activation of distance functions) and specific effects (related to the particular internal relay elements that failed, causing the observable overall effects). Furthermore, special attention is paid to clearly describe the research literature from relay manufacturers, since it should be closer to the current trends related to real-life problems and solutions. The causes and specific effects particularly mentioned in the reviewed literature are summarized in corresponding tables, including information about those papers where such causes and effects cannot be clearly identified.
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Book chapters on the topic "Inverter-based resources (IBRs)"

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Fan, Lingling, and Zhixin Miao. "Power networks with multiple IBRs." In Modeling and Stability Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003323655-10.

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Fan, Lingling, and Zhixin Miao. "Control of IBR power plants." In Modeling and Stability Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003323655-6.

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Fan, Lingling, and Zhixin Miao. "Analytical modeling of a GFL-IBR." In Modeling and Stability Analysis of Inverter-Based Resources. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003323655-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Inverter-based resources (IBRs)"

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Hasan, Md Shamim, Sheikh Jakir Hossain, and Sukumar Kamalasadan. "An Optimization-Based Volt/Var Control Approach with Increased Penetration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) in the Bulk and Distribution Grid." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy (PESGRE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgre58662.2023.10405008.

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Luces, F. F., and M. C. Pacis. "Transient Stability Assessment of Inverter-Based Resource (IBR) Cessation Mode Using Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E)." In 2022 IEEE 14th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management (HNICEM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hnicem57413.2022.10109406.

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Reports on the topic "Inverter-based resources (IBRs)"

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Brown, Kiana, Bhaskar Mitra, Marcelo Elizondo, and Scott Morris. Regulatory Protection and Control Standards Applicable to The Vietnam Grid Under High Inverter-Based Resource (IBR) Penetration: A Review of Standards Applicable for Vietnam Grid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2336796.

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