Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Investissements français – Afrique subsaharienne'
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Bost, François. "Les entreprises françaises en Afrique sub-saharienne : strategies et dynamiques spatiales." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100146.
Full textHistory, economy and policy are the main factors which explain why the French forces were so important in west and central Africa. Until a short time ago, companies were in a euphoric period. That's why this part of the world has begun to be one of the most important areas for the French external business and also for the increase of companies number. With the establishment of the economic crisis in the 80', companies have turned their strategies into including this new context. At this time, big companies have maintained themselves, but number of the smaller has decreased significally. Nevertheless, during this period, French companies have discovered the rest of Africa and are begun to be more and more interested in countries as Kenya, Nigeria or south Africa. But in analyzing all French investments it appears that they are staying at a low in Africa, which is not a priority, instead of Europe, north America or Asia
Lankoandé, Youmani Jérôme. "Économie politique des investissements directs chinois en Afrique subsaharienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21162.
Full textLahimer, Noomen. "La contribution des investissements directs étrangers à la réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090011.
Full textWe examine the contribution of FDI on poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2005. The effects of FDI on poverty are analyzed through two mechanisms: institutional and economic. First, analyzing the institutional mechanism by a principal component analysis, we find out that manufacturing FDI are positively correlated with economic development, investment climate and reducing poverty. Second, we analyze the effects of FDI on poverty through economic mechanism within two parts. On one hand, multinational firms can crowd-in or crowd-out local firms. Using adequate econometric method “GMM Arenallo and Bond (1991)”, we detect that FDI in Sub-Saharan African countries crowd-out local investments. On the other hand, FDI affect absolute poverty through their effects on both growth and inequality. Using a simultaneous equations model, we’ve found that extractive FDI promote growth but increase inequality. This leads to an increase of absolute poverty. Thus, poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa should be based, primarily, on distribution processes
Koanda, Mady. "Contribution à la connaissance du comportement financier et des performances financières des entreprises industrielles en Afrique : une application de la théorie de l'agence." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4002.
Full textThe financial behavior and performances of industrial firms in sub-Saharan countries (Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger and Senegal) have been analysed on the basis of the positive theory of agency. The notion of African enterprise as “nexus of contracts” leads to distinguish three types of enterprises : the “monitoring” enterprise, the “community” enterprise and the public enterprise. The model chosen bring to the core problem of separation of ownership rights from decision-making rights as well as the conflicts of interests and agency costs that are entailed. It mainly takes into account one specificity of African environment : the community pressure, family and clan influence on enterprise management in Africa. Taking the agency's relation into consideration to analyze the interpretation of financial decisions and performances leads to convincing results. On the basis of findings of a survey from principal officials of enterprises and on the collection of accounting and financial data, uni-varied and multi-varied statistics processing were carried out to test three (3) research hypotheses. In many cases, the organizational design namely type of agency relation influences the expected financial behavior. The various financial objectives connected to the financial function are different according to the organizational design. The investment policy is under optimal and it depends on the type of the firm. As a result, there is an underinvestment or an overinvestment regarding the type of the firm. Generally speaking, the basic financial decisions made within African firms are explained by the need of the management of the agency relation and they corroborate in this way the conjectures of financial agency theory. Thus, the firms have set some targets that contribute to manage the basic conflict of interests. Indebtedness is a way that enables the “monitoring” firms to reduce overinvestment. The conflict of interests, which is particularly hard between banks and “community” firms, is the main cause of underinvestment. The performances of African firms are connected to the organizational design. While “monitoring” firms are successful from the shareholders point of view (return on equity), “community” firms are successful according to the contracting parties (return of assets). Concerning public firms, they are not successful at all
Djon, Ndoum Benoît-Pierre. "La stratégie d'implantation des banques américaines en Afrique noire." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090022.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the analysis of international banking direct investments with a reference to the implantation of many USA commercial banks in Africa during 1970's. On the light of the strategic groups theory of porter and caves, we have tried to show that American banks creating agencies in black Africa during 1970's set some fundamental options which traduce a behavior of a strategic group. If these options permit to USA commercial banks to eliminate some entry or exit barriers and to move as a group of banks, they repercussions on the competitive structure of the African banking systems were very low. The European banks (French, English) which were almost represented in Africa during the colonial period are still playing a predominant role on this market
Gibson, Sandra. "La diffusion du droit forestier français en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA111004.
Full textMbintcha, Tatmi Reine. "Histoire,statut,enjeux et avenir du français en Afrique Subsaharienne." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textGautrieaud, Stéphanie. "Méthodologies comparées de l'évaluation du risque pays : application à l'Afrique." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40014.
Full textLahimer, Noomen Bienaymé Alain Goaied Mohamed. "La contribution des investissements directs étrangers à la réduction de la pauvreté en Afrique subsaharienne." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/1167.
Full textKileou, Badayode. "Le processus de privatisation des entreprises publiques en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Togo." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010317.
Full textLike most developing countries, Togo, just after her independence in 1960, put into works an economic development strategie based on agricultural and mineral income. In the 1970s, the favorable evolution of world prices of her major export products, phosphate (price multiplied by 4 between 1974 and 1975), coffee and cocoa, greatly increased the budgetary income of the Togolese government. With this strong and unexpected increase of financial resources of the public sector, the Togolese authorities embarked on a development effort with a vaste expansion program of public investments augmenting the number of government-owned firms and para-statals, exclusively financed by foreign loans. In doing this, the state, without the participation of the private sector, played the major parts for it took not only the charge of the infrastructures but also that of the economy by establishing state and para-statal monopoly the administration of which turned out to be desastrous, selectif and sectorial policies far disconnected to macro-economic conditions. Rapidly, the period of economic well-beign came to an end in 1978 with the brutal fall in the world prices of raw materials. As from 1980, Togo has been experiencing grave economic and financial difficultues bringing her to change the life-style of the state, the number go government-owned firms, all these at the demand of (or in colaboration with) the international monetary fund (imf), guardian of international finance hence internal finance of each country, that does no tolerate financial misbehavior of state-owned firms. From then on, no one can deny this evidence : the privatization policy of state-owned firms is imposed on the Togolese authorities from outside the country. This explains the factofs and technical modalities retained for the privatization. Therefore, in general what to privatize ? How to privatize ? Here are the fondamental questions to which we have tried to respond much in strict judicial as in political terms by studying the Togolese case which is a common case in Africa
Nzepa, Serge. "Le rôle du programme d'ajustement structurel dans la réforme du régime de l'investissement étranger adoptée par les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne surendettés." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010280.
Full textThis thesis emphasizes the role of structural adjustment program (SAP) on the foreign investment reform adopted by the heavily indebted subsaharan african countries. In the first part, the author shows that the sap has become a fundamental rule that subsaharan African countries must now comply with in all their economic conduct, including their conduct towards foreign investments. First, he describes the causes of the sap's adoption by African countries, especially their balance of payments crisis occured in the early 1980 s. , and their indebteness. Afterwards, he points out that sap fonction is to guarantee subsaharan african countries' external debt towards their creditor. Finally, he shows that the performance of this rule is sanctionned by a strict control ensured by ifm. In the second part, the author deals with the foreign investment reform adopted by subsaharan African countries in order to comply with sap. First, he studies the principal measure adopted by these countries, especially the national investment code liberalization. Then, he stresses the other national measures carried out such as public enteprises privatization and export free zones. Finally, he analyses the international extensions of these national measures such as bilateral investment treaties, the world bank guidelines on the treatment of foreign investment and the political risk guarantees (national garantees and miga's garantee).
Bourgain, Arnaud. "Apports financiers extérieurs et processus d'intégration régionale en Afrique Subsaharienne : contribution à une approche régionale de l'aide extérieure au développement." Nancy 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN20005.
Full textThe purpose of these works is to study the economic integration and cooperation in sub-Saharan Africa with the financial foreign flows as leading line. The possibilities, advantages and limits of a regional dimension for development aid are examined in detail. In a first part, after a presentation of main ways of regional integration (classic integration by the market, sectorial cooperation, monetary integration) and their instruments to attract foreign funding, an econometric study observes if to be member of a regional grouping has an influence on the various financial foreign flows. Besides, in perspective of a durable foreign financing, we try to evalue, in the light of theoretical rules and empiric observation, if the borrowing capacity would be largest for regional groupings than for small economies. The second part examines the implications of assistance policies on the regional integration process. The aims and the regional projects of the main donors are observed. The compulsions attached to the financing of structural adjustment programs have a prime importance too. That induces to adopt a regional approach of the adjustment. Several propositions are studied for the assistance to regional operational initiatives, and specially the arrangements and programs which contribute to facilitating cross-border payments in the presence of inconvertible currencies
Velandia, Torres Carlos Roberto. "Les relations intergroupes entre les Français et les ressortissants d'Afrique subsaharienne francophone." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL016/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to update the identity changes and inter-categorical relational processes between Blacks and Whites, between Africans and Europeans on African migrants in Burgundy. We propose to understand migration as a process considering two elements: a) the temporality of the process and b) the space in which the various stages of migration take place. Our theoretical background is based on two major currents. The first one is the meta-theory of social identity, completed by the model of social partitions. The second one concerns some achievements of acculturation studies. A twofold methodology was used: firstly, the use of quantitative questionnaires, including the RepMut tool (diagnostic tool of inter-categorical relations) allowed us to highlight the underlying relations of psychological functioning mechanisms between Whites and Blacks, Natives and Migrants in our sample. Also, Interviews were carried out in order to complement and particularize the identified process with qualitative data and examples. The results allow us to consider the migration process as a multiple, variable and multidirectional phenomenon, on two axes: the geographic axis (return to the home country; migrate to a third country, or remain in the host country) and the time axis (now, in x time, after, one day, never). In the discussion a) The notions of family and African solidarity are further developed, b) the difference between the real and ideal plan are questioned in order to qualify the border between these two plans and c) the weight of multiple affiliations associated with multiple categorizations which can create an effect of "double jeopardy" are examined
Esta investigación busca actualizar los cambios de identidad y los procesos de relación intergrupales entre Negros y Blancos, entre Africanos y Europeos acerca de los Migrantes de Africa sub-sahariana en Borgoña. Proponemos entender la migración como un proceso, a partir de la consideración de dos elementos: a) la temporalidad del proceso, y b) el espacio en el que las diversas etapas de la migración se llevan a cabo. Teóricamente, nuestra reflexión se basa en dos corrientes principales. La primera es la meta-teoría de la identidad social, modelo enriquecido de la teoría de particiones sociales. La segunda se refiere a los avances de la aculturación. Metodológicamente, hemos establecido un programa mixto: en primer lugar, el uso de cuestionarios cuantitativos, incluyendo el instrumento RepMut (herramienta de diagnóstico de las relaciones entre categorías) el cual nos ha permitido resaltar los mecanismos de funcionamiento psicológico subyacente a las relaciones entre Blancos y Negros, entre Autóctonos y Migrantes en nuestra muestra. Igualmente, se utilizaron una serie de entrevistas semiestructuradas que, gracias a su contenido y ejemplos, nos han permitido enriquecer y particularizar el proceso identificado. Los resultados permiten considerar el proceso de migración como un fenómeno múltiple, variable y multidireccional, en dos ejes: el primero geográfico (regresar al país de origen, migrar a un tercer país, permanecer en el país de acogida actual) el segundo temporal (ahora, en x tiempo, después de…, un día, nunca). En la discusión a) profundizamos los conceptos de familia y la solidaridad africana, b) interrogamos la diferencia entre el plano real y el plano ideal, matizando la frontera entre estos dos planos y c) cuestionamos el peso de múltiples afiliaciones asociadas con múltiples categorizaciones que puede crear un efecto de "doble pena"
Gaudreault, Francis. "Étude des investissements directs étrangers sud-africains et chinois en Afrique : Les préférences politiques et les implications idéologiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29436/29436.pdf.
Full textLoubaki, Mbon Patrick. "Les contrats d'investissements chinois en Afrique subsaharienne : analyse juridique et stratégique des contrats d'exploration et d'exploitation du pétrole." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0450/document.
Full textIn recent years, we have witnessed the great return of China to Africa. To promote a new economic partnership, China set up the bilateral forum on China-Africa cooperation held for the first edition in Beijing in 2000 and brought together Heads of State and businessmen. This forum, which is a model of commercial development, is in line with the White Paper on China's African Policy, published in January 2006, which reveals that China is working on the establishment and development of a new type of partnership. characterized by equality and mutual trust in a 'win - win' spirit at the economic and especially the oil level. The black continent especially south of the Sahara, which has 9.4% of the world's oil reserves, a potential comparable to that of Iraq, now accounts for 11.4% of oil production. Thus, the African continent appears as a providential land for Chinese companies with investment opportunities considered as the realization of prospecting projects through joint ventures. However, it has been found that oil contracts between Chinese companies and African states are unbalanced. Three reasons can explain it: firstly because the African states are economically fragile, then they often in delicacy with the international institutions and thus need the support of great powers, of which China, finally these states are weak, with executives less trained to negotiate oil contracts. This suggests that these contracts are leonine, whose legal nature is not that of state contracts for lack of principle pact sunt servanda. However, in order to attract foreign investment, African states grant immense benefits and guarantees to foreign investors, accept the stability and inviolability of the contract, favor international arbitration and denationalization of the contract. Unfortunately, money from oil contracts does not allow the development of states to the point of fueling internal conflicts. At the point where the responsibility of oil companies is difficult to question, even when it comes to issues of sustainable development or protection of local populations around oil sites
Toto, Same Achille. "Le financement du développement de l'Afrique subsaharienne par des capitaux privés et publics externes : le cas du Cameroun." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0049.
Full textFontan, Françoise. "Modes de diffusion de la langue française en Afrique noire francophone depuis le début de la colonisation." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX10048.
Full textWade, Mohamed El Bachir. "Autonomie et procédures de contrôle dans les groupes français implantés en Afrique." Poitiers I.A.E, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT4006.
Full textThe aim of this research is to contribute to the knowledge of the management methods used in Africa. Indeed, since the late 70's, there is a debate on the reasons of the mediocrity of the public enterprises performances when they are compared to the others. On this scope, we asked if there are appropriate management methods for african context employed by. Subsidaries companies, which are shown as welle managed. So, we studied the process of management in the subsidaries of french multinational enterprises, which are the first firms estabished in the continent. According to the subjects of the debate, we analyzed how the subsdaries are tied up to the headquarter, how their decisions are controlled and what are the influence of the cultural context. Then, we studied their management control processes first, in order to show that the centralization decentralization (thus autonomy), the formalizaton (thus process) and the joint to environment are their main dimensions; second, to find the different styles they use. The research is based on an inquiry into 32 headquarters of french multinational enterprises. Our results are compared to those of Hugues Jordan on the practices of management control in France and those of Jacques Trahand on the styles of control into french firms
Dagnac, Anne. "Français d'Afrique, norme, variation : le cas de la presse écrite en Côte d'Ivoire et au Mali." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20064.
Full textIn two countries with contrasting sociolinguistic profiles among african french-speaking area, we study some lexical and syntactical particularities from a corpus of written press. To measure them, the central standard we have chosen lies not in academic norms, but in actual usage in similar context, which may lead us to re-asset the existing descriptions of "central french" as well as the extent and nature of the particularities of the african variety. The lexical study, centered on dynamic neologism, together with the extension of derivational rules, a certain instability in rection and in the perception of the norms, shows that language levels are being partially reorganized, especially in ivory coast. Four syntaxic points are then detailled : coordination, indirect speech, ellipsis (especially of verb arguments, anaphorical items and "en" in quantitative structures), and coreference of the empty form pro in non-argumental infinitive groups. The particularities, quite patent compared to academic norms, prove more subtle compared to actual usage. They often just extend inner possibilities already partly resorted to by central french. Most of them rely on changes in syntactico-semantical constraints, especially as regards anaphora, saillancy, coreference and thematic values. Other are linked with syntactical marks (eg in "additive coordination" and "enonciative subordination" in indirect speech). Generally remaining optional, they attest that an endogenous norm is setting up, in these two countires, but maybe even in the whole african area, whatever the substract
Mayaki, Maïkolanché. "Stratégie et comportements financiers des entreprises françaises implantées en Afrique de l'ouest." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR1D004.
Full textEtoundi, Ateba Jacques. "Intégration didactique des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) en français langue seconde (FLS) : une approche systémique de la formation des enseignants camerounais." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/126282021#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textCameroon must face the quasi universal requirement of integrating the ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) into education. From this gigantic and complex field, we pointed problems relating to the didactic training of the teachers of French language. This French language which has the polemical status of being considered as a second language in Cameroon (Cuq, 1991). The thesis which pertains to the sciences of language, adopts however a systemic (Moigne, 1977) and necessarily a transdisciplinary approach (Nicolescu, 1996), only likely to deal with the complexity (Morin, 1982) of the set of themes. On the basis of the sociolinguistic situation of Cameroon - officially bilingual country (French, English), containing 300 national languages - this study reveals the epistemological (Popper, 1963), technological (Karsenti, 2005) and ethical bonds (Comenius, 17th century) which exist between the status of French, the training of teachers and the ICT in such a multilingual context
Monluc, Michel. "Contribution à l’analyse des politiques linguistiques-éducatives en Afrique subsaharienne : Étude des modalités de mise en place d’un enseignement bilingue français-anglais dans l’Éducation de Base au Cameroun." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0679.
Full textThis thesis is part of a dynamic and pluralistic perspective because it essentially asks the language sciences, science education, but also borrows from the economics of education, sociology of education, and docimology. The starting point of this work is rooted in our constant questioning about the weaknesses of sub-Saharan Africa education systems. The heart of our work questions the official French -English bilingualism in basic education and the reasons for which the Cameroon fails to reach this school bilingualism. The analysis referred to evaluative language education policy ultimately shows that official bilingualism in Cameroon is a bilingual facade and the main reasons for this situation are identified.On the methodological level, observable within current qualitative techniques in the social sciences (field surveys based on semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, meta-analyzes) and quantitative techniques mainly from the field of economics of education.The perspective adopted in the formulation of recommendations is part of a systemic approach also permitted the scope of this study and an attempt to bridge between North and South. This approach has led us to support us including, in particular, the work on multilingualism of the Council of Europe. While the field of research that is ours, Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa is totally different from the European context, apparently. But the points of convergence exist and it is certainly possible to identify to think of this research focused only on Europe. If it is not to flatten the results obtained in this research one as different as Cameroon ground, it seemed, however, that contextualization could afford, with a view to sharing best practices, interesting developments bilingual school in Cameroon.The originality of this work is based on the chosen theme, a contribution to the analysis of language education policy in an evaluative perspective, and the introduction of methods from the worlds of education consultants for review of this policy
Idlemouden, Khadija. "Annulations de la dette extérieure et croissance : Une application au cas des "pays pauvres très endettés" (PPTE)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419972.
Full textEka, Fred. "La contribution de la Chine au développement économique des pays d' Afrique Sub Saharienne." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2035/document.
Full textOver the past 15 years, the Sino-African relationship has profoundly changed the African continent, which many Western governments have abandoned. Central Africa has many commodities including oil, copper, cobalt and iron ore. Many, including some African, suspect what they consider to be a neo-colonial landholding, in which the Chinese state illustrated through its 2,200 companies, extract minerals in return for infrastructure.Nevertheless, there is a consensus that the Chinese presence has mainly benefited Africa. A few figures illustrate the change. In 2000, trade between China and Africa was only $ 10 billion. By 2014, this has increased more than 20 times to $ 220 billion, according to the China Africa Research Initiative at the School of International Studies. An interest that is reflected by the presence of Chinese actors, public and private, more and more numerous, precisely in the direct investments (stocks of 10 to 45 billion dollars), according to the sources.Yet there is anxiety about the rise of Chinese influence. Several political leaders are concerned that Africa has recently shifted to the trade deficit with China. African governments are so indebted to China that they could cause economic dependence on the future of their countries.My research explores the impact of China on the economic development of SSA countries. The aim is to show how the countries of Central Africa, notably CEMAC, which lag behind other regions of SSA must use the complex changes in the Chinese economy to boost their economic growth and boost their development and attract foreign investors, job creators and a major player in the dynamization and industrialization of territories. We analyzed and compared the choice of the mode of location of Chinese and French greenfield IDEs in Central Africa. Our results show the decisive role of the main trading potential driving the strategies of internationalization of Chinese firms in Central Africa
Mbouopda, David. "Regards d'écrivains français sur l'Afrique noire dans la deuxième moitié du vingtième siècle : du néocolonialisme à la coopération." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20012.
Full textAt the edge of the XXIst century, the importance of "imagologie" in comparative literature cannot be ever emphasized. In fact the contact between France and Black Africa has been adversative, consecrating the dualistic Black/White as two singular and insurmountable entities. The representation of French writers on Black Africa try to make an appraisal of the last development of this situation on historical, social, cultural, political and economic plan. This brings out, in the second half of the XXth century, two cruel angles : the French look on Africa and that of Africa on the western world. It was based on conciliating, through a comparative study and an alterity block, the reflexion on motion such as : the north/south dialogue, neo-colonialism, sustainable development Franco-African cooperation; and the constitution of a positive knowledge on unpublished narrative space characterising the reception of black Africa in the imagination of the French. But it is a constellation of (various) diverse and current questions asked in varied forms detective, adventure learning, ethnology. And numerous themes, the mugger's wife, the African intelligentsia, the evolution of language and collective blindness
Diallo, Amadou. "Investir en afrique : le point de vue des entreprises chinoises : le cas du Mali." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU2004/document.
Full textThis research aims to improve our understanding of the entry strategies of Chinese enterprises in Africa from the perspective of Chinese enterprises. Literature in international strategy emphasizes the need for choosing a specific context of the study thereof. However, the perception of Chinese entrepreneurs in terms of when investing in Africa is virtually nonexistent in the literature. This thesis attempts to illuminate the different implementation strategies of Chinese enterprises in the African context. The implementation of these companies on the continent is she smart for their growth? How do they adapt to expanding their geographic scope and manage the physical distance, cultural, institutional and psychological that separates them from their potential partners? To do this, we conducted a research approach in three steps : The first phase devoted to information retrieval and exploration of Chinese enterprises in Mali. This to be the literature of our research. A second empirical phase was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire with 18 Chinese companies alike. A phase descriptive / prescriptive has extended the response to our research problem by proposing a cross-sectional analysis of the different cases studied. This research demonstrates the importance of the perception of Chinese entrepreneurs to better understand the implementation process of Chinese enterprises in Africa and especially in Mali
Korankye, Priscilla. "Etude comparative des représentations des futurs enseignants et des enseignants débutants par rapport à leur formation professionnelle initiale en langues étrangères : le cas du Français au Ghana et de l'anglais au Togo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG033/document.
Full textThis research is founded in comparative education and studies the social representations of future and beginning foreign language teachers in Ghana against those in Togo with respect to their initial professional training. The study is inspired mainly by the theory of social representations, professionalization and by the concept of relationship to knowledge. Using a comprehensive approach of comparative education that focuses on understanding phenomena in their contexts, without intending a transfer of practices from one country to another, we seek to determine whether the available training programs prepare the subjects adequately toward acquisition of professional skills and career readiness. The study privileges hypothetic-deductive approach. Our empirical data consists of 40 semi-structured interviews of which 30 (15 from each country) collected from future teachers and 10 (5 from each country) from beginning teachers. The qualitative data is analyzed using content analysis. Results show that a majority of future and beginning teachers find their practical training insufficient and not career centered. In spite of this fact, contrary to the Ghanaian public, the Togolese public has positive representations in respect to their theoretical training and career readiness. The results equally reveal that there is a close relationship between teachers' profile prior to training and their representations as regards their training and their career readiness
Guerin, Olivia. "Nomination et catégorisation des realia exotiques dans les récits de voyage (Afrique noire, de la fin du 18e siècle à 1960) : une approche sémantico-discursive." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030085/document.
Full textThe present study explores how reference is constructed in the discursive genre specifiedas travel narrative. A hallmark of the genre is a common posture towards the production of thetext where enunciator-travellers are placed in an asymmetric context between language and cultureand have to give an account of realia (natural species, artefacts, social practices) which are not systematically lexicalized in their own languages or for which they do not have naming competence. They thus tend to present referencing as problematic. In order to describe how incontext enunciators manage to reference “against all odds”, the present dissertation analysesnaming and categorization procedures of exotic realia in a corpus of travel accounts by Frenchtravellers to Black Africa in the colonial period. A discursive semantics is set up based on thepatterning of the three orders, language, textuality and discourse. The present work first builds upa typology of naming patterns implemented in the corpus and is able to show that discursivepractices concerned with naming rest on the language as a system. This first referencing procedureis followed by sequential operations to delimit categories; textual constraints on this secondprocedure are shown up. There follows the analysis of the discursive effects that result from theuse of such linguistic resources and this is done through articulation with the generic dimensionand the enunciative and ideological stances. Finally the analytic tools that have been devised areapplied to the characterization of specific discursive processes in two contrasting texts from thecorpus
Hoxhaj, Rezart. "Essays in international migration." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12019.
Full textThis thesis investigates two topics which are crucial in the context of international migration flows but that have been so far rather neglected by the existing literature. The first topic concerns a fundamental determinant of migration, the expectations of migrants about life and economic conditions in the (potential) destination country. Migrants' perceptions about potential gains at destination influence their propensity to move. The first essay of this thesis sheds light on the mechanisms and determinants that influence immigrants’ expected wages at destination. The second topic addressed in this thesis – developed in the second and third essays – concerns the impact of firms' internationalization on labour migration, with a particular focus on the international movement of skilled workers. More in specific, in the second essay of this thesis, I employ a labour demand approach to understand the firm–level determinants that induce foreign firms to use foreign workers instead of native workers. Our focus on Africa, a growingly important destination in the geography of global investments flows, allows me to shed some lights on the potential pro-development effects of intra-firm international migration. In the third essay, I test empirically a recent theoretical model developed by Jayet and Marchal (2015) which predicts complementarity between capital flows and skilled workers migration flows. The primary objective of this study is to contribute to the debate on the relationship existing between migration and FDI flows. In addition, the analysis investigates some important country characteristics and factors that affect both FDI attraction and skilled worker migration
Konaté, Diola. "Réflexions poétiques de l'Afrique dans l'oeuvre d'un écrivain ethnologue surréaliste : Michel Leiris." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20048.
Full textThe narrator-poet and ethnographer at the same time-in his literary creations and ther works structures around the theme about africa a theory giving a new dynamic value to the authentic reflections expresin, the spiritual and cultural values and the africa heritage-a theory doubly throun into relief in our study on account of michel leiris' double vocation. According to the ethngrapher all aspects described in his travel book as manners and customs, rites and apparent sources of beliefs, exploitation of magic knouledges and resorts to mythical survivals deserve to be taken into account, for they represent basis from which the africa black explains and integrates his naturel environment but also throngh which be states his attachment to his origins. According to the poet the travel throngh the complex circonvolutions of these irrational wealths, beyond the passion for myths and cultures unknoun of that time, becomes a means of being objective towards the rational logic and to reach a better acquaintance of oneself and the then - a poetic experimentation that he carries on even in his dreams (image of the ethnographe
Gansou, Mariel. "Le financement par le marché : essai en droit de l'OHADA à l'aune du droit français." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1007.
Full textIn a comparison with the rules in force in France and Africa, we have studied the law applicable for funding by stock exchanges within the OHADA space in light of the legal systems that have influenced its formation and its "Uniform Acts". The study reveals that the legal parameters affecting OHADA since its creation are much more varied than the mere mention of French law. These parameters are African, European and international. Similarly, the meritorious responses of OHADA to regulatory issues that could inspire French law are highlighted. It can be said that there is no exotic law in this case or either a purely aesthetic system of law, but rather, on the contrary, simply the law. Untouchable like a philosopher's stone, if OHADA is not all powerful as the asperities outlined show, it possesses the qualities of the compass that indicates the way forward. Without necessarily creating a new "uniform act" relating to financial markets, it could, by alternative means, increase the legal and judicial security which are, let us not forget, in its genes
Malanda, Élodie. "La transmission des valeurs dans les romans pour la jeunesse sur l'Afrique subsaharienne (France, Allemagne, 1991-2010). Les pièges de la bonne intention." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA016/document.
Full textFrom travel writing to colonial European novels, Africa has always been used to affirm European values more than to show African realities. What values emerge then from the discourse on sub-Saharan Africa conveyed by the novels for young people published in France and Germany between 1991 – end of the Apartheid – and 2010 – 50th anniversary of the African Independences? How do these novels portray sub-Saharan Africa? And what self-images of Europeans appear through these images of Africa? Many studies insist on the persistence of the colonialist imagination in European cultural productions. This work looks at the extent to which many novels for young people try to distance themselves from the colonial heritage, or to criticize it, and to encourage intercultural understanding between Europeans and Africans and raise awareness of African socio-economic problems. These “good intentions” regularly run into limits and paradoxes. This gives rise to a gap between the values explicitly defended by the texts and those, less praiseworthy, that the texts convey involuntarily. Through a corpus of more than 120 novels for young people about sub-Saharan Africa published in France and Germany, this work identifies the narratological manifestations of this gap and explores ways to reduce it
Angefangen von historischen Reiseberichten bis hin zu den Kolonialromanen steht Afrika in der europäischen Literatur eher als Sinnbild für europäische Werte als für afrikanische Realitäten. Welche Werte wurden zwischen 1991 (dem Ende der Apartheid) und 2010 (dem fünfzigsten Jubiläum der Dekolonisation) im Afrikadiskurs der Kinder- und Jugendromane in Frankreich und Deutschland vermittelt? Welche Afrikabilder überliefern diese Romane? Und vor allem: welches Selbstbildnis der Europäer offenbart sich durch diese Afrikabilder? Viele Studien haben gezeigt, dass der Einfluss des kolonialistischen Erbes in den kulturellen Produktionen Europas immer noch nicht gänzlich verschwunden ist. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass viele der Kinder- und Jugendromane sich einerseits von genau diesem kolonialistischen Erbe distanzieren wollen oder es sogar anprangern, und versuchen damit interkulturelle Arbeit zu leisten. Diese Absicht entwickelt andererseits jedoch häufig ihre eigenen Paradoxe und stößt somit an ihre Grenzen. Das führt zu einer Abweichung zwischen den Werten die explizit, und jenen, die unwillkürlich von den Texten vermittelt werden. Anhand eines Korpus von mehr als 120 Kinder- und Jugendromanen aus Frankreich und Deutschland analysiert diese Arbeit die erzähltheoretischen Merkmale dieser Abweichung und erforscht Möglichkeiten, diese auf narratologischer Ebene zu beheben
Sawadogo, Relwendé. "Essais sur les déterminants et les conséquences macroéconomiques du développement du secteur d’assurance dans les pays en développement." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF10493/document.
Full textThis thesis is composed of a set of research in applied economics that enroll in the contemporary field of economics of insurance. The thesis analyses how developing countries could develop more the insurance sector and benefit from these effects on local economy. The first part explored the determinants of insurance development from a macroeconomic perspective. First, the results show that increase of income per capita leads to an increase in life insurance premiums and that life insurance is a luxury commodity in Sub-Saharan Africa (chapter 2). We also find evidence that the marginal impact of income varies according to the quality of legal and political environment. Second, analysis of effect of the FDI inflows shows that these are a key factor in increase of non-life insurance premiums in countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and in other developing countries (chapter 3). In chapter 4, the results highlighted that the activities of life insurance and banking are substitutable in SSA and, however, there is presence of unidirectional causality running from real private credit density to life insurance and insurance density. The second part of the thesis has analysed effect of development of insurance sector on economy in developing countries. First, it appears that the development of life insurance has a positive effect on economic growth on the one hand and on the other hand marginal effect of life insurance is influenced by the structural characteristics of countries (chapter 5). In chapter 6, the results showed that the insurance premiums significantly increase stock market value traded, before as well and after the 2007's economic crisis. Finally, the thesis showed that there is a long term relationship between the development of non-life insurance and trade openness and that non-life insurance premiums improve openness to international trade as well in developing countries than specifically in low and middle income countries (chapter 7)
Mireault, Ghislain. "Considérations économiques et décolonisation en Afrique subsaharienne, 1956-1960 : la perception des dirigeants français." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16802.
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