Academic literature on the topic 'Investment gap'

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Journal articles on the topic "Investment gap"

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Xu, Xin Cindy, Shiqing Hua, and María Méndez. "Greece's Investment Gap." IMF Working Papers 2022, no. 013 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9798400201257.001.

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Xu, Xinzhe. "The impact of the investment expectation gap on households’ risky financial asset investment." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 21, no. 1 (2024): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.21(1).2024.25.

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Rational household asset allocation is crucial for the accumulation of household wealth. However, there is still a widespread phenomenon of limited participation among households. This paper aims to explore the impact of the investment expectation gap on households’ risky financial asset investment. Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey 2019, this paper systematically investigates the role of the investment expectation gap in risky financial asset investment through the Probit and Tobit models. The study reveals that the investment expectation gap has a significant negative im
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Bhashit, Trivedi. "Study on Gender Investment Gap." Academic 2, no. 12 (2025): 413–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14722951.

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Juisin, Hani Amirah, and Hanudin Amin. "RECEPTIVENESS OF GOLD ACCUMULATION PROGRAM IN MALAYSIA: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION." Labuan Bulletin of International Business and Finance (LBIBF) 18, no. 1 (2020): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/lbibf.v18i1.2692.

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Gold is credence as an essence of deluxe and wealth in the sight of humankind. History has witnessed that gold is one of the best high long-term investment returns. In Malaysia's context, gold investments are broken down into three (3) offerings. These include physical gold investments, gold investment accounts or gold savings accounts and blockchains for improved financial returns of the prospective gold investors or gold investors itself. Public Gold strengthens the emerging popularity of gold investment accounts in Malaysia through the offering of Gold Accumulation Program (GAP) as one of t
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Theobald, Maria, and Henrik Bellhäuser. "Mind the Gap!" Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie 51, no. 4 (2019): 190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000218.

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Abstract. The goal of this study was to investigate the dynamic interplay of affect and time investment during exam preparation using daily learning diaries. University students ( N = 56) reported a simultaneous increase in negative affect as well as intended and actual time investment over the course of the survey period (30 days). Cramming of study time partially accounted for the increase in negative affect. More planning strategies were associated with lower negative and more positive affect. Unmet time schedules predicted higher negative and lower positive affect. Results further revealed
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Allcott, Hunt, and Michael Greenstone. "Is There an Energy Efficiency Gap?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, no. 1 (2012): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.1.3.

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Many analysts of the energy industry have long believed that energy efficiency offers an enormous “win-win” opportunity: through aggressive energy conservation policies, we can both save money and reduce negative externalities associated with energy use. In 1979, Daniel Yergin and the Harvard Business School Energy Project estimated that the United States could consume 30 or 40 percent less energy without reducing welfare. The central economic question around energy efficiency is whether there are investment inefficiencies that a policy could correct. First, we examine choices made by consumer
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M. Palampanga, Anhulaila, and Bakri Hasanuddin. "The domestic resource gap and current transaction deficit in Indonesia in 2010-2014." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 1 (2017): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(1-1).2017.13.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between domestic financial resource gaps and current account balance in Indonesia by using data from 2010 to 2014. Gaps in the domestic economy are classified into three types: 1) the domestic absorptive capacity of the national income gap (GNP), 2) gross national savings and investment gap, 3) private sector gap (private saving minus private investment), and public sector gap (tax minus government spending). By using a concept of open economy that is described in a theoretical framework, the study results show that: 1) the gap absorpt
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Sunarso, Sunarso, Eswanto Sugeng Rahayu, Taufik Taufik, and Irwan Kurniawan. "Gap Analysis Sectoral Shares Index during the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Indonesia Stock Exchange." Jurnal Pengembangan Wiraswasta 22, no. 3 (2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.33370/jpw.v22i3.475.

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The investment risk during the Covid-19 pandemic is difficult to calculate due to increasing uncertainty. The research presents a model that can be used in mitigating short-term investment risk during the Covid-19 Pandemic on the capital market with sectoral gap return base on the difference price between the highest position and the lowest position. The gap may indicate volatility, volume inequality, price abnormalities, directional anomaly, and transaction conspiracy. This paper focused on how to manage portfolio investment risk based on short-term risk mitigation base on gap Analysis of sec
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Chattopadhyay, Subhasankar. "Investment and wage gap in India: a general equilibrium analysis." Indian Growth and Development Review 11, no. 2 (2018): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-12-2017-0104.

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Purpose This paper aims to theoretically find out whether investments could close the formal-informal wage gap in India. Design/methodology/approach The paper builds a general equilibrium model of a developing economy with a large informal sector and a capital-intensive formal sector with sector-specific capital and incorporates endogenous demand. Findings With homothetic preferences, a small initial wage premium and elastic relative demand, investment in the formal sector is likely to close the wage gap, but the gap persists with non-homothetic preferences. However, investment in the informal
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Richardson, Colin, and Peter Romilly. "Investment functions and the profitability gap." Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 31, no. 1 (2008): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pke0160-3477310102.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Investment gap"

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Choden, Phuntsho. "Gender gap in household investment : a study on Bhutan." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/52725/1/Phuntsho_Choden_Thesis.pdf.

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Differing parental considerations for girls and boys in households are perceived as one of the primary causes of the gender gap in school enrolment and educational attainment in developing countries, particularly in the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. While there are a number of studies on the gender gap focusing on education and health provision in the countries in South Asia, little is known about Bhutan. This thesis aims to explore the gender gap in the intra-household allocation of resources on schooling and health provision for children in Bhutan. This thesis investigates
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Mingeli, Benedictus. "Pension fund Investment and infrastructure development in Namibia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32809.

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Developing countries, such as Namibia, need to bridge the existing infrastructure gap to improve the country's comparative advantage, economic growth and competitiveness, quality of life and the welfare of its citizens. As traditional sources of finance dwindle, Pension Fund savings need to be pooled to complement traditional sources of funding, such as government budgetary allocations, borrowing and user fees. Although infrastructure's economic and financial characteristics are a match to Pension Fund liabilities, Namibia's Pension Fund investment in infrastructure lags behind world-class ben
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Ludidi, Daniel Dumisa. "Home ownership in the gap-housing market in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18299.

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The access to adequate housing is a constitutional right, in terms of Section 26 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 108 of 1996. Access to housing in South Africa is still an ideal and not a reality. The increase in housing prices reduces affordability, which creates a barrier to the housing market for South Africans to fully participate. The South African housing market is divided, based on the affordability of households, with a gap within the property market. The gap-housing market is a market, which does not receive a government subsidy; and furthermore, it does n
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Venter, Jan MP. "An analysis of the expectation gap in the personal financial services industry in South Africa / Jan MP Venter." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4346.

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Afful, Ernestina Aba, and Sabahat Nasim. "Determinants of success on Crowdfunding in Europe. : Evidence from Kickstarter Platform." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Centre for Entrepreneurship and Spatial Economics (CEnSE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49065.

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Crowdfunding has become an alternative source of funding for small medium enterprises (SMEs) due to inadequate or lack of finance at its start-up. There has been lot of analysis by scholars pertaining the determinants of crowdfunding success and the objective of this theory is to pinpoint the factors of a successful crowdfunding project based on the most analyzed determinants by prior researchers (technology-based projects, social media and entertainment-based projects, other projects (such as food, publishing, arts), visual features (such as pictures, comments, updates, videos,etc), as well a
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Wilson, Brendan David. "Developing a decision-making model that best closes the gap between strategy and the capital investment procedure for Cadbury South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/406.

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This study addresses the fact that the current Cadbury investment appraisal process does not adequately address the strategic implications of many capital investment decisions. Although attempts are made to quantify, in financial terms, the strategic benefits from a given investment, it appears that many perceived benefits are left out of the appraisal process because they lack precise financial quantification, resulting in managers placing greater reliance on the qualitative dimensions of their investment decision-making such as judgement and intuition. The current Cadbury process is based on
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Єльнікова, Юлія Василівна, Юлия Васильевна Ельникова та Yuliia Vasylivna Yelnikova. "Відповідальне інвестування у контексті реалізації державної інвестиційної політики". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/83660.

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Робота присвячена вирішенню наукової проблеми, що полягає у розробленні методологічних і методичних підходів до реалізації державної інвестиційної політики на засадах відповідального інвестування, спрямованої на досягнення Цілей сталого розвитку. Сформовано методологічні підходи до кластеризації країн, регіонів та державних компаній за рівнем їх привабливості для відповідального інвестування. Запропоновано методологію оцінювання прогресу України у досягненні національних таргетів Цілей сталого розвитку. Доведено гіпотези щодо впливу транспарентності інвестиційного середовища на конкурентоспром
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Rafi, Muhammad Nawaz. "An analysis of linkage between foreign direct investment and GDP per Capita in Pakistan : A time series analysis." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-13865.

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This study aims to investigate the relation between foreign direct investment (FDI) and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in Pakistan. The study is based on a basic Cobb-Douglas production function. Population over age 15 to 64 is used as a proxy for labor in the investigation. The other variables used are gross capital formation, technological gap and a dummy variable measuring among other things political stability. We find positive correlation between GDP per capita in Pakistan and two variables, FDI and population over age 15 to 64. The GDP gap (gap between GDP of USA and GDP of Paki
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Johansson, Elin, and Linnéa Nordin. "Possibilities to Reduce the Information Gap between Foreign Investors & the Swedish Real Estate Market : The Importance of Cooperation with an Operating Partner." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231427.

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This master thesis project aims to evaluate the importance of availability of operating partners for foreign investors as they decide whether or not to make an investment on the Swedish market. The study will also evaluate if the cooperation with operating partners could contribute to a reduction of the information gap between foreign investors and the Swedish real estate market, and if that could ultimately lead to an increase in the inflow of foreign capital to Sweden.  The study includes a literature review where relevant theories for the research question is accounted for as well as an ove
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Petersson, Frida. "Sustainable investments : Transparency regulation as a tool to influence investors to choose sustainable investment funds." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156659.

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In March 2018 the European Commission published the Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth. One of the main objectives with the actions presented in the action plan is to reorient capital flows towards sustainable investments, i.e. to influence more investors to invest sustainably. The action plan was followed by three proposals for transparency regulation regarding an EU taxonomy on sustainability, sustainability benchmarks and sustainability disclosures. Furthermore, the action plan included actions regarding two other transparency measures – sustainability labels and sustainability rat
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Books on the topic "Investment gap"

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Department, Trades Union Congress Economic and Social Affairs. Britain's public investment gap. Trades Union Congress, Economic and Social Affairs Department, 1999.

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Taylor, Lance. Gap disequilibria: Inflation, investment, saving and foreign exchange. World Institute for Development Economics Research of the United Nations University, 1989.

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Richards, Carl. The behavior gap: Simple ways to stop doing dumb things with money. Portfolio/Penguin, 2012.

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Isaac, David. The Thames Gateway and inward investment: Filling the credibility gap. University of Greenwich, 1995.

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Li, Yaling. Human Capital Investment and the Regional Economic Gap in China. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4997-7.

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Protts, Justin. Closing the finance gap: How a national investment bank could support enterprise and raise productivity. Civitas, 2018.

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Rooth, Tim. British public policy and inward direct investment during the 'dollar gap' era. University of Portsmouth, Dept. of Economics, 2000.

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Knill, April M. Can foreign portfolio investment bridge the small firm financing gap around the world ? World Bank, 2005.

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Lin, See Yan. Malaysia, the savings-investment gap, financing needs, and capital market development, 1960-1995. Economics Dept., Bank Negara Malaysia, 1992.

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Konstantinidi, Marina-Elissavet. Closing the Gap: Enhancing the Implementation of Sustainable Development through International Investment Law. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73873-9.

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Book chapters on the topic "Investment gap"

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Glatz, Ulrike, and Siddhartha Sharma. "The Gender Investment Gap." In Theories of Change. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52275-9_23.

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Yang, Ming. "GEF Energy Efficiency Investment Portfolio." In Closing the Gap. Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4516-5_6.

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Ray, Saon, and Deb Mukherji. "FDI and Investment Gap in the EV Sector." In A Primer on Electric Vehicles in India. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8966-5_6.

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Yang, Yuanxi. "Operation Performance Gap and R&D Investment." In Proceedings of the 2022 7th International Conference on Modern Management and Education Technology (MMET 2022). Atlantis Press SARL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-51-0_7.

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Ray, Ronjini, and Ayushi Singh. "Investment Liberalisation in Trade Agreements: Filling a Gap in India’s Approach." In India’s Bilateral Investment Treaties 2.0. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3401-6_6.

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Burnay, Matthieu. "Bridging the gap between investments and human rights protection." In China, the EU and International Investment Law. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429322334-5.

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Chi, Manjiao. "Filling the compatibility gap between IIAs and sustainable development." In Integrating Sustainable Development in International Investment Law. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315642840-9.

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Chi, Manjiao. "Filling the compatibility gap between IIAs and sustainable development." In Integrating Sustainable Development in International Investment Law. Routledge, 2017. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315642840-12.

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Liang, Xi, and Hannah Gao. "11. Assessing the Quality of Green Finance Standards." In Greening Europe. Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0328.11.

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X. Liang and Z. Gao in Chapter 11 argue that climate change is one of the greatest challenges that humans are facing in this century. Mobilising investment and finance in addressing climate issues is key to unlocking actions on climate change across countries. The estimated investment required to achieve the climate mitigation goal established in the Paris Agreement ranges from US$1.6 trillion to US$3.8 trillion annually from 2016 to 2050, while the tracked annual flow of climate finance is US$579 billion on average. Despite significant growth in climate finance flows, the gap remains substant
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Li, Yaling. "International Comparison of Human Capital Investment." In Human Capital Investment and the Regional Economic Gap in China. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4997-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Investment gap"

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Hopej, Kaja, Katarzyna Malinowska, and Michal Szwajewski. "Space Economy in Emerging Space Ecosystems - Filling the Gap of New Space Investments Through Investment Banking Initiatives." In IAF Businesses and Innovation Symposium, Held at the 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2024). International Astronautical Federation (IAF), 2024. https://doi.org/10.52202/078383-0005.

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Pilvere, Irina, Ilze Upite, Aleksejs Nipers, and Aija Pilvere. "INVESTMENT PROMOTION AND ATTRACTION TO BIOECONOMY INDUSTRIES IN LATVIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.69.

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Investments made in response to climate change could help to foster environment-friendly business practices. Therefore, bioeconomy industries are considered crucial for achieving climate neutrality in Europe by 2050. Accordingly, bioeconomy strategies have been designed in many countries, including in Latvia. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to examine the investment environment and the amounts of gross investment made in bioeconomy industries, as well as foreign direct investment attracted to Latvia to contribute to the implementation of the Latvian Bioeconomy Strategy 2030. The
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Murthy, Nori VSN. "Calculate Allowable Stress, Quit Factor of Safety." In HT 2013, edited by B. Lynn Ferguson. ASM International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2013p0029.

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Abstract This paper introduces two simplified equations, "Nori formulae," for calculating maximum allowable stress (MAS) in mechanical design engineering. These formulae eliminate the need for traditional safety margins or factors of safety along with factored values across applications ranging from safety pins to spacecraft components. The first formula determines the maximum allowable stress in tension, while the second addresses the maximum allowable stress in shear. The Nori formulae were developed by incorporating fundamental mechanical properties of steel: ultimate tensile strength, yiel
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Oates, Brenden, Braulio Vera Garcia, Marilyn Smith, and Juergen Rauleder. "Efforts Toward a Piecewise Reduced-Order Model for Unsteady, Complex Ship Airwakes." In Vertical Flight Society 81st Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-278.

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The complex and turbulent ship airwakes make shipboard rotorcraft launch and recovery difficult for even the most seasoned pilots. One of the main challenges to using flight simulation to train pilots is the real-time accurate prediction of the ship airwake. A real-time, accurate methodology that is able to operate on personal computers without computational meshing is being developed for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) applications. The early success of this novel approach indicates that it may be well-suited to meet the challenge of dynamic interface (DI) applications as well. To explore this, a
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Bass, G. N., and G. C. Maddux. "A Case History and Economic Evaluation of Fiberglass Tubing in Gas Well Service." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90048.

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Abstract Corrosion induced problems have caused failures in many oil and gas investments. Carbon dioxide has been one of the corrosive mediums that contribute to the failure of steel tubulars, even when the carbon dioxide concentration is low. Situations exist where corrosion inhibitor treatments do not provide the corrosion protection needed for optimum production and return of investment. Other techniques are available to reduce, minimize or eliminate corrosion. New technology is available and can provide a broader spectrum of material selections for combating internal corrosion. Several eco
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Wang, Yifan, Marvin Volkmer, D�rthe Franzisca Hagedorn, Christiane Reinert, and Niklas von der Assen. "RiNSES4: Rigorous Nonlinear Synthesis of Energy Systems for Seasonal Energy Supply and Storage." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.105466.

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The synthesis of energy systems necessitates simultaneous optimization of both design and operation across all components within the energy system. In real-world applications, this synthesis poses a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, considering nonlinear behaviours such as investment cost curves and part-load performance. The complexity increases further when seasonal energy storage is involved, as it requires temporal coupling of the full time series. Although numerous solution approaches exist to solve the synthesis problems simplified by linearization, methods for solving
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Hatle, Loren L. "Surface Decontamination Significantly Reduces Vulnerability to CUI." In Coatings+ 2021. SSPC, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2021-00034.

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Abstract CUI (corrosion under insulation) is a pervasive, difficult and high-liability issue for petrochemical, power, shipping, and other industries. Situational variations (meteorological, geographical, seasonal, etc.) can confound conventionally specified surface preparation attempts to achieve perfect or near-perfect metal hygiene, thus reducing expected coating life by 30 to 75 percent. Because conventional surface preparation processes have historically been unable to adequately relieve microcontamination of metal surfaces, organizations have settled for an uneasy balance between economi
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Dabbas, Aktham. "Community Ownership and the Infrastructure Investment Gap." In Construction Blockchain Conference 2021. Design Computation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.ehqj3688.

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We stand on the brink of humanity’s most fundamental transformation to the built environment since the beginning of time. In communities around the world, existing governmental funds cover only a fraction of the cost needed to develop critical infrastructure, with local leaders given limited means and flexibility to adequately address deteriorating services to their communities. As a result, public-private partnerships have become key to addressing sub-national and municipal infrastructure challenges. In authoritarian political systems, centralized planning has expedited reform processes to pr
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Lei, Tian, and Huang Hai. "Income, income gap, and employment under public investment." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5882155.

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Rukare, Daniel, and Lisa Steinhauser. "From Gap to Gain: Advancing Gender Equity in Venture Capital Investing." In 2024 AHFE International Conference on Human Factors in Design, Engineering, and Computing (AHFE 2024 Hawaii Edition). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005736.

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The persistent gender funding gap in the United Kingdom's venture capital sector represents a significant economic and ethical challenge, hindering the realization of substantial new value and exposing systemic inequities. Despite growing awareness and evidence suggesting that women-founded businesses perform equally well or better, growth in investments in such enterprises remains slow. While existing research predominantly explores founder- and funder-driven causes of this gap, limited focus has been placed on effective remedies and the role of venture capitalists' perspectives in addressing
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Reports on the topic "Investment gap"

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Abonyi, George. Bridging Thailand’s infrastructure investment gap. East Asia Forum, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1720260000.

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Fatih, Yilmaz, Fahad Alswaina, Fateh Belaid, Mohammad Hejazi, Mari Luomi, and Salaheddine Soummane. Closing the Investment Gap to Achieve Paris Agreement Goals. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp19.

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This study aims to assess the alignment of global sustainable financial flows with transition investment priorities. First, we identify investment gaps based on the difference between the required annual investment to meet global net-zero emissions (NZE) targets and current investment flows. Our assessment reveals that nearly all countries must significantly accelerate their efforts, as their current investment levels fall short of what is required. Second, and perhaps more importantly, investment gaps are particularly large for non-Annex I (developing) countries. Financing these large-scale i
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Carvalho, Joana, and Gerardo Reyes-Tagle. Risk Matrix and PPP Contract Standardization, Best Practice, and Gap Analysis in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004213.

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Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have been used to address the need for the implementation of huge investment programs and to bridge the infrastructure gap that exists in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. As is explained throughout this paper, under certain circumstances, PPPs represent an important tool to help governments implement their investment programs, thereby benefiting not only from private investment (which often includes foreign investment) but also from the various advantages that are typically associated with the PPP model. However, the need to secure financing for
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Irazábal Briceño, Irene, Jimena Serrano, and Synthia Kariny Silva de Santana. Characterizing the Afro-Brazilian Digital Inclusion Gap and Assessing Investment Opportunities. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013052.

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This study assesses the extent of digital inclusion among Afro-Brazilian populations and businesses, and the market opportunity that improved digital inclusion represents. It aims to understand how investments in digital infrastructure, business transformation, and skills can effectively reduce the digital divide and empower Afro-Brazilians, thereby contributing to broader socio-economic development. To do so, the study examines the current status of digital inclusion among Afro-Brazilian individuals and businesses, the current state of the telecommunications infrastructure, and the state of d
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Davidson, Kristiane, Nabilla Gunawan, Julia Ambrosano, and Leisa Souza. Green Infrastructure Investment Opportunities: Brazil 2019. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002638.

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Green investment opportunities can help to close the country's infrastructure funding gap and also meet its climate commitments. The Green Infrastructure Investment Opportunities - Brazil 2019 was developed to facilitate the engagement between project owners and developers, and investors. The report analyses the development of the sustainable finance market in Brazil, and the investment opportunities in green infrastructure across four key sectors: low carbon transport, renewable energy, sustainable water management, and sustainable waste management for energy generation. Moreover, it also lis
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Fioravanti, Reinaldo, Carolina Lembo, and Akash Deep. Filling the Infrastructure Investment Gap: the Role of Project Preparation and Structuring Facilities. Inter-American Development Bank, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001590.

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Rodríguez-Clare, Andrés, and William Maloney. Innovation Shortfalls. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010999.

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There is a common perception that low productivity or low growth is due to what can be called an innovation shortfall, usually identified as a low rate of investment in research and development (R&D) compared with some high-innovation countries. The usual reaction to this perceived problem is to call for increases in R&D investment rates, usually specifying a target that can be as high as 3 percent of GDP. The problem with this analysis is that it fails to see that a low R&D investment rate may be appropriate given the economy's pattern of specialization, or may be just
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Canto, Patricia, ed. Incentives for investment in clean technologies. Universidad de Deusto, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/sbem3499.

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The fulfilment of the commitment to decarbonization at a global level implies the need to invest in clean technologies on a global scale that requires large volumes of financing in a complex context where there are significant technological uncertainties, and the distribution of resources is not homogeneous around the world. Against this backdrop, incentives for investment in clean technologies are an instrument that, when properly designed, can boost private investment to achieve environmental goals. This report addresses the funding needs for investment in clean technologies, the current fin
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Neumark, David, and Giannina Vaccaro. The Career Evolution of the Sex Gap in Wages: Discrimination vs. Human Capital Investment. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28191.

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Vivarelli, Marco, Mariacristina Piva, and Massimiliano Tani. The role of business visits in fostering R&D investment. UNU-MERIT, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53330/dtmt2556.

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Labor mobility is considered a powerful channel to acquire external knowledge and trigger complementarities in the innovation and R&D investment strategies; however, the extant literature has focused on either scientists’ mobility or migration of high-skilled workers, while virtually no attention has been devoted to the possible role of short-term business visits. Using a unique and novel database originating a country/sector unbalanced panel over the period 1998-2019 (for a total of 8,316 longitudinal observations), this paper aims to fill this gap by testing the impact of BVs on R&D
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