Academic literature on the topic 'Investment loans'

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Journal articles on the topic "Investment loans"

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Dr., Vandana Sethi. "MFI's Loans: Evaluating Adequacy, Utilization and Repayment Pattern among Urban Poor Households." Social Science Journal for Advanced Research 4, no. 4 (2024): 41–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13771289.

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Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) offer loans to impoverished individuals for small enterprise investments and consumption expenses. Investment-oriented loans can create jobs and income for poor households while ensuring high repayment rates for MFIs. However, studies suggest that microloans are often too small for effective investment, failing to improve living standards significantly in the long term. This study evaluates the sufficiency, utilization patterns, and repayment trends of MFI loans. Using primary data from 104 households in Delhi slums collected in 2016, the descriptive analysis r
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Onikiienko, Serhii, Mykhailo Dyba, and Iuliia Gernego. "Econometric modelling of bank activities: value-based approach to the problem loans terms’ rescheduling." SHS Web of Conferences 107 (2021): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110709002.

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The permanent state of the financial crisis has predictably brought to the forefront such traditional problem of banking as problem loans. This research aims to work out an econometric approach to the solution of the problem of loans terms’ rescheduling. For this purpose, we, firstly, treated credit as a bank’s investment project with cashflows’ chart including initial outflow (principal) and following inflows represented by loan payments. Secondly, we combined the schematic representation of loan’s cashflows with NPV formula accustomed to loan’s cashflows and it allowed to create the economet
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David Gibson Nababan, Vetric Styven Silaban, Bunga Meylani Br Surbakti, Selvina Audina Nasution, and Sabda Siahaan. "Analysis of Bad Credit at PT. State Savings Bank (BTN)." Indonesian Journal of Business Analytics 3, no. 5 (2023): 1995–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ijba.v3i5.4155.

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Bad credit (non-performing loans) at Bank BTN is a reason for investment decisions for the public and investors. By knowing bad credit in a company, it provides clearer information for making investments. This research was conducted to provide information about bad credit at BTN bank, which is one of the most trusted banks in Indonesia. It is hoped that this research will help the public increase their competency in how to invest through the value of bad credit or non-performing loans. This research aims to analyze the influence of bad credit on investment decisions at BTN bank. The research m
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Ge, Wenxia, Tony Kang, Gerald J. Lobo, and Byron Y. Song. "Investment decisions and bank loan contracting." Asian Review of Accounting 25, no. 2 (2017): 262–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-03-2016-0027.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how a firm’s investment behavior relates to its subsequent bank loan contracting. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of US firms during the period 1992-2011, the authors examine the association between overinvestment (underinvestment) and three characteristics of bank loan contracts: loan spread, collateral requirement, and loan maturity. Findings The authors find that overinvesting firms obtain loans with higher loan spreads. Additional tests show that the effect of overinvestment on loan spreads is generally more pronounced in firms wit
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Jaszczuk, Joanna, Anna Białek-Jaworska, Krzysztof Opolski, Marek Sylwestrzak, and Katarzyna Trzpioła. "Leasing Puzzle in Polish Small Firms Listed on the Alternative Market." Central European Economic Journal 5, no. 52 (2019): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2018-0006.

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Abstract In this article, we study the substitution between leasing and bank loans in financing the investment of small companies. The analysis is based on financial information about Polish companies listed on NewConnect, which used financial leasing in the period of 2012–2016. We argue that leasing and bank loans are the substitute in financing the investment of small companies. We estimate the probability of financial leasing and its size using the tobit and logit models. We find that financial leasing and bank loan, for Polish small companies, are complementarity. Our empirical results ind
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Rukmana, Mardianti, Sri Ulfa Sentosa, and Melti Roza Adry. "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penyaluran Kredit Investasi pada Bank Persero di Indonesia." Ecosains: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 8, no. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ecosains.11508057.00.

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This research purpose are to the analyse the minimum reserves, inflation, third parties fund and interest rates on investment loans in terms of lending of investment loans in State Banks in Indonesia. Methods that being used are Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the estimation results show that minimum reserves has a significant on the lending of investment loans in State Banks in Indonesia, inflation has a not significant on the lending of investment loans in State Banks in Indonesia, third parties fund has a significant on the lending of investment loans in State Banks in Indonesia, and interest
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Katsamakas, Evangelos, and J. Manuel Sánchez-Cartas. "Network Formation and Financial Inclusion in P2P Lending: A Computational Model." Systems 10, no. 5 (2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10050155.

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What characteristics of fintech lending platforms improve access to funding and increase financial inclusion? We build a computational model of platform lending that is used to study the endogenous loan network formation process on the platform. Given the multidimensional nature of financial inclusion, we address what factors influence the number of loans, the level of investment/debt, and how those relate to the distribution of investment/debt across agents. We find that platform scale and SME reach are essential in determining the number of loans on the platform. However, the willingness to
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Wulan, Mutiasari Nur, Nindytia Puspitasari Dalimunthe, Tedi Rusman, and Nurdin Nurdin. "Edukasi Financial Ilegal Dalam Bentuk Pinjaman Online dan Investasi Online Berdasarkan Penilaian Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) Pada Koperasi Kelompok Wanita Tani “Melati Jaya” Kelurahan Sukamenanti Baaru Kecamatan Kedaton Kota Bandar Lampung." BEGAWI : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (2023): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/begawi.v1i1.12.

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Currently, Fintech does not only enter Banking Financial Institutions, but also Non-Bank Financial Institutions. This can be seen in Financial Technology products circulating on social media, namely online loans and online investments. This condition actually provides convenience to the community, but there is also a negative impact, namely people who are trapped in online loans and online investments. There are many findings of online loan products and illegal online investments, this creates unrest in the community. Therefore, there is a need for education regarding illegal online loans and
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Aganbegyan, A. G. "Prospects for Innovative Development of Russia (Part II)." Russian competition law and economy, no. 2 (June 23, 2023): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47361/2542-0259-2023-2-34-16-27.

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The article explores the problems of resuming socio-economic growth in Russia based on the intensification of scientific and technological innovative development. A detailed analysis of the state of the Russian national economy in recent decades is given, the reasons for Russia's lag behind developed countries are revealed.The work shows the role of investments in fixed assets and investments in the industry of the "knowledge economy" in ensuring the innovative development of the country, as well as justifies their possibility in Russia at the expense of a number of sources: bank assets, forei
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Aganbegyan, A. G. "Prospects for Innovative Development of Russia (Part I)." Russian competition law and economy, no. 1 (March 29, 2023): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47361/2542-0259-2023-1-33-8-21.

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The article explores the problems of resuming socio-economic growth in Russia based on the intensification of scientific and technological innovative development. A detailed analysis of the state of the Russian national economy in recent decades is given, the reasons for Russia's lag behind developed countries are revealed.The work shows the role of investments in fixed assets and investments in the industry of the "knowledge economy" in ensuring the innovative development of the country, as well as justifies their possibility in Russia at the expense of a number of sources: bank assets, forei
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Investment loans"

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Lazareva, E. "Modern problems of the investment bank loans." Thesis, Ukrainian Academy of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61270.

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One of the most important functional forms of bank credits is an investment. Commercial banks, mortgage banks, development banks and some other credit and financial institutions provide investment to entrepreneurs for the implementation of various innovative projects. This form of bank credits plays a crucial role in the development of a market economy.
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Перзеке, М. "Розвиток банківського інвестиційного кредитування в Україні". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/51348.

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Перед економікою України сьогодні стоїть важливе завдання підвищення конкурентоспроможності вітчизняної продукції на світовому ринку, що потребує значних обсягів інвестицій на модернізацію виробничих комплексів та розвиток національної інфраструктури. Зважаючи на дефіцит державного бюджету України, незначні обсяги інвестування іноземного капіталу в економіку України через низький рівень державного та корпоративних міжнародних кредитних рейтингів, низькі темпи нарощування власного інвестиційного капіталу суб’єктів господарювання, основним джерелом інвестиційних ресурсів для підприємств стає бан
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Wu, Hsiang-Ying. "An investigation of regulatory changes and real estate credit in episodes of financial instability." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36632119.

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Azapmo, Jean Bertrand. "World Bank governance conditionality, sovereignty of borrowing states and effectiveness of investment loans: an analysis of the Chad-IBRD loan agreement." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3256_1215763037.

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<p>Thirty years after it has achieved its independence, the Republic of Chad, which has faced a long political instability, decided to exploit its oil resources in order to achieve its development objectives. Owing to the difficulties encountered in mobilizing financial resources for the realization of the project, the Government obtained from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) a loan US$39.5 millions. The loan Agreement, signed between the two parties on 29 March 2001 included a provision referring to the Petroleum Revenue Management Program, described in schedul
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Wu, Hsiang-Ying, and 吳香穎. "An investigation of regulatory changes and real estate credit in episodes of financial instability." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36632119.

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Müller, Olaf. "The role and significance of secondary mortgages in the Hong Kong economy /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2594096x.

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Vemuri, Avinash. "Dissecting Sino-African Economic Relations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2108.

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In the last 15 years, China has greatly expanded their economic integration with Africa through a multi-dimensional approach. This paper utilizes a fixed effects approach to formally assess the impact of Chinese trade, foreign direct investment, loans, construction and engineering contracts, and labor in Africa on economic growth and human development in 50 African countries. This paper combines data from the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI), China-Africa Research Initiative (CARI) at John’s Hopkins University, and the UN Human Development Report (HDI) covering the years 2003 to 2
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McGregor, Heather Jane. "Networks as a source of competitive advantage in investment banking: a study of the syndicated loan market inAsia 1994-1997 from a social network perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30088276.

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Rodas, Saa Christian S. "Ecuador’s Trade and Investment Relationship with China Under the Correa Administration." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1525795713562622.

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Gaspar, João Victor Santos Costa. "The impact of real estate market in financial stability : commercial banks exposure." Master's thesis, FEUC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/30728.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Economia, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, sob a orientação de Hélder Sebastião.<br>This paper studies key factors and spillovers concerning the real estate market connection to the banking system, in four very different European countries. Nowadays, banks are strongly engaged in housing related activities, therefore changes in real estate value most probably have a non-trivial impact on bank´s profitability, either through direct investment or due to housing related loans. Using monthly data since 2000 until 2014 for four countries (Fr
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Books on the topic "Investment loans"

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Harrold, Peter. The broad sector approach to investment lending: Sector investment programs. World Bank, 1995.

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Bank, World, ed. The broad sector approach to investment lending: Sector investment programs. World Bank, 1995.

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Office, General Accounting. Investment by an REA cooperative. The Office, 1994.

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Office, Great Britain National Investment and Loans. National Investment and Loans Office: Spring supplementary estimate. Stationery Office, 2002.

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Chamness, Robert P. Fair lending and community investment compliance manual. American Bankers Association, 1991.

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Eisenson, Marc. A banker's secret: Your mortgage is a great investment. Good Advice Press, 1989.

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Tse, Yiu Kuen. Know your interest: A guide to loans and investment. Singapore University Press, 1997.

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Great Britain. National Investment and Loans Office. National Investment and Loans Office resource accounts 2000-2001. Stationery Office, 2001.

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Schiff, Maurice W. Commodity exports and the adding-up problem in LDCs: Trade, investment and lending policy. World Bank, International Economics Dept., International Trade Division, 1994.

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Phillips, Wayne. Government loans: The road to real estate wealth. Simon and Schuster, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Investment loans"

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Karamujic, Muharem H. "Introduction to Contemporary Residential Mortgage (Home Loans) Lending Products." In Housing Affordability and Housing Investment Opportunity in Australia. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137517937_4.

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Jakubowski, Andrzej. "The European Investment Bank loans, regional economic growth, and cohesion in the European Union." In Deciphering the European Investment Bank. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003231592-9.

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Li, Hangwei. "Chinese Economic Engagement with Zambia: Loans, Investment and the Future." In Palgrave Studies in African and Development Economics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-93030-0_8.

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Scott-Quinn, Brian. "Converting Loans to Securities: Securitisation as a Financing Tool." In Commercial and Investment Banking and the International Credit and Capital Markets. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-37048-7_9.

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Li, Guo-yi, and Jing Sui. "Research on the Effects of the Fixed Asset Investment on the Nonperforming Loans Ratio." In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 2015. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-177-2_10.

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Liang, Xi, and Hannah Gao. "11. Assessing the Quality of Green Finance Standards." In Greening Europe. Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0328.11.

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X. Liang and Z. Gao in Chapter 11 argue that climate change is one of the greatest challenges that humans are facing in this century. Mobilising investment and finance in addressing climate issues is key to unlocking actions on climate change across countries. The estimated investment required to achieve the climate mitigation goal established in the Paris Agreement ranges from US$1.6 trillion to US$3.8 trillion annually from 2016 to 2050, while the tracked annual flow of climate finance is US$579 billion on average. Despite significant growth in climate finance flows, the gap remains substant
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Wallis, W. D. "Investments: Loans." In Mathematics in the Real World. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8529-2_15.

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Wei, Shen, and Zhang Beibei. "Another Hole in China's “Great Wall of Money”? Conceptualizing the Involvement of Foreign Investments in the Chinese Non-Performing Loans Market Under the US–China Trade Deal." In China's Foreign Investment Law in the New Normal. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003130499-5.

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Ali, Murad. "Monitoring and Evaluation in South-South Cooperation: The Case of CPEC in Pakistan." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_13.

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AbstractPakistan is a key country in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) where the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is under implementation. An investment model of financing through loans, grants and private investments, CPEC is an example of South-South cooperation (SSC) having a number of benefits for both countries. Aimed at developing energy, industry, and communication infrastructure, the corridor initially valued at $46 billion but is now worth $62 billion. CPEC is expected to contribute significantly to socio-economic development and regional connectivity and trade. The main r
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Peeters, Ruben, and Rogier van Kooten. "Looking for Dark Matter Credit: Exploring Notarial Credit Markets in Antwerp and Its Surroundings ca. 1835." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Finance. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67117-3_12.

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AbstractThis chapter investigates the notarial credit markets in Antwerp and its environs during the early nineteenth century, with a focus on their structure, functioning, and flows. Prior to the twentieth century, notarial credit markets played a significant role in supplying substantial investment capital to both firms and households. However, knowledge regarding these markets, particularly outside of France, is limited. Leveraging a newly compiled dataset of notarized loans, we employ descriptive statistics, geographical mapping, and social network analysis to analyze the dynamics of the c
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Conference papers on the topic "Investment loans"

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Baete, C., G. Haynes, and Jonathan Marmillo. "Unmasking AC Threats on Petrochemical Pipelines." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16817.

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Abstract Buried pipelines installed in high-voltage corridors generally experience a continuous safety and corrosion threat. Powerline data must be requested from different utilities, the ensuing data may be limited challenging or impossible to obtain. This often results in over or under design of the AC Mitigation systems. After installation, a pipeline operator ‘hopes for the best' regarding acceptable powerline operating conditions. However, powerline loads, and phasing may unexpectedly change without notice, further exacerbating risks. These events might be detected during ad-hoc monitorin
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Alobaidy, Ali. "The Impact of Economic Spending on Investment in Iraq for the Period 2005-2020." In ‎4th International Conference on ‎Administrative ‎& Financial Sciences. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/icafs2023/paper.900.

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The Iraqi agricultural sector suffers from a package of challenges that require the state to intervene, direct and indirect, financial, informational and technological support, and direct more investments for the purpose of its development and facing those challenges. Public and private direct investments witnessed a significant decline due to a number of economic, social and political factors, which led to a deterioration in production and a decrease in its contribution to the gross domestic product. Iraq became dependent on global markets to provide its food security at very high rates, whic
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Alihodzić, Almir, and Emina Hadzić. "Determinants of the Financial Stability of the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina." In 10th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2024.71.

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This paper investigates the impact of explanatory variables that determine the financial stability of the banking sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the possibility of controlling credit risk, which is a threat to the stability of the financial system for the period from 2009 to 2019 on a quarterly basis. Correlation and panel regression analysis are also applied in this paper. The selected independent (explanatory) variables are the growth rate of savings of the household sector, the growth rate of foreign direct investments, the growth rate of exports, the growth rate of total loans, the
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Pospelov, Igor, and Aleksandra Zhukova. "Model of optimal producer’s behavior in the presence of random moments of receiving loans and investment*." In 2020 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc51009.2020.9143969.

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Ismail, S., R. Ali, M. H. Bakri, and M. N. Azman. "Securitizing Higher Educational Loans for Cheaper Cost of Financing and Higher Return on Investment in Malaysia." In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management Science. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/itms-15.2015.4.

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Labudović Stanković, Jasmina. "Investicioni portfolio mortgage reits." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.149ls.

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The mortgage REITs portfolio consists of mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities. In this paper we present their specificities. We also draw attention to the controversy surrounding the possible substitutability of mortgage REITs and equity REITs portfolios. We point out the importance of the state's role in the mortgage market. Mortgage REITs, once very popular, have survived the 2007-2008 financial crisis, much harder than equity REITs. This was the reason why the author decided to present the features of the mortgage REITs investment portfolio (mortgage loans and mortgage-backed secur
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Mensorale, Opeoluwa, and Victor Odumuyiwa. "Borrowers' Loan Repayment Coefficient Prediction Using Machine Learning." In International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. Machine Intelligence Research Group (MIRG), 2023. https://doi.org/10.52968/15064183.

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Nano loan and unsecured loans is a fast-growing trend in the Nigeria fintech space. User creditworthiness and loan default is a problem for the whole industry. Traditional credit scoring methods have limitations in assessing the creditworthiness of diverse applicants by Loan Credit officers. In most cases, businesses lose money due to high defaults in customer loans on their loan investment portfolios. The loan repayment coefficient is a measurement of how soon a user is likely to repay a loan based on the user's historical data or similar users in the same demographic data historical data. Th
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Ptasica, Tatjana. "Analysis of relationship models between the macroeconomic indicators and Non-performing loans in the Commercial banks of Cyprus." In Proceedings of the International Scientific-Practical Conference “Business Cooperation as a Resource of Sustainable Economic Development and Investment Attraction” (ISPCBC 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ispcbc-19.2019.11.

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Karanović, Goran, Elvis Mujačević, and Emma Superina. "Attitudes and Knowledge of Young People Towards Credit." In 7th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2023 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2023.379.

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The research was conducted to examine the knowledge and at­titude of young people towards credit. The total sample of respondents is 77 young people, and the survey was conducted with the help of a struc­tured online questionnaire among the student population. The results indi­cate the importance of saving, but also the lack of practice among the sur­veyed population. There is room for improving knowledge related to loans and creditworthiness as well as more complex financial terms. A lack of knowledge about investments in securities and investment funds was ob­served. The limitations of this
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Covaliov, Sveatoslav. "Participating whole life insurance as a tax-sheltered investment risk-transfer strategy." In Modern finance from the perspective of sustainability of national economies. International Scientific Conference. Academy of Economic Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53486/mfsne2024.27.

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Since the turn of the century, the scale of household debt increased drastically for the vast majority of OECD countries (OECD, 2024a). Household debt refers to the financial liabilities of a household that require payments to creditors at a fixed date in the future (OECD, 2024a), which primarily consists of mortgages, car and education loans, and credit card debt. For as long as an individual is able to earn income and fulfill their financial obligations to creditors, their household debt can be managed. In the event of their death however, one of the very first responsibilities of the surviv
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Reports on the topic "Investment loans"

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Aparicio, Gabriela, Vida Bobić, Fernando De Olloqui, et al. Liquidity or Capital?: The Impacts of Easing Credit Constraints in Rural Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003336.

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This paper evaluates the effectiveness of easing credit constraints for rural producers in Mexico through loans provided by a national public development finance institution. In contrast to most of the existing literature, the study focuses on the effect of medium-sized loans over a two- to four-year time horizon. This paper looks at the effects of such loans on production and investment decisions, input use, and yields. Using a multiple treatment methodology, it explores the differential impacts of providing liquidity for working capital versus providing credit for investments in fixed assets
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Antunes, Pedro Eiras. European Investment Bank (EIB): A Long Term Presence in Portugal. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006722.

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Presentation delivered during the event "Experiencias de Provisión y Financiamiento de Infraestructura bajo Alianzas Publico-Privadas", held at the Inter-American Development Bank headquarters, Washington D.C., USA, December 8-9, 2005. It describes the relationship between Portugal and the European Investment Bank. The former has been wholly classified as a regional development area and, as a consequence, all loans have benefited from the "Regional Development" eligibility criteria, allowing for maximization of lending in proportion to eligible project costs.
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Lora, Eduardo. Public Investment in Infrastructure in Latin America: Is Debt the Culprit? Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010876.

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Panel data for seven Latin American countries are used to assess the influence of public indebtedness on public investment in infrastructure in the period 1987-2001. Debt increases are associated with higher public infrastructure investment, an effect that is robust to the inclusion of many other fiscal and macroeconomic variables. This paper also finds some evidence of complementarity between public and private investment and of the negative effect of IMF adjustment loans on infrastructure expenditures. No evidence is found that debt defaults affect public investment in infrastructure
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Motta Café, Renata. Access to Loans and Local Development: Evidence from Brazilian Municipalities. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013241.

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Limited access to credit has been identified as a major constraint to sustainable municipal development, but empirical evidence on the effectiveness of credit operations remains inconclusive. This paper evaluates the impact of federal government guaranteed loans on public expenditures. Using data from Brazilian municipalities and a regression discontinuity design that leverages a discontinuity in the eligibility criteria for federal government guarantees, I show that the loans have a positive impact on the quality of local expenditure and social outcome indicators. This impact is characterized
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Cabrera, Wilmar, Santiago Gamba, Camilo Gómez, and Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas. Examining Macroprudential Policy through a Microprudential Lens. Banco de la República, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1212.

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In this paper, we examine the financial and real effects of macroprudential policies with a new identifying strategy that exploits borrower-specific provisioning levels for each bank. Locally, we compare similar firms just below and above regulatory thresholds established in Colombia during 2008--2018 for the corporate credit portfolio. Our results indicate that the scheme induces banks to increase the provisioning cost of downgraded loans. This implies that, for loans with similar risk but with a discontinuously lower rating, banks offer a lower amount of credit, demand higher quality guarant
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Gómez, Camilo, María Fernanda Meneses-González, Andrés Murcia, Carlos Quicazán-Moreno, Angie Rozada, and Hernando Vargas-Herrera. Some trends and patterns of firm financing in Colombia. Banco de la República, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1274.

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After a protracted period of financial deepening following a financial crisis at the end of the 20th century, the ratio of corporate bank loans to GDP in Colombia stagnated between 2016 and 2019. In this paper, we explore if firms have substituted bank loans for other financial instruments or if there has been a deleveraging process. From a longer-term growth perspective, we also aim to investigate whether fast-growing firms differ from others in terms of their financial leverage. We find that the decline in the ratio of bank corporate loans to GDP is related to a substitution of funding sourc
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Bernal, Richard L. Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the Caribbean: Potential and Prospects. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009313.

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China has recently become the third largest source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world and is a major source of development aid for developing countries, including those in the Caribbean. The capital flows it provides have taken the form of loans to governments to finance infrastructure projects and to expand production of oil and other raw materials. There have been indications of interest in further investment in the Caribbean from Chinese enterprises and entrepreneurs. This is driven by both state policy, which seeks to more actively integrate China into the global economy, and
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Bonomo, Marco, Ricardo Brito, and Bruno Martins. Macroeconomic and Financial Consequences of the Post-Crisis Government-Driven Credit Expansion in Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011682.

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Government-driven credit played an important role in countervailing the private credit crunch in Brazil during the recent financial crisis. However, government credit concessions continued to expand after the economy recovered. This paper investigates some important features of this expansion using a huge repository of loan contracts between banks and firms, composing an unbalanced panel of almost 1 million firms between 2004 and 2012. The results show that larger, older and less risky firms have benefited most from the government-sponsored credit expansion. Additionally, although higher acces
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Kürsat Önder, Yasin, Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas, and Jose Villegas. Debt Moratorium: Theory and Evidence. Banco de la República, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1253.

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Our study analyzes the impact of debt moratorium policies, possibly the oldest approach to addressing repayment problems. Using Colombian administrative data, we compare firms that narrowly met the criteria for moratoria (eligible firms could not exceed 60 days overdue on their loans) with those that just missed it. Our findings reveal that stressed firms accessing moratoria experience more favorable loan conditions on subsequent borrowing, characterized by higher loan amounts and lower interest rates. This credit relief, in turn, contribute to substantial increases in firm investment and empl
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Cumberbatch, Janice, Cassandra Rogers, Maja Schling, et al. A Retrospective Stated Preference Approach to Assessment of Coastal Infrastructure Investments: An Application to Barbados. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011762.

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Ex-post economic impact evaluations are standard requirements for loans and grants from multilateral international development institutions. In many cases, however, lack of sufficient baseline or historical data, or the very nature of the investment itself renders orthodox economic impact evaluation approaches unviable. Nonetheless, evaluations are required to provide an indication of the benefits generated by the investment and insights for future program design. Addressing this challenge, this paper develops an ecosystem service, retrospective stated preferences approach to assess the benefi
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