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Books on the topic 'Investment types'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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1

Foreign investment: Types, methods, and impacts. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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2

Behavioral finance and investor types: Managing behavior to make better investment decisions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2012.

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3

Office, General Accounting. Functional regulation: An analysis of two types of pooled investment funds : report to members of Congress. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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4

Phillips, Jack J. Return on investment in meetings and events: Tools and techniques to measure the success of all types of meetings and events. Amsterdam ; Boston: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008.

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5

Burma. Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ krāʺ Raṅʻʺ nhīʺ Mrhupʻ nhaṃ mhu Upade, lupʻ thuṃʺ lupʻ naññʻʺ myāʺ, nhaṅʻʹ nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ khrāʺ raṅʻʺ nhīʺ mrhupʻ nhaṃ nuiṅʻ khvaṅʻʹ rhi so cīʺ pvāʺ reʺ lupʻ ṅanʻʺ ʼa myuiʺ ʼa cāʺ myāʺ: Union of Myanmar Foreign Investment Law, procedures, and types of economic activities allowed for foreign investment. [Rangoon]: Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ ʼA cuiʺ ra, Kunʻ svayʻ reʺ Vanʻ krīʺ Ṭhāna, 1995.

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Burma. Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ khrāʺ raṅʻʺ nhīʺ mrhupʻ nhaṃ mhu ʼupade, lupʻ thuṃʺ lupʻ naññʻʺ myāʺ nhaṅʻʹ nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ khrāʺ raṅʻʺ nhīʺ mrhupʻ nhaṃ nuiṅʻ khvaṅʻʹ rhi so cīʺ pvāʺ reʺ lupʻ ṅanʻʺ ʼa myuiʺ ʼa cāʺ myāʺ =: The Union of Myanmar foreign investment law, procedures and types of economic activities allowed for foreign investment. [Yangon]: Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ toʻ ʼa cuiʺ ra, Kunʻ svayʻ reʺ Vanʻ krīʺ Ṭhāna, Cā reʺ Kiriyā Puṃ nhipʻ nhaṅʻʹ Dhātʻ puṃ Paccaññʻʺ Roṅʻʺ vayʻ reʺ, 1995.

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7

Razin, Assaf. Vying for foreign direct investment: A EU-type model of tax competition. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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8

Investments that fit you: How to develop a strategy based on your personality type. Chicago: Moody Press, 1995.

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9

Tobias, Andrew P. The only investment guide you'll ever need. San Diego: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

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10

Tobias, Andrew P. The only investment guide you'll ever need. San Diego, CA: Harcourt, 2002.

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11

The only investment guide you'll ever need. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace, 1998.

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12

The only investment guide you'll ever need. 4th ed. Orlando: Harcourt, Inc., 2005.

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13

Burma. Cī pvāʺ reʺ Lupʻ ṅanʻʺ ʼA myuiʺ ʼa cāʺ myāʺ Satʻ mhatʻ khraṅʻʺ: Praññʻ thoṅʻ cu Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ naṃ toʻ, Raṅʻʺ nhīʺ Mrhupʻ nhaṃ mhu Koʻmarhaṅʻ ʼa minʻʹ kroʻ nrā cā ʼa mhatʻ 1/2013, Ne praññʻ toʻ, 1374 khu nhacʻ, Prā sui la praññʻʹ kyoʻ 5 rakʻ (2013 khu nhacʻ, Janʻnavārī la 31 rakʻ) = Clssification of Types of Economic Activities : the Republic of Union of Myanmar, Myanmar Investment Commission notification no- 1/2013, 5th Waning Day of Pyatho 1374 M.E, Nay Pyi Taw (31st January, 2013). Ranʻ kunʻ: Rhu tuiṅʻ yañʻ Upade nhaṅʻʹ Suta Rasa Cā pe, 2013.

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14

Project, Carbon Disclosure, ed. Climate disclosure: Measuring financial risks and opportunities : hearing before the Subcommittee on Securities and Insurance and Investment of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, on examining the types of economic risks and opportunities posed and the connection between climate change and the health of financial markets, risks and opportunities discussed in corporate financial disclosure statements and whether requirements are adequate, and listen to investors and other stakeholders on their request for consistent climate risk disclosure in order to better manage financial risks, Wednesday, October 31, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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15

Whelan, Gerard. An indepth study of the mutual fund industry with particular emphasis in the United States and the implications for the individual investor when considering this type of financial instrument. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1993.

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16

Heller, Jane. An Ex to Grind. New York: HarperCollins, 2005.

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17

Heller, Jane. An ex to grind. New York: William Morrow, 2005.

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18

An ex to grind. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2005.

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19

Burma. Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ sāʺ myāʺ Raṅʻʺ nhīʺ Mrhupʻ nhaṃ mhu Upade, lupʻ thuṃʺ lupʻ naññʻʺ myāʺ nhaṅʻʹ sakʻ chuiṅʻ saññʻʹ cīʺ pvāʺ reʺ lupʻ ṅanʻʺ ʼa myuiʺ ʼa cāʺ myāʺ: Myanmar Citizens Investment Law, procedure and type of economics activities applicable to Myanmar citizens investment law. Ranʻ kunʻ: Rhu tuiṅʻʺ yañʻ Upade nhaṅʻʹ Suta Rasa Cā pe, 2013.

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20

Frey, Stephen W. The chairman: A novel. New York: Ballantine Books, 2005.

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21

Vonnegut, Norb. Top producer. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press/Gale, 2009.

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22

The chairman. New York: Random House Large Print, 2005.

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23

Jonathan, Bonnitcha, Skovgaard Poulsen Lauge N, and Waibel Michael. 2 Foreign Investment: Economic and Legal Foundations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198719540.003.0002.

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This chapter examines two foundational questions relating to foreign investment: why firms engage in foreign investment, and how inward foreign investment affects host states. It then examines the scope of the investment treaty regime’s coverage of different types of ‘investors’ and ‘investments’. The chapter makes a simple yet often overlooked point: whereas different types of foreign investment have different drivers and effects, investment treaties cover practically all forms of investment and all types of foreign investors. This has important implications when considering the effects of the investment treaty regime.
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24

Pompian, Michael M. Behavioral Finance and Investor Types: Managing Behavior to Make Better Investment Decisions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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25

Pompian, Michael M. Behavioral Finance and Investor Types: Managing Behavior to Make Better Investment Decisions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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26

Pompian, Michael M. Behavioral Finance and Investor Types: Managing Behavior to Make Better Investment Decisions. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.

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27

Natalie, Lichtenstein. 4 Investment Operations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198821960.003.0004.

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Chapter 4, Investment Operations, presents the Charter-based framework for AIIB’s investment operations. It describes AIIB’s investment objectives: to foster sustainable economic development, create wealth and improve infrastructure connectivity, by investing in infrastructure and other productive sectors. AIIB’s types of investment operations include loans, guarantees, equity investment and technical assistance, for public sector entities and for private sector clients. Its investment operations should benefit Asia, but may be located outside of the region. Its operational principles emphasize sound banking principles, environmental and social aspects, competitive procurement, financial soundness, proper use of funds (anti-corruption) and transparency. These operational principles and AIIB’s policies are drawn from similar rules in place for other multilateral development banks, and are designed to facilitate AIIB’s cofinancing of with these other banks. Key policies are summarized and AIIB’s first phase of investment operations (through December 2017) is presented in a table.
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28

Jeswald W, Salacuse. 7 Scope of Application of Investment Treaties. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703976.003.0007.

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This chapter first discusses the significance of a treaty’s scope of application, which has at least two important legal ramifications. First, a contracting state owes obligations under the treaty only to investors and investments that fall within the treaty’s scope of application or treaty definitions. Second, the treaty’s definitions and scope of application affect the jurisdiction of any international arbitral tribunal adjudicating a dispute brought under its provisions. The chapter then goes on to explain the meaning of the terms ‘investments’ and ‘investors’ as covered by investment treaties and gives an overview of the various types of formulation used to define those terms.
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29

Verbist, Gerlinde. Measuring Social Investment Returns. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0017.

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The aim of this chapter is to assess different issues related to measuring the social impact of social investment strategies, and more specifically of publicly provided services. The chapter starts with a short discussion of the role played by services in the social investment strategy, as these services are often considered to be a more appropriate social investment instrument than cash transfers. This is illustrated by discussing the distributive effects of two types of publicly provided services, namely childcare and education. A literature overview is presented of how the employment and inequality effects of these services are measured. Both first-order and second-order effects are considered, thereby also indicating gaps in knowledge for a proper assessment of such services in the framework of social investment.
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30

Jeswald W, Salacuse. 1 A Global Regime for Investment. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703976.003.0001.

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This chapter begins with an introduction to investment treaties, often referred to as international investment agreements (IIAs), and the building of a global regime for investment since the end of World War II through the negotiation of such treaties. It sets out the definition and types of IIAs. It then discusses the significance of investment treaties; the application of regime theory to investment treaties; regime challenges and prospects; and factors that will foster the stability and continued growth of the investment regime. The chapter also describes the aim and scope of the book and gives a brief summary of the contents of following chapters.
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31

Katia, Yannaca-Small, and Katsikis Dimitrios. Part III Guide to Key Jurisdictional Issues, 11 The Meaning of ‘Investment’ in Investment Treaty Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0011.

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Despite the growing number of investor-state arbitrations and resulting jurisprudence, there is still no consensus on the criteria of investment. This chapter first examines the way ‘investment’ is ‘defined’ in bilateral investment treaties and other international investment agreements, as well as the meaning of investment in the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID) Convention. It then considers aspects of the arbitral jurisprudence on certain types of assets constituting an investment; the ‘objective’ and ‘subjective’ approach to interpreting definitions of ‘investment’; the characteristics that have been considered to be criteria of an investment; and the requirements that, to be protected, an ‘investment’ must be (i) made in accordance with the host State’s law and (ii) in the territory of the host State.
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32

Simon, Gleeson. Part III Investment Banking, 13 Trading Book—Standardized Approaches. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0013.

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This chapter discusses trading book models. Risk models come in a variety of types. However, for market risk purposes there have been a number of types which may be used within the framework. The simplest is the ‘CAD 1’ model — named after the first Capital Adequacy Directive, which permitted such models to be used in the calculation of regulatory capital. VaR models, permitted by Basel 2, were more complex, and this complexity was increased by Basel 2.5, which required the use of ‘stressed VAR’. In due course all of this will be replaced by the Basel 3 FRTB calculation, which rejects VAR and is based on the calculation of an expected shortfall (ES) market risk charge, a VaR based default risk charge (DRC) (for those exposures where the bank is exposed to the default of a third party), and a stressed ES-based capital add-on.
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33

Ansell, Ben, and Jane Gingrich. Skills in Demand? Higher Education and Social Investment in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.003.0009.

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The chapter analyzes how welfare democracies expanded higher education systems. It argues that the “massification” of higher education across the OECD has had starkly different impacts on occupational structure and returns depending on countries’ institutional environment. The chapter identifies four ideal types in terms of the employment prospects and wage premia associated with higher education: credentialism, mismatch, social investment, and “winner takes all,” which correspond closely to the four types of welfare democracies. Employment and wage data drawn from the European Community Household Panel and Social Inclusion and Living Condition datasets is used to demonstrate these patterns. The chapter also uses individual survey data drawn from the European Social Survey to show the effects of graduate skill mismatch on policy attitudes.
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34

Campbell, McLachlan, Shore Laurence, and Weiniger Matthew. Part I Overview, 2 The Basic Features of Investment Treaties. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199676798.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 introduces the reader to the basic features of investment treaties, with particular emphasis on two types of treaties under which investment arbitrations have arisen: bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and multilateral investment treaties. It first discusses the structure of BITs, focusing on provisions in such areas as substantive rights, compensation for losses (war clause), free transfer of payments, dispute settlement, and subrogation. It then examines the common provisions of four major multilateral investment treaties, namely: NAFTA; the Energy Charter Treaty; the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement and the newly-concluded Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (not yet in force).
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35

Danny, Busch. Part II Investment Firms and Investment Services, 9 Agency and Principal Dealing under MiFID I and MiFID II. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198767671.003.0009.

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This chapter examines whether allowing the extent of the protection afforded to an investor under MiFID to be largely dependent on the distinction between dealing on own account on the one hand and trading on behalf of the client (and other forms of investment service) on the other is justified. The author submits that it is not. The distinction between dealing on own account and trading on behalf of the client is tenuous, arbitrary and easy to manipulate. According to the author, MiFID II provides no practicable criterion either, and resorts to the artifice of reclassifying certain types of dealing on own account as acting on behalf of the client. Finally, both the UK Government and the Dutch Supreme Court take the view that duties of care must also apply where an investment firm acts solely as an investor’s contractual counterparty.
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36

Simon, Gleeson. Part III Investment Banking, 18 Securitization and Repackaging. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0018.

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This chapter discusses securitization requirements under Basel 3. The Basel 3 reforms have rewritten the capital treatment of securitisations. However this rewriting sits on top of some major restructuring of the regime effected by Basel 2.5. Given that the Basel Accord is intended to reflect credit risk, it might be expected that the rationale for a separate treatment of securitization exposures would have disappeared, and that exposures to securitization vehicles would be evaluated in exactly the same way as exposures to other types of vehicles, based on credit characteristics. However, the opposite is the case. The chapter begins with an explanation of securitization. It then discusses true sale and derecognition of assets, risk weighting of securitization exposures, weighting holdings of securitization positions, the internal ratings-based approach approach, and revolving credit securitizations.
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37

George, Walker, Purves Robert, and Blair Michael. Part III Financial Sectors and Activities, 22 Collective Investment Schemes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793809.003.0022.

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This chapter focuses on the regulatory framework for collective investment schemes (CISs). The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA) imposes a special regulatory regime on investment funds that fall within its wide definition of CIS, which has been placed within the scope of regulation since the enactment of the Financial Services Act 1986. The definition of CIS covers almost all types of investment funds with the exception of investment companies, investment trusts, and pooled investment special purpose vehicles. The chapter first considers the European directive for ‘undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities’ (UCITS) and the introduction of open-ended investment companies (OEICs) in the UK before discussing the European Union's directive for alternative investment funds and the regulatory categorisation of CISs in the UK. It also analyses the regulation of authorised unit trust schemes and the FSMA's ‘general prohibition’ and ‘financial promotion restriction’ provisions.
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38

Erdkamp, Paul, Koenraad Verboven, and Arjan Zuiderhoek, eds. Capital, Investment, and Innovation in the Roman World. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841845.001.0001.

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Investment in capital, both physical and financial, and innovation in its uses are often considered the linchpins of modern economic growth, while credit and credit markets now seem to determine the wealth—as well as the fate—of nations. This book asks whether it always thus, and whether the Roman economy—large, complex, and sophisticated as it was— looked anything like today’s economies in terms of its structural properties. Through consideration of the allocation and uses of capital and credit and the role of innovation in the Roman world, the contributors to this volume go to the heart of the matter. How was capital in its various forms generated, allocated, and employed in the Roman economy? Did the Romans have markets for capital goods and credit? Did investment in capital lead to innovation and productivity growth? The authors consider multiple aspects of capital use in agriculture, water management, trade, and urban production, and of credit provision, finance, and human capital in different periods of Roman history, in Italy and elsewhere in the Roman world. Using many different types of written and archaeological evidence, and employing a range of modern theoretical perspectives and methodologies, the contributors, an international team of historians and archaeologists, have produced the first book-length contribution to focus exclusively on (physical and financial) capital in the Roman world, a volume that is aimed at experts in the field as well as at economic historians and archaeologists specializing in other periods and places.
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39

Zrilic, Jure. The Protection of Foreign Investment in Times of Armed Conflict. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830375.001.0001.

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Foreign investors often sustain injuries during violent situations, such as riots, revolutions, civil wars, and international armed conflicts. There is a great deal of uncertainty about how effective investment treaty protections are in volatile times, how they relate to other applicable legal frameworks, and how they affect the state security policy and the post-conflict transition to peace. This book explores how foreign investment is protected in times of armed conflict under the investment treaty regime. It does so by combining insights from different areas of international law, including international investment law, international humanitarian law, international human rights law, the law of state responsibility, and the law of treaties. While the protections have evolved over time, with the investment treaty regime providing the strongest legal framework for protecting investors yet, there has been an apparent shift towards safeguarding a state’s security interests in recent treaty practice. The book identifies and analyses the flaws in the existent normative framework, but also highlights the potential that investment treaties have for minimizing the devastating effects of armed conflict. It offers an analytical framework for assessing the investment treaty regime in times of armed conflict, distinguishing between different paradigms and different types conflicts. It argues that a new approach is needed to appropriately balance the competing interests of host states and investors when it comes to investment protection in armed conflicts.
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40

Gargantini, Matteo, Carmine Di Noia, and Georgios Dimitropoulos. Cross-border Distribution of Collective Investment Products in the EU. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813392.003.0019.

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This chapter analyzes the current regulatory framework for cross-border distribution of investment funds and submits some proposals to improve it. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 provides a schematic description of the legal taxonomy for collective investment schemes. Section 3 addresses the EU disclosure regimes that apply to the distribution of various types of investment funds. Sections 4 and 5 consider conduct-of-business rules and, respectively, the legal framework for the allocation of supervisory powers on product regulation when fund units are distributed in more than one country. Section 6 provides some data that help assess the performance of the current framework for cross-border distribution. It then analyzes some of the residual legal rules and supervisory practices that still make cross-border distributions of funds more burdensome than purely national distributions, whether these restrictions are set forth in the country where investors are domiciled (Section 7) or in the fund's home country (Section 8).
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41

Arjaliès, Diane-Laure, Philip Grant, Iain Hardie, Donald MacKenzie, and Ekaterina Svetlova. Fund Managers and Their Investors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802945.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 examines the mechanisms through which clients impact fund managers’ practices and vice versa. The discussion encompasses fixed income investment as well as investment in shares. In both fixed income and shares, clients can include both institutional investors (such as pension funds) and retail investors (i.e. private individuals, though often guided by financial advisers). Their reasons for investment vary, leading to different time-horizons on their decisions, different ways of measuring performance, and different forms of interaction with the rest of the investment chain. They often rely on various types of advisers: investment consultants, independent financial advisers, and fund-rating companies. Variations of those kinds among the clients influence fund managers’ investment decisions, whether intentionally or not. Thus, the chapter suggests that the client–fund manager relationship is not a simple principal–agent problem, but a multi-faceted, contextually dependent, malleable matter.
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42

Clark, Gordon L., and Ashby H. B. Monk. Advisers and Consultants. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793212.003.0008.

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Chapter 8 looks at roles and responsibilities in relation to asset owners and holders and the process of investment management. A framework presents the consultant’s value in the framing of investment strategies and their implementation, emphasizing issues of process as well as substance. The focus is on the role of consultants who advise clients on investment strategy and implementation. An analytical account is provided of the various roles of investment consultants—how and why their roles vary in relation to the size of assets under management (AUM) and the ways in which they can foster or obstruct innovation. The chapter begins with a discussion of the theory of intermediation. This followed by a schematic framework of what investment consultants do in three different types of pension fund—small, medium, and large, a framework that can be applied to endowments, foundations, family offices, and sovereign wealth funds.
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43

Norah, Gallagher, and Shan Wenhua. 5 Monetary Transfer. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law:iic/9780199230259.003.005.

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The transfer or repatriation of funds provision in bilateral investment treaties (BITs) is at the heart of the object and purpose of an investment treaty. The main aim of BITs is to encourage investment by investors of one state into the other state. This chapter discusses the types of payments covered in the repatriation provisions in China's BITs. It includes the scope of the clause and whether it covers both outward and inward transfer of funds. It looks at the types of payments that are covered by the transfer provisions and whether it is an illustrative list or an exhaustive one. It then considers the important provision on convertibility and exchange rates, what they mean, and when they are designated. Finally, the chapter looks at provisions typical to China's BIT provisions on transfer of funds, in particular the limitation on monetary transfers to compliance with “domestic laws and regulations.” The chapter also considers briefly the impact of the pending litigation before the ECJ against several member states on the scope of the transfer provisions in some of their BITs (including some with China) entered into before acceding to the EC Treaty.
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44

Norah, Gallagher, and Shan Wenhua. 8 Settlement Of Investor–State Disputes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law:iic/9780199230259.003.008.

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The dispute-resolution provisions in bilateral investment treaties (BITs) have become the “ultimate” investor protection in modern investment treaties. This chapter reviews the different types of dispute-resolution provisions of the Chinese BITs. It first looks at the choice of arbitrations made in its treaties, ICSID, ad hoc, or other arbitration rules. It then continues to review the two main types of investor-state dispute-resolution clauses in China's BITs: restrictive—where the BIT permits international arbitration of disputes on the amount of compensation for expropriation only; and more liberal or expansive—which allows access to international arbitration for all disputes between the investor and host state. It then considers a topic of particular interest right now for investors and potential investors in China: the application of the MFN clause to dispute resolution. Finally, it looks at the applicable law to dispute settlement and the requirement to exhaust domestic remedies.
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45

Timothy, Spangler. 9 US and EU Regulatory Responses to The Global Financial Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198807247.003.0009.

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This chapter examines the impact of the 2007–08 global financial crisis on the regulation of private investment funds in the United States and in the European Union. It begins with a review of Dodd-Frank, which can be seen as the U.S. movement towards the international consensus that private fund managers should be directly regulated by the national financial regulator. It then considers Dodd-Frank’s repeal of the so-called ‘private adviser exemption’ previously found in the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, along with its exemption of ‘foreign private advisers’ from registration. It also explains the distinction between ‘US advisers’ and ‘non-US advisers’, Dodd-Frank’s compliance requirements for various types of investment advisers, and Rule 204(b)-1, jointly approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission under the Investment Advisers Act. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD) and future outlook for Dodd-Frank.
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46

Fotak, Veljko, Xuechen Gao, and William L. Megginson. A Financial Force to be Reckoned With? Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.1.

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This chapter introduces the 35 funds that meet the authors’ definition of SWFs, discusses their evolution from stabilization funds to SWFs and illustrates the differences and similarities between the various types of funds. The authors discuss the documented importance of SWF funding sources and survey the normative literature describing how SWFs should allocate funds. They then summarize the empirical literature studying how SWFs actually do allocate funds across asset classes, geographically, and across industries. An assessment of empirical studies examines the impact of SWF stock investments on target firm financial and operating performance, and finds universal support for a positive announcement period stock price increase. Finally, the authors point out the unresolved issues and possible extensions in SWF research, and assess how the massive decline in oil export revenues by major SWF sponsor nations such as Abu Dhabi, Russia, Kuwait, and Norway is likely to impact SWF investment levels in coming years.
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47

Wang, Di. Strangers Are Not All Danger. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.10.

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Sovereign wealth fund (SWF) investment in strategic industries has raiseumerous concerns. While state ownership may motivate SWFs to pursue strategic interests on behalf of the home government, other governments can have different strategic objectives. It suggests that SWFs may behave differently even when investing in strategic industries. This chapter illustrates the heterogeneity of SWF investment in the energy industry and argues that SWFs from energy-poor countries are more likely to invest in the energy industry compared to other types of investors in pursuit of energy security for the home country. Foreign investment in the energy industry is likely to face greater resistance by the host country than investment in other industries. This would increase with the deterioration of bilateral relations, especially for SWFs from energy-poor countries. Empirical analysis of 6,382 foreign acquisitions between 1992 and 2012 support these claims. These results are robust against alternative model specifications and variable measurements.
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48

Types of Investments: A Canadian Perspective (CCH Financial Advisors Series). CCH Canadian Limited, 1999.

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49

Dikanarov, George, Joseph McBride, and Andrew C. Spieler. Relative Value Hedge Fund Strategies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607371.003.0014.

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Relative value strategies, also called arbitrage strategies, are trading strategies that exploit mispricing in the financial markets among the same or related assets. Relative value trading is a popular investment strategy among many hedge fund managers who try to achieve high returns while minimizing risk. To capitalize on the mispricing of assets, investment managers take long positions in the undervalued assets and short positions in the overvalued assets with the expectation that prices will revert to their fundamental values. When using relative value strategies, managers construct market-neutral portfolios to eliminate systematic risk. Fund managers employ leverage to maximize the low returns that individual trades yield. Relative value funds are an attractive investment for individuals seeking to diversify their portfolios with assets that are uncorrelated with the broader market. This chapter discusses the different subcategories within the relative value strategy and the different types of securities each subcategory trades.
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50

Wright, Mike, and Kevin Amess. Sovereign Wealth Funds and Private Equity. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.12.

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While the vast majority of SWFs invest in public equity and fixed income vehicles, about half invest in private equity (PE). PE includes several different types of funds investing in companies at different stages of development. Some 78% of SWFs investing in PE invest in buyouts stage funds; 72% in venture capital stage funds; 66% in growth stage funds, while 56% invest in funds investing in companies at the expansion stage. Only 41% have a strategy to invest in distressed company funds while 38% invest in the secondaries funds market. Some 14% of institutional capital raised by PE equity funds in 2015 came from sovereign wealth. This chapter argues that SWF investment in PE funds is more likely to be part of an investment strategy that seeks to maximize returns because investment in PE funds does not afford the SWF direct control over firms bought using PE funds.
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