Journal articles: 'Investments, Czech'

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Lefley, Frank, Frank Wharton, Ladislav Hájek, Josef Hynek, and Václav Janecek. "Manufacturing investments in the Czech Republic:." International Journal of Production Economics 88, no. 1 (March 2004): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-5273(03)00129-4.

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Kocmanová, Alena, Marie Pavláková Dočekalová, Tomáš Meluzín, and Stanislav Škapa. "Sustainable Investing Model for Decision Makers (Based On Research of Manufacturing Industry in the Czech Republic)." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 8342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208342.

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Sustainable investing is an investment approach in line with the values of sustainable development and compliance with environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) criteria. The aim of the article is to propose a sustainable investing model (SIM) to support the decision-making of responsible individual investors. The proposed model aggregates economic indicators of investment decision-making, positive and negative ESG criteria, the market value of the stock, a systematic and unsystematic risk (expressed by the capital asset pricing model (CAPM)), thus widening the investment triangle by another peak—and that is sustainability. The research methodology is based on four key areas (environmental, social, corporate governance, and economic) associated with sustainable investments, stock market value, and risk. The research methodology of structural equation models is applied for the construction of the SIM. Mathematical equations are used to apply the SIM, which expresses values, the so-called factor scores. For the classification of sustainable investments, a classification scale is created that divides investments into three groups: above-average, average, and below-average. The SIM comprehensively evaluates individual ESG criteria and economic areas of sustainable investments, thus assisting the investor in deciding on sustainable investments of Czech joint-stock companies in the manufacturing industry, including benchmarking with other sustainable investments.

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Domesová, Marcela. "Analysis of foreign direct investment in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 4 (2011): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159040051.

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The foreign direct investments are joined with the process of world globalisation. Foreign direct investments are carried out especially by multinational companies. The basic forms of the foreign direct investments are “greenfield” investments and “brownfield“ investments in the form of the privatization. The Czech Republic has shown mass inflow of foreign direct investments since 1998. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the inflow of foreign direct investments in the context of the balance of payments and the evaluation their impact on the outside economic equilibrium and gross value added in the Czech Republic. The subject of the analysis is the identification of the most important factors of foreign direct investments inflow and the classification of foreign direct investments inflow from the point of view of branches and technological intensity of production as well. The aim is fulfilled by analysis of selected indicators of the balance of payments, analysis of gross value added and international comparison of foreign direct investments inflow in countries of Visegrad Group. The results show the part of privatization in foreign capital inflow, increasing import intensity and export efficiency linked with foreign direct investments. The results are subject of research focused on the process of world globalisation and regional development.

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Zdeněk, Radek, and Jana Lososová. "Investments of Czech farms located in less favoured areas after EU accession." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 2 (February 24, 2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/212/2019-agricecon.

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This paper investigates the development and structure of the fixed assets of Czech farms and their investment behaviour. We use data from a long-term (2003–2016) survey of farms and categorise farms into three groups according to their share of agricultural land in less favoured areas. The development of tangible fixed assets and their structural development points to the importance of investments to agricultural holdings. Above all, there is an extensive trend of investing in the land, but purchases of land are likely to affect the growth of the relative age of tangible fixed assets, especially the obsolescence of buildings that are not sufficiently modernised by farms. Results of the accelerated model indicate that there is an absence of soft budget constraints but a presence of capital imperfections and high importance of both operating and investment subsidies when deciding on investments in fixed assets.

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Špička, Jindřich. "How Do Agricultural Biogas Investments Affect Czech Farms?" Central European Business Review 7, no. 4 (February 1, 2019): 34–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.205.

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Toušek, Václav, Milan Vančura, and Milan Viturka. "Geographical Aspects of Industrial Transformation in the Czech Republic." Geografie 105, no. 2 (2000): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2000105020155.

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The share of industrial production on GNP has been decreasing over the 1990s in the Czech Republic and, in the same time, a branch restructuring took place. The industrial transformation is accompanied by a decline of labour force and an increase of unemployment. Better situation has been observed in the regions with an inflow of foreign capital. The article deals with the significant role of direct foreign investments for the regional development. The analysis of investment localization is linked with the theory of development polarization.

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RUGRAFF, ERIC. "A PATENT ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INNOVATIVE R&D ACTIVITIES IN CENTRAL EUROPE: THE CZECH CASE." International Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 02 (February 2017): 1750013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s136391961750013x.

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This paper questions the nature of the foreign direct R&D investments in Central Europe. Do the affiliates of the multinationals still undertake adaptive R&D? Have they recently engaged in innovative R&D activities in their Central European affiliates? Because patents result from the firm's investments in basic research and applied development, we consider patent data as a good proxy of the firm's genuine inventive activity. We build a sample made of the 10 multinationals representing the most active R&D investors in the Czech Republic — the Central European leader as regards of foreign direct R&D investments — and in the major foreign direct R&D sectors — electronics, electrical equipment, machinery and motor vehicles — and assess the recent evolution of their patenting activity. We suggest that (a) even these major R&D investors still only marginally apply for patents in their Czech affiliates; (b) there is no under-evaluation of the innovation activity of the Czech affiliates due to a geographical separation of inventions — in the Czech Republic — and patent location — in Western Europe; (c) the researchers working in the Czech affiliates are still not sufficiently oriented towards innovation activities to be integrated in the patenting-oriented international teams built by the multinationals. Foreign direct R&D investments in Central Europe remain mostly production supportive and associated with the international exploitation of technology produced in the Western headquarters and affiliates. Despite the strong engagement of the Czech government towards foreign direct R&D, real innovative R&D increases very slowly.

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Sass, Magdolna, and Jana Vlčková. "Just Look behind the Data! Czech and Hungarian Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Multinationals." Acta Oeconomica 69, S2 (December 2019): 73–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2019.69.s2.4.

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There has been an increase in outward foreign direct investment (FDI) and in the number of locally-owned or controlled multinationals in the Czech Republic and Hungary. However, data problems hinder to determine accurately the underlying trends and the main factors behind the changes. Data on outward FDI contain investment realised by all locally operational firms, regardless of their ownership. We rely on newly available balance of payments manual 6 (BPM) data and on company case studies. We show that outward investment by Czech firms must be much higher than what balance of payments data show. Hungary's case is the opposite. The leading Czech and Hungarian foreign investor firms can be categorised as “virtual indirect” foreign investors: they are in majority foreign ownership, but under domestic control. The reason for this special type of firms dominating in outward foreign direct investments can be found in the privatisation technique applied in these countries during the transition process.

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Zinecker, Marek. "Private equity and venture capital: investment fund structures in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 7 (2011): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159070541.

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A working private equity and venture capital market (PE/VC market) stimulates the business environment in a positive manner and impacts the level of economic growth of national economies. A study of the Austrian Private Equity and Venture Capital Organisation/AVCO (2004, p. 6) defines prerequisites for a correct operation of the PE/VC market. It views the legislative provision for suitable legal fund structures for PE/VC investments and their tax treatment as a key factor. In its publication, Private Equity & Venture Capital in the Czech Republic (2010, p. 14), the Czech Venture Capital Association/CVCA stresses that legal barriers are an important reason behind the limited scope of resources available to domestic PE/VC funds. Legal barriers prevent the establishment of a standard PE/VC fund in the territory of the Czech Republic, which fact in turn has a negative impact on the level of development of the domestic PE/VC market (fundraising, investment volumes, establishment of the infrastructure required for the operation of PE/VC funds). The purpose of this article is, based on an analysis of the relevant information sources, to assess how the current Czech legislation regulates the legal fund structures for PE/VC investments and their tax treatment. Proposals for a potential improvement of the situation are based on a comparison of the legislative framework applicable in the Czech Republic and the requirements defined by the European Venture Capital Association/EVCA, as well as the AVCO study (2004, 2006).

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Krajňáková, Emília, Vaida Pilinkienė, and Patrik Bulko. "DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND EMPLOYABILITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS GRADUATES." Engineering Economics 31, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.2.24751.

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The scope of the data presented in this study offers a comprehensive view of the issue of the HEI graduates employability in the Czech Republic and also in the Slovak Republic – related to determinants of economic development and their impact on them. This paper examines the impact of gross domestic product, gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development by only higher education sector and foreign direct investment on HEI graduates employability. The results indicate that correlation between unemployment of tertiary educated Slovaks and GDP, GERD and FDI values was very big. Correlation relationship of similar determinants, except determinant GERD in conditions of the Czech Republic was characterized as weak. On the other hand, significantly stronger (very big to perfect) correlation affecting employment of tertiary educated Czechs regarding to indicators of gross domestic product, gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development by sector of higher education and foreign direct investments as well. In conditions of the Slovak Republic, correlation relationship between employment of tertiary educated Slovaks and GDP was almost perfect.

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Michalíkovń, Eva, and Elisa Galeotti. "Determinants of FDI in Czech Manufacturing Industries between 2000-2007." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2010): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10033-010-0012-5.

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Determinants of FDI in Czech Manufacturing Industries between 2000-2007The Czech Republic (and its manufacturing industry) has been a successful recipient of foreign direct investment over recent years. Therefore, it is important to understand the decisions made by foreign investors where to place their investments and how to decide on their location between alternative industries. The aim of this paper is to find and estimate an econometric model describing the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the manufacturing industry of the Czech Republic between 2000-2007 and to make a review of recent literature on the topic. The econometric model includes several economic variables (for example labor, physical capital, R&D, profits per labor, Balassa index). Together with simple techniques of estimation (OLS, fixed effects) we used a generalized method of moments (GMM). In an effort to improve the result we used also a least trimmed squares estimator (LTS) from the class of robust estimators as a diagnostic tool for the heterogeneous pattern of data.

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Vanickova, Radka. "Innovation Corporate Energy Management: Efficiency of Green Investment." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 2 (2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.2-04.

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The main purpose of the research is to assess the corporate energy efficiency of investment subsidies with or without the possibility of drawing on subsidies or without support from the Operational Program Enterprise and Innovation. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problém is processed according to the methodology of the Operational Program Enterprise and Innovation, Eco-energy program indicates the comparison with real and expected savings of energy concerning the corporate energy efficiency of investment subsidies provided to maintain the principles of EU environmental policy and rules for subsidies on a general level in the Czech Republic, complemented by graph illustration of time series of development of sales in the horizon of the years 2011-2015. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that the provision of subsidies from European climate protection funds can contribute to energy savings and air quality. Investigation of the topic within a methodical survey is processed by the research of Czech and foreign scientific literature in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: is the creation of a graph and tables taking into account investments and implemented measures with the evaluation of investment efficiency. Methodological tools of the research methods were the comparison was made between the Eco-energy and Potential subsidy programs. The object of research is the chosen company in the South Bohemia region in manufacturing in the Czech Republic plant with 480 employees because namely an annual turnover of CZK 520 million in 2015. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of statistical data, documents, and databases of state and private institutions, particularly the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry for Regional Development, and the Czech Invest Agency. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the net present value, which expresses the total present value of the cash flows related to the investment project, the simple and the real-time of return on investments, and the internal rate of return is significant to efficiency. The results of the research can be useful to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save electricity, and thermal energy. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the net present value, which expresses the total present value of the cash flows related to the investment project, the simple and the real-time of return on investments, and the internal rate of return is essential for efficiency. Keywords: EU environmental policy, structural funds, operational program enterprise and innovation, corporate energy efficiency, investment subsidies, net present value.

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13

Žížalová, Pavla. "Foreign direct investments in Czechia." Geografie 111, no. 2 (2006): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2006111020186.

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Foreign direct investments (FDI) are an often discussed phenomenon which is considered to play a key role in the process of transformation and restructuralization in the post-communist countries. This paper examines its regional distribution and challenges rather uncritical views on this phenomenon. FDI are distributed geographically very unevenly as almost three fifths of total FDI inflows into the Czech Republic have been located in Prague and almost four fifths in the metropolitan areas. Thus, FDI are one of the factors, which intensify uneven development and contribute to regional disparities.

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Zamrazilová, Eva. "Foreign direct investments in the czech republic: selected macroeconomic issues." Politická ekonomie 55, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 579–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.614.

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Janský, Bohumír. "Changing Water Quality in the Czech Part of the Elbe Catchment Area in the 1990s." Geografie 107, no. 2 (2002): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2002107020098.

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The Elbe is the largest river of the Czech Republic. On the state boundary it has an average long-term flow rate of 315 m3/s and it drains 2/3 of Czech territory into the North Sea. The alluvial plain of the Elbe was from the very beginning of our history an important migration corridor and later it gained a substantial economic significance. The impulse for the cooperation of Czechs and Germans on the Elbe was the unification of Germany. In 1990 an "Agreement about the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe" was signed, and in 1992 regular Czech-German expert seminars started to take place. Geographers from the Faculty of Sciences of Charles University in Prague participated in the cooperation with German academic institutions. They introduced some new methodical approaches into the research of surface water quality and they achieved a number of valuable results. In twelve years of intensive scientific activities and substantial financial investments into the sanitation of sewage water from the largest pollution sources, water quality in the Elbe has improved markedly.

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Hotový, Martin. "The use of tools and approaches of system dynamics in the analysis of the efficiency of BIM implementation and its impact on the management and planning of investments in the construction sector." MATEC Web of Conferences 279 (2019): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927901011.

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This paper presents the use of tools and approaches of system dynamics in the analysis of the efficiency of BIM tools implementation in relation to the management and planning of investments in the construction sector. The dynamic model based on the approach of system dynamics allows to simulate the impact rate (range) of BIM implementation in strategic investment decision-making in the construction sector. Based on the analysis, the key parameters critically affecting the large construction investment projects are determined. The proposed model is implemented as a submodel in the dynamic model designed for potential refinements in the strategic planning of the extent of investments into projects of civil infrastructure of the Czech Republic. The model allows to test different strategies in the virtual world before their implementation. The prediction of future developments based on the proposed model allows to streamline planning and decision-making processes.

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Jáč, Ivan, and Marie Vondráčková. "The perception of selected aspects of investment attractiveness by businesses making investments in the Czech Republic." E+M Ekonomie a Management 20, no. 3 (2017): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2017-3-008.

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Rudinskaya, Tamara, and Elena Kuzmenko. "Investments, Technical Change and Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from Czech Food Processing." Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 11, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2019.110409.

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Ratinger, T., and Z. Kristkova. "R&D Investments, technology spillovers and agricultural productivity, case of the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 61, No. 7 (June 6, 2016): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/148/2014-agricecon.

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Buterin, Vesna, Nela Vlahinić Lenz, and Natalija Mihaljević. "Kretanje osobne potrošnje na primjeru odabranih članica EU-a." Zbornik Veleučilišta u Rijeci 7, no. 1 (2019): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31784/zvr.7.1.17.

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Personal consumption is the largest macroeconomic aggregate with a large impact on economic trends and a share of GDP of about 60%. The aim of this paper was to determine whether there are significant differences in the movement and structure of personal consumption in Croatia and the two new EU members - the Czech Republic and Romania and to establish patterns of changes in personal consumption in the named countries. The analysis confirmed a strong correlation between personal consumption and GDP, and this correlation is stronger in Romania, where the direction of these two rates of change almost coincides. The previous confirms personal consumption as an important category to be taken into account when adopting macroeconomic policies. The analysis, also, showed that the share of personal consumption in GDP is the smallest in the Czech Republic, suggesting that there are some other Czech economy drivers, primarily investment and net exports. Given that the Czech Republic and Croatia are small and open economies comparable to the level of development, and considering that the Czech economy growth is considerably higher than in Croatia, it can be concluded that the model of economic growth in the Czech Republic is better and more sustainable in the long run. The model of economic growth relying on personal consumption as a generator of aggregate demand is not a model that can ensure sustainable GDP growth in Croatia, especially in terms of population decrease. It is, therefore, necessary to provide a stimulating institutional framework for the growth of domestic and foreign investments and greater export orientation.

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Hudečková, H., and M. Lošťák. "LEADER in the Czech Republic and farming sector." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 12 (December 18, 2008): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/289-agricecon.

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The paper addresses the LEADER approach in the Czech Republic. Using documentary research and content analysis of the appropriate documents and the Local Action Groups information sheets, the paper firstly outlines the evolution of the LEADER approach in the Czech Republic (the paper points out the difference in understanding LEADER in the EU /focusing on capacity building and the use of intangible forms of capital/ and in the Czech Republic EU /focusing on investments/). The paper also analyses the participation of farmers and the farming related actors in the LEADER approach (approx. 30% of local action groups are composed by those actors, however, they mostly do not aim /similarly like non-farming actors/ at developing partnership but want to achieve the investments into production; that is why the Czech local action groups are rather quasi-partnerships; it is also reflected in a very low number of strategies aiming at the “adding value to local products” which is the closest to farmers /but it is the less opted theme: only 6% of projects/). The paper ends with the analysis of projects implemented under the LEADER scheme where the farmers participate. It shows that more than the integrated strategies, the Czech local action groups prefer the strategies of the multi-sector type. The paper also points out that the publicly available information about the activities of the local action groups is not sufficient, although the groups are funded from the public budgets. This fact makes the analysis more difficult as for the scientific merit but also contradicts the principles of democratic governance.

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Ahmad, Jawad. "Slowakische Republik (Slovak Republic) v. Achmea BV (C.J.E.U.)." International Legal Materials 58, no. 5 (June 2019): 1101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2019.39.

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On March 6, 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) found in Slowakische Republik (Slovak Republic) v. Achmea B.V. that the arbitration agreement contained in the 1991 Agreement on Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (BIT) had an adverse effect on the autonomy of EU law and, thus, was incompatible with EU law. This important decision has ignited a debate on the compatibility of other arbitration agreements in both intra-EU bilateral investment treaties (intra-EU BITs) and in the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) with EU law.

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Rodionova, T., S. Yakubovskiy, and A. Kyfak. "Foreign Capital Flows as Factors of Economic Growth in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland." Research in World Economy 10, no. 4 (December 22, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n4p48.

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While foreign investment is generally associated with economic growth, it can also pose significant risks to the economies of the recipient countries. An empirical study is carried out to test the causality between various forms of capital inflows and economic growth of four emerging market countries of Central and Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. Using the vector autoregression framework it is found that prior to the crisis events in the world economy and euro area capital inflows, especially foreign direct investment, played significant role in boosting economic growth. However, afterwards there is no evidence of such impact and the reverse trend is observed: now economic growth is the factor driving capital inflows, again, mainly direct investments, to the countries. Also, as a result of the steady increase in value of the accumulated assets possessed by foreign investors in national economies negative effects of attracting foreign capital could be observed, which take the form of high volumes of repatriated profits, exceeding received investment and posing new threats for national economies.

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López-Rodríguez, Ana Mercedes. "The Sun Behind the Clouds? Enforcement of Renewable Energy Awards in the EU." Transnational Environmental Law 8, no. 02 (June 7, 2019): 279–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204710251900013x.

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AbstractA number of European Union (EU) countries have undertaken thorough reforms in the renewable energy sector over the past years. The regulatory changes have triggered a wave of claims from low-carbon investors asserting that the reforms have diminished or exhausted the economic viability of their investments. Unlike local investors, who typically take legal action before domestic courts, foreign investors have filed arbitration claims in accordance with the Energy Charter Treaty, notably against Spain, Italy, Bulgaria, and the Czech Republic, resulting in several awards of damages. However, recent developments in EU state aid law seem to restrict the ability of investors to obtain compensation. This article argues that such developments may undermine renewable energy policy, because arbitration enhances the regulatory stability and predictability which low-carbon investments require only if arbitral awards can be enforced effectively. The article examines the different scenarios that may arise out of the interplay between EU law and investment arbitration in the EU and concludes that the European Commission's arguable redrawing of the boundaries of state aid rules to encompass investment arbitration, combined with the EU's general quest to replace investment arbitration with alternative mechanisms of adjudication, may jeopardize climate change mitigation policies.

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Chmelíková, Gabriela, and Radka Redlichová. "Effects of direct investments on the regional development." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 7 (2012): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260070119.

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This article discusses the problems of exogenous approach to regional development and tries to evaluate the impacts of such regional politics. Specifically, it is focused on the evaluation of investments efficiency in the hard infrastructure of municipalities. The main contribution of this paper lies in establishing a methodical basis for the evaluation of investments in the hard infrastructure of municipalities, both from the view of economic impacts on the economy of respective municipalities and also from the view of wider social context, concerning mainly the employment and economic base structure. Subsequently, the impact of majority of industrial zones in the Czech Republic on regional development is tested using this methodological approach.

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Münich, Daniel, Martin Srholec, Michael Moritz, and Johannes Schäffler. "Mothers and Daughters: Heterogeneity of German Direct Investments in the Czech Republic." Prague Economic Papers 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.472.

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Kubickova, Lea, Marcela Kormanakova, Lucie Vesela, and Zdenka Jelinkova. "The Implementation of Industry 4.0 Elements as a Tool Stimulating the Competitiveness of Engineering Enterprises." Journal of Competitiveness 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7441/joc.2021.01.05.

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The article deals with the implementation of Industry 4.0 elements in Czech engineering companies in connection with the impact of this trend on the relationship between supplier and customer. The implementation of Industry 4.0 elements can have a positive effect on the relationship between supplier and customer through higher labour productivity, higher product quality as well as shorter production or delivery times. Industry 4.0 brings great opportunities for companies, which can mean greater efficiency and competitiveness; on the other hand, there are questions about whether companies are ready for it, i.e. whether there is sufficient infrastructure necessary to put Industry 4.0 into practice. The aim of this article is to identify the specifics of supplier-customer relationships in engineering which respond to the current trends and to find out how Czech engineering companies have implemented specific elements of Industry 4.0. No study of this kind has ever been conducted in the environment of Czech engineering companies. Based on the analysis of primary data obtained from 236 Czech engineering companies, the current trends in the management of relations between suppliers and customers are described; Czech engineering companies can use our results to increase their competitiveness. Emphasis is placed on Industry 4.0, planned investments in this infrastructure and the implementation of individual elements. Of the elements of Industry 4.0, Czech engineering companies mostly use tools and methods ensuring data security, automation of technological equipment and processes, cloud computing, mass customization and introducing sensors into production. Our results show that the investment in the necessary infrastructure is mainly related to the size of the company, with almost half of the large companies surveyed planning to invest in the infrastructure necessary to implement Industry 4.0 elements, while 46% of micro-enterprises do not plan to invest in Industry 4.0 elements.

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Shcherbakova, Yulia. "Czech Republic: Defence and Security Strategy within the EU." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 4 (2020): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2020.04.11.

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The article examines the defense strategy of the Czech Republic. Based on the analysis of government documents («Defense Strategy of the Czech Republic 2017,» «Priorities of the Czech Presidency in V4») reveals the goals and objectives of the Czech Republic in the field of European security and defense at the present stage. The country is an independent element not only of global security, but, due to its geographical location in the middle of Europe, and an important element of European security. The article explores the Czech Republic's position on participation in the Permanent Structured Cooperation on Security and Defense (PESCO), multilateral projects outside the EU, military missions and operations of the EU and NATO, as well as bilateral cooperation and within the Visegrad Group (V4) comprising Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia. The Czech Republic's position on military expenditures is being considered, as well as the problem of coexistence of European military structures and NATO. The Czech Republic intends to develop a single European arms market. This includes mandatory investments in the defense industry and the formation of the European Defense Fund, which will be used to invest in member countries. The Czech Republic actively supports and develops bilateral and multilateral defense cooperation with neighboring countries, as well as in a regional format. Defense regional cooperation focuses on two main areas: cooperation with Germany and within the Visegrad Group. Also it observes risks to Czech defense construction revealed due to Coronavirus pandemic.

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Beranová, Markéta, Jan Šíma, and Miroslava Navrátilová. "Investment Decisions as a Part of Financial Literacy in the Globalized World." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219203002.

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Research background: The role of knowledge and information in today’s globalized world is growing. Individual approach and investment preferences play a significant role on a global scale, especially for young adults, who can make full use of investment tools. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to assess the attitude to investment amongst young university students with a focus on risk, availability, and profitability. Methods: Primary data were obtained by quantitative research using a questionnaire survey (n = 1 437) in 2018 amongst full time bachelor’s and master’s degree students at three selected universities. The universities focus on economy and agriculture and each of them is based in a different region of the Czech Republic. In the analytical part of the article, testing of statistical hypotheses was applied. Findings & Value added: The results show that, in terms of risk, 79.19% of respondents prefer the least risky approach. Subsequently, the question whether an investment is available when needed also plays an important role and it is preferred by 70.70% of respondents. Profitability of an investment plays the least important role and it is important for 66.59% of respondents. Statistical evaluation proved a dependence between the gender of respondents and the responses mentioned above (women prefer less risky investments as well as those immediately available to them; on the other hand, men prefer more profitable investments than women).

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Vojvodíková, Barbara, Jan Česelský, and Martin Ferko. "Investments in Land – Protection of Agricultural Land and Connection to Urban Planning." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 2749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2749.

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Investments in land constitute an essential element in sustainable development of land. Investments can be problematic as they often lead to taking up of agricultural land, which is then irrevocably lost. One of the possible ways of protecting agricultural land is to offer investments in sites, which were already used in the past. This paper is concerned with the connection between derelict and unused sites – which may be described as brownfields – and their cataloguing as part of the land-use (urban) planning process and determination of their function in land-use (urban) plans. The paper deals with the issue of urban planning in the Czech Republic and relevant legislation and cites examples of various solutions and their effects.

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Severová, Lucie, Roman Svoboda, and Lenka Kopecká. "Increase in prices of farmland in the Czech Republic." Property Management 35, no. 3 (June 19, 2017): 326–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-07-2016-0036.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to express the development of market price of farmland in the CR and to describe causes and effects of these changes in the price on the ownership of land in the country. Design/methodology/approach Primarily, description methods (especially for describing the creation of investment farmland funds) and a comparative analysis (in the case of an indicator of the farmland prices in the Czech Republic) were used in this paper. Findings The findings show that the situation in the Czech agricultural sector has improved particularly due to increasing subsidies; non-agricultural subjects are showing increased interest and banks are changing their approach to granting loans for the purchase of farmland. The market price of farmland in the Czech Republic has been rising; in 2015, it exceeded CZK162,500 per hectare on average. However, it is still low compared to the old EU member states. Practical implications Practical implication of the paper consists in comparing market prices of farmland with prices at which state sold farmland through PRGLF. Plot owners are often approached about the sale or lease of farmland. However, there are many speculators among those interested in buying, who often focus on those owners who have no idea regarding the value of their plots. Originality/value In the paper, the model of farmland prices was newly used and applied to real data in the Czech Republic from 2004 to 2015. Moreover, current data on investments to farmland were acquired, and an analysis which could be useful for foreign investors was elaborated.

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Kunstová, Renáta. "Barriers and Benefits of Investments into Enterprise Content Management Systems." Organizacija 43, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10051-010-0020-3.

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Barriers and Benefits of Investments into Enterprise Content Management SystemsThis paper reviews the development and changes in the processing of large volumes of unstructured information. Author focuses on Enterprise Content Management (ECM) system and identifies three periods of its evolution. During this time ECM evolved to be high-quality and widely available technology, but many organisations have still not implemented ECM systems. The paper contains findings of a survey about the barriers and benefits of adoption of ECM systems, conducted in February 2010 in various organisations in Czech Republic.

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Dementiev, N. P. "Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and Russia: Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investments." World of Economics and Management 17, no. 2 (2017): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2017-17-2-26-36.

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Procházka, Jan, and Antonín Věžník. "From Subsidies Towards Investments: Changes in Rural Development Policy of the Czech Republic." Geografické informácie 18, no. 2 (2014): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17846/gi.2014.18.2.147-155.

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Zimmermannová, Jarmila. "Pilot Analysis of the Behaviour of Companies Within the 3rd Trading Period of the EU ETS in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 6 (2015): 2213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563062213.

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This paper is focused on the first ex-post analysis of the EU ETS in its 3rd trading period in the Czech Republic, based on the analysis of the behaviour of the key EU ETS sector – combustion processes – and the decision making of Czech electricity and heat producers within the EU ETS. Firstly, the general overview of the EU ETS is presented, including the important scientific studies in this area. The characteristics of the EU ETS in the Czech Republic are described. The second chapter, methodology and data, describes the method, the questionnaire survey. The key chapter, results, focuses on the most important outputs obtained from the questionnaire survey. The discussion part deals with particular characteristics of the EU ETS in the 3rd trading period in the Czech Republic. Focusing on the behaviour of Czech companies in the analyzed period, it is obvious, that the companies within the combustion processes group understood the EU ETS much more as an additional environmental tax or fee, instead of commodity, which can be traded on the exchange. Moreover, the EU ETS had no impact on their environmental investments planning in years 2013 and 2014.

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Poláková, Jana, and Josef Soukup. "Results of Implementing Less-Favoured Area Subsidies in the 2014–2020 Time Frame: Are the Measures of Environmental Concern Complementary?" Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 10534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410534.

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This article collated and interpreted data on land-based measures and capital investments support in Central Europe. Data collection is essential, due to more EU funds being distributed after 2020. Most evaluations focus on outcomes of agri-environmental measures within the most populous Member States. Unlike previous work, empirical data was hereby assessed on the public support of three measures of environmental concern to farmers (less favored area measure, capital investments, and agri-environmental measures). The study examined whether public goods are complementary. A prevailing focus was on spending for the farms in less favored areas, now renamed Areas of Natural Constraint (ANC). Cluster analysis was employed for seven countries out of 105 rural development programs (RDPs). The Countries include Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The average share of the wider ANC measures was 0.31 of the total public funds. Within Central Europe, Hungary sets aside the smallest share (0.17), whereas the Czech Republic and Austria introduced a slightly larger share (0.51). All RDPs identified Capital Investments in physical assets as one of the significant measures. The study found that public goods for biodiversity and landscapes were entailed in the ANC measures, although the extent of measure complementarity across all regions will require further investigation. Finally, unresolved questions about expenditure are highlighted.

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Taylor, Zbigniew, and Ariel Ciechański. "Foreign Direct Investment in non-urban public transport in Visegrad Group (V4) countries." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2018, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_18_03_02.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes and draw generalizations relating to the processes of foreign direct investments (FDI) in the non-urban public transport in the countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary), after 1989. The processes observed lead mainly to the so-called brownfield investments and cover both bus operators, as well as rail carriers. The focus is placed on comprehensive overview of the activities of the largest investor (the German national railway DB) existing in all four countries of the V4 Group, and leading railway services in the most of the described countries.

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Bočková, Nina, and Tomáš Meluzín. "R&D investments as Possible Factors of Company’s Competitiveness." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 6 (2016): 1857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664061857.

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This article describes the impact of R&D investment to on the economic stability in the Czech electronics industry in the period 2007–2014. Increasing the competitiveness of companies is conditional on the systematic investments, development and stability of companies. Searching for competitive advantage through innovation may be one of the ways of how to obtaining a stab. market position in the industry. The aim of this article was is to determine whether there are relations between changes of economic indicators and the reporting process of research activities for innovative companies in the electronics industry. The research was conducted among 103 companies based in the Czech Republic, which invested in R&D in 2007 – 2013. The comparison was made between companies which invested in the 2007 – 2013 in the annual or occasional R&D. Two subgroups were established and companies in each subgroup were monitored companies according to their size. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to assess if relationships among R&D Expenditure and Operating Revenue were preserved across periods. Two hypotheses were formulated and verified on the basis of statistical data processing of innovative companies. The results showed that innovative companies had the ability to better capitalize on their asset base, and they are better able to cover their needs from their own resources better than other companies of in the electronics industry. Their ability to provide a return on equity varies by according to company size. Innovative companies showed an ability to reach a positive outcome from operating activities. The coefficient of self-financing for SMEs is for SMEs constantly above the industry mean and increases with the length of period of time. This trend was not confirmed for micro-companies and large companies this trend was not confirmed.

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Castiglione, C., L. Grochová, D. Infante, and J. Smirnova. "The demand for beer in presence of past consumption and advertising in the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 12 (December 22, 2011): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/103/2010-agricecon.

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The paper focuses on beer consumption in the Czech Republic, the country with the highest beer consumption per capita in the world. To understand the recent beer-consumption behaviour, we use the monthly data from a three year period, 2006–2008, to estimate both the 2SLS and the SUR model charting the demand for beer extended to the past consumption and advertising expenditure. The demand for beer in the Czech Republic reacts more strongly to the changes in price than it does to the investments in advertising. The results suggest two implications for the policy-makers. Consumption is as sensitive to the price of beer and its alternatives as it is to advertising, so taxes or restrictions on advertising can affect the consumption of beer, considering the long tradition of Czech consumers in drinking beer as the strong role of the past consumption demonstrates.  

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Špička, Jindřich. "How does public investment support change the capital structure and productivity of small enterprises? An empirical study of the food industry." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 8 (December 7, 2018): 1045–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2018.0009.

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The impact evaluations of public investments are essential for policymakers to evaluate the effectiveness of public resource allocation. European public investment subsidies target small companies to enhance their competitiveness and viability in the market. This article uses the average treatment effect and the difference-in-difference approach to evaluate the impacts of investment support from the Rural Development Programme and the Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovation on structural and economic indicators of small enterprises. This representative case study of 550 supported small companies from the Czech food and beverage industry during 2007-2015 clearly shows that investment subsidies increase the fixed assets, the credit-to-debt ratio and the labour productivity of supported companies versus nonparticipants. However, the discussion with recent studies indicates that this is not always positive for participants since high growth versus nonparticipants could result in crowding-out effects and increasing long-term and short-term debt that negatively impact technical efficiency.

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Hromádka, V., J. Korytárová, and E. Vítková. "Occurrences in Czech Railway Infrastructure and their Relation to the Economic Efficiency of Investments." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 660 (December 4, 2019): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/660/1/012014.

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Pindorová, Šárka. "FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN THE PERIOD 2004-2017: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Acta academica karviniensia 19, no. 1 (March 19, 2019): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25142/aak.2019.005.

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Lajtkepová, Eva. "Global COVID-19 Pandemic and Indebtedness of Municipalities with Extended Power in the Czech Republic." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219201023.

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Research background:In theory, indebtedness of municipalities is only ever associated with the acquisition of investments. It is advised that indebtedness should be regulated by the state, but there is a risk of limiting investment in local infrastructure.Purpose of the article:According to Act No. 23/2017 Coll., municipalities must regulate their own indebtedness and comply with the fiscal rule on pain of penalty. The aim of this text is to provide an analysis and examine the prospects of compliance with the fiscal rule in 205 municipalities with extended power. The analysis is carried out between 2017 and 2019, the risks of compliance in the following years mainly relate to the emerging economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Given the subject of the analysis, secondary data was used for the research. Data was taken from the Monitor database operated by the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. The obtained data had been processed using standard statistical methods.Findings & Value added:To date, the indebtedness of municipalities with extended power is not excessive: the mean and median values are still well below the legal limit. Still, there are some municipalities where the legal limit has been exceeded, or whose indebtedness is nearing the limit. In the event of reduced tax revenue, which is to be expected in the coming years, these municipalities will struggle to comply with the fiscal rule. The consequences will include halting or limiting local investment, and/or reducing the quality of local public goods.

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Hedvičáková, Martina, and Martin Král. "Performance Evaluation Framework under the Influence of Industry 4.0: The Case of the Czech Manufacturing Industry." E+M Ekonomie a Management 24, no. 1 (March 2021): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/001/2021-1-008.

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The current economic situation creates general pressure to increase performance. Any inefficient use of production factors will lead to problems and long-term economic unsustainability in many industries. The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic will also have a negative impact on all sectors of the economy and the faster onset of the fourth industrial revolution. The article, therefore, proposes a new framework for the performance evaluation of the manufacturing industry, which is based on the composite performance indicator. This indicator is obtained by a cross-sectoral comparison of all sub-key performance indicators. Using cluster analysis and analysis of variance, a total of 6 indicators to evaluate performance in the manufacturing industry were selected as statistically significant. The added value of the whole concept is its direct independence on the economic situation, which eliminates short-term economic oscillations that would be reflected in classical methods of performance evaluation otherwise. The results show that some industries are more efficient in the long run due to their effective investments in the capital, which replaces the labour factor and creates room for the realization of relatively higher profits. By contrast, some sectors, despite high investments, do not achieve the desired level of performance – these investments are not efficient or they are complementary to the labour factor, thus denying the principles of Industry 4.0. It thus creates preconditions for increasing dependence on external factors and, at the same time, makes the given sectors in a freely competitive environment economically unsustainable in the long run.

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Bockova, Nina. "Research, development and innovations in Czech manufacture of electronic products." Equilibrium 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2015.041.

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The paper deals with the topic of research and development investments and its use in small and medium-sized enterprises SME’s operating in the electronic industry. The aim of the article is to find out the impact of innovation activities on enterprises, especially the influence of the sources of funding for the research activity. The Czech Republic is the geographic segment to be explored. A chapter on theoretical issues is followed by a description of the current situation in the Czech Republic and abroad, and access to legal support for research and development in the business sector. Primary data collected from a survey are analysed in the analytical part. The statistical data processing was done using Statistica 12 software. Some SME’s of chosen group of manufacturing industry focus on research and development performed by their own means, and they searched for the possibility of financing the research from various sources.

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Šperková, Radka, and Renata Skýpalová. "Strategic options for newly entering companies into the wine sector in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 7 (2012): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260070387.

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Market environment is currently characterised by a constant dynamic development and changing conditions. The wine sector in the Czech Republic has passed and still passes through a number of changes which affect the decisions of business entities that are considering whether to enter the industry or not. The importance of strategic management is on the rise in this area as well as the significance of a company strategies creation which give the company the instructions how to use their distinctive ability and transform it into a competitive advantage. With regard to the distribution of market shares of each of the companies in the market, it is considered that the market will enter two different size firms, i.e. company A and B, in which the fundamental assumptions have been chosen so that they simulate two extreme examples of enterprises that might emerge in the market. The two chosen types of businesses are proposed recommendations focused on the most effective entry with the use of a methodological tool – GE Matrix (General Electric). For the micro-enterprise (company B) it was a careful entry with minimising the entry investment, differentiation of production and subsequent gradual increase of the market share. For medium-sized enterprise (company A) it means the need of high investments, primarily to the purchase of technology and marketing.

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Povolná, Lucie, and Jena Švarcová. "The Macroeconomic Context of Investments in the Field of Machine Tools in the Czech Republic." Journal of Competitiveness 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7441/joc.2017.02.08.

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Kalenda, Jan, Ilona Kočvarová, and Jitka Vaculíková. "Determinants of Participation in Nonformal Education in the Czech Republic." Adult Education Quarterly 70, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741713619878391.

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This study deals with key determinants of participation in the nonformal education (NFE) of adults in the Czech Republic (CZE). Our results are based on a secondary analysis of two Adult Education Surveys carried out in the CZE in 2011 ( n = 10,190) and 2016 ( n = 12,272). Determinants of participation are modelled through logistic regression and decision tree algorithm. The results show that the recent trend of participation in NFE has significantly increased to nearly 40% of adults. In this regard, we argue that this increase is an outcome of the higher investments of employers into NFE in the past 5 years, which has led to a higher proportion of low-skilled workers included in job-related training. Nevertheless, this does not mean that inequality in Czech NFE is decreasing, as the main predictors of participation in NFE remain the same: (a) current employment status, (b) active attitude to learning opportunities, and (c) educational attainment.

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Spilková, Jana. "Contact systems, modern agglomeration advantages and foreign investors." Geografie 109, no. 3 (2004): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2004109030252.

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So far, research on behaviour of foreign investors, their location decisions and contact systems and changing meaning of agglomeration advantages have been on the margin of both theoretical and empirical research in the Czech geography. This article is an introduction to these research problems that gain rising importance due to increasing foreign direct investments in the Czech Republic and also due to political efforts to support successful settlement of current foreign investors. First, the article explains the notion of contact system and gives a review of the most important literature concerned with this field of study. Second, it deals with the role of information in the modern competitive environment and with the new meaning of agglomeration advantages. Crucial theses on the topic are presented and briefly discussed. Finally, a further research agenda is sketched out and key research questions are outlined.

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Hamuľáková, Klára, and Jana Petrov Křiváčková. "Alternative Methods of Collective Disputes Resolution in the Czech Republic." Baltic Journal of European Studies 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2016-0014.

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Abstract On 11 June 2013, the Commission issued the Recommendation on common principles for injunctive and compensatory collective redress mechanisms in the Member States concerning the violations of rights granted under Union law. The main areas where private enforcement of rights granted under Union law in the form of collective redress is of value are consumer protection, competition, environment protection, protection of personal data, financial services legislation and protection of investments. Point 13 of the Recommendation concurrently emphasises that the principles it puts forward relate both to judicial and out-of-court collective redress. The Member States should ensure that judicial collective redress mechanisms are accompanied by appropriate means of collective alternative dispute resolution available to the parties before and throughout the litigation. Point 25 et seq. of the Recommendation then contains special regulations concerning collective alternative dispute resolution and settlements. The purpose of this article is to evaluate if the current legislation on alternative dispute resolution in the Czech Republic meets the principles encompassed in the Recommendation or if radical legal changes need to be adopted.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Investments, Czech'

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