Relevant bibliographies by topics / Investments, soviet union

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Investments, soviet union'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Investments, soviet union"

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Ershov, Vitalii F. "EUROPEAN UNION FINANCIAL POLICY IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY. EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian studies. History. Political science. International relations, no. 3 (2020): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2020-3-10-28.

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The paper deals with the formation of a modern style of financial relations between the European Union and post-Soviet states. The author explores the objectives and features of the implementation of two main components of the European financial policy in the post-Soviet space: investment in the development and commercial activities of private capital. The EU financial policy in the post-Soviet states advances in the context of pan-European humanitarian, geopolitical and energy concepts established at the beginning of the 21st century. Despite certain differences that exist in the approaches of the European Union to dialogue with groups of countries within the frameworks of the Eastern Partnership and the EU Strategy for Central Asia, a common line is seen here on investments in promoting the education, European values, legal standards of banking. At the same time, in relations between Europe and the post-Soviet countries there is a tendency towards the adoption of the principles of financial pragmatism and a desire for long-term investment ties. The expanding role of the European banks and investment companies in economic life in the post-Soviet space is in direct connection with the realization of the modernization potential in post-Soviet states.
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ALDIYAROVA, Aidana. "KAZAKHSTAN: A CASE STUDY IN STATE SUCCESSION TO INVESTMENT TREATIES." Public Administration and Civil Service, no. 3-78 (September 29, 2021): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2021-319.

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Two arbitral cases were initiated against Kazakhstan on the basis of the 1989 Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments. The tribunal of the first case (World Wide Minerals v. Republic of Kazakhstan) determined that Kazakhstan was a legal successor to the Canada-USSR BIT and found breaches of fair and equitable treatment. While in the second case (Gold Pool Limited Partnership v. Republic of Kazakhstan) the tribunal rejected the claimant’s argument that the Canada-USSR BIT was applicable to Kazakhstan. Since the decisions in these two cases have not been published, there is currently speculation that investors from other states besides Canada can take advantage of the Soviet Union’s treaties, even if there is no treaty in force with Kazakhstan. Thus, the aim of this paper is to show the legal framework and practice for treaty-making related to investment in Kazakhstan both pre-and post- collapse of the Soviet Union. In particular, this paper examines the relevant international treaties, diplomatic notes, intergovernmental-level statements regarding the succession to the USSR treaties, and the USSR and Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic investment legislations. It also provides recommendations for the future development of state succession and investment treaties.
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Arndt, Melanie. "Environmentalism or Sausages? Politicizing the Environment in the Late Soviet Union." European History Quarterly 52, no. 3 (June 21, 2022): 418–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914221103152.

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This paper analyzes the politicization of the environment in the late Soviet Union based on a new perception of the interconnection between the human being and the ‘rest’ of nature. On the basis of previously ignored sources, it shows the emerging rise and ultimate decline of human subjectivity as a political force in the Soviet Union, and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) in particular. Experts, politicians, and the secret service had long understood the need to conserve natural resources and the ecological consequences of relentless industrialization or nature transformation projects, and they had at least partially attempted to counter them. However, the disclosure, in the late 1980s, of the extent and consequences of the Soviet Union's ecological legacies, particularly the Chernobyl disaster, triggered an unprecedented awareness of the vulnerability of the human body and the Soviet state's disregard of the dangers to human health. This new awareness mobilized Soviet citizens, including state functionaries who had previously seemed untouched by ecological issues, to call for a right to life in an unprecedented way. Despite some achievements, such as new protection laws and investments in health care, this ‘ecological revolution’ was short lived. The social and economic difficulties linked to the collapse of the Soviet Union allowed the concern for a healthy, livable environment to fade into the background again in the early 1990s.
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Pūras, Dainius, and Eglė Šumskienė. "Psichikos negalią turinčių asmenų globa Lietuvoje: priklausomybė nuo paveldėtos paslaugų teikimo kultūros." Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 6 (January 1, 2012): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2012.0.1856.

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Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto Psichiatrijos klinikaVasaros g. 5, tel. (+370 5) 261 10 43. El. paštas: dainius.puras@gmail.comVilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto Socialinio darbo katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, Tel. (+370 5) 266 76 10. El. paštas: egle.sumskiene@gmail.com Straipsnyje nagrinėjama sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto asmenų globa didelėse uždarose stacionariose globos įstaigose. Iki Sovietų Sąjungos žlugimo šios įstaigos ne tik globojo, bet ir izoliavo sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto individus. Tvirtas šių įstaigų pozicijas to meto socialinės apsaugos sistemoje lėmė ideologinės priežastys, dominuojantis defektologijos mokslas, sukurta materialinė ir teisinė bazė, neigiamas visuomenės nusistatymas sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto asmenų atžvilgiu. Žlugus Sovietų Sąjungai, stacionarios globos sistema pasirodė esanti ypač atspari permainoms – ji ne tik atsilaikė prieš bandymus veiksmingai transformuoti, bet ir sulaukė investicijų iš Europos Sąjungos fondų. Atkūrus Nepriklausomybę įvykusios permainos – darbuotojų mokymai, pastatų rekonstrukcija, paslaugų įvairovės didinimas – neatnešė institucinės kultūros, atskirties tradicijos permainų ir tik sustiprino stacionarios globos institucijų padėtį.Tai sudarė prielaidas Lietuvoje susiformuoti unikaliam sutrikusios psichikos ir sutrikusio intelekto asmenų globos būdui, kurį galima įvardyti kaip visuomenės ir valstybės raidai nepalankią ydingo sovietinio paveldo ir atsirinktų ES paramos bei vertybių kombinaciją.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: stacionari globa, psichikos ir intelekto sutrikimai, Europos Sąjunga, ideologija.Care for persons with memental disability: dependency on inherited culture of srevicesDainius Pūras, Eglė Šumskienė SummaryGoal of this article is to identify main obstacles while transforming Lithuanian system of residential care for persons with mental and intellectual disabilities from repressive and isolating Soviet tradition to individualised community care. During the Soviet times the goal of large residential institutions was to take physical care after individuals with mental and intellectual disabilities as well as to isolate them from the rest of the society. These institutions were deeply anchored in the Soviet system of social assistance, based on the principles of defectology and stigmatizing attitudes towards persons with mental health problems. After collapse of the Soviet Union this system appeared to be eminently resistant to reforms: it withstood attempts of transformation and even managed to receive investments from the European Union structural funds thus strengthening the positions of large residential institutions over modern community care. More than two decades of investments in training of staff, reconstruction of buildings, modernisation of services and other components of mental health services in Lithuania have not resulted in the change of paradigm, as institutional culture and tradition of exclusion remains still very strong.Thus, current system of care for persons with mental and intellectual disabilities in Lithuania can be defined as a combination of strong effects of former Soviet system and selectively chosen components of modern mental health policy and services.Key words: residential care, intellectual and mental disabilities, European Union, ideology.
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Ershov, Vitalii F. "FINANCIAL POLICY OF THE USA AND CANADA IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY (THE CASE OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION MEMBERS)." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian Studies. History. Political Science. International Relations, no. 2 (2021): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2021-2-10-27.

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The paper deals with the development of financial and economic relations of the United States and Canada with post-Soviet states in the context of geopolitical processes in the Eurasian space. The author analyzes the nature of the North American investment capital impact on the internal development of the countries of Eurasia and on the dynamics of Eurasian integration. The paper highlights the most important events in the field of economic diplomacy of the United States and Canada, dynamics of volumes and sectoral focus of North American investments in the Eurasian region. A distinctive feature of the United States and Canada investment policy in the post-Soviet space is its politicization, its involvement in the global geopolitical projects of the West of the 21 st century. American business is most active in the countries of Eurasian Economic Union that already have developed the market institutions – Re- public of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Armenia, but it also acts in the Central Asia countries interested in attracting foreign capital. The work focuses on an analysis of the development of financial and economic rela- tions of the United States and Canada with post-Soviet states by the example of the Eurasian Economic Union members – Republic of Armenia, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyz Republic (except of Russian Federation, whose relationship with the United States and Canada should be the subject of a separate study).
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Huelmo, Clàudia Baró. "Is Kazakhstan a State Successor to the USSR? A Perspective from Investment Treaty Arbitration." ASA Bulletin 36, Issue 2 (May 1, 2018): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2018027.

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In its decision on jurisdiction, the arbitral tribunal in World Wide Minerals v. Republic of Kazakhstan held that Kazakhstan succeeded to the obligations of the Soviet Union with regards to its 1989 Agreement with Canada on the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments. The aim of this article is to examine the potential legal reasoning by which the arbitral tribunal reached this conclusion. In order to do so, the rules of State succession, as partly codified in the 1978 Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties, are considered. Taking special note of the particularities of the case of the USSR, the specific circumstances of the dissolution of the Soviet Union are examined. In particular, the question of which (if any) obligations may have fallen upon Kazakhstan as a former Soviet Republic is explored. The article concludes by suggesting which arguments may have been used by each of the parties with regards to State succession during the arbitral proceeding and why the Tribunal may have found the arguments proposed by the Claimant to be more persuasive. As a result of this decision, the door could be opened for investors wishing to benefit from the protections included in bilateral investment treaties from the USSR-era, which had until now remained inactive or whose commitments had been honoured exclusively by the Russian Federation.
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Zykin, Ivan. "Construction Program of the First and the Second Five-Year Plans in Timber Industry of the USSR: Experience in the Study." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 529–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2588.2020.21(4).529-552.

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Timber industry was a very meaningful component element of the «social industrialization» project in the Soviet Union of the late 1920s and the early 1940s. The national economy and the population of the country were in urgent need of products provided by the industry; timber resources and materials generated much revenue from their export. The main directions and parameters of the forest-timber complex were the subject of the first soviet five-year plans. They included establishing timber-industry centers in the European North, Ural, Siberia and the Far East. The plans also contained the itemized lists of the main construction sites made by the Supreme Council of National Economy of the USSR (for the First Five-Year plan), as well as by the Peoples Commissariat of Timber Industry of the USSR (for the Second Five-Year Plan). The present paper introduces for the first time the analysis of timber industry construction program: investments, dynamics of quantity and value of new construction sites, plan target timelines and completion dates of the construction sites. The analysis was based on the materials of the first and the second five-year plans, in reference to timber industry components and regions of the Soviet Union. The study identified the main investment priorities in regional levels, such as sawmilling and wood processing industries as well as pulp and paper industry. The article also contains conclusions about underperformance of some projects and readjustment of tasks for the Soviet timber industry in 1933-1934 (after failure of the First-Year Plan), while remaining the baselines of the industry.
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Golsong, Heribert. "France-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; Agreement for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments." International Legal Materials 29, no. 2 (March 1990): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900023093.

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Hale-Dorrell, Aaron. "Industrial Farming, Industrial Food: Transnational Influences on Soviet Convenience Food in the Khrushchev Era." Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 42, no. 2 (July 9, 2015): 174–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763324-04202004.

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In the 1960s, food processing and production in the Soviet Union increasingly embraced an ideal inspired by foreign—especially American—innovations. Principles of speed and consistency meant that consumers more often encountered convenience foods, a category including canned vegetables, frozen fruits, and preprepared dishes, as well as popcorn, potato chips, and similar novelties for eating in public places. Detailing attempts to develop output and distribute these foods for consumption in homes and away from them, this article shows that Soviet ideals developed in dialogue those in other industrial societies, entangling the Soviet history with foreign counterparts. Noting that the results substantiate known failures of the state-socialist economy, the article emphasizes how inadequate capital investments limited these policies’ effectiveness. Tapping published sources and documents in the Moscow archives, it underscores how Soviet efforts to produce convenience foods interacted with evolving gender norms, cultural practices related to the home, and popular expectations about consumption.
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LAMBERT, KERI. "‘IT'S ALL WORK AND HAPPINESS ON THE FARMS’: AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN THE BLOCS IN NKRUMAH'S GHANA." Journal of African History 60, no. 01 (March 2019): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853719000331.

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AbstractThis study assesses the agricultural sector under the government of Kwame Nkrumah as a dynamic Cold War front. After Ghana's independence in 1957, Nkrumah asserted that the new nation would guard its sovereignty from foreign influence, while recognizing that it needed foreign cooperation and investment. His government embarked upon a development program with an emphasis on diversifying Ghana's agriculture to decrease her dependence on cocoa. Meanwhile, both the United States and the Soviet Union sought to establish footholds in Ghana through agricultural aid, trade, and investments. In the first years of independence, the Ghanaian state encouraged smallholder farming and American investment. Later, in a sudden change of policy, the government established large-scale state farms along the socialist model. This article brings to light the ways that Ghanaians in rural areas engaged with and interpreted the increasingly interventionist agriculture projects and policies of Nkrumah's government.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Investments, soviet union"

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Mueller, James D. "Process plant contractors in the former Soviet Union and Central/Eastern Europe : identification and analysis of contractor selection criteria." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4138.

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Seck, Andrew Benjamin. "Financing upstream oil and gas ventures in the transitional economies of the former Soviet Union : a study of foreign investment and associated risks." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a6b90028-401b-4686-a715-2b5631df4e98.

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The development of the Foreign Oil and Gas Investment (FOGI) Database permitted a systematic study of all reported upstream projects involving foreign investors throughout FSU, in order to assess the reaction of western capital to the opening up of the FSU's oil industry. While we identified 292 upstream projects either under discussion or development and representing a potential investment of $231 - $308 billion, there is a wide dichotomy between the high level of interest and the low level of investment incurred. It is misleading to assess potential levels of investment in the FSU in isolation of global upstream investments which are estimated at $106 billion per year over the next decade. Of this amount western IOCs are expected to contribute approximately $55 billion per year. The challenge for the FSU is to attract its share (or increase its share) of global upstream capital expenditures. The latter implies a transfer of productive capacity from elsewhere in the world.International efforts vis-ä-vis the World Bank, IFC, EBRD, OPIC and various export credit agencies have failed to inject substantial credits into the FSU's petroleum industry. Disbursements remain slow and their claimed catalytic role appears to be overstated. As the FSU ranks very poorly on a scale of political/country risk, western commercial banks remain wary of extending credits. We believe the rejuvenation of the FSU's oil industry, particularly outside Russia, is pre-conditional upon the involvement of the `Major' IOCs who possess the requisite capital and technology to initiate the necessary projects. But, our research indicates that IOCs are pursuing a cautious policy of self-financing and staggered development. Thus the real onus of financing lies with the host-governments to provide the economic, legal and fiscal environment which will permit these projects to earn sufficient profits for reinvestment. Should such conditions be created in Russia, where a large domestic oil industry already exists, then the domestic industry would likely contribute a large portion of the needed investment as they would themselves be in a position to reinvest their own earnings. There is a strong correlation between levels of potential FDI and the location of known reserves as IOCs seek to minimise geological risk. In Central Asia and the Caspian Sea region where $55 - $75 billion in potential upstream investments have been reported, transportation uncertainty is singled out as the most critical impediment to growth. There are no realistic alternatives to the construction of new pipeline capacity which will act as the ultimate regulator of foreign upstream investment. For the time being large volumes of western investment capital remains cautious and beyond the reach of the FSU's petroleum industry.
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Kashapov, Timur. "Vztahy Československa a Sovětského svazu v době úpadku a rozpadu Sovětské říše." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392670.

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cooperation in the 1970's. Soviet relations during two General Secretaries' reign - Chernenko and examines influence of theirs reform efforts on two countries' Disertační práce se zabývá hospodářsko politickými vztahy Sovětského svazu a Československa v 1992 a zahrnuje analýzu rozličných aspektů tomu je rozčleněna do čtyř kapitol. První 70. letech 20. století, včetně obchodní a vědeckotechnické spolupráce. Druhá kapitola je zaměřena na analýzu změn v českoslove sovětských vztazích v rámci reformních snah dvou generálních tajemníků J.V. Andropova a K.U. Černěnka. Třetí kapitola specifikuje vzájemný obchod v čase a struktuře v Gorbačovovy Perestrojky. Analyzuje se i fenomén perestrojky jak v Sovětském svazu, tak v Československu, objasňují se její podstata a vliv na vzájemné vztahy. této části se též řeší otázka která ze zemí více profitoval ze stávající struktury vzájemného obchodu, investiční činnosti, vědeckotechnické kooperace a aterální kooperace. Verifikuje se také tvrzení, že s ohledem na strukturu obchodu byl Sovětský svaz pro ČSSR významný především dovozem surovin, recipročně Československo reprezentovalo pro sovětské hospodářství důležitý zdroj technologických postupů a pro strojírenské produkci a spotřebních výrobcích. Závěrečná část obsahuje analýzu vývoje obchodní směny, nastiňují se...
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Books on the topic "Investments, soviet union"

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Lewenz, Susan M. H. Introductory guide to joint ventures in the Soviet Union. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, 1990.

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Lewenz, Susan M. H. Introductory guide to joint ventures in the Soviet Union. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, 1990.

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Sherr, Alan B. Foreign direct investment in the Soviet Union: Status and trends. Providence, RI (Brown University, Box 1948, Providence 02912): Center for Foreign Policy and Development and Alan B. Sherr, 1991.

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A, Dyker David, ed. Foreign direct investment and technology transfer in the former Soviet Union. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1999.

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Barbanel, Jack A. Business in the Soviet Union: A primer and overview. Ardsley-on-Hudson, N.Y: Transnational Juris Publications, 1991.

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H, Kalicki Jan, and Lawson Eugene K, eds. Russian-Eurasian renaissance?: U.S. trade and investment in Russia and Eurasia. Washington, D.C: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2003.

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Business ventures in the former Soviet Union: Negotiation and protocol, dos and don'ts. Tulsa, OK: PennWell Pub. Co., 1994.

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Hubert, Gabrisch, ed. Economic reforms in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Boulder: Westview Press, 1989.

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Henley, John. The challenge for international business inthe Central Asian Republics of the former Soviet Union. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Management School, 1995.

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Henley, John. The Challenge for international business in the Central Asian Republics of the former Soviet Union. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh. Department of Business Studies, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Investments, soviet union"

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Okafor, Godwin, and Allan Webster. "Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Economies of Europe and the Former Soviet Union." In Palgrave Dictionary of Emerging Markets and Transition Economics, 413–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-37138-6_22.

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Halldin, Anders. "Factors Affecting Investment Strategies for the Disposition of Industrial Hazardous Waste." In Assessing the Risks of Nuclear and Chemical Contamination in the former Soviet Union, 23–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1645-6_4.

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Lankes, Hans-Peter, and A. J. Venables. "Foreign direct investment in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union: results from a survey of investors." In Lessons from the Economic Transition, 555–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5368-3_32.

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Razin, Assaf. "Immigration Wave: Soviet Jew Exodus." In Israel and the World Economy. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262037341.003.0002.

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The disunion of the Soviet Union and the destruction of communism in the USSR 1987-1991 triggered the recent emigration wave of Soviet Jews to various parts of the world, primarily to Israel. The professional, social, attitudinal and behavioral characteristics of the 1990s Jewish exodus cohort proved to be distinctive. Immigrants came mostly from urban areas, with advanced education systems. Immigration produced massive investments, both in residential structures and in non-residential capital. These investments were so substantial that they increased the capital to labor ratio and facilitated economic growth, aided by the remarkable human capital brought by the immigrants. The massive investments in physical capital and infrastructures were financed by capital imports as immigrants themselves fled their former homes almost penniless and credit constrained so that they hardly saved.
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Karnaukhova, Oxana. "Securitization and the Economy of Risks." In Foreign Direct Investments, 1662–75. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch073.

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In the beginning of the 21st century the society of the Second Modernity with incalculable risks marks human conditions in orientation and self-categorization on the basis of historical memory. The dichotomy “We-Other” influences strategic risk decisions. Security is becoming the umbrella topic referring to public goods, transnational markets, “the specific way of life”. In the context of different agreements and regulations co-existence (such as European Economic Area, Eurasian Economic Union, BRIC etc.) claims for personal and collective safety together with the rhetoric of memorization influences decision-making process and becomes a burden of securitization. The “Eurasian” project of integration is observed in its transformation from being based on the post-Soviet memory toward economically beneficial cooperation. Still the Eurasian Economic Union is seen as vague in its goals and instruments, relying on the approach to economic integration with the reference to the common past, memories and identity.
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Aliyev, Khatai. "Integration to the WTO and Economic Transition in the South Caucasus Economies." In Foreign Direct Investments, 1442–63. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2448-0.ch064.

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Economic transition story in the South Caucasus economies started after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Theoretically, integration to the World Trade Organization (WTO) system should improve the economic transition performance. This research uses the yearly transition indicators by the EBRD to discover the relationship between economic transition performance and integration to the WTO in the contexts of before-and-after WTO membership and before-and-after the end of concession period defined for a new member to implement all obligations. Author employs bivariate de-trended regression analysis estimated by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), individually for Armenia and Georgia, and within a panel analysis covering all three countries of the region. Research findings provide strong evidence of significant positive or acceleratory effect of integration to the WTO on economic transition in the South Caucasus. Surprise finding is insignificant impact over competition policy index, which is supposed to be affected by integration.
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Goff, Krista A. "Making Minorities and National Hierarchies." In Nested Nationalism, 19–60. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753275.003.0002.

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This chapter traces the evolution of Soviet nationality policies in the 1920s and 1930s and highlights early attempts to layer korenizatsiia across titular and nontitular communities in Azerbaijan. It explains what it meant to be a minority in the Soviet Union and about the process of minoritization there. It also describes an informal hierarchy that began forming among nationalities in those early decades and kept shifting in subsequent years. The chapter talks about nontitular and titular nationalities in the Soviet Union as inconsistent national cultural investments which meant that Moscow treated various titular populations differently and there was often little coherence to the nontitular category. It focuses on the example of Azerbaijan, which shows that national cultural resources varied widely across nontitular populations throughout the 1920s and 1930s.
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Shirobokova, Ekaterina, and Fe Amor Parel Gudmundsson. "Trends in Global Oil Investments Over the Past 20 Years." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 34–49. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8335-7.ch003.

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Today, energy is an irreplaceable resource without which it is impossible to imagine the life of modern society. Oil, as the most important energy resource, has a significant impact on both individual economies and the world economy. The main objective of this chapter is to identify the relationship between oil supply and oil demand of developed and developing countries on the example of OECD and Former Soviet Union countries. The changes that took place in supply and demand in the oil market from 2000 to 2020 are investigated. The chapter uses graphic and mathematical analysis. It is clear with a fair amount of confidence that the oil demand in developed countries is higher than their supply, and the supply of oil in developing countries is rather more than demand. Also, the chapter draws attention to investments in the oil industry, including on the example of Russia as a former USSR country, analyzes their current state, and draws appropriate conclusions.
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Rumer, Boris. "Problems of Soviet Investment Policy." In The Soviet Union 1984/85, 139–48. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429314827-15.

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10

Goldman, Marshall I. "Soviet Economic Trends, with Special Emphasis on Investment and Energy Policies." In The Soviet Union in Transition, 72–88. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429314933-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Investments, soviet union"

1

Ürüt Kelleci, Serap, and Emine Fırat. "Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investments and Economic Growth: The Azerbaijan Sample." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01929.

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Today, foreign direct investment is very important for both developed and developing countries. It is seen as an opportunity to overcome the inadequacy of capital, especially in developing countries. It is expected that these investments will make a serious contribution in solving the problems related to the balance of payments, in the realization of the investments that will enable the growth of the economies, in increasing the employment. The study will examine the size, development and effects of foreign capital in Azerbaijan economy. Azerbaijan, which is also known as transition economies, has gone from the Soviet Union in 1991 to regulating its economic structure from the beginning. At this point, they have undertaken various reforms to improve their inadequate investment capabilities and to attract foreign direct investment into the country. In this respect, they tried to have a share of this great pasty shared by the developed countries in the world. In this study, firstly foreign direct investments and economic effects will be examined. Then, general information about Azerbaijani economy will be given and the dimensions and effects of foreign direct investments in Azerbaijan will be revealed. After the literature review on the subject has been made, the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment in Azerbaijan will be empirically analyzed. The figures for Azerbaijan during the period 1995-2015 were obtained from the World Bank.
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Stepina, Mairita, and Modrite Pelse. "European Union funding support to Latvian municipalities for degraded areas revitalization." In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.033.

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The formation and existence of degraded areas is one of the consequences of civilization, which has a negative impact on both the environment and economic development in the municipality. The problem of degraded areas has been faced by all countries worldwide, including Latvia, when as a result of the change of the state political system in the 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet system, a large number of inactive production companies appeared, resulting in a significant number of polluted / degraded areas. To solve the existing problem, local governments in Latvia use European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) funding under the Operational Program ‘Growth and Employment’ 5.6.2, specific support objective ‘Revitalization of territories by regenerating degraded areas in accordance with local government integrated development programs’ (SSO 5.6.2) to ensure the sustainable development of the territory by revitalizing degraded areas. In the implementation of projects, local governments must ensure the fulfilment of the indicators planned in the projects in the following groups of indicators: the area of degraded areas has been renewed, adapted for the location of new businesses or expansion of existing businesses in order to promote employment and economic activity in local governments; new jobs created in supported areas; non-financial investments made by businesses located in the supported territory in their own intangible investments and fixed assets. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the indicators of the implemented projects in order to be able to draw conclusions about the financial aspects of the project implementation and the progress of the project implementation.
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BRYLEV, Andrei A., Anastasia N. MITROFANOVA, and Victoria A. KHOTEEVA. "CHANGING ROLE OF PENSION FUNDS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES AS SOURCES OF HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING IN THE LONG TERM: THE EXAMPLE OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION." In International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.644.

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Purpose – the main objective of this study is to assess the impact of investments in pension and insurance schemes on household well-being, based on an analysis of data from the countries of the former Soviet Union in the long term. Research methodology – using empirical analysis, the assets and liabilities of households are examined, divided into the main financial market instruments in the selected countries. Findings – the calculations confirmed the relationship between total household assets and assets held in life insurance reserves and pension schemes. Research limitations – the choice of the countries is determined by the similarity of the economies and the political and social systems. Also, the choice of countries is due to the lack of data, so the number of countries studied was reduced to 6. Practical implications – the results of this study will be useful for national governments and major institutional investors. Originality/Value – although similar studies were conducted on the basis of data from OECD countries, a comparable cross-country analysis was not conducted on the data of the countries of the former Soviet Union. Further, on the basis of the obtained data, it is planned to conduct a correlation and regression analysis to identify the statistical relationship.
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Azer, Özlem Arzu. "The Central Asia and Caucasia Politics of China in the Context of Energy Security." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00441.

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After the dissolution of Soviet Union, the geo-strategical importance of Caucasia, the Central Asia and the Black Sea region increased fastly. This transition period had been difficult while central planned economies had transformed into free market economies and meet capitalism. Geo-strategic importance of the region increased for the West and Russia as well as some countries as China due to the oil and gas resources besides being transit countries of the energy pipelines. The Central Asia, Caucasia and the Black Sea Region had been so important because the region owns rich natural resources and pipelines as well as being a door to Afghanistan and the exit to the Black Sea. During Post Cold-War era, the region became a chess table for imperial countries. While USA and Russia had been playing hegemony game in this region, some other countries as China had been investing silently in important areas. The investments of China in the region are actually so invincible. In this paper, it will be analysed the investments of China in this region and its economically and political interest in Caucasia and the Central Asia.
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Doğan, Harun. "A Test of the McKinnon’s Complementarity Hypothesis between Money and Physical Capital in the Case of Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00330.

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The main purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the validity of McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis on economic growth of Kyrgyzstan for the period of 1996–2009. McKinnon’s (1973) central thesis argues poorly functioning financial systems in developing countries may effect investment quality and growth rate of the economy in negative direction. McKinnon’s (1973) complementary hypothesis predicts that money and investment are complementary, to the contrast neoclassical and Keynesian theory, due to a self-financed investment in developing economies. In other words, according to McKinnon, financial liberalization should generate positive impacts on growth as consequence of positive relation between money and physical capital in developing countries after financial liberalization. The empirical researches conducted on complementarity hypothesis have found mixed results on the link between money and physical capital. However, empirical analysis of Kyrgyzstan’s economy is very important because of its peculiarities, it has both a trancition and developing economy, which in case of the McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis is very essential. Thus, Kyrgyzstan, as many developing countries, have undertaken financial liberalization programs during the past twenty years after collapse of Soviet Union. Therefore, the study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits, private investments, economic growth, and domestic savings behavior in Kyrgyzstan, using annual time series data for 1996-2009 with techniques of ARDL Cointegration Error Correction Model. The results does not support the McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis between money and physical capital on the period for 1996-2009 in the Kyrgyzstan’s Economy.
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Mgebrishvili, Nikolozi. "Multifunctional Sensor-Based Monitoring System for Identifying Vehicle Characteristics." In IEEE/ASME/ASCE 2008 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2008-63041.

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The intensification of investments into international transportation and the resulting intense growth of traffic volume and speed of railroad consists predetermines the need for increased safety and reliability of railroad operation. Current safety requirements revealed the urgent need for monitoring safety of rolling stock. The author designed a multifunctional wayside monitoring system that allows to identify the type and speed of passing vehicles, count the number of axles in the consist, and also determine the condition of car wheels and axles that may potentially present the risk to safe operations. The monitoring system is based on the use of intelligent sensors. Four such sensors are placed along the rail. The number of sensors is driven by the different distances between axles for commuter, passenger and freight trains operated in the countries of Former Soviet Union. For a given direction of the train the distance between the first sensor and the following other three sensors corresponds to the distances between axles of different types of vehicles. The electrical signals generated in each sensor are registered in the computer-based system that is located nearby and is hard-wired with the sensors. The computation system keeps count of number of axles passed, and computes the speed of the train. At the same time, the analog signals from the sensors, the magnitude of which represents the magneto-inductive characteristics of the wheel set depending on the state of their wear, are processed by the diagnostic system that determines the level of wheel wear. A special algorithm, developed by the author is used for identifying a type of the wheel wear. The system developed by the author is unique. It is patented in Russia and Georgia. There are no analogous technical solutions for the system to perform the named above multiple tasks. The monitoring system can be used for train location determination, for wayside diagnostics of rolling stock, for identification the type of vehicles and monitoring their movements in tunnels, for controlling the speed of vehicles, especially on steep descents, and for identification of the type and amount of passing vehicles in yards, repair facilities, depots and sidings. Equipping certain segments of railroad tracks with such monitoring devices will increase the effectiveness of railroad operation since the most vital characteristic of the passing vehicles will be monitored, which would allow to prevent potential accidents.
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Ibrahim, Thomas, and Claudio Vekstein. "Appropriate, Adapt, Inhabit: The Recreation of Public Space in the Republic of Georgia." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.32.

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The collapse of the Soviet Union marked the beginning of the difficult deconstruction of the regime and ideology which controlled the East for the majority of the 20th Century. In the Republic of Georgia, Soviet collapse catalyzed a series of ethnically prompted conflicts and civil war which prevented the unification of the country under a national agenda, thus creating fertile ground for corruption, privatization and sale of public space. The earliest example of the corrupt transfer of property was the sale of the former Palace of Rituals, in Tbilisi, to Georgian oligarch Badri Patarkatsishvili, which is still primarily used as a private residence by his family. After the Rose Revolution in 2003, Georgia faced rapid institutional reforms under President Mikheil Saakashvili, who legitimized his regime by unifying regions that continuously identified as Georgian (excluding territories Abkhazia and S. Ossetia), collecting revenues via taxation, and attracting the foreign investment that Georgia desperately neede
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8

Kuzu, Serdar. "The Position of Central Asian Republics in the World Energy Market." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00480.

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Central Asian Republics contain a grand potential in itself through their rich natural resources and strategic locations on the Silk Road between east and west. However, international production and trade share of Turkic Republics is very low. Natural resources are among the most important elements for economic structure. Natural resources that hold by Turkic Republics have had an increasing importance in the world energy market since the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Many international firms have focused on this district in order to have a say in the production and distribution of energy resources. Within this period, the starting up of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipe Line and studies on the Nabucco Project have contributed to the economies and stability of Turkic Republics. Important gas and petroleum exporting countries such as Kazakhistan, Azerbaijan have gotten high rates of growth depend especially on the natural resources export. However, gains provided by natural resources can create negative effects on income distribution of countries despite their positive effects on economic growth. Economic structure depend natural resources should be diversified for Turkic Republics in order to invest earnings come from natural resources efficiently. This is also very important for the intraregional trade and investment. Thus, logistic structure that could transport natural resources to other markets becomes very important. This study focuses on the positions of energy resources of Kazakhistan, Azerbaijan, Kirghizstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan as Turkic Republics in the world energy market and their effects on the economies of these countries.
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Garayeva, Narmina, Gasham Zeynalov, Elkhan Ahmadov, Agarza Hajiyev, Farid Rahimov, and Aida Aslanova. "The UNFC Concept and the Possibility of its Application in Azerbaijan." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207055-ms.

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Abstract Moving towards sustainable development, Azerbaijan joining SDG Agenda 2030 adheres to the policy of developing both hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon resources for economic diversification. At the same time, efficient resource management becomes a vital process at the governmental and transnational companies’ levels. Therefore, a competent classification and structuring of all reserves and resources will be inevitable soon to improve their accurate estimates and effective management in various aspects, including resource availability, technical feasibility, and environmental-socio-economic viability. The importance of the latter is indisputable since social and environmental stability is an essential component of the country's sustainable economic development policy. From this perspective, the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) is seen as a tool to help accomplish these tasks and provide simple screening and verification procedures for evaluating future investment projects. Given that hydrocarbon reserves make a significant contribution to the economy, a study on the application and adaptation of UNFC to local petroleum resource management has been granted as a pilot project to assess the feasibility of its further implementation for other energy and mineral reserves and resources of the country. The UNFC current state analysis as a global standard for classifying energy and mineral resources and their applications is carried out to launch the project. The review covers various case studies, including the classification of hydrocarbon reserves and resources (HCRR) using UNFC (Mexico project, transition projects to the classification of the Russian Federation, etc.), as well as mineral resources in different countries. The research primary goal is to screen different approaches and techniques to assess the practicality of their application to petroleum reserves and resources of Azerbaijan in transferring currently used old Former Soviet Union HCRR classification to UNFC, possibly via PRMS. In addition, a Case Study Research based on the Field A data in Azerbaijan is conducted.
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Garayeva, Narmina, Gasham Zeynalov, Elkhan Ahmadov, Agarza Hajiyev, Farid Rahimov, and Aida Aslanova. "The UNFC Concept and the Possibility of its Application in Azerbaijan." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207055-ms.

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Abstract Moving towards sustainable development, Azerbaijan joining SDG Agenda 2030 adheres to the policy of developing both hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon resources for economic diversification. At the same time, efficient resource management becomes a vital process at the governmental and transnational companies’ levels. Therefore, a competent classification and structuring of all reserves and resources will be inevitable soon to improve their accurate estimates and effective management in various aspects, including resource availability, technical feasibility, and environmental-socio-economic viability. The importance of the latter is indisputable since social and environmental stability is an essential component of the country's sustainable economic development policy. From this perspective, the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) is seen as a tool to help accomplish these tasks and provide simple screening and verification procedures for evaluating future investment projects. Given that hydrocarbon reserves make a significant contribution to the economy, a study on the application and adaptation of UNFC to local petroleum resource management has been granted as a pilot project to assess the feasibility of its further implementation for other energy and mineral reserves and resources of the country. The UNFC current state analysis as a global standard for classifying energy and mineral resources and their applications is carried out to launch the project. The review covers various case studies, including the classification of hydrocarbon reserves and resources (HCRR) using UNFC (Mexico project, transition projects to the classification of the Russian Federation, etc.), as well as mineral resources in different countries. The research primary goal is to screen different approaches and techniques to assess the practicality of their application to petroleum reserves and resources of Azerbaijan in transferring currently used old Former Soviet Union HCRR classification to UNFC, possibly via PRMS. In addition, a Case Study Research based on the Field A data in Azerbaijan is conducted.
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Reports on the topic "Investments, soviet union"

1

Parrott, Bruce. The Politics of Tradeoffs Among Consumption, Investment, and Defense in the Soviet Union. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269631.

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