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1
Melber, Henning, and Roger Southall. "Zimbabwe’s Foreign Policy Under Mnangagwa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 56, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909620986579.
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Under the presidency of Mnangagwa, Zimbabwe’s foreign policy is characterized by the desire to ‘re-engage’ with the West with a view to securing the removal of sanctions and encouraging investment. In this, it has received the backing of the African Union and Southern African Development Community states. Simultaneously, the violence of the Mnangagwa regime has reinforced the reluctance of the West to remove sanctions, and Zimbabwe has even begun to test the patience of its neighbours. The government has placed renewed faith in the ‘Look East Policy’, but China is seeking to match its investments with tighter control.
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Mehlum, Halvor. "Zimbabwe: Investments, credibility and the dynamics following trade liberalization." Economic Modelling 19, no. 4 (August 2002): 565–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-9993(00)00071-7.
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Manyanga, Taru, Daga Makaza, Carol Mahachi, Tholumusa F. Mlalazi, Vincent Masocha, Paul Makoni, Eberhard Tapera, Bhekuzulu Khumalo, Sipho H. Rutsate, and Mark S. Tremblay. "Results From Zimbabwe’s 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, s2 (November 2016): S337—S342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0304.
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Background:The report card was a synthesis of the best available evidence on the performance of Zimbabwean children and youth on key physical activity (PA) indicators. The aim of this article was to summarize the results from the 2016 Zimbabwe Report Card.Methods:The Report Card Working Group gathered and synthesized the best available evidence, met, discussed and assigned grades to 10 indicators based on the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance global matrix grading system.Results:The indicators were graded as follows: overall PA (C+), organized sport participation (B), active play (D+), active transportation (A-), sedentary behaviors (B), school (D), family and peers (Incomplete), community and the built environment (F), government (D) and nongovernmental organizations (Incomplete).Conclusions:Although the majority of children used active transport, played organized sports and engaged in acceptable levels of PA, most of them did not meet the recommended hours of unstructured/unorganized play per day. At present, there are limited data to accurately inform the Zimbabwe Report Card therefore studies employing robust research designs with representative samples are needed. Zimbabwe also needs to prioritize policies and investments that promote greater and safe participation in PA among children and youth.
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Saungweme, Talknice, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "Does Public Debt Service Expenditure Crowd-Out Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from an African Developing Country." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Oeconomica 64, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/subboec-2019-0013.
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Abstract This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the impact of public debt service on economic growth; and it provides an evidence-based approach to public policy formulation in Zimbabwe. The empirical analysis was performed by applying the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique to annual time-series data from 1970 to 2017. The study findings reveal that the impact of public debt service on economic growth in Zimbabwe is negative in the short run but positive in the long run. The results are suggestive of the existence of a crowding-out effect of public debt service in Zimbabwe in the short run and a crowding-in effect in the long run. In view of these findings, the government should consider fiscal and financial policies that promote a constant supply of long-term finance, long-term fixed investments, and extension of a government securities maturity structure so as to ensure sustainable short- and long-term public debt service expenditures. The study further recommends the strengthening of non-distortionary revenue mobilisation reforms to reduce market distortions and boost domestic investment.
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Rakhman, Reza Aulia. "Di Balik Ketergantungan Zimbabwe terhadap Investasi Tiongkok Pasca Nasionalisasi Yuan sebagai Mata Uang Zimbabwe." Jurnal Sentris 1, no. 1 (August 24, 2020): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v1i1.4191.30-39.
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On December 22nd 2015, President Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe officially declared that Zimbabwe will nationalize Yuan as official national currency. This policy is being done in order to solve default against Zimbabwe's debt to China. In return, China will pay off Zimbabwe's debt. By having this policy, foreign direct investment (FDI) as a foreign aid given by China will impact the economy development of Zimbabwe. This paper will examine Zimbabwe’s interdependence to China’s investment after nationalize Yuan as Zimbabwe’s currency with Theory of Foreign Capital Dependence and Development: A New Direction by Jeffrey Kentor and Terry Boswell
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Taruberekera, Noah, Kumbirai Chatora, Staci Leuschner, Malvern Munjoma, Hardwin Sithole, Sumathi Balasubramanian, Faith Jiyeong Park, Ryan Rego, Andrea Rowan, and Kim Longfield. "Strategic donor investments for strengthening condom markets: The case of Zimbabwe." PLOS ONE 14, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): e0221581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221581.
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Tanyanyiwa, Shadreck. "Hunger by Choice? Rethinking Food Security Strategies." European Journal of Development Studies 1, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdevelop.2021.1.2.17.
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Food insecurity is a global threat with devastating effects, particularly in ‘developing’ countries. This threat is worsened by a parochial perspective in most of southern Africa that associates food security with the major staple crop maize. This bias is witnessed in the amount of land, investments, research, and marketing allocated to maize, in comparison to traditional crops such as millet, rapoko and sorghum. However, increased investments in agriculture, particularly maize production has failed to translate to increased production of the crop, particularly in Zimbabwe. The vagaries of climate-change manifested through droughts, coupled with man-made policy disasters are evidence enough to factor diversified production systems to include traditional crops into the food security basket.
Since independence in 1980, Zimbabwe has experienced more than a dozen drought periods, which translates into multi-million dollar food imports. To feed the growing number of food insecure people, the solution could be in the shunned small grains, whose resilience in harsh conditions compared to maize, calls for urgent transformation and orchestration of the food security basket. Through renewed focus on traditional crops, Zimbabwe and other countries in east and southern African could attain food secure status and ensure that food as a human right is available to all.
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Matiza, Tafadzwa, and Sandra Perks. "Human Capital Reputation as an Antecedent of Foreign Direct Investment Market Entry in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5 (October 21, 2017): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5.1922.
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This paper examines the influence that the reputation of Zimbabwe’s human capital has as an antecedent of FDI market entry opportunities in the country. By synthesizing nation branding, behavioural finance and foreign direct investment theory, this paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge in human capital as a determinant influencing foreign investor behaviour within an African economic context. Empirical data was generated from a self-administered online survey of a purposively sampled population of 305 foreign investors within the Zimbabwean context. Exploratory factor analysis extracted the items that constituted the Zimbabwean human capital construct, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients being utilized to measure the reliability of the measuring instrument. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment coefficients and multiple regression analysis were employed to further analyze the data. The results revealed that foreign investors considered the availability of a sustainable, highly productive, skilled, retainable and inexpensive workforce, as the influential human capital attributes they considered for FDI to Zimbabwe. The empirical evidence further affirmed that the reputation of Zimbabwe’s human capital is an antecedent for resource- and efficiency-seeking FDI typologies to Zimbabwe. As a result, practical guidelines are provided for the Government of Zimbabwe and the Zimbabwe Investment Authority on the potential development and promotion of Zimbabwe’s human capital for the purpose of positively influencing investor behaviour, thereby attracting FDI to the country.
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Mwadzingeni, Liboster, Raymond Mugandani, and Paramu L. Mafongoya. "Assessing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Smallholder Irrigation Schemes of Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 10023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810023.
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Globally, climate change poses enormous threats to the livelihoods of rural communities in arid and semi-arid regions. Assessing the extent of vulnerability is critical to identify climate hot spots and develop appropriate adaptation policies and strategies. This paper uses the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and the Livelihood Vulnerability Index—Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (LVI-IPCC) to compare vulnerability to climate change in the Exchange, Insukamini, and Ruchanyu smallholder irrigation schemes (SISs) in the Midlands Province of Zimbabwe. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 317 randomly selected households. Results show higher exposure and sensitivity to climate change in the Insukamini irrigation scheme despite the higher adaptive capacity. Both LVI and LVI-IPCC show that households in Insukamini irrigation scheme are more vulnerable to climate change than in Exchange and Ruchanyu irrigation schemes, attributed to water insecurity, poor social networks, and natural disasters and climate variability. The study recommends that development and investment in Insukamini and Ruchanyu should prioritize improving social networks while Exchange should primarily focus on improving livelihood strategies. Using the LVI-IPCC framework is a key methodology for understanding the vulnerability of communities in SISs and identifying areas that need prime development and investment. These results have implications on implementing investments and livelihood policies in SISs of Zimbabwe.
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Flynn, Karen Coen. "Urban Agriculture in Mwanza, Tanzania." Africa 71, no. 4 (November 2001): 666–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2001.71.4.666.
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AbstractMany people living in Mwanza, Tanzania, provision themselves through urban agriculture—the planting of crops and raising of animals in urban and peri-urban areas, as well as in the countryside. This article compares Mwanza's urban farmers with those in Kenya, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Ghana. Like Zimbabwe's urban agriculturalists, more and more of Mwanza's are not among the poorest of the poor. Much like Ghana's urban farmers, those in Mwanza are often middle and upper-class males with access to scarce land and inputs. Urban cultivators in Mwanza differ from those in Kenya and Zambia with regard to gender, socio-economic class and the factors motivating their farming activities. These findings suggest that even though socio-economic differentiation is on the increase in Tanzania it has not reached the levels of divergence found in Kenya and Zambia. Many of Mwanza's wealthier males continue to face enough job/income insecurity to choose to plant crops to support themselves and their household in lean times. They may also engage in urban agriculture because they are unable or unwilling to take advantage of more profitable investment opportunities outside the food market, or because they desire to spread risk across a number of different investments.
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Chitumbura, Jonathan, and Oliver Takawira. "Transformation of the private offshore wealth management service industry in the emerging economy." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 2 (2021): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i2art13.
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Dollarisation in emerging economies of Southern Africa like Zambia and Zimbabwe, led High-Income Earning Individuals (HIEI) to invest offshore as an investment diversification strategy. The turbulent past experiences influenced African HIEI behavior in relation to their wealth management approaches. HIEI started looking for ways to protect its financial assets against future political and economic volatilities. The purpose of this study was to equip academics and the wider commercial fraternity with practical and strategic knowledge of the emerging markets’ offshore wealth management services industry. This would assist emerging markets to regulate HIEI markets, boost capital flow, fight tax evasion to allow banks to assist, help governments protect pensions, promote transparency in investments and avoid negative effects of dollarisation. Data were collected from 81 participants including HIEIs with offshore investments, those individuals without, financial advisors, and the Securities Exchange Commission (the industry regulator). The study used a qualitative approach in its methodology using questionnaires, interviews, and a computer-aided system for data analysis. We found that HIEI feels their wealth is under attack and looks towards offshore investing as a refuge. We identified the desperate urge of African HIEIs to secure their wealth as the main influence driving the offshore investing phenomenon
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Ojakorotu, Victor, and Rumbidzai Kamidza. "Look East Policy: The Case of Zimbabwe–China Political and Economic Relations Since 2000." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 74, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928417749642.
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This article maps the evolution of Zimbabwe’s Look East Policy (LEP) and specifically the bilateral relationship with China through the lens of Zimbabwe’s domestic politics. It argues that political elite in Zimbabwe has a vested interest in a close economic and political relationship with China at the cost of the interests of the people of Zimbabwe. The author establishes that Zimbabwe’s LEP was intended to respond to the economic sanctions imposed on it by Western nations. From the descriptive account of the LEP provided in the article, it appears that the LEP has been successful in doing that by having a broad-based economic and political relationship with China. The author further critiques the impact of Chinese investment in Zimbabwe as detrimental to the interests of the people. Foreign policy is an instrument that governs and protects the interests of governments, nationals, institutions, organisations and entities within the lenses of bilateral relations between the countries concerned. The Zimbabwe–China relations point to the fact that the latter China is politically and economically committed to engage and develop the former. However, at the heart of commitment and development in Zimbabwe lies questions of interests and the nature of the relationship which is affecting development and commitment to take place. Hence, this article argues that the failure of Zimbabwe to yield satisfying results from the bilateral relations lies mostly on the political and economic weaknesses of the Zimbabwean government and leadership. The fact that the LEP is not formally and publicly developed and disseminated to key stakeholders and the general public and that it remains largely an oral secret public policy statement affects the interests of Zimbabwean economy and interested stakeholders. This also reflects a weak foreign policy directive. As long as Zimbabwe continues to deny to engage with other superpowers and global institutions, the LEP will remain doomed as China will continue to manipulate and exploit the relationship knowingly that Zimbabwe has no other friends and partners for development and cooperation.
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Jagger, Pamela, and M. K. (Marty) Luckert. "Investments and returns from cooperative and household managed woodlots in Zimbabwe: Implications for rural afforestation policy." Land Use Policy 25, no. 1 (January 2008): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2007.02.006.
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Mutuma, Patrick, and Trevor Jambawo. "The Most Effective Strategies to Curb Corruption and Improve Water Service Delivery in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5(J) (October 20, 2017): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5(j).1908.
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The main objective of this study was to find the most effective strategies to curb and eradicate corruption and improve water service delivery. The study also aimed to present the type, causes, and effects of corruption. A mixed-methods questionnaire survey design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. 220 questionnaires were distributed to providers and users of water services in Zimbabwe. 149 respondents returned the completed questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The Analysis of Variance was used to test the significance of mean scores. The study revealed that corruption is highly prevalent in Zimbabwe. The main factors that cause corruption in the water sector are poor governance, economic hardship, and weak accountability. Corruption leads to economic stagnation and poor foreign investments. Organisations such as the Zimbabwe National Water Authority must improve systems and structures, enhance the auditing process, and educate staff on good ethical standards and effective governance to effectively fight against corruption and improve service delivery. They must also put in place strong governance and accountability frameworks and work closely with communities and policy makers to eradicate corruption. The availability of water should be the same across all the suburbs, and the country needs to adjust its water bill rates in line with regional rates. Service providers should make use of mobile technology to promote citizenry participation in sharing ideas and making decisions on water sustainability. This study reaffirms the need to fight corruption and improve water service delivery.
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Mutuma, Patrick, and Trevor Jambawo. "The Most Effective Strategies to Curb Corruption and Improve Water Service Delivery in Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 5 (October 20, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i5.1908.
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The main objective of this study was to find the most effective strategies to curb and eradicate corruption and improve water service delivery. The study also aimed to present the type, causes, and effects of corruption. A mixed-methods questionnaire survey design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. 220 questionnaires were distributed to providers and users of water services in Zimbabwe. 149 respondents returned the completed questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The Analysis of Variance was used to test the significance of mean scores. The study revealed that corruption is highly prevalent in Zimbabwe. The main factors that cause corruption in the water sector are poor governance, economic hardship, and weak accountability. Corruption leads to economic stagnation and poor foreign investments. Organisations such as the Zimbabwe National Water Authority must improve systems and structures, enhance the auditing process, and educate staff on good ethical standards and effective governance to effectively fight against corruption and improve service delivery. They must also put in place strong governance and accountability frameworks and work closely with communities and policy makers to eradicate corruption. The availability of water should be the same across all the suburbs, and the country needs to adjust its water bill rates in line with regional rates. Service providers should make use of mobile technology to promote citizenry participation in sharing ideas and making decisions on water sustainability. This study reaffirms the need to fight corruption and improve water service delivery.
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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa. "Critical success factors of unit trusts investments. A case study approach." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 3 (2015): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i3c4p1.
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This study mainly focused on investigating the critical success factors of unit trusts using a case study approach. Countries that were part of the case study analysis include South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malaysia, United Kingdom and Singapore. Very few studies have so far focused on the critical success factors of unit trusts. Although some empirical studies have revealed the conditions under which unit trusts can be said to be viable, it appears the literature on the critical success factors on unit trusts is very scant. Lambrechts (1999), Woodlin (2003) and Nicoll (2005) are some of the few empirical researchers who explained unit trusts viability or success. However, the absence of focus on critical success factors of unit trusts among previous empirical studies prompted this study. This study revealed the following as critical success factors of unit trusts. These include unit trusts public education, better disclosure standards, government support, effective unit trusts products distribution channels, deregulation of unit trusts industry, stringent and prudent unit trusts regulation, deregulation of service charges and management fees, absence of trustee monopoly, relaxed exchange control regulations, unit trusts differentiation strategy, fund management specialization, financial sector liberalization, improved unit trusts regulation and favourable tax incentives. The study recommends that authorities should ensure these critical success factors are in place and well implemented to ensure the viability of unit trusts in their countries
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Howells, Mark, Brent Boehlert, and Pablo César Benitez. "Potential Climate Change Risks to Meeting Zimbabwe’s NDC Goals and How to Become Resilient." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 5827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185827.
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Almost all countries have committed to develop Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) to reduce GHG emissions. They determine the level of GHG mitigation that, as a nation, they will commit to reducing. Zimbabwe has ambitious and laudable GHG mitigation targets. Compared to a coal-based future, emissions will be reduced by 33% per capita by 2030. If historical climate conditions continue, it can do this at low or negative cost if suitable sources of climate financing are in place. The NDC plots a positive future. However, much of Zimbabwe’s NDC mitigation center on hydropower generation and other measures that are dangerously vulnerable to climate change. Should the climate change in accordance with recent projections, these investments will be at risk, severely constraining electricity supply and causing high degrees of economic damage. This paper uses the Open-Source energy Modelling SYStem (OSeMOSYS) to consider two adaptation pathways that address this vulnerability. In the first, the country turns to a historically accessible option, namely the deployment of coal. In so doing, the electrical system is made more resilient, but emissions ramp up. The second pathway ‘climate proofs’ the power sector by boosting solar and wind capacity, using hydropower to provide balance for these new renewable resources, and introducing significant energy efficiency measures. This second pathway would require a set of extra accompanying investments and changes to the power market rules, but allows for both system resilience and NDC targets to be met. The paper shows that Zimbabwe’s low emissions growth can be made resilient, and while this path promises strong benefits, it also requires strong commitment and political will. From this paper insights are drawn and requirements for future analysis are made. Two critical insights are that: (i) NDCs that focus on mitigation should include resilience in their design. If they do not, they can introduce deep vulnerability; (ii) a departure from historical electricity market structures appears to hold potential for strong environmental, cost and reliability gains.
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Gunda, L., E. Chikuni, H. Tazvinga, and J. Mudare. "Estimating wind power generation capacity in Zimbabwe using vertical wind profile extrapolation techniques: A case study." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 32, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2021/v32i1a8205.
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Only 40% of Zimbabwe’s population has access to electricity. The greater proportion of the power is generated from thermal stations, with some from hydro and solar energy sources. However, there is little investment in the use of wind for electricity generation except for small installations in the Eastern Highlands, as Zimbabwe generally has wind speeds which are too low to be utilised for electricity generation. This paper presents the use of vertical wind profile extrapolation methods to determine the potential of generating electricity from wind at different hub heights in Zimbabwe, using the Hellman and exponential laws to estimate wind speeds. The estimated wind speeds are used to determine the potential of generating electricity from wind. Mangwe district in Matabeleland South province of Zimbabwe was used as a test site. Online weather datasets were used to estimate the wind speeds. The investigation shows that a 2.5kW wind turbine installation in Mangwe can generate more than 3MWh of energy per annum at hub heights above 40m, which is enough to supply power to a typical Zimbabwean rural village. This result will encourage investment in the use of wind to generate electricity in Zimbabwe.
Highlights
Wind power utilisation is low in Zimbabwe.
Vertical wind profile is estimated using extrapolation methods.
Online weather data for soil and water analysis tool was used.
Electricity can viably be generated from wind in Zimbabwe.
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Mugumisi, Nathan. "The impact of public external debt on private investment. Evidence from Zimbabwe under the multi-currency system." Journal of Economic Info 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jei.v8i1.1688.
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The levels of public debt have grown significantly in both emerging and developed countries even during times of peace. The rising levels of debt pose substantial debt sustainability issues to developing countries including Zimbabwe. A defaulting country usually has limited access to new international credit lines or tends to borrow at a higher cost, due to high perceived country risk premium, making the country a less attractive investment destination. Zimbabwe is currently suffering debt distress and has since the year 2000 struggled to service her external debt from international multilateral financial institutions. Zimbabwe’s external debt continues to pile up due to penalties on defaults. This paper examines the impact of public external debt on private investment in Zimbabwe, using quarterly time-series data for the period 2009 and 2017. The period of study was a period of relative stability when Zimbabwe operated under a multicurrency system. Interest rates, political risk, trade openness and household consumption are control variables of this study. Using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), we find that external debt and external debt squared have a negative impact on private investment in the long run. Results suggest that Zimbabwe’s external debt is crowding out private investment. In the short-term, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to apply for debt rescheduling to avoid penalties that have so far contributed to the ballooning of Zimbabwe’s external debt obligations. In the medium term, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to design comprehensive debt and arrears reduction strategies, to reduce Zimbabwe’s external debt to sustainable levels. In the long term, after regaining borrowing rights, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to invest external borrowings in productive ventures, to facilitate debt amortisation. Secondly, we recommend that external debt be invested in education, health and infrastructure, which can potentially stimulate private investment, and thus create a multiplier effect on economic growth. Lastly, we recommend the government to invest foreign loans in sectors where Zimbabwe enjoys a comparative advantage, to ensure reliable export revenue for debt servicing.
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Mutandwa, Edward, Benjamine Hanyani-Mlambo, and Joseph Manzvera. "Exploring the link between climate change perceptions and adaptation strategies among smallholder farmers in Chimanimani district of Zimbabwe." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 850–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2018-0654.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the association between smallholder farmer perceptions toward climate change and adaptation strategies at the household level in Chimanimani District of Zimbabwe. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 284 households mainly using a structured questionnaire. The Heckman probit selection model was used to first identify the underlying socio-economic factors that affect households’ recognition of climate change in the past 10 years, and the second model the factors that influence adaptation to the climate change phenomenon. Findings The majority of farmers (85 percent) perceived that climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and variability in rainfall patterns, has been occurring in the past ten years. As a response, farmers adapted using methods such as manuring and staggering of planting dates. Indigenous knowledge systems and non-governmental organizations increased the likelihood farmers’ recognition of climate change (p<0.05). The probability of adopting multiple adaptation strategies was influenced by household head’s education level, land tenure and access to public extension services. Practical implications Integrative extension methods that take into account socio-cultural values could be helpful in building resilience as farmers are better able to understand the climate change construct. There is a need to guarantee land tenure rights in resettlement areas to stimulate investment on farms. Originality/value This study showed that there is a link between farmers’ prior knowledge of climate change and the number of adaptive investments. The analysis proposed an educational and extension approach that is embedded in the socio-cultural and traditional setting of farmers.
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Mugumisi, Nathan. "Zimbabwean Manufacturing Firms' Propensity and Intensity to Export in the Post Zimbabwean Dollar Era." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2087.
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After the adoption of the multicurrency system in 2009 Zimbabwe’s macroeconomic environment stabilized but the new economic order exposed the economy to a crippling liquidity crisis. Exports remain the only sustainable solution to Zimbabwe’s liquidity crisis in the short to medium term given the current sanctions that limits other international capital flows. This study sort to understand the factors that determine Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ likelihood and intensity to export. The study a was based on panel data from a 19 manufacturing firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange over the period 2009 to 2017. The propensity and intensity to export was estimated using the logit and Tobit regression models respectively. Bigger firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high propensity to export. Foreign owned firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high intensity to export, while those with high domestic turnover tended to export less. The appreciation of the USD increased Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ propensity and intensity to export. We urge the policy makers to design investment laws that attract foreign investors, and managers to prioritize research and development. We also recommend firm managers to take advantage of periods of currency appreciation to recapitalize at a cheaper cost and export more goods since Zimbabwe’s manufacturing production is highly import dependent.
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Zikhali, Precious. "Fast Track Land Reform Programme, tenure security and investments in soil conservation: Micro-evidence from Mazowe District in Zimbabwe." Natural Resources Forum 34, no. 2 (May 2010): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2010.01298.x.
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Mugumisi, Nathan. "Zimbabwean Manufacturing Firms’ Propensity and Intensity to Export in the Post Zimbabwean Dollar Era." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1.2087.
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After the adoption of the multicurrency system in 2009 Zimbabwe’s macroeconomic environment stabilized but the new economic order exposed the economy to a crippling liquidity crisis. Exports remain the only sustainable solution to Zimbabwe’s liquidity crisis in the short to medium term given the current sanctions that limits other international capital flows. This study sort to understand the factors that determine Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ likelihood and intensity to export. The study a was based on panel data from a 19 manufacturing firms listed on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange over the period 2009 to 2017. The propensity and intensity to export was estimated using the logit and Tobit regression models respectively. Bigger firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high propensity to export. Foreign owned firms and firms that engage in research and development had a high intensity to export, while those with high domestic turnover tended to export less. The appreciation of the USD increased Zimbabwean manufacturing firms’ propensity and intensity to export. We urge the policy makers to design investment laws that attract foreign investors, and managers to prioritize research and development. We also recommend firm managers to take advantage of periods of currency appreciation to recapitalize at a cheaper cost and export more goods since Zimbabwe’s manufacturing production is highly import dependent.
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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "The dynamics of capital market development in Zimbabwe." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 2 (2012): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i2c3art5.
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This paper takes stock of the achievements, the trends, as well as the challenges facing the stock market development in Zimbabwe. The study has been motivated by the recent debate on the role of stock market development in economic growth in developing countries. Apart from highlighting the role of stock market development, as well as the efficacy of the stock market in bolstering economic growth in Zimbabwe, the study also pinpoints some of the factors that limit the stock market development in Zimbabwe. The findings of this study show that the experience of Zimbabwe with stock market development, just as in many other developing countries, is mixed. In particular, the positive influence of stock market development on savings and investment remains low in Zimbabwe. While stock market development has been increasing, the country’s gross domestic savings and investment have been low and subsiding. This suggests that Zimbabwe’s gross national savings could be stock market development inelastic.
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Dzingirai, Vupenyu, Salome Bukachi, Melissa Leach, Lindiwe Mangwanya, Ian Scoones, and Annie Wilkinson. "Structural drivers of vulnerability to zoonotic disease in Africa." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1725 (June 5, 2017): 20160169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0169.
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This paper argues that addressing the underlying structural drivers of disease vulnerability is essential for a ‘One Health’ approach to tackling zoonotic diseases in Africa. Through three case studies—trypanosomiasis in Zimbabwe, Ebola and Lassa fever in Sierra Leone and Rift Valley fever in Kenya—we show how political interests, commercial investments and conflict and securitization all generate patterns of vulnerability, reshaping the political ecology of disease landscapes, influencing traditional coping mechanisms and affecting health service provision and outbreak responses. A historical, political economy approach reveals patterns of ‘structural violence’ that reinforce inequalities and marginalization of certain groups, increasing disease risks. Addressing the politics of One Health requires analysing trade-offs and conflicts between interests and visions of the future. For all zoonotic diseases economic and political dimensions are ultimately critical and One Health approaches must engage with these factors, and not just end with an ‘anti-political’ focus on institutional and disciplinary collaboration. This article is part of the themed issue ‘One Health for a changing world: zoonoses, ecosystems and human well-being’.
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Matiza, Tafadzwa, and Sandra Perks. "An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Location -Specific Antecedents to Foreign Direct Investment in Post- Crisis Zimbabwe (2009 - 2015)." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 3(J) (July 19, 2018): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i3.2321.
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While there are a plethora of studies based on the generic determinants of foreign direct investment, there is a discernible dearth of research into location - specific antecedents of distinct foreign direct investment typologies. This paper identifies the location- specific antecedents influencing foreign investors considering exploiting international business opportunities in post- crisis Zimbabwe. The literature provided the bases for the propositions advanced by this paper. Quantitative survey data was generated from a purposive sample of n=305 foreign investors. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The findings suggest that post- crisis Zimbabwe possesses the location- specific antecedents required by market- , resource - , efficiency-, and strategic asset- seeking FDI inflow. It is recommended that Zimbabwean policy- makers take cognisance of these nuances and implement appropriate market entry strategies to lure investors to Zimbabwe to grow the post- crisis economy.
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Muredzi, P. "Effects of Soya Bean Meal Feed Properties on Extrusion Failures and Implementing a Solution. Case Study Monmouth Path′s Investments (Pvt) Ltd, Harare, ZimBabwe." International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 2, no. 2 (2013): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20130202.16.
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Abel, Sanderson, Alex Bara, and Pierre Le Roux. "Evaluating Bank Cost Efficiency Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 3(J) (July 18, 2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i3(j).2868.
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The study seeks to assess the cost efficiency of the commercial banks in Zimbabwe using the stochastic frontier analysis. The cost efficiency of the Zimbabwean banks is estimated using the trans-log stochastic frontier approach. The Stochastic Frontier Analysis methodology is among the host of methods that has been used to measure banking sector efficiency. The analysis of cost efficiency of commercial banks has important implications for the economy since an efficient banking system has potential to reduce interest rates which can lead to increased investment and growth for the economy. The cost of doing business in Zimbabwe is perceived to be high hence improved bank efficiency has the potential to reduce the cost of doing business. The average cost efficiency scores for the Zimbabwean banks over the study period show that the banking sector in Zimbabwe experiencing 17 percent inefficiency. The efficiency levels have been declining over the years reflecting increased resource wastage in the system. The study recommends that the banking institutions should continue to innovate so as to reduce their inefficiencies.
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Chimhore, Mable, and Shynet Chivasa. "The Effects of Exchange Rates on Zimbabwe’s Exports." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 13, no. 4(J) (September 4, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v13i4(j).3211.
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The study reviewed the effect of exchange rates on exports in Zimbabwe using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of exchange rate on export growth in Zimbabwe using mainly the multicurrency era data. This is because the exchange rate plays a key role in policy formulation and implementation. The study is significant as understanding the role of exchange rate on export guides policymakers in coming up with the right policy mix to stimulate exports. Using secondary data from ZIMSTAT and World Bank, obtained results from a robust regression showed that South Africa’s exchange rates (SAEXRT) were weakly significant at 10%, South Africa broad money supply (SAM2) was significant at 5% and imports (DDIMP) were important to Zimbabwe’s export growth at 1% level of significance. To increase exports, there is a need for policy shift, shifting from overly focusing on foreign direct investment and increasing gross domestic product (GDP) because empirical results showed that FDI and gross domestic product were not significant in the model. Policies such as trade cooperation between South Africa and Zimbabwe may increase exports given the impact of South Africa's broad money supply on Zimbabwe’s exports.
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Muchena, Frederick Farai, and Osaro Aigbogun. "The Role of Strategic Innovation in the Sustainability of Healthcare Service Businesses in Zimbabwe: The Case of PSMI Limited." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(140).
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This study evaluates the extent to which product, technology, service, and process innovations influence the sustainability of Healthcare service businesses. The context of the study is Premier Service Medical Investments (PSMI) Limited, Zimbabwe. A quantitative research, with a deductive approach was conducted using a self-administered structured questionnaire which was anchored on a 7-point Likert scale for gathering survey primary data. A purposively recruited sample of 350 employees with leadership responsibilities, were drawn from executive, middle management and supervisory levels. After testing and validating the reliability and validity of the questionnaire measures, a logistic regression was run to test the research hypotheses. The results reveal the following: Service Innovation had a positive relationship with Sustainability, indicating that a unit increase in Service Innovation has an effect of a 256% increase in odds of Sustainability. Product Innovation had a negative relationship with Sustainability, indicating that a unit increase in Product Innovation has an effect of a 13% decrease in odds of Sustainability. Technology Innovation had a positive relationship with Sustainability, indicating that a unit increase in Technology Innovation has an effect of a 25% increase in odds of Sustainability. Process Innovation had a positive relationship with Sustainability, indicating that a unit increase in Process Innovation has an effect of a 117% increase in odds of Sustainability. Moreover, using the linear regression method, the variable Service Innovation indicated that with an additional service, Sustainability increases by 27.1%. Technology Innovation showed that with an additional technology, sustainability increases by 4.3%. Process Innovation indicated that with an additional process, Sustainability increases by 36.6%. From the results, using the both the logistic and linear regression models, the findings indicate that strategic innovation significantly influences sustainability of healthcare services business in Zimbabwe. Arising from this research, sustainability of healthcare care business is seen to be triggered and driven by all 4 types of innovation evaluated in this research, namely: service, process, product and technology. It is recommended that these innovation dimensions be implemented within a defined internal environment supported by an innovation hub. Keywords: Sustainability, Strategic Innovation, Logistic Regression, Linear Regression, Process Innovation, Service Innovation, Product Innovation, Technology Innovation
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Masango, Cleven, and Vannie Naidoo. "An Analysis of Nation Brand Attractiveness: Evidence from Brand Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 6(J) (December 22, 2018): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6(j).2598.
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This paper examines the attractiveness of Brand Zimbabwe based on the factors perceived to impact on national competitiveness. Nation brand attractiveness is a necessary condition for a country to achieve influence and to effectively compete for global resources. Countries can enhance their attractiveness by building on their national brand equity and dealing with negatives around the national brands. The research sought to determine the perception towards Zimbabwe’s global risk and competitiveness; to ascertain the variables that promote competitiveness for Brand Zimbabwe and to contribute to the literature on risk perception and its impact on behaviour towards nation brands. The study followed a mixed approach; a combination of interpretivism and positivism. The research drew 372 respondents from politicians, scholars, the media, civic organisations, government officials, church and international organisations. The research established that Brand Zimbabwe faces glaring threats risks that impact on the country’s international image. The brand is affected by politics and governance together with socio-economic factors. Management and control of nation brand perception are critical for nations to distinguish themselves and to create vantage positions for sustainable performance. The way a country is viewed internationally is a function of how the country deals with factors that threaten its global competitiveness and perception towards the nation brand. Zimbabwe’s quest for foreign direct investment, international visitation and export revenue requires that the country deals with its nation brand image.
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Masango, Cleven, and Vannie Naidoo. "An Analysis of Nation Brand Attractiveness: Evidence from Brand Zimbabwe." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 6 (December 22, 2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6.2598.
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This paper examines the attractiveness of Brand Zimbabwe based on the factors perceived to impact on national competitiveness. Nation brand attractiveness is a necessary condition for a country to achieve influence and to effectively compete for global resources. Countries can enhance their attractiveness by building on their national brand equity and dealing with negatives around the national brands. The research sought to determine the perception towards Zimbabwe’s global risk and competitiveness; to ascertain the variables that promote competitiveness for Brand Zimbabwe and to contribute to the literature on risk perception and its impact on behaviour towards nation brands. The study followed a mixed approach; a combination of interpretivism and positivism. The research drew 372 respondents from politicians, scholars, the media, civic organisations, government officials, church and international organisations. The research established that Brand Zimbabwe faces glaring threats risks that impact on the country’s international image. The brand is affected by politics and governance together with socio-economic factors. Management and control of nation brand perception are critical for nations to distinguish themselves and to create vantage positions for sustainable performance. The way a country is viewed internationally is a function of how the country deals with factors that threaten its global competitiveness and perception towards the nation brand. Zimbabwe’s quest for foreign direct investment, international visitation and export revenue requires that the country deals with its nation brand image.
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Mutandwa, Hudson, and Tawanda Zinyama. "An Analysis of the Potential Use of Public-Private Partnerships in Water Infrastructural Development in Zimbabwe: The Case of Harare City Council." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i1.7366.
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The study was carried out to analyse the potential use of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in water infrastructural development in Harare City Council, Zimbabwe. PPPs play a pivotal role in water infrastructural development if fully implemented. Zimbabwe’s rate of uptake is low. There are preconditions that are necessary for successful implementation of PPPs inter alia political will (commitment) legal, institutional and political frameworks. Key informant interviews and documentary search were employed to gather data. The study established that Zimbabwe does not have the preconditions necessary for successful implementation of PPPs and this confirms the thesis. The main challenges include lack of legal and institutional framework, lack of political will, unconducive socio-economic environment. Zimbabwe’s water infrastructure is ramshackle. This is compounded by lack of fiscal space on the part of government to rehabilitate the infrastructure. PPPs could be a viable alternative to infrastructural development with the right environmental conditions. The study recommends that the government should quickly enact a PPP legal framework that enables the establishment of a PPP unit within the Ministry of Finance and this should be followed by an Act of Parliament which should institutionalize PPPs. The Government should promote a conducive investment climate.
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Pasara, Michael Takudzwa, and Rufaro Garidzirai. "The Boomerang Effects: An Analysis of the Pre and Post Dollarisation Era in Zimbabwe." Economies 8, no. 2 (April 17, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8020032.
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Does dollarisation influence economic activity in Zimbabwe? The question has incited a lot of debates among researchers and analysts. In an attempt to answer this question, the study used an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) procedure, to investigate the effects of dollarisation on economic growth in Zimbabwe. The study employed quarterly data over a 14-year period between 2000 and 2014. The results of the study indicate that dollarisation, gross domestic investment and trade openness are positively related to economic growth. Based on the findings of the study, the paper recommends that Zimbabwean policy makers should establish additional complementary policies which foster economic integration with anchor countries to reduce credit risk. On the other hand, dollarisation should be maintained since it resulted in economic stability and improved financial sector credibility. It is therefore still premature to de-dollarise the economy until a sufficient level of credibility is gained by the central bank.
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Sikwila, Mike Nyamazana, Godwell Karedza, and Yvonne Lindiwe Sikwila. "Foreign Direct Investment Inflows into Zimbabwe." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 5-1 (July 1, 2017): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0095.
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Abstract The authors sought to explore factors that influenced foreign direct investment (FDI) in Zimbabwe between 1990 and 2014. In spite of Zimbabwe being one of the richest countries, with respect to mineral endowment in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region there was a paradox of less FDI attracted into the country. We include the investment policy stability (IPS) variable that has been ignored in the current literature; yet, the investment centre policies in any given developing country influence FDI inflows. The authors used Ordinary Least Square regression analysis technique to estimate an investment equation for Zimbabwe using Time-Series annual data obtained from the UNCTAD and World Bank database. The results suggest that investment policy stability; trade openness of the country; inflation rate and growth in real domestic product have a significant influence on the FDI inflows into the country. In conclusion, the results suggest that investment policy stability played an important role in attracting FDI into the country. Also, the results are expected to give a useful insight to policymakers that are responsible for attracting FDI inflows into Zimbabwe and other developing countries.
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Jenkins, C. "Determinants of Private Investment in Zimbabwe." Journal of African Economies 7, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 34–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jae.a020944.
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Manenji, Tawanda, and Barbra Marufu. "The impact of adopting e-government as a mechanism to enhance accountability as well as transparent conduct within public institutions." Scholedge International Journal of Business Policy & Governance ISSN 2394-3351 3, no. 7 (August 15, 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijbpg030701.
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<em>This study examines the impact of adopting e-government as a mechanism to enhance accountability as well as transparent conduct within public institutions in Zimbabwe. There is a belief that e-government brings about better change in governance issues through active disclosure of governance information. The research found out that e-government in Zimbabwe though still being nurtured, has better prospects and there is great need for clearly setting and meeting a conducive environment for it to flourish. That is a set of pre-requirements need to be assessed before trying to implement e-government into full swing. Zimbabwe lacks an unanimous e-government strategy across its ministries hence the existence of disparities in e-government adoption within the country – some ministries are more advanced while others only exhibit the first initial stages of e-government. However, the adoption of e-government in Zimbabwe has been hampered by a plethora of challenges ranging from politics, economics, social and technological. Among them include inadequate or weak legislative frameworks guiding and directing e-government implementation, budget constraints, digital divide as well as technological incompetence. The study also makes some recommendations as to how e-government prospects can be fully attained and such remedies among others include the passing of a comprehensive IT policy which cut across all government ministries, embracing Public Private Partnerships in building IT infrastructure, and redefining government’s top priorities and focus much on e-government investment. The paper also notes the effects of poor governance to a country. Zimbabwe’s e-government strategy if managed properly, would also reduce government external debt, improve service delivery, promote economic development, and increase public accountability and transparency within the public sector.</em>
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Brocklehurst, Clarissa, Murtaza Malik, Kiwe Sebunya, and Peter Salama. "Engineering in the time of cholera: overcoming institutional and political challenges to rebuild Zimbabwe's water and sanitation infrastructure in the aftermath of the 2008 cholera epidemic." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.143.
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A devastating cholera epidemic swept Zimbabwe in 2008, causing over 90,000 cases, and leaving more than 4,000 dead. The epidemic raged predominantly in urban areas, and the cause could be traced to the slow deterioration of Zimbabwe's water and sewerage utilities during the economic and political crisis that had gripped the country since the late 1990s. Rapid improvement was needed if the country was to avoid another cholera outbreak. In this context, donors, development agencies and government departments joined forces to work in a unique partnership, and to implement a programme of swift improvements that went beyond emergency humanitarian aid but did not require the time or massive investment associated with full-scale urban rehabilitation. The interventions ranged from supply of water treatment chemicals and sewer rods to advocacy and policy advice. The authors analyse the factors that made the programme effective and the challenges that partners faced. The case of Zimbabwe offers valuable lessons for other countries transitioning from emergency to development, and particularly those that need to take rapid action to upgrade failing urban systems. It illustrates that there is a ‘middle path’ between short-term humanitarian aid delivered in urban areas and large-scale urban rehabilitation, which can provide timely and highly effective results.
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Chiromba, Campion. "Responsible Investment and Its Impact on Investment Decisions: Zimbabwe Scenario." Journal of Investing 29, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/joi.2019.1.105.
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MUNYANYI, WATSON, and CAMPION CHIROMBA. "Tax incentives and investment expansion: evidence from Zimbabwe’s tourism industry." AD-minister, no. 27 (2015): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.27.2.
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Mugodzwa, Davidson Mabweazara. "Black Economic Empowerment, Employment Creation and Resilience: The Economic and Social Contribution of Lennox Mine to the Development of Zimbabwe, 1970-2016." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 3 (March 27, 2017): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n3.p6.
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<div><p><em>This research sets out to unravel the history of Lennox Mine from its inception in 1970 tracing the contribution of the mine to the economic development of Zimbabwe from its colonial beginnings up to the current period when the new visionary owner, Honourable Gandiwa Moyo, Deputy Minister of Mines who inherited a dysfunctional mining enterprise set it on course again as a pillar for economic production, under the erstwhile management of the Lennox General Mine Manager, Edgar Mashindi. The research seeks to explore how the mine management, operating under harsh economic conditions prevailing in Zimbabwe has empowered African entrepreneurs and employees and resuscitated life to the dying town of Mashava. Mashava is back on its former footing as a lively booming bedroom town of Masvingo City, forty kilometres away: supermarkets, bars, salons, housing projects, new shops are sprouting up once again as Mashava claims its proud place as a gold producing enclave of the Zimbabwean economy. Hundreds of unemployed youths from all over Zimbabwe have descended on Mashava, seeking employment and investment opportunities resulting in an unprecedented economic boom which is being felt country wide. Only recently hordes of flea female market traders opened shop at Mashava to sell clothes, shoes, household furniture and related paraphernalia to local residents and they reported that business was excellent and confirmed business plans to return every month end to sell their wares. A few years back Mashava was an abandoned mining town with all services shut down after the Capitalist oligarchic organization which owned Mashava ceased all operations and expropriated capital to Australia and Europe and started out new commercial ventures in those respective European countries. The Zimbabwean Electricity Supply Association [ZESA] shut down electricity supplies to Lennox Mine after the mine incurred a debt of close to a quarter of a million. Today, Lennox has agreed on a payment plan and electricity has been reopened triggering high gold productivity as the mine returns to its normal production levels.</em></p></div>
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Lines, Thomas. "Investment sanctions and Zimbabwe: Breaking the rod." Third World Quarterly 10, no. 3 (July 1988): 1182–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436598808420104.
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Takavarasha, Sam, and John Makumbe. "The Effect of Politics on ICT4D." International Journal of E-Politics 3, no. 3 (July 2012): 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jep.2012070103.
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Zimbabwe is the best contemporary example of how politics can affect economic development. Equally as significant, and yet under studied, is the effect of politics on Information and Communication Technologies for development (ICT4D). In this case study of government of Zimbabwe’s five year battle to prevent Econet Wireless from operating a mobile phone network, the authors present the fear for the conviviality of ICTs as a reason why dictatorial states often restrict free use of ICTs and how this can inhibit its role in fostering development. Using a combination of aspects of Thomas Hobbes’ political theory and Sen’s capability approach the authors show how passions like fear for the power of ICTs in private hands and the appetite for proceeds from the telecoms sector fuelled a five year legal battle that was eventually won by Econet. A framework for assessing the motives behind restrictive political action and the concomitant erosion of political freedoms which inhibits free ICT use and investment in the sector is also presented.
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Makuyana, Garikai, and NM Odhiambo. "The evolution of public and private investment in Zimbabwe." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, no. 2 (2014): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i2art5.
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This paper aims to put the spotlight on the evolution of both public and private investment in Zimbabwe, as they responded to the economic policies implemented from 1965 through to 2011. With the adopted inward-looking policy in 1965, the massive core of infrastructural growth in public investment became a catalyst to the high level of private investment growth. The perpetuated market-intervention policy in 1980 later resulted in the growth of public investment. Despite the adoption of a market economy in the 1990s, the envisaged cut in public investment did not occur. Very few State enterprises had been privatised by the year 2000; and there was a reversal to the market-intervention strategy during the period 2000 to 2011. Notwithstanding the government’s efforts to boost both private and public investment in Zimbabwe, the country still faces a number of challenges, as do many other African countries. These challenges include, amongst others: (i) The high national debt overhang; ii) low business confidence; (iv) liquidity constraints; (v) low industrial competitiveness; and (vi) an inadequate infrastructure.
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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa. "Stock market and foreign direct investment in Zimbabwe." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, no. 2 (2014): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i2art4.
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This study investigates the causality relationship between stock market and foreign direct investment. The subject has been contentious in recent years with three theoretical rationales emerging. The first being that FDI net inflows boost stock market by increasing the amount of funds into the host country’ economy. The second suggests that FDI inflows forces the host country government to embrace market friendly policies, regulations and controls that end up boosting stock market. The third theoretical rationale mentions that well-developed and functioning stock markets attracts FDI as multinational firms perceive such a market as a friendly environment whose government is more open to the international community. Using the bi-variate causality test framework, this study discovered that there exists a long run relationship between stock market and FDI net inflows in Zimbabwe. However, the direct causality relationship from either stock market to FDI or from FDI to stock market development could not be found. This implies that stock market development and FDI net inflows in Zimbabwe are indirectly related to each other via some factors whose investigation should be a subject of another research.
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Musanzikwa, Michael. "Is Negotiation a Threat to Zimbabwean Investment Deals? an Analysis of Essar and Green Fuel Investments." Journal of Investment and Management 2, no. 3 (2013): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jim.20130203.12.
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Knight, Virginia Curtin. "Growing Opposition in Zimbabwe." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 20, no. 1 (1991): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501395.
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A realignment of economic interests in Zimbabwe is fueling broad-based demands for an open, democratic, multiparty society. The shift in alignment comes as a result of the ruling party’s failure to meet the needs and expectations of the majority of Zimbabweans in the eleven years since independence. Under the leadership of the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), headed by President Robert Mugabe, the government adopted socialism guided by Marxist-Leninist principles as its ideological philosophy. The socialist agenda, coupled with cumbersome, centralized decision-making by a bloated bureaucracy, discouraged domestic and foreign investment and stymied employment growth.
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Dziva, Cowen, and Gretchen Erika Du Plessis. "Girls with Disabilities in Zimbabwe's Inclusive Rural Schools: Challenges and Possibilities." Southern African Journal of Social Work and Social Development 32, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2415-5829/5994.
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The aim of this study was to understand the social and academic experiences of girls with disabilities (GWD) in Zimbabwe’s inclusive secondary rural schools. Guided by the concepts of the critical feminist disability theory, data were collected through in-depth interviews with five purposefully selected girls with physical and sensory disabilities and five special-needs teachers. The findings reveal that, despite the presence of supportive attitudes and resource centres, these GWD’s basic right to quality, inclusive education is negated in rural schools. The research participants narrated their struggles with barriers created by negative attitudes, resource constraints and inaccessible environments. The intersection of gender, disability and rurality contour the experiences of GWD. In particular, resilient patriarchal, religious and societal norms prefigure GWD as abject beings, unworthy of investment by some parents, teachers and state officials. Thus, the notion of inclusive education as adopted in Zimbabwean official policies does not appear to be supported by the implementation or awareness raising of teachers and school leaders in the Mberengwa district of Zimbabwe’s Midlands Province.
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Jaspers, Frank G. W. "Institutional arrangements for integrated river basin management." Water Policy 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2003.0004.
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This paper considers the institutional arrangements that are needed and that being developed to enable communities to depart from sectoral and isolated water management in order to reach a higher level of integration. Key aspects are described that should be properly handled to manage river basins as a whole and in an integrated way. The justification for various countries to opt for systems of integrated river basin management is explored. Triggers for change are identified: the need for integrated water management on hydrological boundaries; the added value of functional decentralisation enabling decision making at the lowest appropriate level; stakeholder participation in decision making and water resources planning; and cost recovery and water pricing. Ongoing developments in processes of change are identified and described. A comparative assessment is carried out between the situation in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Tanzania, Turkey, Indonesia, France and The Netherlands. A common denominator of institutional arrangements is determined, from which developing countries in particular could benefit with regard to the introduction and establishment of systems of integrated river basin management. Sample competencies for effective functioning of river basin and sub-basin organisations are identified and described. Platforms of stakeholders with clear rules for representation and for participation in decision making in water resources planning are identified as crucial tools and described. In order to apply effective water pricing and to charge for pollution, a comprehensive system of water rights and discharge permits is considered necessary. The capacity to implement these necessary institutional arrangements is very variable, especially in developing countries, and hence the stage of implementation may differ substantially. Further, it is very important to have initial access to funds to kick-start the process of implementation. It has been found that systems of cost recovery can only be successfully introduced when acceptable service levels are established and when an enabling institutional environment is in place. Investments are needed and not all countries can afford that. Above all, a major requirement for implementation of any institutional development is the presence of sufficient human and institutional capacity at the right time and at the right place.
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Sheik, Mahad Mohamed. "THE MOTIVATIONAL EFFECT OF OIL EXPLORATION IN SOMALI AND THE HABITUAL AFRICAN RESOURCE CURSE." International Journal of Economics 5, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijecon.1177.
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Purpose: The abundance of natural resources is usually considered the blessing for the countries that own such resources. However, such wealth is often associated with poverty and a slower economic growth. This phenomenon is called the resource curse, and it shows that most countries that are rich in natural resources have markedly reduced economic growth and development, and it shows that the wealth of natural resources adversely affects their economies, although it is intuitively expected to be the opposite i.e. that such wealth would have a positive impact on the country’s economic development. The general objective of the study was to find out the motivational effect of oil exploration in Somali and the habitual African resource curse.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study found out that Oil resource exploration has led to progress in some developed economies such as Canada which was able to avoid the resource curse. This is because oil revenues helped Canada among other countries make investments in capital, build employment and grow. Other countries such as Russia and Japan have not been able to avoid the resource curse. African countries in general where the majority of oil producing nations are, have an inverse correlation between oil production and industrial development. Examples of African countries that have been affected by the resource curse are Nigeria, Angola, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Empirical results indicate that, Somalia motivation for oil exploration is for economic development. However, it has not been spared the resource curse because the presence of oil has led to civil wars and terrorisms as groups seek to control the areas with oil fields. In addition, Somali and Kenya have involved diplomatic warfare over oil reserves that are located in the Indian Ocean near their borders.
Recommendations: The study recommends that the government should enact laws which will govern petroleum operations, as well as empowering the Somali Petroleum Authority,(SPA) which will act as a regulatory body overseeing oil and gas activity.