Relevant bibliographies by topics / Invoice scoring

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Invoice scoring'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Invoice scoring"

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DeSantis, Stacia M., Michael D. Swartz, Thomas J. Greene, Erin E. Fox, John B. Holcomb, and Charles E. Wade. "Interim monitoring of nonrandomized prospective studies that invoke propensity scoring for decision making." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 88, no. 2 (2020): e46-e52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000002474.

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Kingman, A. "Current Techniques for Measuring Dental Fluorosis: Issues in Data Analysis." Advances in Dental Research 8, no. 1 (1994): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374940080011101.

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The currently popular scoring systems used to diagnosis fluorosis use different measurement units, evaluate variable numbers of sites per person, and involve non-comparable groupings of clinical symptoms. Although none of these factors is related to the level of fluoride exposure in the examined population, their combined effect produces fluorosis prevalence values for a population which vary considerably among and within these scoring systems. Intrinsic factors for a scoring system include the inclusion of a questionable category, the minimal level of fluorotic involvement, and the number of affected sites within a subject required for case definition. Thus, a case definition of fluorosis for each scoring system, although not mandatory, would certainly be desirable so that dental epidemiologists and clinical investigators can interpret fluorosis scores relative to risk assessment. On the other hand, ratios of fluorosis prevalence magnitudes, as evidenced by odds ratios, can be more stable between scoring systems when groups with different fluoride exposure levels are compared. There is a strong correlation between extent and specific measures of fluorosis severity for Dean's Index (DI) and the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF) scoring system, as well as within each scoring system separately. Parallel patterns in fluorosis severity were found among groups with different fluoride exposures for the DI and TSIF scoring systems. The effects of fluoride exposure on severity levels of fluorosis may be better understood by using relative measures rather than by using differences in severity levels.
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Pollard, G., and T. Barnett. "Some New ‘Short Games’ Within a Set of Tennis." International Journal of Computer Science in Sport 17, no. 1 (2018): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijcss-2018-0003.

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Abstract Recently there has been an interest in developing tennis scoring systems that involve playing a fewer number of points on average. In devising such ‘shorter’ tennis scoring systems, it would be ideal for them to also have the following four characteristics: A smaller standard deviation of duration, a similar value for the probability that the better player wins, an increased efficiency, and a greater average excitement per point played. Thus, in total there are five considerations when devising such new scoring systems. Quite often in this type of study a scoring system that is ‘better’ with regard to one of these characteristics is ‘worse’ with regard to another (or others). In this paper we outline some new tennis scoring systems that have improvements in all (or almost all) of these five characteristics. We identify 3 or 4 different game structures that could be useful for tournaments. A common thread in the approach taken is the elimination of unimportant and unexciting points within the game structure. The choice of which is the most appropriate new format for a particular tournament would depend amongst other things on the planned reduction in the expected set duration
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Talmon, Geoffrey, and Neil A. Abrahams. "The Internet for Pathologists: A Simple Schema for Evaluating Pathology-Related Web Sites and a Catalog of Sites Useful for Practicing Pathologists." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, no. 6 (2005): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-742-tifpas.

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Abstract Context.—With the increasing popularity of the Internet as a primary medical information source, it is critical for pathologists to be able to use and evaluate both general medical- and pathology-related Web sites. Several published models for evaluating Web sites prove cumbersome to use and often involve computer- or statistic-based algorithms. Objectives.—To develop a simple group of scoring criteria to objectively evaluate medical Web sites and provide a list of the highest-scoring pathology-related sites that will be useful to the practicing pathologist. Design.—Using 11 commonly used Internet search engines, the top 50 “hits” retrieved from the search term websites for pathologists were scored using 5 criteria, including accuracy, ease of navigation, relevance, updates, and completeness. A possible 6 to 12 points per area were awarded, and the total score was summated. Results.—Scores obtained ranged from 12 to 21. Thirty-five Web sites, all scoring 15 or higher based on these criteria, were listed as most useful. Conclusion.—A simple, easy-to-use, 5-category scoring system can prove useful in evaluating pathology- and medical-related Web sites.
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Mukid, Moch Abdul, and Tatik Widiharih. "MODEL PENILAIAN KREDIT MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS DISKRIMINAN DENGAN VARIABEL BEBAS CAMPURAN BINER DAN KONTINU." MEDIA STATISTIKA 9, no. 2 (2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/medstat.9.2.107-117.

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Credit scoring models is an important tools in the credit granting process. These models measure the credit risk of a prospective client. This study aims to applied a discriminant model with mixed predictor variables (binary and continuous) for credit assesment. Implementation of the model use debitur characteristics data from a bank in Lampung Province which the used binary variables involve sex and marital status. Whereas, the continuous variables that was considered appropriate in the model are age, net income, and length of work. By using the data training, it was known that the misclassification of the model is 0.1970 and the misclassification of the testing data reach to 0.3753. Keywords: discriminant analysis, mixed variables, credit scoring
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Adachi, Kazuhide, Takeshi Kawase, Kazunari Yoshida, Takahito Yazaki, and Satoshi Onozuka. "ABC Surgical Risk Scale for skull base meningioma: a new scoring system for predicting the extent of tumor removal and neurological outcome." Journal of Neurosurgery 111, no. 5 (2009): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2007.11.17446.

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Object Surgery for skull base meningiomas (SBMs) can lead to complications because these lesions are difficult to approach and can involve cranial nerves and arteries. The authors propose a scoring system to evaluate the relative risks and benefits of surgical treatment of SBMs. Methods The authors used a 2-step process to construct their scale. First, they derived significant predictive variables from retrospective data on 132 SBM cases treated surgically (primary surgeries only) between May 2000 and December 2005. Next, they validated the predictive accuracy of their scoring system in 60 consecutive cases treated surgically between January 1995 and April 2000, including both primary and repeated surgeries. Finally, they investigated the effect of the surgery on the patients' preoperative symptoms for consecutive cases treated surgically between January 1995 and December 2005, including both primary surgeries and retreatments. Results Five items that predicted surgical risk were identified: 1) tumor attachment size; 2) arterial involvement; 3) brainstem contact; 4) central cavity location; and 5) cranial nerve group involvement. The authors named their scoring system the ABC Surgical Risk Scale, after the initial letters of these items. Each factor was assigned a score of 0–2 points, and an additional point was added for previous surgical treatment or for radiation, giving a possible total score of 12 points. On average, the scoring system allocated 2 points for gross-total resections, 6.1 points for near-total resections, and 9 points for subtotal resections, with significant differences between groups. For cases scoring ≥ 8 points, the percentage of cases showing neurological deterioration postoperatively exceeded the percentage showing improvement. Conclusions The authors conclude that this scoring system can be used to predict the extent of tumor removal and that the scores reflect the surgical risk.
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Saleh, Ahmed M., Mohamed M. Elsharkawy, Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman, and Sayed M. Arafat. "Evaluation of Soil Quality in Arid Western Fringes of the Nile Delta for Sustainable Agriculture." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2021 (September 18, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1434692.

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Egypt is currently witnessing an extensive desert greening plan with a target of adding one and a half million feddans to the agricultural area. The present study evaluates the soil quality in the western desert fringes of the Nile Delta using three indicator datasets, which involve the total dataset (TDS), the minimum dataset (MDS), and the expert dataset (EDS). Three quality index models are included: the Additive Soil Quality Index (SQI-A), the Weighted Additive Soil Quality Index (SQI-W), and the Nemoro Soil Quality Index (SQI-N). Linear and nonlinear scoring functions are evaluated for scoring soil and terrain indicators. Thirteen soil quality indicators and three terrain indicators were measured in 397 sampling sites for soil quality evaluation. Factor analyses determined five soil and terrain indicators for the minimum dataset and their associated weights. The linear scoring functions reflected the soil system functions more than nonlinear scoring functions. Soil quality estimation by the minimum dataset (MDS) and Weighted Additive Soil Quality Index (SQI-W) is more sensitive than that by SQI-A and SQI-N quality models to explain soil quality indicators. The moderate soil quality grade is the largest quality grade in the studied area. The minimum dataset of soil quality indicators could assist in reducing time and cost of evaluating soil quality and monitoring the temporal changes in soil quality of the region due to the increased agricultural development.
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Aguilar-Navarro, Sara G., Alberto J. Mimenza-Alvarado, María A. Samudio-Cruz, et al. "Validation of the Clock Drawing Test Scoring Method in older adults with neurocognitive disorder." Salud mental 41, no. 4 (2018): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2018.026.

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Introduction. The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a widely used instrument for identifying neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) in older adults. However, there is insufficient evidence to determine the best scoring method, since current quantitative methods involve the assignment of numerical values, while qualitative ones do not allow for objectivity in the diagnosis. Parsey and Schmitter-Edgecombe (2011) proposed a scoring scheme which, in addition to providing a score of the patient’s performance, permits error analysis, thereby making it possible to identify potential underlying cognitive difficulties. Objective. The purpose of this study was to validate the CDT scoring scheme proposed by Parsey and Schmitter-Edgecombe (2011) for screening for NCDs in Mexican older adults. Method. There were 167 participants: 58 cognitively healthy subjects (CH), 52 with mild neurocognitive disorder (mild-NCD), and 57 with major neurocognitive disorder (major-NCD).The CDT scoring method was compared with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Spanish (MoCA-S). Inter- and intra-observer reliability and construct validity were determined and the sensitivity and specificity of this method were calculated. Results. The  age was 75 years (SD ± 8 years) and the  educational attainment was 10.7 years (SD ± 5.2 years). Internal reliability was .750, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .774. The cut-off point for the CDT in mild-NCD was 14 points (sensitivity: 40%, specificity: 70%) and 12 points for major-NCD (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 95%).The most frequent errors in the CDT were: graphic, conceptual, spatial, and/or planning difficulties. Discussion and conclusion. This method makes it possibly to quickly and easily explore the cognitive status of the patient. It contains ideal psychometric properties for the detection of patients with major-NCD, in addition to offering the possibility of analyzing performance errors and underlying cognitive difficulties.
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Wang, Yi, Christopher M. Monsere, Chen Chen, and Haizhong Wang. "Development of a Crash Risk-Scoring Tool for Pedestrian and Bicycle Projects in Oregon." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 32 (2018): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118794285.

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Methods for identifying and prioritizing high-crash locations for safety improvements are generally crash-based. There are fewer reported crashes involving non-motorized users and, in most states, reported crashes must involve a motor vehicle. This means that minor, non-injury events are not reported and those crashes that are reported tend to be more severe. Selecting projects based only on crash performance is sometimes limiting for these crash types and predicting where these crashes will occur next is also a challenging task. An alternative to crash-based selection is to develop risk-based criteria and methods. This paper presents the results of a research effort to develop a risk-scoring method with weights derived from data for use in project screening and selection in Oregon. To develop the risk model, data were collected from 188 segments and 184 intersections randomly selected on both state and non-state roadways. Geometric, land use, volume, and crash data were collected from Google Earth, EPA’s Smart Location Database, and the Oregon Department of Transportation crash database from 2009 to 2013. The sample included 213 bicycle and pedestrian crashes on the segments and 238 at intersections. Logistic regression models were developed and the outputs used to create pedestrian and bicycle risk-scoring tools for segments and intersections. The risk-scoring tool was applied to safety projects identified in the 2015 All Roads Transportation Safety (ARTS) project lists from Oregon. The risk scores for the case study applications aligned reasonably well with the project’s benefits-costs estimates.
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Zhou, Xiang Nan, Fu Xin Chai, Hang Zhang, and Xin Min Xie. "Research on Evaluation Index System and Fuzzy Clustering Iterative Model for Local Water Conservancy Development." Applied Mechanics and Materials 730 (January 2015): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.730.208.

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According to the current water construction features and requirements, 11 indexes on three aspects which involve in water environment protection, the flood management and disaster mitigation and effective utilization of water resources are selected to establish a set of objective and scientific evaluation index system of local water conservancy development. Based on its hierarchy characteristics, a fuzzy clustering iterative model is established to determine the index weights. Finally, the model is used to evaluate water conservancy development situation in 14 cities of Liaoning province. The rank scoring of water development of each city in Liaoning province is analyzed, and the key factor is found.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Invoice scoring"

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Hjalmarsson, Martin, and Mikael Björkman. "Bedömning av fakturor med hjälp av maskininlärning." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-64835.

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Factoring innebär försäljning av fakturor till tredjepart och därmed möjlighet att få in kapital snabbt och har blivit alltmer populärt bland företag idag. Ett fakturaköp innebär en viss kreditrisk för företaget i de fall som fakturan inte blir betald och som köpare av kapital önskar man att minimera den risken. Aros Kapital erbjuder sina kunder tjänsten factoring. Under detta projekt undersöks möjligheten att använda maskininlärningsmetoder för att bedöma om en faktura är en bra eller dålig investering. Om maskininlärningen visar sig vara bättre än manuell hantering kan även bättre resultat uppnås i form av minskade kreditförluster, köp av fler fakturor och därmed ökad vinst. Fyra maskininlärningsmetoder jämfördes: beslutsträd, slumpmässig skog, Adaboost och djupa neurala nätverk. Utöver jämförelse sinsemellan har metoderna jämförts med Aros befintliga beslut och nuvarande regelmotor. Av de jämförda maskininlärningsmetoderna presterade slumpmässig skog bäst och visade sig bättre än Aros befintliga beslut på de testade fakturorna, slumpmässig skog fick F1-poängen 0,35 och Aros 0,22 .<br>Today, companies can sell their invoices to a third party in order to to quickly capitalize them. This is called factoring. For the financial institute which serve as the third party, the purchase of an invoice infers a certain risk in case the invoice is not paid, a risk the financial institute would like to minimize. Aros Kapital is a financial institute that offers factoring as one of their services. This project at Aros Kapital evaluated the possibility of using machine learning to determine whether or not an invoice will be good investment for the financial institute. If the machine learning algorithm performs better than manual handling and by minimizing credit losses and buying more invoices this could lead to an increase in profit for Aros. Four machine learning algorithms have been compared: decision trees, random forest, Adaboost and deep neural network. Beyond the comparison between the four algorithms, the algorithms were also compared with Aros actual decision and Aros current rule engine solution. The  results show that random forest is the best performing algorithm and it also shows a slight improvement on performance compared to Aros actual decision, random forest got an F1- core of 0.35 and Aros 0.22.
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Books on the topic "Invoice scoring"

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Bion, Julian, and Anna Dennis. ICU admission and discharge criteria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0020.

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The decision to admit patients to intensive care or discharge them, is a daily task for intensivists, a life-changing event for patients and families, and a major strategic issue for health care systems worldwide. Decisions must often be made rapidly, in conditions of uncertainty, involving substituted judgements about relative risks and benefits, framed by sociocultural factors that are not well characterized. The outcomes are strongly influenced by available resources, staffing, and skills throughout the patient pathway. The decision to admit should be based on the severity of illness, chronic health and physiological reserve, and therapeutic susceptibility, informed by the patient’s wishes. Discharge decisions are equally complex and involve balancing the needs of individual patients against those of society. Scoring systems and guidelines can aid decision making. The process involves collaboration between intensivist, referring team, patient, and family. The provision of futile care is usually driven by family expectations and lack of agreement among the treating team. Discussions involve value judgements. Effective admission and discharge processes will minimize avoidable morbidity, mortality, and readmissions, and maximize family and patient satisfaction, and cost-efficacy. However, reaching the most effective level of practice involves balances and compromises. Experienced clinical judgement remains a key element in defining suitability of individual patients for ICU admission and discharge.
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Mushambi, Mary C., and Rajesh Pandey. Management of the difficult airway. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0026.

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Failed or difficult intubation is still a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. The management of the airway in the pregnant patient requires careful consideration of anatomical and physiological changes, training issues, and situational factors. Despite significant improvements in monitoring and airway equipment, and a reduction in anaesthetic-related maternal mortality, the incidence of failed intubation in the pregnant woman in many units has remained between 1/250 and 1/300. This may result from many factors such as the reduction of the number of caesarean deliveries performed under general anaesthesia which has resulted in limited opportunities to teach airway skills in obstetrics, the increased incidence of obesity, and the rise in maternal age and associated co-morbidities. Improved training and careful planning and performance of a general anaesthetic (i.e. reducing the risk of aspiration; optimum pre-oxygenation, patient positioning, and application of cricoid pressure; and availability of appropriate airway equipment) have the potential to reduce airway-related morbidity and mortality in the pregnant woman. Simple bedside tests such as Mallampati scoring, thyromental distance, neck movement, and ability to protrude the mandible may help to predict a potential difficult airway, particularly when used in combination. Management of a predicted difficult airway requires early referral to the anaesthetists, formulation of an airway management strategy, and involvement of the multidisciplinary team in decision-making. Fibreoptic equipment and skills should be readily available when required. Management of the unpredicted difficult airway should make maintenance of maternal and fetal oxygenation the primary goal. Decision-making during a failed intubation on whether to proceed or wake the patient should involve the obstetrician and ideally be planned in advance. The periods during extubation and recovery are high risk and require preparation and planning in advance.
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Book chapters on the topic "Invoice scoring"

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Molloy, Aoife. "Knowledge management." In Healthcare Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837206.003.0008.

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Knowledge management is the process of identifying, appraising, and synthesizing evidence to inform healthcare organization and delivery. This chapter summarizes the role and use of evidence in healthcare. Evidence identification, appraisal, and synthesis are described, and the use of evidence to inform the development of healthcare guidelines is discussed. The challenges of guideline implementation are explored and potential solutions are outlined. The future direction of knowledge management is complex and may involve individualized risk scoring and new approaches to analysing large datasets. Knowledge management should be used to guide more coherent care across healthcare systems; evidence and knowledge management must also promote appropriateness in healthcare.
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Campos, Marcos M., and Boriana L. Milenova. "Integrated Intelligence." In Intelligent Techniques for Warehousing and Mining Sensor Network Data. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-328-9.ch001.

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Warehousing and analytics of sensor network data is an area growing in relevance as more and more sensor data are collected and made available for analysis. Applications that involve processing of streaming sensor data require efficient storage, analysis, and monitoring of data streams. Traditionally, in these applications, RDBMSs have been confined to the storage stage. While contemporary RDBMSs were not designed to handle stream-like data, the tight integration of sophisticated analytic capabilities into the core database engine offers a powerful infrastructure that can more broadly support sensor network applications. Other useful components found in RDBMs include: extraction, transformation and load (ETL), centralized data warehousing, and automated alert capabilities. The combination of these components addresses significant challenges in sensor data applications such as data transformations, feature extraction, mining model build and deployment, distributed model scoring, and alerting/messaging infrastructure. This chapter discusses the usage of existing RDBMS functionality in the context of sensor network applications.
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Zulian, Francesco. "Paediatric scleroderma and related disorders." In Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0122.

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Juvenile scleroderma syndromes, including the systemic and the localized varieties, represent the third most frequent chronic rheumatic conditions in paediatric rheumatology after juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Juvenile systemic sclerosis (JSSc) has a variety of clinical manifestations, sometimes different from the adult form. Children show a significantly less frequent involvement of all organs, except for arthritis and myositis which are slightly more common than in adults. Indeed, the overall clinical outcome is better. In most JSSc cases with fatal course, the disease progression is rapid due to the early involvement of internal organs. The recently proposed classification for JSSc enables earlier and more definite diagnoses and provides clear criteria to standardize the conduct of clinical trials. Juvenile localized scleroderma (JLS), also known as morphoea, is much more frequent than JSSc. It comprises a group of distinct conditions which involve the skin and subcutaneous tissues. They range from very small plaques of fibrosis involving only the skin, to diseases which may cause significant functional and cosmetic deformity, with a variety of extracutaneous features. Monitoring of JLS includes semiquantitative clinical scoring methods, a computerized skin score, infrared thermography, and high-frequency ultrasound. Treatment varies from topical glucocorticoids, calcipotriene, or phototherapy, as in circumscribed morphoea, to systemic drugs when there is a significant risk for disability, as in linear scleroderma and generalized or pansclerotic morphoea. A recent randomized controlled trial has confirmed the efficacy of methotrexate in these conditions or mycophenolate mofetil in refractory cases.
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Metcalfe, David, and Harveer Dev. "What is the SJT?" In Oxford Assess and Progress: Situational Judgement Test. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805809.003.0012.

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SJTs are commonly used by organizations for personnel selection. They aim to provide realistic, but hypothetical, scenarios and possible answers which are either selected or ranked by the candidate. One such test will contribute half, or significantly more than half, the score used by applicants to the UK Foundation Programme. The test will involve a single paper over two hours and twenty minutes in which candidates will answer 70 questions. This equates to approximately two minutes per question. Your response to 60 questions will be included in your final score, while ten questions embedded throughout the test will be pilot questions which are designed to be validated but not counted in your final score. You will not be able to differentiate pilot from genuine test questions and should answer every question as if it ‘counts’. In one SJT pilot, 96% of candidates finished the test within two hours, which provides some indication about the time pressure. It is important to answer all questions and not simply ‘guess’ those left at the end. Although the SJT is not negatively marked, random guesses are not allocated points. The scoring software will identify guesses by looking for unusual or sporadic answer patterns. The SJT will be held locally by individual medical schools under invigilated conditions. Therefore, your medical school should be in touch about specific local arrangements. Each SJT paper will include a selection of questions, each mapped to a specific professional attribute. Questions should be evenly distributed between attributes and between scenario type, i.e. ‘patient’, ‘colleague’, or ‘personal’. The SJT will include two types of question: ● multiple choice questions (approximately one- third) ● ranking questions (approximately two- thirds). These begin with a scenario and provide eight possible answers. Three of these are correct and should be selected. The remaining five are incorrect. The example in Box 2.1 provides an illustrative medical school scenario. For questions based around Foundation Programme scenarios, over 100 examples are provided for practice from onwards.
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Williams, Howard, and Jessica I. Cerezo-Román. "Introduction: Archaeologies of Cremation." In Cremation and the Archaeology of Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798118.003.0007.

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Four dramatic funerals punctuate the tenth- or eleventh-century Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf; two involve the burning of the dead. While a Christian work to its core, the poem draws upon far older stories and at its very conclusion the poet provides a striking vision of an early medieval open-air cremation ceremony. Having died by the fire and poisonous bite of a dragon dwelling in a stone mound, the king of the Geats is cremated with treasures: helmets, swords, and coats of mail (Owen-Crocker 2000: 89). Before the raising of a burial mound upon a headland overlooking the sea, Beowulf ’s cremation is a focus of more than personal loss by mourners. Burning his body and then raising a mound containing the dragon-guarded treasure marks the end of the king’s protection for his people and foreshadows their own doom. As such, the cremation constitutes the scorching and fragmentation of body and things with fire. Cremation is a memorable spectacle created at a prominent location between land and sea, between earth and Heaven. The burning is also an emotional outpouring: grief and fire are intermingled (Owen-Crocker 2000: 91). Furthermore, as the culmination of the hero’s life and the poem, the burning is the lynchpin between the poetic past and the poet’s present and manifest in an ancient landscape populated with prominent earthen and stone monuments (Williams 2015a). The hero’s cremation in Beowulf is thus heroic, performative, emotive, and apocalyptic: linked to the changing of the world, times past, mourning, and the creation of memory. This description might seem diametrically opposed to the experience of cremation in Europe, North America, and elsewhere in the world today. Cremation as a widespread modern means of disposing of the dead is a process of technological transformation which is usually concealed from mourners. Moreover, the dual process of cremation means that burning the body is followed by the machine-grinding of the bones in a ‘cremulator’, reducing the ashes still further to grains of comparable size and shape (McKinley 1994a). In the poem, we find cremation as public, spectacular, and ritualized; today, it might be caricatured as secular and secretive. However, this contrast between early medieval poetry and modern practice is a false one.
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"involve either the rejection of sexual love or its abuse. love chastely but want sexual satisfaction now, for Although Guyon is the servant of the ‘heauenly example Timias at v 48. The lowest stair is occupied Mayd’ (II i 28.7), he never sees the one and only by those who pervert love, either through jealousy spies on the other before binding her and ravaging in loving a woman as an object (as Malbecco at ix 5) her bower. From the opening episode of Book III, it or in using force to satisfy their desire (as Busirane becomes evident that Guyon’s binding of Acrasia has at xi 11). Book III is aptly named ‘the book of sex’ initiated an action that requires the rest of the poem by M. Evans 1970:152, for Spenser’s anatomy of to resolve, namely, how to release women from male love extends outward to the natural order and the tyranny, and therefore release men from their desire cosmos, and to the political order in which the ‘Most to tyrannize women. Chastity is fulfilled when its famous fruites of matrimoniall bowre’ (iii 3.7) are patron, Britomart, frees Amoret from Busirane’s the progeny of English kings. tyranny; friendship is fulfilled when Florimell’s chaste To fashion the virtues of the first two books, love for Marinell leads to her being freed from Spenser uses the motif of the single quest: a knight is Proteus’s tyranny; and Artegall is able to fulfil the guided to his goal, one by Una and the other by the virtue of justice when his lover, Britomart, frees him Palmer, and on his way engages in chivalric action from Radigund’s tyranny to which he has submitted. usually in the open field. To fashion chastity, he uses By destroying Acrasia’s sterile bower of perpetual the romance device of entrelacement, the interweav-summer, Guyon frees Verdant, whose name invokes ing of separate love stories into a pattern of relation-spring with its cycle of regeneration. The temperate ships. (As the stories of the four squires in Books III body, seen in the Castle of Alma, ‘had not yet felt and IV form an interlaced narrative, see Dasenbrock Cupides wanton rage’ (II ix 18.2), but with the cycle 1991:52–69.) The variety of love’s pageants requires of the seasons, love enters the world: ‘all liuing multiple quests, and the action shifts to the forest, wights, soone as they see | The spring breake forth the seashore, and the sea (see ‘Places, allegorical’ and out of his lusty bowres, | They all doe learne to play ‘Sea’ in the SEnc). Thus Britomart, guided by ‘blind the Paramours’ (IV x 45). Once the temperate body loue’ (IV v 29.5), wanders not knowing where to has felt ‘Cupides wanton rage’ in Book III, knights find her lover. As she is a virgin, her love for Artegall lie wounded or helpless and their ladies are either in is treated in the Belphœbe–Timias story; as she seeks flight or imprisoned – all except Britomart, who, to fulfil her love in marriage, her relationship to though as sorely wounded by love as any, is armed Artegall is treated in the Scudamour–Amoret story; with chastity, which controls her desire as she follows and as her marriage has the apocalyptic import ‘the guydaunce of her blinded guest’ (III iv 6.8), prophesied by Merlin at III iii 22–23, its significance that is, her love for Artegall. in relation to nature is treated in the Marinell– Book III presents an anatomy of love, its motto Florimell story. Like Florimell, Britomart loves a being ‘Wonder it is to see, in diuerse mindes, | How knight faithfully; but, like Marinell (see iv 26.6), diuersly loue doth his pageaunts play, | And shewes Artegall scorns love (see IV vi 28.9), neither know-his powre in variable kindes’ (v 1). While there is ing that he is loved. Yet Florimell knows whom she only one Cupid, his pageants vary, then, according to loves while Britomart does not, having seen only his diverse human states. If only because the poem is image. In contrast to both, Amoret loves faithfully, dedicated to the Virgin Queen, virginity is accorded and is loved faithfully in return; and in contrast to all, ‘the highest stayre | Of th’honorable stage of Belphœbe does not know that she is loved by Timias womanhead’ (v 54.7–8), being represented in Book and does not love him. (To complete this scheme: at III by Belphœbe. She was ‘vpbrought in perfect III vii 54, Columbell knows that she is loved by the Maydenhed’ by Diana, while her twin (yet later Squire of Dames but withholds love for him.) The born) sister, Amoret, was ‘vpbrought in goodly pattern formed by these stories fashions the virtue of womanhed’ (vi 28.4, 7) by Venus. Accordingly, chastity of which Britomart is the patron. Amoret occupies the central stair of chaste love, for Since interlaced narratives take the place of the lin-she loves Scudamour faithfully and is rescued by ear quest, Spenser structures Book III by balancing Britomart, the virgin who loves Artegall faithfully. the opening and concluding cantos against the mid-Since both are chaste, their goal is marriage in which dle canto. Canto vi is the book’s centre as it treats." In Spenser: The Faerie Queene. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315834696-31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Invoice scoring"

1

Sun, Yuan, Weifeng Jian, Yufeng Fu, Huiping Sun, Yuesheng Zhu, and Zhiqiang Bai. "A new perspective of credit scoring for small and medium-sized enterprises based on invoice data." In 2021 2nd International Conference on Computing and Data Science (CDS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cds52072.2021.00088.

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2

Pitman, Mark W., and Anthony D. Lucey. "Optimal Swimming Modes of a Homo-Sapien Performing Butterfly-Stroke Kick." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93938.

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Abstract:
This paper outlines the development and application of a computational method that finds the most efficient two-dimensional swimming mode of a human performing fully submerged butterfly-stroke kick at high Reynolds number. The optimal solution of this non-linear problem is found using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) search method where possible solutions compete in a ‘survival of the fittest’ scheme to ‘breed’ the optimal solution. The swimming is modelled using Discrete Vortex Method (DVM) and Boundary Element Method (BEM) computational techniques. The BEM solves for the inviscid flow field around the two-dimensional body while the shedding of vorticies from joints where the curvature is high (ie. knee, waist and ankle joints) generate the vortex structures necessary for propulsion. The motion of the limbs is characterised by a displacement function which includes the possibility for simple harmonic or non-harmonic motion with a ‘rest’ period in the kick. The finite number of joints means that a finite length parameter set can be developed which characterises the motion of the swimming body. This parameter set is fed into the GA to perform the optimisation based on a scoring function. In this case, the scoring function is simply the distance that the body swims in a set amount of time. The objective of the GA is to maximise this score for a set kicking frequency. This method opens a wider possibility for optimisation of a variety of systems that involve fluid-structure interactions, particulary the possibility of optimisation in the non-linear regime of prescribed motion coupled with compliant surfaces (such as rubbery flippers) that could further increase efficiency.
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