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Journal articles on the topic 'Iodine deficiency disorders'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ilin, Alexander, and Armen Nersesyan. "Toxicology of iodine: A mini review." Archive of Oncology 21, no. 2 (2013): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo1302065i.

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Iodine is necessary for all living organisms. Deficiency of iodine in the organism leads to various diseases (including mental) and increased rates of cancer. It is well known that one third of the world?s population lived in iodine-deficient areas. At present time, the primary intervention for preventing iodine deficiency disorders worldwide is through the iodization of salt. The two most common types of fortificant used to iodize salt are potassium iodide and potassium iodate. Iodine-containing compounds are also widely used in clinical medicine as a highly effective topical antimicrobial ag

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2

Topliss, Duncan J. "Iodine‐deficiency disorders." Medical Journal of Australia 150, no. 12 (1989): 669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136757.x.

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3

HETZEL, B. "IODINE-DEFICIENCY DISORDERS." Lancet 331, no. 8599 (1988): 1386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92193-9.

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4

Zimmermann, Michael B., Pieter L. Jooste, and Chandrakant S. Pandav. "Iodine-deficiency disorders." Lancet 372, no. 9645 (2008): 1251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61005-3.

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5

MEDEIROS-NETO, GERALDO. "Iodine Deficiency Disorders." Thyroid 1, no. 1 (1990): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.1990.1.73.

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6

Kapil, Umesh. "Iodine deficiency disorders." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 68, no. 5 (2001): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02723032.

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7

Rao, Dr Girish N., and Dr Krishnamurthy U. Dr Krishnamurthy U. "Trend in Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Karnataka, India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 5 (2011): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2013/146.

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8

Rao, Dr Girish N., and Dr Krishnamurthy U. Dr Krishnamurthy U. "Trend in Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Karnataka, India." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 5 (2011): 477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2013/149.

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9

Vitti, Paolo, Teresa Rago, Fabrizio Aghini-Lombardi, and Aldo Pinchera. "Iodine deficiency disorders in Europe." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 2b (2001): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001138.

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AbstractIodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are related to the degree of iodine deficiency. In european countries, characterized by mild to moderate iodine deficiency, neurological deficits or minor neuropsychological impairments have been described. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) ranged from 30 to 170 mcg/L, 141 millions of people were at risk of IDD, 97 millions were affected by goiter and 0.9 millions had an impaired mental development.Iodine prophylaxis is devoid of adverse reactions with the exception of sporadic cases of transitory hyperthyroidism, associated to the severity of iodine defi

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10

Bhushan Joshi, Kalpana. "Awareness regarding Iodine deficiency disorders: World Iodine deficiency day." Journal of Community Health Management 7, no. 1 (2020): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jchm.2020.007.

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11

Evglevskiy, Alexei, Olga Shvets, and Tatyana Mikhaleva. "Correction of energometabolic disorders atsignificant iodine deficiency in calves." BIO Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213700019.

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The paper is devoted to the development and use of theiodomethaboliccomplex based on iodine-iodide with polyvinyl alcohol (iodinol) and succinic acid.It was found that the inclusion of succinic acid or sodium succinate in a similar concentration in the composition of iodinol allowed not only qualitatively improving the pharmacological properties of iodinol, but also obtaining an energometabolic composition suitable for parenteral administration.The results of using the iodomethabolic compositionrevealed that with the parenteral administration to calves with clinically pronounced iodine deficie

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12

Troshina, Ekaterina A. "Diﬀuse euthyroid goiter. The algorithms of treatment and prophylaxis with iodine preparations. A lecture". Problems of Endocrinology 60, № 5 (2014): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201460549-56.

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Iodine deficiency is known to be a major cause leading to the development of diffuse goiter. The available data indicate the existence of natural iodine deficiency over the entire territory of the Russian Federation. Nevertheless, there is up to now no legislative regulation of prophylaxis of iodine-deficiency diseases in the country by means of universal table salt iodization. Iodine-deficiency disorders are believed to currently affect 10-15% and 13-35% of the urban and rural populations of Rus- sia respectively. Calcium iodide preparations are widely applied to treat and prevent diffuse goi

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13

Zimmermann, Michael B. "Iodine Deficiency." Endocrine Reviews 30, no. 4 (2009): 376–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0011.

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Abstract Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects in humans, termed iodine deficiency disorders, due to inadequate thyroid hormone production. Globally, it is estimated that 2 billion individuals have an insufficient iodine intake, and South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are particularly affected. However, about 50% of Europe remains mildly iodine deficient, and iodine intakes in other industrialized countries, including the United States and Australia, have fallen in recent years. Iodine deficiency during pregnancy and infancy may impair growth and neurodevelopment of the offspring and in

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14

Winder, Mateusz, Zofia Kosztyła, Aleksandra Boral, Piotr Kocełak, and Jerzy Chudek. "The Impact of Iodine Concentration Disorders on Health and Cancer." Nutrients 14, no. 11 (2022): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14112209.

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Iodine deficiency is an ongoing problem. The implementation of salt iodization has significantly reduced the effects of iodine deficiency worldwide in recent years, and the remaining iodine deficiency is mild to moderate. Iodine is an essential substrate for the synthesis of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland. It can also act as an antioxidant, as well as an anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic factor. Pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and children are particularly affected by iodine deficiency. It leads to thyroid diseases and metabolic and developmental disorders, as well as cancer. Ho

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15

Lisco, Giuseppe, Anna De Tullio, Domenico Triggiani, et al. "Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Prophylaxis: An Overview and Update." Nutrients 15, no. 4 (2023): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15041004.

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The thyroid gland requires iodine to synthesize thyroid hormones, and iodine deficiency results in the inadequate production of thyroxine and related thyroid, metabolic, developmental, and reproductive disorders. Iodine requirements are higher in infants, children, and during pregnancy and lactation than in adult men and non-pregnant women. Iodine is available in a wide range of foods and water and is susceptible to almost complete gastric and duodenal absorption as an iodide ion. A healthy diet usually provides a daily iodine consumption not exceeding 50% of the recommended intake. Iodine sup

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16

Gerasimov, G. A. "Comments to clinical guidelines “Iodine deficiency disorders and diseases”." Problems of Endocrinology 67, no. 5 (2021): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12823.

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The Letter to Editor presents an analysis of some sections of the clinical guidelines «Diseases and conditions associated with iodine deficiency» published in No. 3 of the journal «Problems of Endocrinology» for 2021. In particular, the discussion deals with the coding of thyroid diseases according to ICD-10, depending on the iodine status of the population of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as issues of diagnosis and treatment, such as «verification» of goiter detected by palpation, or treatment of the vast majority of children, adolescents and adults with potassium io

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17

Zimmermann, Michael B., and Kristien Boelaert. "Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders." Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 3, no. 4 (2015): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70225-6.

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18

Yusuf, Harun K. M., Salamatullah Quazi, Moududur R. Kahn, et al. "Iodine deficiency disorders in Bangladesh." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 63, no. 1 (1996): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02823878.

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19

Yusuf, Harun K. M. "Iodine deficiency disorders in Bangladesh." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 64, no. 2 (1997): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02752464.

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20

Lamberg, Bror-Axel. "Endemic Goitre—Iodine Deficiency Disorders." Annals of Medicine 23, no. 4 (1991): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07853899109148075.

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21

Evglevskiy, A. A., O. M. Shvets, and T. I. Mikhaleva. "Clinical and metabolic effects of the original iodine metabolic composition in the experiment on calves." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128504003.

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The article provides a theoretical justification for the development of a complex iodine metabolic composition based on an iodinepolymer complex (iodinol) and succinic acid. The research on the effectiveness of the proposed composition for the correction of energymetabolic disorders in calves with severe iodine deficiency was carried out. The objects of research were calves with clinical signs of iodine deficiency and pronounced energy metabolic disorders. During the experiment, it was found that the test calves showed a marked improvement in the clinical condition. The thyroid status normaliz

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22

Mamenko, M. E. "Iodine Deficiency in the World and in Ukraine: Current State of the Problem." Modern pediatrics. Ukraine, no. 7(111) (November 29, 2020): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/sp.2020.111.40.

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Today, efforts of governments and communities are aimed at coping with severe impacts of new viral disease outbreaks caused by SARS-Cov-2. However, there are gaps in care for patients with many chronic diseases, and programs to prevent the most common conditions are being prevented or stopped. This applies to diseases directly related to eating disorders. To solve the problem at the population level, it is critically necessary to adopt legislative acts regulating the universal iodization of table salt in the country. Currently, in Ukraine, potassium iodate is used for salt enrichment, which is

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23

Joshi, Anand Ballabh, Megha Raj Banjara, Chitra Kumar Gurung, et al. "Insufficient Iodine Level in Urine among Children of a Secondary School: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 59, no. 242 (2021): 890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.6084.

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Introduction: Iodine deficiency disorders are common endocrinopathies in Nepal. Children are at risk for iodine deficiency disorders. Irreversible mental retardation and brain damage in children are the devastating disorders lead by iodine deficiency. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of insufficient iodine level among the children of a secondary school. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urine from April 2019 to July 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from Nepal Health Research Council (Registration number: 802/2018). Fo

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24

Kasatkina, E. P., and L. N. Samsonova. "Efficiency of iodine prophylaxis in Russia: ways of optimization." Problems of Endocrinology 55, no. 1 (2009): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl20095518-10.

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The paper deals with one of the most topical problems of modern thyroidology - prophylaxis of iodine deficiency and iodine-deficiency states resulting in mental disorders in children living in the natural mild iodine deficiency regions. It also discusses the causes and degree of mental disorders in the children and gives recommendations on the optimization of the currently existing iodine prophylaxis system in Russia.

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25

Sharma, Dinesh, Darshan Patel, and Amitkumar Maheshwari. "Assessment of Iodine Status in Children of Bhuj, Gujarat." GAIMS Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 2 (2024): 47–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11502516.

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<strong>ABSTRACT </strong> <strong>Background:</strong>  Iodine deficiency disorder results in avoidable brain damage, cognitive impairment, and inhibited growth and development among children. The aim of this study was to ascertain pervasiveness of IDD in the Bhuj City of Kutch district of Gujarat by measuring urinary iodine excretion levels(UIE) and iodine intake from salt among school-going children. <strong>Material and methods:</strong>  A cross-sectional investigation was conducted to evaluate iodine deficiency levels in 350 school children of both genders, 6-12 years of ages,

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26

Nyenwe, Ebenezer A., and Samuel Dagogo-Jack. "Iodine Deficiency Disorders in the Iodine-Replete Environment." American Journal of the Medical Sciences 337, no. 1 (2009): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/maj.0b013e31817baaf0.

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27

Vasiljev, Vanja, Alen Subotić, Mihaela Marinović Glavić, et al. "Overview of Iodine Intake." Southeastern European medical journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26332/seemedj.v6i1.241.

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Iodine is an essential element for human health. Food is the primary source of iodine, but the iodine content of local foods depends on the iodine content of the soil. Therefore, a low iodine concentration in soil and water results in plants and animals with low iodine content. Numerous effects of iodine deficiency on growth and development are known as iodine deficiency disorders. Iodine deficiency has been identified as the most common cause of brain damage in the world and is linked to its effects on infant and child growth and development. Supplementation of table salt with iodine was intr

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28

FESTUS, O. OKOJIE, O. BLESSING IDONIJE, O. GEORGE EIDANGBE, and O. SOLOMON AGBEBAKU. "IODINE LEVELS IN NIGERIAN HOUSEHOLD SALT." Journal of Advances in Food Science & Technology 4, no. 3 (2017): 109–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1410845.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Iodine is an important trace element whose main function is in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and resistance to infections. This study is aimed at identifying the levels of Iodine in household salts available for consumption by the inhabitants of Ekpoma, south-south region of Nigeria in order to identify the subset of this population that is at risk of developing iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs). <strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty (80) samples of household salts were collected at random from several households in Ihumudumu, Egware, Abia-Iruekpen, Ebhoahua, Uke,

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29

Sorokman, Tamila, Marina Bachu, and Iryna Sokolhyk. "Frequency of iodine deficiency disorders among children living in the iodine deficiency region." Romanian Journal of Pediatrics 70, no. 1 (2021): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjp.2021.1.9.

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Introduction. Currently, only a small number of countries have a stable iodine adequacy, about a third of the world’s population lives in areas with some iodine deficiency. Because children have an increased risk of adverse effects in response to iodine deficiency, it is important to assess the health of these children. Aim. To investigate the frequency of iodine deficiency in children from the iodine deficiency region. Methods. The research was conducted during expeditions to various geographical areas of Northern Bukovyna (Chernivtsi region, Ukraine). 1,973 school-age children were examined

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30

Abdulkhabirova, F. M., O. B. Bezlepkina, D. N. Brovin, et al. "Clinical practice guidelines “Management of iodine deficiency disorders”." Problems of Endocrinology 67, no. 3 (2021): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12750.

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Iodine deficiency disorders is a sweeping term that includes structural and functional impairment of the thyroid gland.These clinical guidelines include algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of euthyroid goiter and nodular/ multinodular goiter in adults and children. In addition, these clinical guidelines contain information on methods for an adequate epidemiological assessment of iodine deficiency disorders using such markers as the percentage of goiter in schoolchildren, the median urinary iodine concentration, the level of neonatal TSH, the median thyroglobulin in children and adults.

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31

Sharipov, Avez, Zufar Boboev, Sunnatullo Fazliev, Shokhid Gulyamov, Akhmatkhodja Yunuskhodjayev та Jamoliddin Razzokov. "Development of an Improved Method for the Determination of Iodine/β-Cyclodextrin by Means of HPLC-UV: Validation and the Thyroid-Stimulating Activity Revealed by In Vivo Studies". Pharmaceutics 13, № 7 (2021): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13070955.

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Iodine, being an intrinsic part of thyroid hormones, is a vital microelement required for normal growth and development, particularly in children. Inadequate daily intake of iodine causes iodine deficiency, which is responsible for several health disorders, such as cretinism and goiters. Therefore, the development of new drugs and/or food supplements for iodine deficiency is crucial. We synthesized an iodine/β-cyclodextrin complex based on a host–guest model, and in this paper, we outline the development of a new quantitative analysis method. We suggest a robust and reliable high-performance l

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32

Delange, F., Louis O. Ekpechi, and H. Rosling. "CASSAVA CYANOGENESIS AND IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 375 (November 1994): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.375.29.

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33

Kapil, Umesh. "Iodine deficiency disorders and their elimination." Indian Journal of Medical Research 148, no. 1 (2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_852_17.

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34

Boyages, S. C. "Clinical review 49: Iodine deficiency disorders." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 77, no. 3 (1993): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.77.3.587.

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35

Clar, Christine, Taixiang Wu, Guanjian Liu, and Ping Li. "Iodized salt for iodine deficiency disorders." Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 31, no. 3 (2002): 681–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8529(02)00011-7.

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36

Boyages, S. C. "Clinical review 49: Iodine deficiency disorders." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 77, no. 3 (1993): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.77.3.8370679.

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37

DELANGE, F. "The Disorders Induced by Iodine Deficiency." Thyroid 4, no. 1 (1994): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.1994.4.107.

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38

Laurberg, P., S. B. Nøhr, K. M. Pedersen, et al. "Thyroid Disorders in Mild Iodine Deficiency." Thyroid 10, no. 11 (2000): 951–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/thy.2000.10.951.

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39

Pincock, Stephen. "Basil Hetzel: vanquishing iodine deficiency disorders." Lancet 381, no. 9868 (2013): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60569-3.

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40

Maberly, Glen F. "Iodine Deficiency Disorders: Contemporary Scientific Issues." Journal of Nutrition 124, suppl_8 (1994): 1473S—1478S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/124.suppl_8.1473s.

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41

Paudel, Rajan. "Revisiting Salt Iodization Standards in Nepal: Opportunity and Challenge." MedS Alliance Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2023): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjmms.v3i5.60170.

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Iodine deficiency disorder is still a major global public health issue, especially in areas with limited access to iodine-rich food sources. Nepal, a landlocked country in South Asia, has made significant progress in alleviating iodine deficiency disorders by implementing salt iodization initiatives. Maintaining continued success in the elimination of iodine deficiency disorders, it is necessary to revaluate current iodization requirements as the country develops. This paper examines Nepal's present situation with regard to salt iodization, emphasizing the opportunities and challenges of revie

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42

Mottiar, Yaseen, and Illimar Altosaar. "Iodine sequestration by amylose to combat iodine deficiency disorders." Trends in Food Science & Technology 22, no. 6 (2011): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2011.02.007.

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43

Solomon, Mabapa, Mbhenyane Getrude, L. Pieter, Mamabolo Lesly, and Amey Alphonse. "Iodine Status of Rural School children in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 2, no. 2 (2014): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.2.2.07.

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Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Iodine deficiency develops due to imbalance between dietary iodine intake and thyroid requirements. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) includes a wide spectrum of abnormalities in the physical and cognitive development of human.

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44

Maryanes, Maryanes, Wiryatun Lestariana, and Untung S. Widodo. "Hubungan status pestisida dengan status gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY) anak SD pada daerah endemik GAKY Kabupaten Dairi." Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 4, no. 3 (2008): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.17675.

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Background: Thyroxin plays important role in the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol, and in the process of growth. Iodine deficiency disorder not only can be caused by lack of iodine substance but also another competition factor, which is a pollutant substance which is goitergenic (pesticide). This goitergenic substance interferes hormonogenesis of thyroid causing enlargement of thyroid gland known as goiter.Objective: This study was aimed at examining the relationship between status of pesticide and status of iodine deficiency disorders (urinary iodine excretion) of elementar

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45

Todorovic-Djilas, Ljiljana, Ivana Bajkin, Tijana Icin, Jovanka Novakovic-Paro, and Branka Kovacev-Zavisic. "Iodine and thyroid gland with or without nuclear catastrophe." Medical review 65, no. 11-12 (2012): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1212489t.

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Introduction. Iodine, as a trace element, is a necessary and limiting substrate for thyroid gland hormone synthesis. It is an essential element that enables the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones and Iodine Metabolism. Three iodine molecules are added to make triiodothyronine, and four for thyroxine - the two key hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency. The proper daily amount of iodine is required for optimal thyroid function. Iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, developmental brain disorde

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46

Verma, Navin. "Assessment of Iodine in Salt Samples from North Delhi Schools." Journal of Communicable Diseases 52, no. 03 (2020): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202030.

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Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for normal thyroid function, growth, and development. Iodine deficiency can lead to a variety of health and developmental consequences known as Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs). Realizing the magnitude of the problem and to ensure its prevention by 100% consumption of adequately iodized salt (≥15ppm), National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme (NIDDCP) is being implemented in India. However, periodic assessment of the salt used is needed to ensure the same. Hence, with the objective of assessment of iodine, household salt samples were

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47

Andarmoyo, Sulistyo, Lumastari Ajeng Wijayanti, Ony Wibriyono Angkejaya, Hasnia Ahmad, and Nelly Mariati. "Behavior of Toddler Mothers Against Disorders Due to Iodine Deficiency." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 12 (2023): 11085–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i12.5241.

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One of the four nutritional problems in Indonesia is Iodine Deficiency. Iodine deficiency is a set of symptoms that occur due to continuous lack of element Iodine and long period of time. Iodine is needed by everyone, especially during the growth period. Iodine deficiency will cause impaired physical growth and low intelligence the quality of human resources is getting worse. This study aims to analyze the behavior of mothers under five towards Iodine Deficiency Disorders. This Research There are three data collection methods that are often used in qualitative research, namely: 1) participator

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48

Malinka, Zuzanna, Julita Gmitrzuk, Katarzyna Wiśniewska, et al. "The role of iodine in thyroid function and iodine impact on the course of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis - review." Quality in Sport 16 (July 9, 2024): 52639. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/qs.2024.16.52639.

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Introduction: Iodine is one of the most important micronutrients necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. It is an essential component of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, hormones produced and secreted by the thyroid gland. Severe iodine deficiency impairs thyroid hormone synthesis and can lead to gland enlargement. This deficiency results in various disorders collectively termed iodine deficiency disorders. Not only iodine deficiency but also excess iodine intake can be harmful and affect thyroid function. Doses of iodine above physiological levels can result in both hypothyr

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49

Terekhov, Petr A., Anastasia A. Rybakova, Maria A. Terekhova, and Ekaterina A. Troshina. "Awareness of the population in Russian Federation about iodine deficiency, its effects and methods for prevention of iodine deficiency disorders." Clinical and experimental thyroidology 15, no. 3 (2020): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/ket12239.

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Background: Throughout all territory of Russian Federation has been confirmed absence of iodine deficiency of varying severity. Chronic iodine deficiency leads to irreversible defects in the intellectual and physical development of children, thyroid gland diseases, including such severe manifestations as functional autonomy and iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis and reproductive disorders. Aims: To assess the awareness of Russians about the effect of iodine deficiency on health and the need to use iodized salt in food. Materials and methods: During November 2019 we conducted an anonymou

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50

Bharathi, M. Naga, K. Eswar Kumar, K. Prasad, and Y. Srinivas. "Iodine nutrition and its assessment during pregnancy: a need for concern." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 9 (2022): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20222341.

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Abstract:

Micro nutrient iodine was essential in biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (TH). These hormones play a vital role in the growth and development of human beings at various stages of life. TH are required for normal brain development at embryonic, fetal and at past natal stages. If deficiency of iodine occurs then thyroid hormone production was impaired, if deficiency of TH occurs it can cause irreversible damage of brain which leads to various disorders like metal retarded ness, cretinism and goiter known as iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). When compared to normal adults, pregnant women and scho

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