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Academic literature on the topic 'Iodo hipervalente'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iodo hipervalente"
Carvalho, Paulo Sergio de 1966. "Ciclizações oxidativas de 3-hidróxi-benzenopropanóis promovidas por reagentes de iodo(III) hipervalente." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250616.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Este trabalho descreve uma metodologia para a síntese de 1,2- e 1,4-benzoquinona-monocetais através da oxidação de fenóis contendo uma cadeia hidróxi-alquílica lateral promovida por reagentes de iodo(III) hipervalente. 3-Hidróxi-?-metil-benzenopropanol e três derivados metoxilados foram preparados a partir dos respectivos benzaldeídos. Oxidações do 3-hidróxi-?-metil-benzenopropanol com um equivalente de diacetato de iodobenzeno (IBDA) ou [bis(trifluoroacetóxi)iodobenzeno] (BTIB) em diversos solventes não renderam o croman-6-ol esperado, mas apenas materiais poliméricos marrons. Entretanto, resultados interessantes foram obtidos das oxidações dos benzenopropanóis com dois equivalentes de IBDA em metanol ou 2,2,2-trifluoroetanol (TFE). Em metanol, 4,4-dimetóxi-cicloexa-2,5-dienonas e 6,6-dimetóxi-cicloexa-2,4-dienonas foram os produtos principais, enquanto que, em TFE, ciclizações da cadeia hidróxi-alquílica lateral não-rígida originaram monocetais semicíclicos de 1,2- e 1,4-benzoquinonas como produtos principais. A oxidação do 3-hidróxi-?-metil-4-metóxi-benzenopropanol em metanol rendeu um dímero de Diels-Alder mediante a cicloadição da respectiva cicloexa-2,4-dienona. As sínteses desses monocetais semicíclicos são importantes por se tratarem dos primeiros exemplos de cetais derivados de cromanóis obtidos por oxidações de fenóis contendo uma cadeia lateral não-rígida. A parte final do trabalho descreve as primeiras etapas de uma síntese do (S)-6-benzilóxi-2,5,7,8-tetrametil-croman-2-carbaldeído, proposta com base na metodologia desenvolvida. A síntese desse heterociclo representaria uma nova síntese formal da vitamina E (?-tocoferol).
Abstract: A methodology to the synthesis of 1,2- and 1,4-benzoquinone semicyclic monoketals through the oxidation of phenols bearing a hydroxy-alkyl side chain promoted by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents is described. 3-Hydroxy-?-methyl-benzenepropanol and three of its methoxy derivatives were prepared from the respective benzaldehydes. Oxidations of 3-hydroxy-?-methyl-benzenepropanol with one equivalent of iodobenzene diacetate (IBDA) or [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene] (BTIB) in a variety of solvents did not furnish the expected chroman-6-ol; instead, only red-brownish polymeric materials were produced. However, better results were achieved from the oxidations of the benzenepropanols by two equivalents of IBDA in methanol or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) as solvent. In methanol, 4,4-dimethoxy-cyclohexa-2,5-dienones and 6,6-dimethoxy-cyclohexa-2,4-dienones were the major products, whereas in TFE, cyclizations of the nonrigid hydroxy-alkyl side chain took place to furnish 1,2- and 1,4-benzoquinone semicyclic monoketals as main products. The oxidation of the 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy derivative in methanol yielded only a Diels-Alder dimer by the cycloaddition of the unstable intermediate cyclohexa-2,4-dienone. The syntheses of the semicyclic monoketals described here represent an important achievement since these are the first examples of semicyclic ketals related to chromanols obtained by the oxidation of phenols having a nonrigid hydroxy-alkyl side chain. The final part of this work describes the initial efforts towards the synthesis of (S)-6-benzyloxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carbaldehyde, proposed on the basis of the developed methodology. The synthesis of this heterocyclic compound would represent a new formal synthesis of vitamin E (?-tocopherol).
Doutorado
Quimica Organica
Doutor em Ciências
Romero, Segura Rafael Martín. "Development of hypervalent iodine(iii)-mediated chemical reactions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402470.
Full textLos reactivos de iodo hipervalente representan una herramienta muy poderosa para la realización de diferentes oxidaciones libres de metal. Se llevaron a cabo estudios mecanísticos incluyendo experimentos físico-orgánicos de control respecto a la diaminación intermolecular de alquenos, demostrando la veracidad de los cálculos DFT previamente realizados. Esta información resultó crucial para el desarrollo de una pionera diaminación enantioselectiva de estirenos catalizada por iodo(III). Uno de los mayores logros es el diseño de un nuevo catalizador de iodo quiral basado en el ácido láctico como fuente económica de información estereoquímica. La optimización del catalizador incluye un aumento crucial de electrondensidad en el núcleo de iodo y la presencia del grupo amida en la cadena de lactato quiral. Entre los diferentes oxidantes terminales probados, mCPBA resultó ser el más eficiente, dando buenos rendimientos y una enantioselectividad sin precedentes, siendo ésta siempre superior al 90% ee. Esta reacción puede extenderse a alquenos terminales e internos que contengan la estructura de estireno. Este logro representa uno de los resultados más avanzados en la diaminación asimétrica de alquenos. En un estudio adicional, se consiguió una nueva formación de enlaces carbono-boro. Aquí, la borilación de sales de diariliodonio fue posible tras la identificación de un contraión apropiado en el reactivo de diariliodonio. Gracias a la generación in situ de un umpolung en el centro de boro, su arilación por el reactivo hipervalente es posible. Con esta finalidad, se sintetizaron diferentes acetatos de diariliodonio y se demostró la gran aplicabilidad de esta metodología en la transferencia de grupos aromáticos. Este protocolo representa uno de los pocos procesos económicos de borilación en ausencia de metal.
Hypervalent iodine(III) reagents represent a powerful tool for the realisation of different metal-free oxidation reactions. Mechanistic studies including physical-organic control experiments concerning the oxidative iodine(III)-mediated intermolecular diamination of alkens were carried out, demonstrating the veracity of previous DFT calculations. This information provided crucial insight for the development of a pioneering iodine(III)-catalysed enantioselective diamination of styrenes. The design of a novel chiral iodine catalyst based on lactic acid as economic chiral information source represents the key accomplishment. Catalyst optimisation involves a crucial electrondensity enhancement at the iodine core and a secondary amide motive in the chiral lactate side chain. Among different terminal oxidants, conventional mCPBA emerged as the most efficient one leading to good yields and unprecedented enantioselectivities of above 90% ee. The scope of the reaction comprises terminal and internal alkenes within the styrene motif. It represents the state of the art in asymmetric diamination of alkenes. In an additional study, a novel carbon-boron bond formation was accomplished. Here, borylation of diaryliodonium salts was encountered feasible upon identification of a suitable counterion in the diaryliodonium reagent. By generating an in situ umpolung at the boron centre, its arylation by the hypervalent reagent becomes viable. To this end, different diaryliodonium acetates were synthesised, thereby successfully demonstrating a broad applicability of this new methodology regarding the transferable aromatic group. This protocol adds to the still scarce number of economic borylation reactions under metal-free conditions.
Quintiliano, Samir Augusto Pino. "Reação de álcoois homoalílicos com tálio(III), iodo e iodo hipervalente, dicloração de cetonas e estudos visando à síntese total da caramboxina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-27042010-082909/.
Full textSeveral aspects concerning the reaction of homoallylic alcohols and thallium trinitrate were addressed. The relative configuration of the indan obtained as product was established based on an x-ray diffration analysis of its solid derivative. With this information a more detailed mechanism was proposed. The ring contraction reactions of secondary and tertiary alkenols with TTN produced indans in 33-65% yield. Nevertheless, 3-alkenols bearing a methyl group on the allylic position lead to fragmentation products in 51- 69% yield, with the loss of a molecule of acetone. Treatment of primary homoallylic alcohols with iodine or hypervalent iodine leads to hexahydrobenzoisochromenes in 26-48% yield via a fragmentation reaction where formaldehyde is produced and reacts with the substrate on a Prins cyclization reaction. When iodine is used, dihydronaphtofuranes are also produced in up to 30% yield through a 5-endo-trig cyclization followed by an aromatization reaction. The Prins cyclization of 3-alkenols primary, secondary or tertiary with equimolar amounts of aldehydes - aromatic or aliphatic or aliphatic ketones catalysed by 5 mol% of iodine was accomplished in 54- 82% yield. These reactions were performed in mild and non-anhydrous conditions.This methodology was also used for the preparation of a hexahydrobenzoisoquinoline from a homoallylic tosylamide, in 60% yield. An easy and efficient method to the 2,2-dichlorination of 1-tetralones, indanone and benzosuberone was developed using household bleach and methanol (5:1), at room temperature in 61-90% Caramboxin is a neurotoxin isolated from star fruit. Its synthesis was desired to confirm its structure and perform new biological tests. The key step of the synthetic path is a Diels Alder followed by a retro-Diels Alder between a chlorotetrolic ester and a cyclohexene derived from dimedone. Unfortunately the synthesis was not concluded and a cyclized analogous of caramboxin, an isoquinoline, was obtained in 7% global yield, in 10 steps, from dimedone.
Scarassati, Aline Utaka. "Estudos visando a síntese total do Raputindol D e alquinilação eletrofílica de cetonas e aldeídos com iodo hipervalente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-12122018-094956/.
Full textIn the first part of the thesis several synthetic routes for the preparation of the northeast and southwest fragments of the bisindolic alkaloid Raputindole D, whose total synthesis has never been described, were approached. The initial proposal was to obtain the northeast fragment in 13 steps from the commercial compound 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, using as key steps a Diels-Alder reaction, a reductive ring opening and a ring contraction with iodine(III). Employing a regioselective Diels-Alder reaction of a silyl substituted intermediate, the construction of a linear tricyclic unit was achieved with the obtainment of a single regioisomer. However, all attempts to ring opening of the oxabicyclic alkene only resulted in the undesired regioisomer, although previous studies with model compounds revealed that this proposal was feasible. Thus, it was possible to access an advanced intermediary in 13 steps and 12% overall yield. The southwest fragment was obtained in 3 steps from commercial 5- bromoindole in 47% overall yield and employing as main steps a Sonogashira reaction and a coupling with 1-hydroxybenziodoxolone. In the second part of the thesis are presented the results regarding the study of the key step for the connection of the northeast and southwest fragments, through the development of a new methodology for the electrophilic α-alkynylation of non-activated aromatic carbonyl compounds with the hypervalent iodine TMS- EBX. Employing t-BuOK as a base and TBAF as an activating agent, mono- and dialkynylated ketones were obtained in good yields. The use of aldehydes as substrates also proved to be possible, allowing to access homopropargylic alcohols derivatives in moderate yields after reduction in situ using NaBH4. Finally, the application of the developed methodology was demonstrated by the preparation of an advanced alkynylation intermediate. The antiproliferative activity of this compound was investigated, showing only weakly active with a more pronounced activity for ovarian carcinoma and leukemia cells.
Bosnidou, Alexandra Eleni. "New Methodology for C-N Bond Formation within Iodine Redox Manifolds." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668478.
Full textEn esta Tesis Doctoral se describen los últimos avances en el campo de la construcción de enlaces carbono-nitrógeno. En ella se discuten alternativas más verdes, comparadas con las metodologías más comunes, mediante el uso de reactivos hipervalentes de yodo y yodo molecular como principales promotores. En la primera sección se presenta el uso de reactivos hipervalentes de yodo que promueven la aminacion C-H directa y selectiva del grupo indol en varios derivados de triptamina. A partir de esta aminación general, otras transformaciones, tales como iodinación, fluorinación, etc. fueron llevadas a cabo, obteniendo productos altamente funcionalizados con una remarcable alta quimioselectividad. De este modo, una alta diversificación estructural de derivados de triptamina están disponibles, proveyendo diferentes componentes que permiten futuras exploraciones en este área. En la siguiente sección, se describe la aminación fotoquímica y catalítica de arenos. Esta reacción funciona mediante catálisis de yodo molecular en presencia de luz visible como iniciador, dando acceso a un amplio rango de arilaminas con diferentes patrones de substitución. Esta metodología es muy general y puede expandirse a derivados con silicio que dan lugar a heterociclos de siete miembros. La ruptura de este enlace silicio-carbono da acceso a las correspondientes anilinas meta-subtituidas. La aminación directa de enlaces C-H alifáticos es una de las transformaciones más dificiles de conseguir en química orgánica. En la última parte de esta Tesis se describe la aminación intermolecular de C(sp3)-H basada en la recientemente desarrollada versión intramolecular. Esta estrategia sintética permite el acceso a diferentes estructuras aminadas de importancia. También se presenta la extensión de esta metodología hacia la aminacion de multiples C-H, obteniendo aza-heterociclos. La utilidad práctica de esta metodología esta demostrada mediante la síntesis de cuatro compuestos de interés farmacéutico
The latest developments in the field of oxidative carbon-nitrogen bond construction are represented in this Doctoral Thesis. Greener alternatives to established synthetic methodologies have been disclosed with the use of hypervalent iodine reagents and molecular iodine as main promoters. Initially, the use of defined hypervalent iodine reagents that promote the selective direct C-H-amination at the indole core of various tryptamines is presented. Starting from the general amination, subsequent transformations, such as iodination, fluorination etc. were performed to afford higher-functionalized products with a noteworthy chemoselectivity. Consequently, a higher degree of structural diversification has become available for tryptamine derivatives, providing building blocks that open chemical space for further exploration. Subsequently, a photochemical catalytic amination of arenes is discussed. The reaction proceeds under benign iodine catalysis in the presence of visible light as the initiator and provides access to a range of differently substituted arylamines. The broad scope of the reaction could further be expanded to silyl-tethered derivatives, which undergo intramolecular amination to give rise to seven-membered heterocycles. Cleavage of the silicon tether provides access to the corresponding 3-substitued anilines. The direct amination of aliphatic C-H bonds has remained one of the most challenging transformations in organic chemistry. In the last part of this thesis, the elusive intermolecular C(sp3)-H amination based on a unique homogeneous iodine catalyst system is reported. This practical synthetic strategy allows the access to aminated building blocks. An extension that fosters innovative multiple C-H amination toward aminated heterocycles is also presented. The synthetic utility of the methodology is demonstrated by the synthesis of four relevant pharmaceuticals.
Silva, Siguara Bastos de Lemos e. "Reações de expansão de anel promovidas por iodo(III)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-20032014-103928/.
Full textThis Master\'s Thesis is divided in two parts, titled: 1) ring expansion reactions promoted by iodine(III) and 2) studies toward the oxidation of octalins and methylenecyclohexanes. On the first part, ring expansion reactions of TMS (trimethylsilane) protected allylic alcohols and benzomethylenes promoted by iodine(III) were studied. The main hypervalent iodine reagent employed was hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodobenzene (HTIB). Five protected allylic alcohols were explored: two containing methoxy groups on the aromatic ring, one containing a bromine on the aromatic ring, one tetrahydroquinoline derivative, and one benzofurane derivative. Seven-membered ring compounds were formed in nearly 70% yield. Reaction conditions were: temperature from -72°C to 50 °C, MeOH or MeOH/AcOEt as solvent and reaction time of 2-6 h. The formation of a benzoazepine needs to be highlighted. In addition, using an electron-rich aromatic substrate, a dearomatization product was obtained. This is an unusual result considering the conditions used. Regarding reactions of benzomethylenes with iodine(III), the behavior of four substrates was studied: a benzofuran derivative, an indole derivative, a benzopyran and a benzoxepin. Reactions were performed in MeOH, at r.t. in 20-60 min. The ring expanded products were obtained with yields of approximately 60%. The formation of eight-membered rings O-heterocycle was achieved. Finally, on the second part of this work, reactions of HTIB with a cis-octalin and with a methylenecyclohexane were studied aiming ring contraction and expansion products, respectively. Tests showed the formation of addition and ring contraction products as traces
Ahmad, Anees. "Exploring the iodine(III)-mediated ring contraction: new substrates, novel conditions and asymmetric reactions." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-29092015-145020/.
Full textA primeira parte desta tese inclui a reatividade de vários alquenos benzofundidos cíclicos contendo oxigênio com HTIB (Hidróxi(tosilóxi)iodobenzeno). Em vez de obter os produtos de contração de anel, 2H-cromeno resultou em 4H-cromenos, juntamente com produtos trans-adição. Apenas produtos de adição de cis foram isolados a partir de 4-metil-2H-cromeno. Contração do anel foi observada em di-hidrobenzoxepinas e 2,2-dimetil-2H-cromenos dando cromanos funcionalizados e benzofuranos, respectivamente. Na segunda parte, a contração de anel de 1,2-di-hidronaftalenos usando HTIB foi expandida para substratos contendo substituintes de oxigênio e de nitrogênio no anel aromático. Os grupos N-protetores Fmoc e Bz são estáveis sob as condições de reação fornecendo indanos em 64-77% de rendimento. O substrato protegido com Ts deu apenas os produtos de adição. Acetóxi e benzoilóxi alquenos geraram indanos em 60-71% de rendimento. Um método novo e eficiente para o rearranjo oxidativo (contração e expansão do anel) de alquenos utilizando iodo(III) gerado in situ é descrito na terceira parte. O protocolo utiliza reagentes baratos e estáveis (PhI, mCPBA e TsOH) fornecendo produtos de rearranjo com rendimentos comparáveis aos obtidos utilizando iodo(III) disponível comercialmente. Além disso, um método para a transformação em uma etapa de 4-metil-1,2-di-hidronaftaleno em 1-metil-2-tetralona utilizando mCPBA e TsOH foi desenvolvido. Na última parte é apresentada a reatividade de iodo(III) quiral com 1,2-di-hidronaftalenos. A espécie de iodo hipervalente é gerada in situ a partir de iodeto de arila quiral, o qual é preparado em uma etapa em rendimento elevado a partir de materiais de partida baratos. Amino alquenos protegidos (Ac, Bz e Fmoc) deram indanos em 60-75% de rendimento e 58-64% ee. Da mesma forma, os substratos oxigenados proporcionram acetais em 41-61% de rendimento e 54-78% de ee. Produtos de contração de anel foram obtidos em 77-88% de rendimento e 34-40% de ee quando alquenos 1-metil e aril substituídos foram utilizados.
Vasconcelos, Ramon Sonedson. "Reações de expansão de anel e de ciclização promovidas por iodo (III) e elucidação do mecanismo de desproporção de iodobenzeno diacetato e de hidróxi(tosilóxi)iodobenzeno por espectrometria de massas por electrospray." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-26042010-135031/.
Full textThis thesis is presented in three parts. In the first part, the ring expansion of 1-vinylcycloalkenols promoted by hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodobenzene (HTIB) is discussed. This study focused on the synthesis of seven-membered ring compounds. This reaction is versatile, because different ring expanded molecules could be obtained by slightly changing the reaction conditions. Furthermore, it was possible to synthesize an eleven-membered ring keto-lactone by oxidative cleavage in good yield, achieving a relatively complex structure in four steps. In the second part, the iodine catalysed cyclization of homoallylic alcohols promoted by HTIB and iodobenzene diacetate (DIB) is investigated. This reaction allows to obtain tetrahydrofuran derivatives disfavored by Baldwin\'s rules. A mechanism was proposed based on intermediates isolated from the cyclization and in previous data from literature. Finally, the last part describes the application of high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry for the elucidation of the disproportionation reaction of DIB and of HTIB in acetonitrile. It is supposed that mechanism of formation of iodine(I) and iodine(V) from DIB involves dimeric intermediates like [[PhI(OH)OIPh]+, [PhI(OAc)OIPh]+, [PhI(OAc)OI(O)Ph]+ and [PhI(O)OAc]+. By the other hand, the main species involved in the disproportionation of HTIB, are the dimers [PhI(OH)OIPh]+, [PhIO(OTs)IPh]+ and [PhI(OTs)OI(O)Ph]+.
Carneiro, Vânia Maria Teixeira. "Síntese total da (+)-baquenolida A, oxidação de cis-octalinas e de 1,2-di-hidronaftalenos com tálio(III) e síntese de reagentes de Koser." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-12042011-134335/.
Full textThe first part of this work aimed the synthesis of (+)-bakkenolide A employing a ring contraction reaction as key step. The target molecule was achieved, with high diastereoselectivity, in 15 steps and in 6.2% overall yield from the optically active Wieland-Miescher ketone, which was prepared by an asymmetric Robinson annulation. Studies to optimize the key step showed better results when thallium trinitrate (TTN) was used as oxidant. However, the iodine(III) reagent (diacetoxy)iodobenzene (DIB) could also be employed to promote this transformation in the presence of acid or catalytic amounts of TTN, but with low yields. We studied the oxidation of cis-octalins and derivatives with TTN in acetonitrile. The reaction of several cis-octalins derivatives with thallium(III) furnished different products, depending mainly on the substitution pattern of the substrate. The most promising results were the preparation of functionalized cis-hydrindanes from 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-4amethylnaphthalene and from 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-4a,7-dimethylnaphthalene. Since methoxy group is one of the more stable protecting groups for alcohols and still the reaction of the 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1-methoxy-6,8a-dimethylnaphthalene with TTN led to the ring contraction product in low yield, we conclude that the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups at the C-1 affect the oxidative rearrangement. The use of acetonitrile as solvent in TTN-mediated oxidation of 1,2-dihydronaphthalenes furnished ring contraction products from substrates containing trisubstituted double bond. Since ring contraction products are isolated in the reactions of trisubstituted dihydronaphthalenes either with thallium(III) or with iodine(III) in acetonitrile, but only addition products are obtained from reactions in methanol or in trimethylorthoformate, we concluded that the success of the ring contraction reaction dependes on the nature of the solvent. Finally, this thesis presents the results obtained during the preparation of the Koser\'s reagent [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodobenzene, HTIB] and derivatives from molecular iodine and arenes or iodoarenos. The use of a one-pot two-step procedure was a good alternative for the preparation of HTIB from benzene, but gave worse results than the procedure in one-step when arenes containing electron donor groups were used as substrates. We could not prepare Koser\'s reagent derivatives from arenes containing electron-withdrawing groups. According to the results obtained for the preparation of Koser\'s reagent derivatives from iodoarenos, we could observe the promising use of 1,1,1-trifluoroethanol (TFE) as co-solvent.
Wu, Yichen. "Hypervalent Iodine as Directing Tool in Iodine-Retentive Transformation of C-H Bonds." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461093.
Full textLa química del yodo hipervalente es una potente y versátil herramienta en síntesis orgánica. En particular, los compuestos orgánicos de yodo(III) se han utilizado como oxidantes de 2 electrones, así como agentes de transferencia de grupos en diversos procesos oxidantes de funcionalización. Salvo unas pocas excepciones, estas transformaciones van acompañadas por la pérdida del fragmento yodobenceno. Una opción menos explorada, pero sintéticamente atractiva, consiste en la incorporación tanto del grupo orgánico como del átomo de yodo en el producto final. Este enfoque presenta un claro interés sintético dado que la retención del átomo de yodo posibilita su posterior derivatización. A lo largo de esta Memoria se muestran distintas reacciones de acoplamiento dirigidas por el yodo partiendo de compuestos de yodo trivalente como sustratos. En primer lugar, se describe un nuevo método de α-arilación directa de cetonas en ausencia de metales. La transferencia del grupo arilo tiene lugar vía acoplamiento orto al yodo, y se basa en la activación in situ del átomo de yodo. Este procedimiento presenta buena tolerancia a los distintos grupos funcionales del areno. La selectividad orto se relacionó, mediante cálculos DFT, con un mecanismo de reorganización yodonio-Claisen con una barrera de activación inusualmente baja. Se ha desarrollado también una nueva vía de acceso para reacciones de bencilación regioselectiva del anillo aromático del ArI(OAc)2 con benciltrimetilsilano. Es interesante destacar que este proceso el acoplamiento carbono-carbono tiene lugar selectivamente en la posición para respecto del átomo de yodo. En último lugar, se presenta una nueva estrategia para la “yodoarilación” oxidante de imidazoles. Este procedimiento se basa en la activación del anillo NH-imidazólico con ArI(OAc)2, seguida por una transferencia 1,3 I-a-N del grupo arilo para la obtención de N1-aril-5-yodoimidazoles. El impacto sintético de la transformación emana de la inherente capacidad de los N1-arilo-5-iodo-imidazoles de actuar como precursores para diversos derivados 1,5-sustituidos de imidazol.
The chemistry of organic hypervalent iodine compounds has been a potent and versatile toolbox in organic synthesis. In particular, organic λ3-iodanes have been utilized as terminal 2-electron oxidants, as well as group transfer agents in a wide range oxidative functionalization processes. With few exceptions, such transformations are accompanied by the liberation of the parent organoiodine fragment. A less explored, but synthetically attractive possibility consists in incorporating both the organic group and the iodine atom into the final product. Such approach presents a clear synthetic appeal, given that the iodine retention opens the door for downstream derivatization. This thesis describes a series of such “iodine-directed” coupling reaction employing organo-λ3-iodanes as substrates. In one approach, a new method for direct metal-free α-arylation of ketones is described. The aryl transfer takes place via the coupling ortho to iodine, and is based on in situ hypervalent activation of the iodine atom. The protocol shows good functional group compatibility on the arene core. The ortho-selectivity was rationalized by DFT calculations through an unusual low-barrier “iodonio-Claisen¨ process. We also developed a new approach for regioselective benzylation of the ArI(OAc)2 cores using benzyltrimethylsilane. Interestingly, the carbon-carbon coupling now takes place selectively at para position to the iodine atom. Finally, an approach for oxidative “iodoarylation” of imidazoles was uncovered. The procedure relies on an efficient activation of the parent NH-imidazole with ArI(OAc)2, followed by copper-catalyzed intramolecular 1,3 I-to-N aryl transfer to constitute the synthetically challenging N1-aryl-5-iodoimidazoles. The importance of this manifold resides in the ability of the 5-iodoimidazoles to act as precursors for a range of 1,5-substituted imidazoles.