Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ion current measurements

Academic literature on the topic 'Ion current measurements'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Ion current measurements":

1

ONUMA, Yoshiaki, Norihiko YOSHIKAWA, Masahiko UMETANI, and Kaszuhiro KIMURA. "Ion current measurements in turbulent diffusion flames." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 52, no. 475 (1986): 1151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.52.1151.

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Gaus, A. D., W. T. Htwe, J. A. Brand, T. J. Gay, and M. Schulz. "Energy spread and ion current measurements of several ion sources." Review of Scientific Instruments 65, no. 12 (December 1994): 3739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144500.

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Muzyukin, I. L., and P. S. Mikhailov. "The measurements of vacuum arc behaviour at threshold current." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2064, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012015.

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Abstract The measurements of vacuum arc current parameters at the threshold current were made. The threshold currents for Cu, W, graphite cathodes were measured. It was shown that the current that vacuum arc chops with, has a statistical distribution. The vacuum arc current chopping is accompanied with significant ion current burst. The ion current of W and Cu cathodes contains intensive peaks with 30-50 ns duration. It was shown that the cathode materials that have intense peaks have a significant threshold current.
4

Belianinov, Alex, Songkil Kim, Cannon Buechley, Matthew Burch, Olga Ovchinnikova, and Stephen Jesse. "Ion Beam Induced Current Measurements of Solar Cells with Helium Ion Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, S1 (July 2017): 2084–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617011084.

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Wollgarten, J. Christopher, Nikolaos Zarzalis, Fabio Turrini, and Antonio Peschiulli. "Experimental investigations of ion current in liquid-fuelled gas turbine combustors." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756827716688477.

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This work covers investigations of the static and dynamic behaviour of a confined, co-swirled and liquid-fuelled airblast injection system. The focus lies on the application of ion current sensors for the qualitative measurement of the heat release rate or for flame monitoring purposes in complex technical combustion processes. The ion current sensor is to operate in a feedback control loop in order to react on combustion dynamics in real time. The first part of the work analyses experimental data, which were obtained with different techniques, e.g. dynamic pressure, chemiluminescence, fine-wire thermocouples and ion current. The results show that the thermo-acoustic instability and the precessing vortex core generate an interaction mode. The frequency of this interaction mode is the difference of the other two modes. This has not yet been observed for partially premixed and liquid-fuelled injection systems before and also was not detected by the chemiluminescence of the flame. The ion current measurement technique is able to detect the helical mode of the precessing vortex core as well as the interaction frequency, leading to the conclusion that the chemical reactions are influenced by this helical structure. Contour maps of the frequencies reveal this influence in the outer shear layer. The second part of the study focused on the ion current probe as a method to predict static combustion instabilities, such as lean blowout. According to the results, the ion current is a fast responding method to detect lean blowout, provided that the detector is mounted at a suitable position. Measurements at different positions in the flame were compared with phase-locked chemiluminescence measurements. Precursors in the ion current signal for lean-blowout prediction were found using a statistical approach, which is based on ion peak distance. The precursor events allow for the use of this approach with a feedback control loop in future applications.
6

Urban, Radovan, Robert A. Wolkow, and Jason L. Pitters. "Evaluating Angular Ion Current Density for Atomically Defined Nanotips." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, no. 5 (July 10, 2014): 1514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614001627.

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AbstractIn this paper we investigate methods to characterize angular current density from atomically defined gas field ion sources. We show that the ion beam emitted from a single apex atom is described by a two-dimensional Gaussian profile. Owing to the Gaussian shape of the beam and the requirement to collect the majority of the ion current, fixed apertures have inhomogeneous illumination. Therefore, angular current density measurements through a fixed aperture record averaged angular current density. This makes comparison of data difficult as averaged angular current density depends on aperture size. For the same reasons, voltage normalization cannot be performed for fixed aperture measurements except for aperture sizes that are infinitely small. Consistent determination of angular current density and voltage normalization, however, can be achieved if the beam diameter as well as total ion current are known. In cases where beam profile cannot be directly imaged with a field ion microscope, the beam profile could be extracted from measurements taken at multiple acceleration voltages and/or with multiple aperture sizes.
7

Rawat, Bharat Singh, S. K. Sharma, B. Choksi, V. Prahlad, and U. K. Baruah. "Measurement system for ion beam profiles using fixed parallel wires and Faraday cup array." AIP Advances 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 125103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117836.

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The radial profiles of ion current density are measured using a combination of two techniques—fixed parallel wires and a Faraday cup array—in a ring cusp ion source. These measurements are carried out for Ar+ ion beam current in the range of 20–90 mA and energy in the range of 850–1650 eV. Current density profiles near the extraction plane of the ion source are obtained by Abel inversion of the profiles of current measured using the parallel wires. In addition, the Faraday cup array provides radial profiles of ion current density at two different locations along the beam axis. A numerical model is developed and utilized for estimating the beam divergence and focal length from the profiles of ion current density measured using the two techniques. A fixed parallel wire array is established as an effective method for monitoring the ion beam profiles close to the ion source's extraction plane when the ion beam is utilized for other applications. The performance of the two measurement techniques is compared by estimating the ion beam current from the measurement of ion current density with the beam current measured from the power supply.
8

Jimbo, Kouichi, and Masashi Iima. "Negative ion current measurements with the modified JAERI probe." Review of Scientific Instruments 62, no. 3 (March 1991): 772–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142082.

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Narula, H. S., and J. G. Harris. "A time-based VLSI potentiostat for ion current measurements." IEEE Sensors Journal 6, no. 2 (April 2006): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2006.870142.

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Soares, Rudi, Alexander Bessman, Oskar Wallmark, Göran Lindbergh, and Pontus Svens. "An Experimental Setup with Alternating Current Capability for Evaluating Large Lithium-Ion Battery Cells." Batteries 4, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries4030038.

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In the majority of applications using lithium-ion batteries, batteries are exposed to some harmonic content apart from the main charging/discharging current. The understanding of the effects that alternating currents have on batteries requires specific characterization methods and accurate measurement equipment. The lack of commercial battery testers with high alternating current capability simultaneously to the ability of operating at frequencies above 200 Hz, led to the design of the presented experimental setup. Additionally, the experimental setup expands the state-of-the-art of lithium-ion batteries testers by incorporating relevant lithium-ion battery cell characterization routines, namely hybrid pulse power current, incremental capacity analysis and galvanic intermittent titration technique. In this paper the hardware and the measurement capabilities of the experimental setup are presented. Moreover, the measurements errors due to the setup’s instruments were analysed to ensure lithium-ion batteries cell characterization quality. Finally, this paper presents preliminary results of capacity fade tests where 28 Ah cells were cycled with and without the injection of 21 A alternating at 1 kHz. Up to 300 cycles, no significant fade in cell capacity may be measured, meaning that alternating currents may not be as harmful for lithium-ion batteries as considered so far.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ion current measurements":

1

Parri, Lorenzo. "Ion current and exhaust gas composition measurements for combustion monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1143828.

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The efficiency of combustion processes is assuming nowadays a huge importance, since the energy production, many industrial processes, as well as building heating systems are still mainly based on the combustion of hydrocarbons. The performance of the combustion process depends on many factors and it is a crucial point for the reliability and the efficiency of a plant or a thermal machine that exploits combustion as a primary source of energy. Moreover, the constant increasing of carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere makes more and more important reducing the emission of this gas as well as the other pollutant/toxic chemical compounds that are produced during combustion. An optimized combustion process allows reducing dramatically the production of chemical compounds like carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxides, and also to releasing in the atmosphere the minimum amount of carbon dioxide per unit of energy produced. There are many studies related to the optimization of the internal combustion of the engines, especially for automotive applications, whereas the literature is less exhaustive for burner combustion optimization. The focus of this work is the study and the development of measurement systems allowing to get information about the combustion characteristics in gas turbines, with the aim of providing tools for monitoring/controlling the combustion parameters and keeping the combustion efficiency as high as possible over time. This activity has been developed in collaboration with Beker Huges (Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie - Florence), one of the world leaders in the design and development of gas turbines. Two different sources of information on the state of the combustion process have been considered in this thesis, namely the density of ions produced by the flame in the combustion chamber and the composition of the exhaust gases. The measurement of the ionic density due to the flame has been used since several years, particularly in the automotive sector, to obtain information about the combustion process: from the postprocessing of the signal obtained using ionization sensors (or ionic current sensors), it is possible to determine, for example, the onset of the combustion, the air–fuel ratio (and therefore the pollutant concentration at the exhaust), as well as to get information about the flame stability and the occurrence of periodic pressure variations in the combustion chamber. On this basis, even if the relationship between combustion parameters and flame induced ion density is highly dependent on the type of fuel, there is room to exploit the information of the ion sensors also with gas turbines, to optimize the operation of the combustor (e.g. reducing instability) and to monitor the polluting emissions. Ion or ionization sensors, which are usually used to measure the ion density in a burning gas, are essentially conductive electrodes capable of generating signals for either the charge transferred to/from the ionized gas and/or the charge induced on the electrodes themselves. The challenging issue concerns the choice of the materials for the sensor (electrodes and electrical insulators) which, being placed in the combustion chamber, must operate in extreme conditions, i.e., for example, in presence of very high temperatures. On the other hand, the conditioning front-end electronics for this kind of sensors is not critical. As far as the measurement of the concentration of toxic/pollutant compounds in exhaust gases is concerned, the most relevant compounds to be considered are carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Monitoring CO and NOx in the exhaust gases is important not only from the point of view of environmental pollution, but also because their concentrations are useful and reliable indicators about the combustion efficiency. The drawback is that, due to the measurement procedure, they cannot be used for a timely feedback control of the combustion process, the reason is that the exhaust gases must be sampled from the chimney and pumped to the measurement instrument (gas analyser), and this procedure introduces a significant delay between the instant in which the gases are produced by the combustion and the time at which they are analysed. From the standpoint of the measurement instruments, exhaust gas analysers with different accuracies and costs (which are usually relevant) are available on the market. These devices can be portable or fixed and can exploit different measurement principles. Besides cost, an issue of these devices is that accurate gas sensors need frequent calibration exploiting reference gas tanks, which can be a problem in specific industrial plants such as power generation or oil and gas plants. The possibility to use a more flexible gas analyser, with a better trade-off among cost, measurement accuracy, the calibration intervals and robustness, is a deeply felt need in the oil & gas sector, considering also that these instruments are required to operate in environments that can be severely harsh, especially in terms of temperature and humidity. In this thesis, the developed and tested, in laboratory and in actual real test rigs of two measurement instruments, one for ion current measurements and one for exhaust gas composition measurement is discussed. For the first instrument, a theoretical model of the ion sensor used was also developed, which significantly helped in interpreting the experimental data.
2

Lindqvist, Daniel. "Simulation of Intermittent Current Interruption measurements on NMC-based lithium-ion batteries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturkemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325298.

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The objective of this report was to implement battery cycling and an intermittent current interruption (ICI) method for determining battery resistance into a simple lithium-ion battery model in the finite element methods (FEM) program COMSOL Multiphysics, andevaluate how accurately the model reflects the behaviour of voltage and internal resistance with respect to experimental results. The ICI technique consists of repeating the steps of first having a longer charging period and then having a short current interruption, where the internal resistance is calculated from the voltage drop that occurs when the current is turned off. The model was evaluated against measurements, made with the same technique (ICI), on assembled NMC-graphite batteries. Codes written in the statistical programming language “R” were used to process the data from both COMSOL and the experiments. Both the batteries and the model were constructed with a reference electrode, to enable measurement of each electrode by itself. The results as documented in this report show that it is possible to simulate the measurement technique in COMSOL, but that both the resistance and voltage profiles differed quite a lot from the behaviour of the tested batteries. The resistance of the positive electrode did however give good results and it was possible to improve the model by changing some parameters. The magnitude of the resistance, which was already quite close, could be improved by changing the porosity and particle size, and the voltage profiles were improved when using voltage-data achieved from the real measurements.
3

Kurian, Febin [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Hülsmann, and Oliver [Gutachter] Kester. "Cryogenic current comparators for precise ion beam current measurements / Febin Kurian ; Gutachter: Peter Hülsmann, Oliver Kester ; Betreuer: Peter Hülsmann." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1125525681/34.

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4

Sellars, Malcolm. "Electric field mill for the simultaneous measurement of electric field strength and ion current diensity." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22039.

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In the last 20 years, the use of high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission has grown considerably. With the increase in the number of HVDC transmission lines and in the transmission voltages, concern has increased as to possible health effects. For research on these health effects to be carried out, it is necessary to measure the electrical environment ofHVDC transmission lines accurately. The electrical environment ofHVDC transmission lines is characterised by: Electric field strength E [Vim];Ion current density J [A/m²] ;Space charge density p [C/m³ ]. Typical values measured under HVDC transmission lines are: E = lOkV/m, J = 400nA/m² . This thesis describes the design, construction and testing of an electric field mill capable of measuring electric field strength from 0 to 25kV/m (resolution = lOV/m), and ion current density from 0 to 1000 nA/m² (resolution = 20nA/m² ). The electric field readings have an accuracy of ±8%. The ion current density readings have an accuracy of ±12%. The field mill was tested in the laboratory in a simulated HVDC environment, and found to give good performance. For operation under a HVDC line, the field mill design will need some alterations to make it weatherproof. The design considerations described in this thesis should be helpful in the design of electric field mills in general.
5

Merkl, Doris. "Current holes and other structures in motional Stark effect measurements." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971921830.

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Wei, Mingsheng. "Measurements of energetic ions and return current effects from high intensity laser plasma interactions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417100.

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7

Fritioff, Tomas. "Precision Improvements of Penning Trap Mass Measurements Using Highly Charged Ions : Applications to solving current problems in fundamental physics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-616.

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In my thesis I describe the improvements of the Penning trap mass spectrometer SMILETRAP. The objective of these improvements have been to increase the reliability and the accuracy with which an atomic mass can be measured using highly charged ions. The improvements have been achieved by stabilizing both the electric and magnetic fields of the trap and by improving the technical performance of the trap system. As a result it has been possible to measure accurately the mass of several atoms ranging from hydrogen to mercury using charge states from 1+ to 52+. It was only possible to use the highest charge states after applying a successful cooling of these ions with Helium during the charge breeding. The technical improvements made a number of interesting accurate mass measurements possible. The measurements of the 3H, 3He, and 4He masses showed that the previously values were wrong. The mass difference between 3H and 3He which is the Q-value of the tritium beta decay has been determined to 18.588(3) keV. The Q-value of the double β-decay of 76Ge was measured at an accuracy of 50 eV. This value is indispensable for the evaluation the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment which aims at finding a possible neutrino-less decay which if present would be a violation of the standard model. The mass ratio of mCs/mp is used to determine the fine structure constant independent of QED calculations. The two decades old anomaly in the mass values of Hg was solved by the mass determination of 198Hg and 204Hg. The mass of 24Mg was measured at an uncertatinty of 0.6 ppb and will be used in the determination of the g-factor of a bound electron in a hydrogen like ions.
8

Gavoci, Entele <1976&gt. "Elf magnetic field influence on ION Channels studied by Patch Clamp Technique: exposure set up and "Whole Cell" measurements on Potassium currents." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1904/1/Gavoci_Entele_Tesi.pdf.

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The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic magnetic fields on potassium currents in neural cell lines ( Neuroblastoma SK-N-BE ), using the whole-cell Patch Clamp technique. Such technique is a sophisticated tool capable to investigate the electrophysiological activity at a single cell, and even at single channel level. The total potassium ion currents through the cell membrane was measured while exposing the cells to a combination of static (DC) and alternate (AC) magnetic fields according to the prediction of the so-called ‘ Ion Resonance Hypothesis ’. For this purpose we have designed and fabricated a magnetic field exposure system reaching a good compromise between magnetic field homogeneity and accessibility to the biological sample under the microscope. The magnetic field exposure system consists of three large orthogonal pairs of square coils surrounding the patch clamp set up and connected to the signal generation unit, able to generate different combinations of static and/or alternate magnetic fields. Such system was characterized in term of field distribution and uniformity through computation and direct field measurements. No statistically significant changes in the potassium ion currents through cell membrane were reveled when the cells were exposed to AC/DC magnetic field combination according to the afore mentioned ‘Ion Resonance Hypothesis’.
9

Gavoci, Entele <1976&gt. "Elf magnetic field influence on ION Channels studied by Patch Clamp Technique: exposure set up and "Whole Cell" measurements on Potassium currents." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1904/.

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The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic magnetic fields on potassium currents in neural cell lines ( Neuroblastoma SK-N-BE ), using the whole-cell Patch Clamp technique. Such technique is a sophisticated tool capable to investigate the electrophysiological activity at a single cell, and even at single channel level. The total potassium ion currents through the cell membrane was measured while exposing the cells to a combination of static (DC) and alternate (AC) magnetic fields according to the prediction of the so-called ‘ Ion Resonance Hypothesis ’. For this purpose we have designed and fabricated a magnetic field exposure system reaching a good compromise between magnetic field homogeneity and accessibility to the biological sample under the microscope. The magnetic field exposure system consists of three large orthogonal pairs of square coils surrounding the patch clamp set up and connected to the signal generation unit, able to generate different combinations of static and/or alternate magnetic fields. Such system was characterized in term of field distribution and uniformity through computation and direct field measurements. No statistically significant changes in the potassium ion currents through cell membrane were reveled when the cells were exposed to AC/DC magnetic field combination according to the afore mentioned ‘Ion Resonance Hypothesis’.
10

Keika, Kunihiro. "Outflow and charge-exchange losses of the ring-current ions during magnetic storms : estimate based on measurement of energetic ions and neutral atoms." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144192.

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Abstract:
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第12109号
理博第3003号
新制||理||1448(附属図書館)
23945
UT51-2006-J104
京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻
(主査)教授 町田 忍, 教授 家森 俊彦, 教授 淡路 敏之
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Books on the topic "Ion current measurements":

1

N, Matossian J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. High-power ion thruster technology. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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N, Matossian J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. High-power ion thruster technology. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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N, Matossian J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. High power ion thruster technology. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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N, Matossian J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. High-power ion thruster technology. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Elmi, Amina H. N. Housing discrimination study: Replication of 1977 measures using current data. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Office, 1991.

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1952-, Simmonds E. John, and International Council for the Exploration of the Sea., eds. Acoustic survey design and analysis procedure: A comprehensive review of current practice. Copenhagen, Denmark: International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 1992.

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K, Carney Harold, and Langley Research Center, eds. 1984 direct strike lightning data. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1986.

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Elmi, Amina H. N. Housing discrimination study: Replication of 1977 measures using current data. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Office, 1991.

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Elmi, Amina H. N. Housing discrimination study: Replication of 1977 measures using current data. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Office, 1991.

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Caruso, Michael J. Biweekly maps of wind stress for the North Pacific from the ERS-1 scatterometer, 1992-1995. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ion current measurements":

1

Smythe, Richard J. "Current." In Arduino Measurements in Science, 45–72. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6781-3_2.

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Bartiromo, Rosario, and Mario De Vincenzi. "Direct Current Electrical Measurements." In Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics, 79–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31102-9_4.

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Bradburn, Norman M., and Seymour Sudman. "The Current Status of Questionnaire Research." In Measurement Errors in Surveys, 27–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118150382.ch2.

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Wilhelm, K. P. "Possible Pitfalls in Hydration Measurements." In Current Problems in Dermatology, 223–34. Basel: KARGER, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000060566.

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Goodwin, Neva, Jonathan M. Harris, Julie A. Nelson, Pratistha Joshi Rajkarnikar, Brian Roach, and Mariano Torras. "Macroeconomic Measurement: The Current Approach." In Macroeconomics in Context, 137–71. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003251521-7.

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Goodwin, Neva, Jonathan M. Harris, Julie A. Nelson, Pratistha Joshi Rajkarnikar, Brian Roach, and Mariano Torras. "Macroeconomic Measurement: The Current Approach." In Principles of Economics in Context, 432–54. 2nd edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429438752-21.

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Kinne, Marko, Ronald Schneider, and Sebastian Thöns. "Reconstructing Stress Resultants in Wind Turbine Towers Based on Strain Measurements." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 224–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_18.

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AbstractSupport structures of offshore wind turbines are subject to cyclic stresses generated by different time-variant random loadings such as wind, waves, and currents in combination with the excitation by the rotor. In the design phase, the cyclic demand on wind turbine support structure is calculated and forecasted with semi or fully probabilistic engineering models. In some cases, additional cyclic stresses may be induced by construction deviations, unbalanced rotor masses and structural dynamic phenomena such as, for example, the Sommerfeld effect. Both, the significant uncertainties in the design and a validation of absence of unforeseen adverse dynamic phenomena necessitate the employment of measurement systems on the support structures. The quality of the measurements of the cyclic demand on the support structures depends on (a) the precision of the measurement system consisting of sensors, amplifier and data normalization and (b) algorithms for analyzing and converting data to structural health information. This paper presents the probabilistic modelling and analysis of uncertainties in strain measurements performed for the purposes of reconstructing stress resultants in wind turbine towers. It is shown how the uncertainties in the strain measurements affect the uncertainty in the individual components of the reconstructed forces and moments. The analysis identifies the components of the vector of stress resultants that can be reconstructed with sufficient precision.
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Rose, James H., Erol Uzal, and John C. Moulder. "Magnetic Permeability and Eddy-Current Measurements." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 315–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1987-4_36.

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Kuselman, Ilya, Alexander Weisman, and Wolfhard Wegscheider. "Traceability without uncertainty: current situation in the pharmaceutical industry." In Traceability in Chemical Measurement, 277–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27093-0_50.

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Matsushita, Teruo. "Measurement Methods for Critical Current Density." In Flux Pinning in Superconductors, 189–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45312-0_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ion current measurements":

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Mundim, Poliana Duarte, Henrik Lofas, Nils Lavesson, and Venkatesulu Bandapalle. "Ion Current Measurements in Air for HVDC Applications." In 2018 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icd.2018.8468467.

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Mundim, Poliana Duarte, Henrik Lofas, Nils Lavesson, and Venkatesulu Bandapalle. "Ion Current Measurements in Air for HVDC Applications." In 2018 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icd.2018.8514739.

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Sobolewski, Mark A. "Monitoring ion current and ion energy during plasma processing using radio-frequency current and voltage measurements." In The 2000 international conference on characterization and metrology for ULSI technology. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1354409.

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Shastry, Rohit, Michael Patterson, Daniel Herman, and John Foster. "Current Density Measurements of an Annular-Geometry Ion Engine." In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4186.

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Tallian, M., A. Pap, D. Kosztka, T. Pavelka, Jiro Matsuo, Masataka Kase, Takaaki Aoki, and Toshio Seki. "Leakage Current Measurements by Junction Photovoltage Technique." In ION IMPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY 2101: 18th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology IIT 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3548445.

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Teppati, Valeria, and Philipp Simka. "Ion current measurements in SF6 and vacuum under high voltage DC application." In 2017 4th International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology (ICEPE-ST). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icepe-st.2017.8188908.

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Hayakawa, Yukio. "Measurements of Current Distribution on a Two-Grid-Ion-Extraction-System Gridlet." In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-5003.

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Wollgarten, J. Christopher, Nikolaos Zarzalis, Fabio Turrini, and Antonio Peschiulli. "Ion Current Measurements as a Method for the Detection of the Reaction Rate in Combustion With Swirl Stabilized Airblast Injection Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42357.

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Due to strict emission legislation, the trend in the development of aero-engine gas turbine combustion is heading towards lean burning approaches. Lean combustion reduces the combustion temperatures and therefore also the nitrogen oxides emissions. Unfortunately, lean combustion suffers from instabilities and the operation close to the point of lean blowout increases the risk of imminent blowoff. Active stability control is therefore inevitable. The objective of this work is to evaluate the signal obtained from an ion current measurement technique to enable combustion control for aircraft propulsion applications in the near future. In the past ion current measurements have been used in several studies as flame turbulence analyzer and to detect the reaction rate. However, investigations in lean burning and swirl stabilized airblast injection combustors for future propulsion concepts are rare. The signal obtained from an ion current detector inside a combustor depends strongly on the measurement position. In this experimental investigation field measurements at atmospheric conditions of the ion concentration in a tubular combustor with a sampling rate of 8 kHz are compared with 4 kHz time resolved temperature and OH* chemiluminescence measurements in order to determine the position of the reaction inside the combustor. Variations were performed of the air to fuel ratio (AFR), the air preheating temperature and the pressure drop across the injection system to clarify the interpretation of the ion current signal. The results indicate a strong dependence of the ion current signal on the AFR and that the technique has distinct advantages compared to OH* chemiluminescence measurements: The measurement equipment is comparable non-expensive and the results reveal that the reaction rate is measured directly and are not interpreted from a 3D image. A transition in flame shape from a compact to a tornado flame can be clearly identified with the applied probe. Furthermore, regions with high temperature fluctuations do not necessarily reveal the reaction zone in a recirculating flow field.
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Safi, Jariullah, Joel Anstrom, Sean Brennan, and Hosam K. Fathy. "Differential Diagnostics for Lithium Ion Battery Cells Connected in Series." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-6274.

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This paper presents a new method for estimating the capacity of a lithium ion battery cell in the presence of a reference cell — the parameters of which are well characterized — in series with it. The method assumes that both cells are cycled using the same current trajectory starting from the same state of charge (e.g. fully charged). Voltage measurements for both cells as well as current measurements for the series string constitute the input to a nonlinear least squares minimization problem. The goal of this problem is to estimate the capacity of the cell given the difference between its voltage and that of the reference cell. We refer to this as the differential estimation problem, and use Monte Carlo simulation to compare it to the more traditional approach of estimating the capacity of each cell in a battery string independently using its current/voltage measurements. Two key conclusions emerge from this simulation. Compared to traditional estimation, differential estimation results in capacity estimates whose variance is (i) twice as sensitive to voltage measurement noise but (ii) significantly less sensitive to current measurement noise. This makes differential estimation more appealing for battery packs with high current measurement noise and low voltage measurement noise.
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Ngoi, S. K., S. L. Yap, C. S. Wong, A. R. Saadah, H. B. Senin, G. Carini, J. B. Abdullah, and D. A. Bradley. "Ion Beam Measurements of a Dense Plasma Focus Device Using CR 39 Nuclear Track Detectors." In CURRENT ISSUES OF PHYSICS IN MALAYSIA: National Physics Conference 2007 - PERFIK 2007. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2940658.

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Reports on the topic "Ion current measurements":

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Haas, James, Scott Engleman, Ronald Spores, Kristi De Grys, and David King. Thrust, Ion Current Density and Energy Distribution Measurements of the BPT-4000 Hall Effect Thruster. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406245.

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Kyllönen, Katriina, Karri Saarnio, Ulla Makkonen, and Heidi Hellén. Verification of the validity of air quality measurements related to the Directive 2004/107/EC in 2019-2020 (DIRME2019). Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361256.

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This project summarizes the results from 2000–2020and evaluates the trueness andthequality control (QC) procedures of the ongoing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)and trace element measurements in Finlandrelating to Air Quality (AQ) Directive 2004/107/EC. The evaluation was focused on benzo(a)pyrene and other PAH compounds as well as arsenic, cadmium and nickel in PM10and deposition. Additionally, it included lead and other metals in PM10and deposition, gaseous mercury and mercury deposition, andbriefly other specificAQ measurements such as volatile organic compounds (VOC)and PM2.5chemical composition. This project was conducted by the National Reference Laboratory on air quality and thiswas the first time these measurements were assessed. A major part of the project was field and laboratory audits of the ongoing PAH and metal measurements. Other measurements were briefly evaluated through interviews and available literature. In addition, the national AQ database, the expertise of local measurement networks and related publications were utilised. In total, all theseven measurement networks performing PAH and metal measurements in 2019–2020took part in the audits. Eleven stations were audited while these measurements are performed at 22 AQ stations in Finland. For the large networks, one station was chosen to represent the performance of the network. The audits included also six laboratories performing the analysis of the collected samples. The audits revealed the compliance of the measurements with the AQ Decree 113/2017, Directive 2004/107/EC and Standards of the European Committee for Standardization(CEN). In addition, general information of the measurements, instruments and quality control procedures were gained. The results of the laboratory audits were confidential,but this report includes general findings, and the measurement networks were informed on the audit results with the permission of the participating laboratories. As a conclusion, the measurementmethodsusedwere mainly reference methods. Currently, all sampling methods were reference methods; however, before 2018 three networks used other methods that may have underestimated concentrations. Regarding these measurements, it should be noted the results are notcomparable with the reference method. Laboratory methods were reference methods excluding two cases, where the first was considered an acceptable equivalent method. For the other, a change to a reference method was strongly recommended and this realized in 2020. For some new measurements, the ongoing QC procedures were not yet fully established, and advice were given. Some networks used consultant for calibration and maintenance, and thus theywere not fully aware of the QC procedures. EN Standards were mostly followed. Main concerns were related to the checks of flow and calculation of measurement uncertainty, and suggestions for improvement were given. When the measurement networks implement the recommendations given inthe audits, it can be concluded that the EN Standards are adequately followed in the networks. In the ongoing sampling, clear factors risking the trueness of the result were not found. This applies also for the laboratory analyses in 2020. One network had concentrations above the target value, and theindicative measurementsshould be updated to fixed measurements.
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Surya, Charles. Leakage Current Measurements in SOI Devices. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada247694.

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Nielsen, Deborah L., David L. Polzin, Ronald P. Omberg, and Bruce J. Makenas. Eddy Current Flow Measurements in the FFTF. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1406803.

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Beardsley, Robert C., Kenneth H. Brink, Richard Limeburner, and Jeffrey D. Paduan. Lagrangian Measurements of Eddy Characteristics in the California Current. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628742.

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Fischer W., A. Jain, and S. Tepikian. Beam-based Measurements of Persistent Current Decay in RHIC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061627.

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Perevalov, Denis. Neutrino-nucleus neutral current elastic interactions measurement in MiniBooNE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/970065.

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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper, et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.

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The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.
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Allen, John S., Robert N. Miller, and Gary D. Egbert. Assimilation of Coastal Radar Surface Current Measurements in Shelf Circulation Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609848.

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Allen, John S., and Robert N. Miller. Assimilation of Coastal Radar Surface Current Measurements in Shelf Circulation Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613943.

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