Journal articles: 'Ion exchange resins – Effect of temperature on'

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Ren, Xin Lin, Ping Long, Jian Wu, Xiu Min Chen, and Bin Yang. "Removal of Sodium Ions from the Mother Liquor of Sodium Fluorosilicate by Ion Exchange Method." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2742.

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Ion exchange method was used to remove the sodium ions from the mother liquor of sodium fluorosilicate in this study. Some experiments were done at different conditions of the amount of 732 resin, reaction temperature and time. At the same time, the regeneration method of 732 resins and the effect of removing sodium ions of the regenerative resins were investigated either. The optimum conditions were obtained. The result indicated that ion exchange method was feasible. And the resins could be regenerated and reused for many times. Ion exchange method was pollution-free and low cost in the treatment process of mother liquor of sodium fluorosilicate.

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Shibukawa, Masami, Masaru Yanagisawa, Ryota Morinaga, et al. "Synergistic effect of temperature and background counterions on ion-exchange equilibria." RSC Advances 8, no. 47 (2018): 26849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra03309a.

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KANO, Naoki, Daisuke ARAI, and Hiroshi IMAIZUMI. "Effect of Temperature on HTO-Dissociation Determined by Ion Exchange Resins." Analytical Sciences 15, no. 11 (1999): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.15.1071.

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Urbanowska, Agnieszka, and Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz. "Ion exchange with macroporous polystyrene resins for the removal of natural organic matter." Water Quality Research Journal 53, no. 4 (2018): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2018.002.

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Abstract Due to the regulations on drinking water quality becoming stricter, it is important to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from water. The ion exchange process that uses synthetic resins is among the many processes that allow it. The suitability of two macroporous polystyrene resins: A100 and BD400FD for the removal of NOM from water and also the integrated process combining ion exchange with ultrafiltration were evaluated. The impact of process set-up and selected water parameters on the treatment effectiveness was compared. XAD resin fractionation was used to characterize removed NOM. The results showed that tested resins can be effectively used to remove NOM from water. Performing the ion exchange in a flow set-up resulted in better purification effects when compared to a batch set-up. The A100 resin was more effective. An increase in pH resulted in a slight decrease in NOM removal efficiency, while an increase in temperature increased it. The use of the integrated process resulted in significant improvements in water quality due to the combined effect. Fractional analysis showed a change in the treated water composition when compared to raw samples. Preferential removal of higher molecular weight hydrophobic fractions and also poor hydrophilic fractions elimination were observed.

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Tschirner, Sarah, Eric Weingart, Linda Teevs, and Ulf Prüße. "Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in Low-Boiling Solvent Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)." Molecules 23, no. 8 (2018): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081866.

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A mixture of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and water was used as a new and unknown monophasic reaction solvent for fructose dehydration in order to produce HMF. HFIP is a low-boiling fluorous alcohol (b.p. 58 °C). Hence, HFIP can be recovered cost efficiently by distillation. Different ion-exchange resins were screened for the HFIP/water system in batch experiments. The best results were obtained for acidic macroporous ion-exchange resins, and high HMF yields up to 70% were achieved. The effects of various reaction conditions like initial fructose concentration, catalyst concentration, water content in HFIP, temperature and influence of the catalyst particle size were evaluated. Up to 76% HMF yield was attained at optimized reaction conditions for high initial fructose concentration of 0.5 M (90 g/L). The ion-exchange resin can simply be recovered by filtration and reused several times. This reaction system with HFIP/water as solvent and the ion-exchange resin Lewatit K2420 as catalyst shows excellent performance for HMF synthesis.

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Severo Jr., João Batista, Roberto Rodrigues de Souza, José Carlos Curvelo Santana, and Elias Basile Tambourgi. "A study of ion-exchange chromatography in an expanded bed for bovine albumin recovery." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 2 (2009): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000200021.

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In the present work, the effect of bed expansion on BSA adsorption on Amberlite IRA 410 ion-exchange resin was studied. The hydrodynamic behavior of an expanded bed adsorption column on effects of the biomolecules and salt addition and temperature were studied to optimize the conditions for BSA recovery on ion-exchange resin. Residence time distribution showed that HEPT, axial dispersion and the Pecletl number increased with temperature and bed height, bed voidage and linear velocity. The binding capacity of the resin increased with bed height. The Amberlite IRA 410 ion-exchange showed an affinity for BSA with a recovery yield of 78.36 % of total protein.

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KRAUSE, H. H., and D. RAMLAL. "IN SITU NUTRIENT EXTRACTION BY RESIN FROM FORESTED, CLEAR-CUT AND SITE-PREPARED SOIL." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, no. 4 (1987): 943–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-089.

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Anion and cation resins were tested as sinks for nutrient ions under variable forest soil conditions. The resins, contained in nylon bags, were placed for periods of 4 wk below the forest floor of a softwood stand, and at approximately 7.5 cm depth on an adjacent clearcut with two different types of site preparation for tree planting. The soil was an Orthic Humo-ferric Podzol. Ion sorption below the forest floor, especially the sorption of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate, was strongly increased after clear-cutting of the forest. Sorption rates were generally lower in the mineral soil than immediately below the forest floor, except for nitrate and sulphate. Mixing of forest floor materials and fine logging debris into the mineral surface horizons generally increased resin sorption if compared to sorption in soil from which the forest floor had been removed. Resin sorption also revealed strong seasonal effects which may have been caused by changes in soil temperature and moisture. Key words: Ion exchange resin, forest soil fertility, seasonal nutrient fluctuation, site preparation

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Guilera, Jordi, Eliana Ramírez, Carles Fité, Montserrat Iborra, and Javier Tejero. "Thermal stability and water effect on ion-exchange resins in ethyl octyl ether production at high temperature." Applied Catalysis A: General 467 (October 2013): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2013.07.024.

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Ekinci, Emine Kaya, Gamze Gündüz, and Nuray Oktar. "Activity Comparison of Acidic Resins in the Production of Valuable Glycerol Acetates." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14, no. 1 (2016): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2015-0012.

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AbstractAcetates of glycerol have been produced in a heterogeneous reaction system using acidic ion-exchange resin catalysts; Amberlyst-15 (A-15), Amberlyst-16 (A-16), Amberlyst-36 (A-36), Amberlite-IR 120 (A-IR 120) and Relite-EXC8D (R-EXC8D). Effect of reaction temperature on glycerol conversion and product (mono, di and tri glycerol acetates) selectivities were investigated via reaction experiments conducted with glycerol to acetic acid initial molar ratio (G/Ac) of 1/6. Increase in glycerol conversion with an increase in temperature was observed for all catalysts. Among the catalysts investigated, R-EXC8D exhibited the highest activity in the temperature range of 95–150°C. Reaction was completed within a 25 minute short time period.

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Brodén, K., and S. Wingefors. "The effect of temperature on water uptake, swelling and void formation in a bitumen matrix with ion exchange resins." Waste Management 12, no. 1 (1992): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-053x(92)90005-4.

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Zeng, Yong Gang, and Long Li. "Study on Treatment of Heavy Metal Lons of Chemical Wastewater by Ion Exchange Resin." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2230.

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This paper used the ion exchange resin method to treat the heavy metal ion Cu2+ of a chemical wastewater and studied the flow velocity, pH and the temperature’s effect on Cu2+ removal effect by macroporous strongly acidic styrene type cation exchange resin D001. The results shown that: when the flow velocity was 1.5 mL/min, pH was 6.0 and the temperature was 30°C, the removal rate of Cu2+ by D001 reached 99.8%. The chemical wastewater could achieve the wastewater’s discharge standard.

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Yang, Min, Qiong Dang, Yan Sheng Li, Zhi Min Xie, and Hai Jun Guo. "Study on CH₄ Conversion over Ce-Zr Solid Solution Supported Nano Pt-Ni Bimetal Catalysts: Preparation and Characterization of Ce-Zr Solid Solution." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.663.

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The Ce-Zr solid solution was prepared by co-precipitation method and ion exchange resin method. The properties of samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. Both the preparation methods can generate solid solution, and the particle size in the sample prepared by ion exchange resin is better than another when Ce-Zr solution formed. Besides, the effect of calcined temperature and feeding order on the formation of solid solution was discussed.

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Prokop, Zdeněk, and Karel Setínek. "Hydration of 2-methylbutenes on organic ion exchange resin catalysts." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 5 (1987): 1272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19871272.

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The course of the hydration of a mixture of 2-methyl-1-butene and 2-methyl-2-butene in dependence on the structure of strongly acidic styrene-divinylbenzene ion exchange resin catalysts has been studied. The most efficient catalysts turned out to be macroporous ones. The reaction rate increased with increasing temperature, while the amount of the product (2-methyl-2-butanol) in the equilibrium reaction mixture decreased. Similarly, the hydration was strongly affected by the water to alkene molar ratio in the starting reaction mixture. Modification of ion exchange resin catalysts with 1-butylamine did not affect course of the hydration in the case of gel type catalysts, while with macroporous resin catalysts the addition of amine up to 0.5% of the total catalyst exchange capacity showed activating effect.

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KURDIUMOV1, Vasilii, Konstantin TIMOFEEV, Gennady MALTSEV, and Andrey LEBED. "Sorption of nickel (II) and manganese (II) ions from aqueous solutions." Journal of Mining Institute 242 (May 24, 2020): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2020.2.209.

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Mine water from non-ferrous metal deposits is often contaminated with nickel and manganese ions. The entry of these ions, especially nickel, into surface waters and underground aquifers is undesirable since it has a negative effect on living organisms and worsens the condition of drinking water sources. One of the promising methods for selectively extracting nickel ions and obtaining an eluate suitable for further use is sorption by weakly acid cation exchangers with chelate groups of iminodiacetic acid. As part of the study, sorption isotherms of nickel and manganese ions by Lewatit MonoPlus TP 207 cation exchanger in mono- and bicomponent systems were obtained. In monocomponent systems, the maximum static exchange capacity (SEC) of the cation exchanger for nickel ions is 952 mmol/dm3, and in bicomponent systems – 741 mmol/dm3; for manganese ions– 71 mmol/dm3 and 49 mmol/dm3, respectively. It is obvious that the studied cation exchanger has a greater capacity for nickel ions than for manganese ions. The influence of a temperature increase from 300 to 330 K on the sorption of nickel and manganese ions was established: in monocomponent systems, the maximum degree of extraction of the former increases from 65 to 77 % (SEC from 337 to 399 mmol/dm3), and the latter from 21 to 35 % (SEC – from 140 to 229 mmol/dm3); in bicomponent systems, the extraction of nickel ions increases from 59 to 78 % (SEC – from 307 to 429 mmol/dm3), and manganese ions decreases from 20 to 17 % (SEC – from 164 to 131 mmol/dm3). The predominant increase in the indicators is due to the filling of the sorption centers of the ion-exchange resins, which are energetically unfavorable for the exchange of counterions at a lower temperature. The influence of the pH of the solution on sorption was determined: the intensification of the process for nickel ions is observed in the pH range of 8.0-8.5 in a monocomponent solution and 8.0-9.0 in a bicomponent solution, for manganese ions in the range of 8.0-9.5 in both cases. The increase in the degree of extraction of ions and the exchange capacity of the ion exchanger with increasing pH is associated with the appearance of singly charged hydroxocations, dissociation of the functional groups of the sorbent and, to some extent, with the subsequent formation of insoluble forms of nickel and manganese. However, with increasing pH, a decrease in the selectivity of nickel extraction is observed: the ion separation coefficient decreases from 14.0 to 6.0 in the pH range of 6.0-11.0.

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Wang, Ying, Yan Sheng Li, and Kai Li. "Study on Preparation of Zn/Al Double Metal Oxide by Ion Exchange Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.674.

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The optimum reaction conditions of D113 type ion exchange resin adsorption on Zn/Al ions and the microstructure of Zn/Al double metal oxide were researched with weight method and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that when Zn/Al molar ratio was 2:1, the number of moles per unit mass of resin adsorption was biggest and the microstructure was better; with the increase of pH value and temperature, the number of moles per unit mass of resin adsorption increased. When the PH value was 3.89, the microstructure of calcined product was best, and the effect of temperature on the calcined product microstructure was little. EDS data and XRD spectra indicated that there were two kinds of ZnO and Al2O3 products.

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Yang, Lin, Jun Ming Zhao, Bin Yuan, and Jie Yang Huang. "The Experimental Research on Performance of the Composite Ion-Exchange Regenerant FH-30." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2018–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2018.

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The composite ion-exchange regenerant FH-30 was made using the own patent technology. The effect of softened water quality and running cycle, after the use of FH-30, was studied under simulation of industrial boiler softened water preparation process conditions. The dynamic simulation experimental results showed that at room temperature, the flow speed of 35 cm/min, the running cycle would not change when the dosage of regenerant was changed, the sodium and ammonium ion content would decrease with the increase of the running time in the softened water preparation process, the sodium ion content would decrease a bit faster at the later running cycle when the dosage of regenerant was greater, the molar ratio of sodium and ammonium almost not changed in the softened water preparation process when the regenerant dosage was 2.1 gram per milliliter resin, composite regenerant can completely replace single sodium salt regenerant. Through the measurement of sodium and ammonium ion in the regeneration resin and failure resin, proved that sodium and ammonium ion were not accumulated in the resin layer.

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Zhang, Yu Zhong, Ru Jia, and Hong Li. "Preparation and Characterization of Ion Exchange Resin Mixed Polyethersulfone Hybrid Membranes." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1359.

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Ion exchange resin (IER) mixed polyethersulfone (PES) hybrid membranes were prepared by a phase inversion method, using polyethyleneglycol-400 (PEG-400) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as additives. Two different types of resin, D201 and D061, were incorporated into polyethersulfone dope solution separately with intention of producing highly permeable and hydrophilic membranes. The effect of filler on morphology, pure water permeation, and rejection of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated. It was found that the morphology of hybrid membranes showed a typical asymmetry structure. The amount of IER, the concentration of additives and the temperature of coagulation bath showed to be powerful factors to influence the pore size and pure water flux. Membranes prepared from a solution containing PES concentrations from 13wt% to 15wt%, the pure water flux decreased from 244.6 to 97.5 L/(m2•h). And PVP could serve as an additive to render the hybrid membrane hydrophilic. High values of BSA rejection capacity were performed by the resin mixed polyethersulfone hybrid membranes.

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Rajamohan, N., R. Rajesh Kannan, and M. Rajasimman. "Kinetic Modeling and Effect of Process Parameters on Selenium Removal Using Strong Acid Resin." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 4 (2016): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.635.

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Heavy metal pollution due to the contamination of Selenium above the tolerable limit in the natural environment is a challenging issue that environmental scientists face. This study is aimed at identifying ion exchange technology as a feasible solution to remove selenium ions using 001x7 resin. Parametric experiments were conducted to identify the optimal pH, sorbent dose and speed of agitation. Selenium removal efficiency of 85% was attained at pH 5.0 with 100 mg/L selenium concentration. The increase in resin dose was found to increase removal efficiency. However, metal uptake decreased. The experiments on the effect of concentration proved the negative effect of higher concentrations of selenium on removal efficiency. The ion exchange process was proved to be optimal at an agitation speed of 200 rpm and a temperature of 35 °C. Pseudo second order model was found to fit the kinetic data very well compared to the pseudo-first order model and the pseudo second order rate constant was estimated as 8.725x10-5 g mg-1 min-1 with a solution containing 100 mg/L selenium.

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Kroth, Plinio L., Clesio Gianello, Leandro Bortolon, Jairo A. Schlindwein, and Elisandra S. O. Bortolon. "Ion Exchange Resin Membrane Sensitivity Analysis of Selected Parameters for Soil Nutrient Extraction." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 10 (2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n10p189.

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The ion exchange resin method has received considerable attention as an alternative soil test method to evaluate plant available nutrients. This study sought to investigate the effect of changes to the resin standard method in the capacity of the resin to extract soil P, K, Ca, and Mg in soils with different texture. We tested the following modifications: soil grinding levels (&lt; 2 mm; &lt; 0.3 mm), shaking time (8 h; 16 h; 24 h), reciprocation level (12.5 rpm; 25 rpm; 50 rpm), solution and elution saturation concentration (0.25/0.25 mol L-1; 0.5/0.5 mol L-1; 1.0/1.0 mol L-1), soil:solution ratio (1:5 v:v; 1:10 v:v; 1:16 v:v; 1:25 v:v), room temperature (10 oC, 15 oC, 25 oC, 40 oC), and resin amount (1 n; 2 n). When one factor was changed all the others were kept the same as the standard procedure. We selected the five most representative soil orders used for crop production in Southern Brazil which have a wide range of clay, organic matter, Mehlich-1 extractable P and K, and KCl exchangeable Ca, and Mg contents. Results showed that modifications on the standard extraction procedure affected the amounts of soil P, K, Ca, and Mg extracted. Temperature was the main factor affecting the amount of P extracted from the soil with ion exchange membrane resin. Our results can be useful to other regions that might be interested in adopting the resin soil test method, allowing others to identify the impacts of similar method modifications on soil nutrient availability according to soil type, soil management, and temperature conditions.

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Nowicki, Janusz, and Jan Mosio-Mosiewski. "Esterification of fatty acids with C8-C9 alcohols over selected sulfonic heterogeneous catalysts." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 15, no. 3 (2013): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2013-0042.

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Abstract A study on the synthesis of esters of fatty acids of natural origin (oleic acid from rapeseed oil) and branched synthetic isostearic acid with commercially available alcohols C8-C9 i.e. 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol (TMH) in the presence of selected heterogeneous catalysts containing active sulfonic groups has been made. The catalysts were obtained using ready available amorphous silicas with different textural characteristics. The influence of catalyst porosity on the catalytic properties in the esterification of fatty acids has been investigated. The effect of the synthesis temperature has also been studied. The results were compared with the results of esterification with the use of acidic ion exchange resins. It was shown that catalysts obtained on the basis of amorphous silicas are good and reusable catalysts for the esterification of fatty acids with higher alcohols

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Rajamohan, N., and M. Rajasimman. "Parametric, equilibrium and kinetic studies on the removal of mercury using ion exchange resin." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 2 (2017): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.037.

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This experimental research was an investigation into removal of mercury by using a strong acid cation resin, 001 × 7. Parametric experiments were conducted to determine the optimum pH, resin dosage, agitation speed and the effect of change in concentration in the range of 50–200 mg/L. High resin dosages favoured better removal efficiency but resulted in lower uptakes. Equilibrium experiments were performed and fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Langmuir model suited well to this study confirming the homogeneity of the resin surface. The Langmuir constants were estimated as qmax = 110.619 mg/g and KL = 0.070 L/g at 308 K. Kinetic experiments were modeled using Pseudo second order model and higher values of R2 (&gt;0.97) were obtained. The Pseudo second order kinetic constants, namely, equilibrium uptake (qe) and rate constant (k2), were evaluated as 59.17 mg/g and 40.2 × 10−4 g mg−1 min−1 at an initial mercury concentration of 100 mg/L and temperature of 308 K.

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Wagh, Vijay D., and Nilesh Pawar. "Development and Evaluation of Sustained Release Tablet of Betahistine Hydrochloride Using Ion Exchange Resin Tulsion T344." ISRN Pharmaceutics 2012 (June 18, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/438342.

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An attempt was made to sustain the release of Betahistine hydrochloride by complexation technique using strong cation-exchange resin, Tulsion T344. The drug loading onto ion-exchange resin was optimized for mixing time, activation, effect of pH, swelling time, ratio of drug : resin, and temperature. The resinate was evaluated for micromeritic properties and characterized using XRPD and IR. For resinate sustained release tablets were formulated using hydoxypropyl methylcellulose K100M. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, weight variation, and in vitro drug release. Tablets thus formulated (Batch T-3) provided sustained release of drug over a period of 12 h. The release of Betahistine HCl from resinate controls the diffusion of drug molecules through the polymeric material into aqueous medium. Results showed that Betahistine HCl was formulated into a sustained dosage form as an alternative to the conventional tablet.

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Fotovat, Amir, and Ravendra Naidu. "Ion exchange resin and MINTEQA2 speciation of Zn and Cu in alkaline sodic and acidic soil extracts." Soil Research 35, no. 4 (1997): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s96079.

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The bioavailability of trace metals, their accumulation by organisms, and their toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms can be understood better in terms of trace metal species. Although there are numerous chemical techniques used for the determination of ionic species, most are tedious, time-consuming, and not practical for routine analyses. Alternatives to these chemical techniques are computer speciation models that often have an incomplete database on metal–organic chemistry, yet scientists continue to use these techniques for estimation of trace metal activities. In this study we compare the cation exchange resin (Amberlite) and the MINTEQA2 geochemical model for the speciation of zinc (Zn2+) and copper (Cu2+) in the aqueous phase of 11 soils varying widely in chemical composition. The pHw(1:5) of these soils ranged from 5·3 to 9·1, while the total soil aqueous phase concentrations of Zn and Cu were in the ranges 1–71 and 5–74 µg/L, respectively. Preliminary equilibration studies revealed that 24-h contact between resin and sample solution was sucient to exchange all free ions onto the resin bead. By using this equilibration time, the effects of temperature, solution composition, and pH on the resin distribution coeficients (Kd) for Zn and Cu were investigated. These studies revealed that temperature did not significantly influence the Zn and Cu resin distribution coecient. Solution composition such as the presence of Ca, Mg, and Al, however, had a marked effect on the Kd value. Although the Kd value was not sensitive to changes in solution pH (4·5–7·1), it increased at pH >7·1. These results suggest that soil solution composition must be considered during metal ion speciation using the resin beads. Changes in Zn and Cu concentrations, however, did not influence the Kd values of these metals. The cation exchange resin method was modified for speciation of solutions containing very low concentration (<50 µg/L) of Zn. Comparison of the 2 speciation techniques demonstrated excellent agreement for free hydrated Zn2+ and Cu2+ in the soils studied.

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Hannam, Kirsten D., Gerry H. Neilsen, Thomas A. Forge, et al. "Irrigation practices, nutrient applications, and mulches affect soil nutrient dynamics in a young Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 96, no. 1 (2016): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2014-0118.

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There is growing interest among commercial wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) growers in reducing water and fertilizer consumption, but little information exists on how best to combine conservative irrigation and soil management practices in the vineyard. In a 3-year-old Merlot vineyard in the semi-arid Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, the interactive effects of resource-conserving micro-irrigation (drippers or microsprinkers), nutrient applications (fertigation or compost), and surface mulching (wood and bark chips) on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) dynamics in the wetted zone of surface soils were examined throughout the growing season using ion-exchange resins. Treatment differences in soil carbon and major nutrient pools, temperature, and moisture were also measured. Higher NO3-N was adsorbed by resins buried under drippers than under microsprinklers except in mulched plots, where NO3-N was uniformly low. By enhancing soil carbon availability and moderating soil microclimate, surface mulches may have promoted microbial immobilisation of N. Compost applications increased soil ortho-P levels, especially on mulched plots, suggesting that both P inputs (from compost) and enhanced microbial biomass (from mulch) promoted soil P cycling. Future work will examine the interactive effects of these resource-efficient practices on leaching losses, greenhouse gas emissions, crop productivity, and fruit quality.

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Sánchez, J. M., M. Hidalgo, and V. Salvadó. "THE SEPARATION OF Au(III) AND Pd(II) IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTIONS BY STRONG ANION TYPE II EXCHANGE RESINS: THE EFFECT OF COUNTER ION CONCENTRATION AND TEMPERATURE." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 18, no. 6 (2000): 1199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366290008934730.

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Sarangapani, Prasad S., Natahn T. H. Neal, Matthew R. Knott, Robert W. Thompson, and Antony S. T. Chiang. "Harvesting and Manipulating Zeolite Nanocrystals." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 2096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.2096.

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Recently, we have developed techniques to synthesize, isolate, harvest, and assemble silicalite nano-crystals into tightly bound aggregates having zeolitic domains interspersed by mesoporous areas. Crystals with well-defined zeolite structure, as small as 45 nm, have been synthesized then assembled into aggregate particles or planar films. This talk will touch briefly on two of these synthesis techniques, some characterizations of these aggregated nanocrystals, and some projections for future work in the area. Oriented films of zeolite crystals also can be prepared, using a concentrated precursor solution; an example of this process will be shown from prior work. Silicalite-1 microspheres, using a Dowex® ion-exchange resin as a macrotemplate, were prepared in the size range of ~.5-.65 mm, using hydrothermal synthesis times of 25 h, 35 h, and 45 h at 80 oC. Steaming time and temperature studies were also performed to determine the effect on the quality of the calcined product.

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Namwong, Sureerat, Vittaya Punsuvon, and Wallop Arirop. "Process Optimization of Ethyl Ester Biodiesel Production from Used Vegetable Oil under Sodium Methoxide Catalyst and its Purification by Ion Exchange Resin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 873 (November 2017): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.873.89.

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Production of ethyl ester biodiesel from a tranesterification reaction of used vegetable oil and ethanol was carried out using a sodium methoxide catalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effect of experimental factors on the fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) conversion. The design of the experiment involved a 5-level-4-factor central composite design and 30 runs were used to achieve the optimum percentage FAEE conversion that was determined by 1H-NMR. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the regression equation was 86.49% and the probability value (p<0.05) demonstrated a very good fit for the regression model. The optimum conditions obtained from RSM were 4% v/v of catalyst, 35.61% v/v of ethanol-to-oil, at 43.70°C reaction temperature, and 75.45 min of reaction time. The produced ethyl ester biodiesel was further purified by wet washing compared with dry washing using ion exchange resin. The result showed that the purified biodiesel by wet washing met the EN standard but the dry washing out put did not but only for the acid value. The blending of 10% v/v of purified biodiesel obtained from dry washing with 90% v/v of petrodiesel could decrease the acid value to meet the EN standard.

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Muraviev, Dmitri, Ana Gonzalo, Nikolai A. Tikhonov, and Manuel Valiente. "Ion exchange on resins with temperature-responsive selectivity." Journal of Chromatography A 802, no. 2 (1998): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01191-6.

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Muraviev, Dmitri, Ana Gonzalo, Nikolai A. Tikhonov, Maxim I. Iljin, and Manuel Valiente. "Ion exchange on resins with temperature-responsive selectivity." Journal of Chromatography A 867, no. 1-2 (2000): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01103-6.

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Muraviev, Dmitri, Anna Gonzalo, and Manuel Valiente. "Ion exchange on resins with temperature-responsive selectivity." Journal of Chromatography A 868, no. 2 (2000): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01211-x.

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31

Song, Feng, and Shu Juan Zhuang. "Kinetic Study for Ion Exchange of Taurine on D290 Anion Exchange Resin." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.85.

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The kinetics of ion exchange of taurine on D290 anion exchange resin was investigated. The uptake curves of taurine on D290 anion exchange resin were determined in batch stirred tanks, and the diffusion coefficient and the mass transfer coefficient were computed, and the effects of stirred velocity and experimental temperature on the rate of uptake of taurine on D290 resin were discussed. The results showed that with the experimental temperature and the stirred velocity increasing, the rate of uptake of taurine on D290 anion exchange resin increase. And with the increase of the experimental temperature, the diffusion coefficient and the mass transfer coefficient increase .With the increase of the stirred velocity, the diffusion coefficient increase and the mass transfer coefficient don’t be affected. Based on the Helfferich number of this system, the mass transfer process of taurine taken up on D290 resin is dominated by the film diffusion.

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32

Yang, J. E., E. O. Skogley, and B. E. Schaff. "Nutrient Flux to Mixed-Bed Ion-Exchange Resin: Temperature Effects." Soil Science Society of America Journal 55, no. 3 (1991): 762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500030021x.

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33

Singare, P. U., and A. N. Patange. "Ion-Exchange Reaction Thermodynamics to Study the Selectivity Behaviour of Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Grade Anion Exchange Resins." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 25 (January 2014): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.25.8.

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In the present investigation, attempts were made to understand the difference in bromide ion selectivity of the two closely related anion exchange resins Auchlite ARA-9366 and Auchlite A-378 in chloride form. The selectivity difference was predicted based on the thermodynamic equilibrium constants and enthalpy values of Clˉ/Brˉ ion exchange reactions performed by using the two resins. During Clˉ/Brˉ exchange reactions, with rise in temperature from 30.0°C to 45.0 °C, the equilibrium constant (K) values were observed to decreases from 8.15x10-2 to 6.06x10-2 for Auchlite ARA-9366 resins and from 2.16x10-2 to 1.10x10-2 for Auchlite A-378 resins. The decrease in K values with rise in temperature, indicate exothermic ion exchange reactions having enthalpy values of -36.14 and -18.38 kJ/mol respectively. The high K and low enthalpy values obtained for Auchlite ARA-9366 resins indicate their greater selectivity for the bromide ions in the solution as compared to Auchlite A-378 resins.

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Saldadze, GKK, A. L. Shwartz, B. E. Dzevitskii, N. N. Savvateev, and V. B. Kargman. "Use of Mössbauer effect for ion-exchange resins investigation." Hyperfine Interactions 53, no. 1-4 (1990): 409–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02101075.

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35

Muraviev, Dmitri, Ana Gonzalo, and Manuel Valiente. "Ion Exchange on Resins with Temperature-Responsive Selectivity. 1. Ion-Exchange Equilibrium of Cu2+ and Zn2+ on Iminodiacetic and Aminomethylphosphonic Resins." Analytical Chemistry 67, no. 17 (1995): 3028–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00113a043.

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Singare, P. U., and A. N. Patange. "Thermodynamics of Ion-Exchange Reaction in Predicting the Ionic Selectivity of Auchlite ARA-9366 and Auchlite A-378 Anion Exchange Resins." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 25 (January 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.25.1.

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The paper deals with predicting the iodide ion selectivity of nuclear and non-nuclear grade anion exchange resins. The ionic selectivity prediction was made on the basis of thermodynamic data of Clˉ/I ˉ ion exchange reaction. It was observed that with rise in temperature from 30.0°C to 45.0 °C, the equilibrium constant (K) values were observed to decreases from 59.77x10-2 to 23.77x10-2 for Auchlite ARA-9366 resins and from 9.01x10-2 to 4.05x10-2 for Auchlite A-378 resins. The decrease in K values with rise in temperature, indicate exothermic ion exchange reactions having enthalpy values of -47.87 and -39.51 kJ/mol respectively. The high K and low enthalpy values obtained for Auchlite ARA-9366 resins indicate their greater selectivity for the iodide ions in the solution as compared to Auchlite A-378 resins, when both the resins are present in chloride form.

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Zala, Shailesh N., Mitesh B. Gondaliya, and Javed G. Mahetar. "Synthesis and Thermal Stability of Melamine-Formaldehyde-Nitro Aniline Ion-Exchange Resin." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 32 (April 2014): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.32.112.

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A series of resins was synthesized and analyzed for selective ion-exchange nature for some metals. Substituted aniline was reacted with formaldehyde, melamine. For the synthesis of ion-exchange resins, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst. These resins were characterized by elemental analysis and studied antimicrobial activities. Synthesized Resin shows ion exchange capability and moderate activity against microbial. Ion exchange resin also showed reusability and stability at an elevated temperature.

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Singare, P. U. "Nondestructive Radioactive Tracer Technique in Characterization of Anion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-8000 and Duolite A-368." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 17 (September 2013): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.17.14.

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Radioactive tracer isotopes 131I and 82Br were used to characterize anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-8000 and Duolite A-368 by application of nondestructive technique. The resin characterization was based on their performance during iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. It was observed that during the iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 62.10% to 68.10 % using Purolite NRW-8000 resins and from 44.20% to 46.80% using Duolite A-368 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated as 0.260, 0.500, 0.130 and 11.8 respectively for Purolite NRW-8000 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.130, 0.345, 0.045 and 6.7 as that obtained for Duolite A-368 resins. The similar trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. From the overall results it appears that under identical experimental conditions, Purolite NRW-8000 resins show superior performance over Duolite A-368 resins. It is expected here that the present nondestructive technique can be extended further for characterization of different industrial grade ion exchange resins, which will help in their selection for specific industrial application.

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Dominguez, Carmen M., Arturo Romero, and Aurora Santos. "Improved Etherification of Glycerol with Tert-Butyl Alcohol by the Addition of Dibutyl Ether as Solvent." Catalysts 9, no. 4 (2019): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9040378.

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The etherification of glycerol with tert-butyl alcohol in the presence of acid catalysts gives rise to the production of ethers (monoethers, diethers and triethers) of high added-value, which can be used as oxygenated additives in fuels. This reaction is limited by the thermodynamic equilibrium, which can be modified by the addition of solvents that selectively solubilize the products of interest along with tert-butyl alcohol, leading to the progress of the reaction. In this work, it has been demonstrated that the addition of dibutyl ether allows shifting the reaction equilibrium, increasing the production of diethers. From the study of the main operating conditions, it was determined that an increase in the concentration of the solvent has a positive effect on the selectivity towards the production of diethers, the concentration of the catalyst (a commercial ion exchange resin, Amberlyst 15, named A-15) and the reaction temperature were also determining variables. Working with concentrations of tert-butyl alcohol above the stoichiometric one did not report great advantages. The optimal operating conditions to maximize the conversion of glycerol and the selectivity towards diethers were: 70 °C, 20% catalyst (referred to the total starting mass of the system), the stoichiometric ratio of glycerol:tert-butyl alcohol (G:TB = 1:3) and 1:2 molar ratio of dibutyl ether:tert-butyl alcohol. A study of three consecutive reaction cycles showed the high stability of the catalyst, obtaining identical results.

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Singare, P. U. "Application of Nondestructive Radio Tracer Technique in Performance Evaluation of Anion Exchange Resins Duolite ARA-9366 and Duolite A-171." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 2013): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.18.63.

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Radio analytical technique as a non-destructive technique was used in the present investigation to trace the kinetics of ion-isotopic exchange reaction taking place in Duolite ARA-9366 (nuclear grade) and Duolite A-171 (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The kinetics data suggest that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reactions under identical experimental conditions of 40.00C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 M labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.176, 0.383, 0.067 and 7.8 respectively for Duolite ARA-9366 resin, which was higher than 0.142, 0.353, 0.050 and 7.0 respectively as that obtained for Duolite A-171 resins. Also it is observed that at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases 0.001 M to 0.004 M, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 49.20% to 51.80% for Duolite ARA-9366 resins; and from 45.20% to 47.80% for Duolite A-171 resins. The similar trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The overall results indicate superior performance of Duolite ARA-9366 resins over Duolite A-171 resins under identical operational parameters.

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Singare, P. U. "Comparative Study of Anion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-143 by Application Isotopic Technique." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 17 (September 2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.17.1.

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Isotopic tracer technique using 131I and 82Br was used to characterize Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-143 anion exchange resins. The characterization study was done by carrying out iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions taking place between the resin surface and the external labeled ionic solution. For the two resins it was observed that under identical experimental conditions, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol) and initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) were calculated to be lower for bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction than that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. Also during both the ion-isotopic exchange reactions, under identical experimental conditions for the two resins, the values of specific reaction rate increases with increase in ionic concentration and was observed to decrease with rise in temperature. For a constant temperature of 35.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled bromide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged increases from 67.80% to 72.76% using Purolite NRW-6000 resin and from 42.54% to 50.45% using Duolite A-143 resin. However when the temperature was raised from 30.0 °C to 45.0 °C by keeping the concentration of labeled bromide ion solution constant at 0.002 mol/L, the percentage of bromide ions exchanged decreases from 70.68 % to 67.32 % using Purolite NRW-6000 resin and from 47.50% to 42.25% using Duolite A-143 resin. From the results it appears that Purolite NRW-6000 resins show superior performance over Duolite A-143 resins under identical experimental conditions. It is expected that the present isotopic tracer technique can be applied further as an efficient nondestructive technique in characterization of various ion exchange resins so as to bring about their efficient industrial applications.

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Singare, P. U. "Radiotracer Technique in Study of Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 2013): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.18.37.

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The present paper demonstrates application of isotopic tracer technique in characterization of anion exchange resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454 for which 131I and 82Br radio isotopes were used. The characterization was made based on iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetic data obtained for the two resins. It was observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 35.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.379, 0.426, 0.161 and 16.2 respectively for Dowex-SBR LC resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.156, 0.243, 0.038 and 13.4 as that obtained by using Indion-454 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The results of present investigation also indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. Based on overall results it appears that under identical experimental conditions, as compared to Indion-454 resins, Dowex-SBR LC resins show superior performance. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application

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Singare, P. U. "Radio Analytical Nondestructive Technique in Performance Evaluation of Organic Base Ion Exchange Resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-378." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (September 2013): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.18.77.

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Nondestructive radioanalytical technique using short lived isotopes 131I and 82Br was used as tracers to study the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The kinetic data so obtained was used to evaluate the performance of organic base anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-378. It was observed that for iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 40.0 °C using 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.003 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of iodide ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of iodide ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were calculated as 0.332, 0.582, 0.193 and 16.2 respectively for Purolite NRW-6000 resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.210, 0.421, 0.088 and 14.7 as that obtained for Duolite A-378 resins. Also at a constant temperature of 40.0 °C, as the concentration of labeled iodide ion solution increases from 0.001 mol/L to 0.004 mol/L, the percentage of iodide ions exchanged increases from 74.68% to 79.48% using Purolite NRW-6000 resins and from 52.30% to 58.90% using Duolite A-378 resins. The overall results indicate superior performance of Purolite NRW-6000 resins over Duolite A-378 resins under identical operational parameters. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application.

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Singare, Pravin U. "Radioisotopic Tracer Technique for Characterization of Nuclear and Non-Nuclear Grade Ion Exchange Resins Tulsion A-23 and Indion-810." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (September 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.11.1.

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In the present paper 82Br radioactive tracer isotopes was used for characterization of nuclear and non-nuclear grade ion exchange resins Tulsion A-23 and Indion-810 respectively. The bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions were performed by equilibrating 1.000 g of conditioned resins in bromide form with labeled bromide ion solution of different concentrations ranging from 0.001 M to 0.004 M, in the temperature range of 30.0 °C to 45.0 °C. The resins were characterized by comparing the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of bromide ion exchanged (mmol) and percentage of bromide ions exchanged under identical experimental conditions. It was observed that the above values decrease with rise in temperature and increases with increase in concentration of labeled bromide ion solution. From the experimental values of specific reaction rate, amount and percentage of bromide ions exchanged, it was observed that Tulsion A-23 resins are superior to Indion-810 resins under identical experimental conditions.

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Favre-Réguillon, Alain, Branko Dunjic, Nathalie Dumont, and Marc Lemaire. "DESIGN OF ION-EXCHANGE RESINS SELECTIVE OF CAESIUM. SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF MACROCYCLE IN PHENOLIC RESINS." Separation Science and Technology 36, no. 3 (2001): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ss-100102933.

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Falco, Marisa G., Carlos D. Córdoba, María R. Capeletti, and Ulises Sedran. "Basic Ion Exchange Resins as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 132 (August 2010): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.132.220.

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Basic and acidic ion exchange resins were used as catalysts for the synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol. The impact of reaction parameters like molar methanol/oil relationship, catalyst mass and reaction temperature were studied. The catalysts did not show deactivation and the reaction medium remained neutral. The performance of the resins was compared against reference catalysts (NaOH; MgO). A strongly basic macroporous resin was the most active catalyst and it was possible to reach 100 % selectivity to methyl esters. A series reaction mechanism was consistent with the evolutions of the intermediate reaction products.

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Zhu, Zhi-ping, Xue-ying Tang, Zhao-hui Yin, and Wei-wei Yu. "Sulfate ion (SO42−) release from old and new cation exchange resins used in condensate polishing systems for power plants." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 7 (2014): 1188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.342.

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In this study, a dynamic cycle test, a static immersion method and a pyrolysis experiment were combined to examine the characteristics of SO42− released from several new and old cation exchange resins used in condensate polishing systems for power plants. The results show that the quantity and velocity of SO42− released from new and old resins tend to balance in a short time during the dynamic cycle experiment. SO42− is released by 1500H (monosphere super gel type cation exchange resins) and 001 × 7 (gel type cation exchange resins) new and old cation exchange resins, the quantity of which increases according to immersion time. In the pyrolysis experiment, the quantity of SO42− released from resins increases and the pH of the pyrolysis solution transforms from alkaline to acidic with an increase in temperature.

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Huang, Lingli, Ruigang Hou, Yujian Liu, and Qidong Shang. "Effects of mixed acid solution on bromide epoxy vinyl ester and its glass fiber reinforced composites." Materials Testing 63, no. 3 (2021): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0031.

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Abstract As fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) have been increasingly widely used, they may sometimes come into contact with several corrosive media simultaneously, for example, the condensate in the smokestack liners of coal-fired power FGD systems. To study the long-term performance and degradation mechanism of FRP in these complicated environments, an accelerated aging test of bromide epoxy vinyl ester (Br-VE) and its glass fiber reinforced composites (GF/VE) in a mixed acid solution(H2SO4, HNO3, HF and HCl) at three different temperatures(25, 55 and 80 °C) for 180 days was carried out. Weight changes, flexural properties, Fourier transforming infrared spectra (FTIR), dynamic thermal mechanical (DMA), macroscopic and microscopic morphology were investigated. Results showed that immersion temperature has important effects on the corrosion behavior of specimens. The long-term weight change behavior of GF/VE at normal temperature was in accordance with Fick’s second law, but deviated at higher temperature. Flexural properties of GF/VE declined more drastically than those of Br-VE at elevated temperatures. The Tg of GF/VE decreased with rising temperatures. Results also indicted that Br-VE and GF/VE manifested varied degradation mechanisms when subject to the same mixed acid medium immersion. The degradation of GF/VE mainly involved plasticization, embrittlement, the hydrolysis of resin, an ion exchange between HF, H+ and Si-O-Si or alkali metal of the fiber as well as the debonding of the resin/fiber interface.

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Zich, Ladislav, and Natália Václavíková. "Characterization of Ion Exchange Material Behavior under Pressure Simulating Electro-Membrane Cell Conditions." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 62, no. 2 (2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.11430.

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Goal of this work was to measure dimensional changes of ion-exchange membranes and resins used in electrodialysis (ED) or electrodeionization (EDI) devices under the applied pressure and temperatures up to 60 °C in order to describe their behavior in real conditions of these processes. Regarding ion exchange resins, measurements of their compressibility were carried out with samples of gel strongly basic and strongly acidic pure resins, their mixture and macroporous strongly acidic resin. In case of ion exchange membranes, their thickness changes under the influence of pressure and temperature were measured and long-term experiments were performed with the maximal applied pressure. To obtain a complete view, ED spacer frame foil properties were also examined in long-term experiments. For each experiment, the unique work methodology and measurement apparatus was proposed. It was found that each resin exhibited specific behavior under applied pressure and temperature. Furthermore, the important impact of temperature changes on ion exchange membranes and ED spacer foils was observed, and then, it was examined under the conditions of pressure load similar to that in real ED device. This work confirms that the research of mechanical properties of ion exchange materials has a great importance, mainly if it simulates real conditions in industrial ED and EDI modules. It can help in designing new or improved module components taking into account expected temperature or pressure changes of ion exchange materials.

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Watanabe, Tsutomu, and Masaaki Kubota. "Electrostatic effect of streaming potential on ion-exchange phenomena in resins for ion chromatography." Analytica Chimica Acta 228 (1990): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80479-1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ion exchange resins – Effect of temperature on'

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