Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ion interferometer / Dissertations / Theses
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ion interferometer'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Erickson, Christopher Joseph. "Development of a Strontium-87 Ion Interferometer." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2750.

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I present the construction of a low-velocity intense source (LVIS) of laser-cooled neutral strontium using permanent ring magnets. The LVIS consists of a magneto-optical trap from which cold strontium is extracted in a well-collimated beam. I also present the development and implementation of a full suite of low-noise, high-bandwidth laser control electronics including a microcontroller unit. This microcontroller remotely controls and monitors the current driver, temperature controller, and PID lock circuit for each diode laser simultaneously. The current driver output is accurate to within 2 micro-amps and repeatable to with a few nano-amps. The noise spectral density of the current driver hits a floor of 10^(-10) amps per root Hz at ~50 Hz and has a modulation bandwidth of ~50 MHz. The PID lock-circuit includes a scan-balancing option that we have used to scan an AR coated laser diode ~30 GHz mode-hop free. I describe the construction of an 80 mW frequency doubled 461 nm laser system using PPKTP for cooling and trapping neutral strontium in the LVIS. The LVIS, the electronics systems, and the 461 nm laser system represent major milestones on the way to producing a matter-wave interferometer using Sr-87 ions. The interferometer is based on an optical Raman transition between the hyperfine ground states of the Sr-87 ion. The ions will be produced by exciting the strontium LVIS beam to an auto-ionizing state in the continuum. In the interferometer two half-pi pulses of light and one pi pulse will be delivered to the ions to split and recombine their wave functions. I present calculations of the predicted sensitivity and a discussion of the possible applications. I present a method for locking a 407.8 nm laser to the 5s doublet S J=1/2 to 5p doublet P J=3/2 strontium ion transition in a neutral vapor. I present calculations for the necessary vacuum levels for the experiment and describe the preparation and assembly of the vacuum apparatus. The major vacuum system consists of two connected elastomer sealed chambers: one at 10^(-7) Torr and the other at 10^(-10) Torr separated by a region of low conductance. I present a Sr vapor cell constructed from standard CF fittings that allows the strontium to be heated to ~730 C, which can also be run as a thermal beam. I present a method for protecting the viewports on small-form alkali-earth vapor cells using lead or indium foil during the evaporation of oxide layers. Finally, I report on the current status of the experiment as well as detail future work on the apparatus.
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2

Oklur, Ibrahim. "Waveguide and optical studies of insulators using ion implantation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388969.

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3

Yang, Ruidong. "Studies on Molecular and Ion Transport in Silicalite Membranes andApplications as Ion Separator for Redox Flow Battery." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406820402.

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4

Archibald, Lawrence. "Construction of a 408 nm Laser System for Use in Ion Interferometry." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5622.

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This work reports on the construction of a 408 nm laser system designed to drive stimulated Raman transitions between the F = 4 and F = 5 2 S 1/2 states of 87 Sr + using the 2 P 3/2 state as the intermediate state. This laser system will be used as part of a 87 Sr + ion interferometer. This work also includes a discussion of relevant theory describing the interaction of the ions and laser, along with a calculation of the transition rates as a function of laser power and detuning.
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5

Maňka, Tadeáš. "Konstrukce odměřovacího systému pro systém reaktivního iontového leptání." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254215.

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The aim of this work is to design fully working measuring system for the reactive ion etching system (RIE). The Michelson interfometer, previously developed in Ústav přístrojové techniky, v.v.i., is used in this work. The theoretical part is aimed at description of interferometric methods for precise measuring of length. In next part the etching proces with RIE is described. In practical part the testing system was constructed from the parts of Thorlabs company . The functionality was controlled with this system and the results of measuring were compared with the profilometer. In next step technical drawings were created and the whole system was made.
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6

Teale, Carson(Carson Arthur). "In-situ depth monitoring for a deep reactive ion etcher using a white light interferometer with active vibration cancellation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121726.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-121).
Standard process development for micro and nanofabrication etching technologies relies on open-loop trial and error testing of recipes to achieve optimal etch depths and uniformities. This strategy is inefficient for research and fabrication of novel devices where one-of-a-kind experiments cannot justify lengthy process development times. This thesis describes the development of an in-situ depth measurement device for real-time feedback of etch depth and uniformity. This device will help facilitate far shorter process development times, potentially enabling the desired etch to be achieved on the first process run. The depth imager consists of a wide-field, white light interferometer with a 12" working distance, capable of imaging across a 1/2" field of view. Active feedback from a co-propagating laser interferometer is used to stabilize the system against vibrations through a feedback loop that controls the position of the reference mirror using a piezo actuator. This scheme ties the accuracy of the white light depth scan to the stability of the laser wavelength, allowing for accurate step sizes without the need for an expensive scanning stage. The well defined sampling period allows for the phase sensitive detection of the white light interference signal, reducing amplitude fluctuations from plasma emissions. This design is able to image deep trenches with optically rough surfaces, etched directly into a silicon substrate with aspect ratios of 10 or more. The device is demonstrated on a custom built deep reactive ion etcher (DRIE), achieving a depth resolution of better than 1 [mu]m in the presence of large vibrations.
by Carson Teale.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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7

Helke, Christian. "Herstellung von neuartigen Reflektorsystemen und Erarbeitung einer systembezogenen Integrationstechnologie für VIS und IR Fabry-Pérot Interferometer." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33494.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Entwicklung und Herstellung von Fabry-Pérot Interferometern (FPI) für die spektrale Analyse von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten. Die FPI werden miniaturisiert mittels Siliziumtechnologie hergestellt und ermöglichen kleine Mikrospektrometer mit hohem Auflösungsvermögen. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht Technologie- und Herstellungskonzepte für den sichtbaren (VIS) und infraroten (IR) Spektralbereich mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Reflektorkonzepten. Im VIS-Spektralbereich erfolgt neben der Entwicklung von Bragg-Reflektoren auch die Betrachtung von strukturierten, dielektrischen Membrangittern und strukturierten Metallgittern auf dielektrischen Membranen für eine Einsatzmöglichkeit im FPI. Dabei wird ebenfalls die Entwicklung einer Herstellungs- und Strukturierungstechnologie für hochbrechendes Titandioxid durchgeführt, um einen Bragg-Reflektor mit höheren Brechzahlkontrast zu realisieren. Im IR-Spektralbereich stellen drei Bragg-Reflektorvarianten aus polykristallinem Silizium und Luft den Inhalt dieser Dissertation dar. Die hergestellten Reflektoren werden hinsichtlich ihrer Funktion messtechnisch charakterisiert und die Strukturintegration in einem FPI und Etalon anhand von ausgewählten Reflektoren vorgestellt.
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8

Kuhlman, Anthony Joseph. "The beginning and end of relativistic heavy ion collisions using uranium beams and Bose-Einstein correlations as probes of the collision fireball /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1185456181.

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9

Huda, Md Nurul. "3D Simulator for Wind Interferometer Data-Model Comparison." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95017.

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The connection between earth and space weather has numerous impacts on spacecraft, radio communications and GPS signals. Thus, predicted & modeling this region is important, yet models (both empirical and first principles) do a poor job of characterizing the variability of this region. One of the main objectives of the NASA ICON mission is to measure the variability of the ionosphere and thermosphere at low-mid latitudes. The MIGHTI instrument on ICON is a Doppler Interferometer that measures the horizontal wind speed and direction with 2 discrete MIGHTI units, separated by 90˚, mounted on the ICON Payload Interface Plate. This work focuses on building a simulation of wind interferometer data, similar to MIGHTI, using a first-principles model as the input dataset, which will be used for early validation and comparison to the MIGHTI data. Using a ray-tracing approach, parameters like O, O2, O+, O2+, T, wind, solar F10.7 index will be read for every point along every ray from the model and brightness and Line of Sight (LOS) wind will be calculated as functions of altitude and time. These data will be compared to the MIGHTI observations to both to establish the limitation of such models, and to validate the ICON data. ICON will help determine the physics of our space environment and pave the way for mitigating its effects on our technology, communications systems and society. However, ICON is yet to launch and due to the unavailability of MIGHTI data, we have selected another instrument called WINDII (Wind Imaging Interferometer) from a different mission UARS (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite) to demonstrate the utility of this data-model comparison. Similar to MIGHTI, WINDII measures Doppler shifts from a suite of visible region airglow and measures zonal and meridian winds, temperature, and VER (Volume Emission rate) in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (80 to 300 km) from observations of the Earth's airglow. We will use a similar approach discussed for MIGHTI to calculate vertical profile of Redline airglow, Wind velocity, emission rate and compare them with our simulated results to validate our algorithm. We initially thought asymmetry calculation along the Line of Sight (LOS) would be the limiting factor. We believe there are other things going on such as variability in the winds associated with natural fluctuations in the thermosphere, atmospheric waves, inputs from the sun and the atmosphere below etc., appear to be bigger factor than just asymmetry along the line of sight.
The upper Earth atmosphere host’s most of the valuable spacecraft’s and almost all the communication signals go through this portion of the atmosphere. Yet we do not understand what causes variation in the upper atmosphere. In order to answer what’s causing these changes and to understand this complicated region, NASA has developed the ICON mission. ICON we will mainly study the Ionosphere ranging from 90 to 450 km above the earth surface. In this study have developed a tool able to simulate thermospheric wind profiles, O, O2, O+, O2+ densities, Volume emission rate (VER) of green and red line airglow from measurements on the NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission from an instrument on board called MIGHTI. However, ICON is yet to launch so do not have MIGHTI to test our algorithm. We chose an instrument which is similar to MIGHTI called Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII), from a different mission called Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) to test our algorithm. We initially thought asymmetry calculation along the Line of Sight (LOS) would be the limiting factor. We believe there are other things going on such as variability in the winds associated with natural fluctuations in the thermosphere, atmospheric waves, inputs from the sun and the atmosphere below etc., appear to be bigger factor than just asymmetry along the line of sight.
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10

Willson, Robert Michael. "Three-Pion HBT Interferometry at the STAR Experiment." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1023416690.

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11

AUTIER, PHILIPPE. "Gravure ionique reactive des semiconducteurs iii-v avec controle in situ par interferometrie laser : applications a l'optique integree." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066018.

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Cette these est une contribution a l'etude de la gravure ionique reactive (rie) des semiconducteurs iii-v en plasmas chlores cl#2/ch#4/h#2/ar. Une analyse in situ de la surface gravee a ete mise en uvre par une methode d'interferometrie laser sur des motifs de test constitues de reseaux. Les parametres caracteristiques de la surface gravee sont alors accessibles en temps reel. La rie offre un outil pour les applications a l'optique integree: realisation de dispositifs passifs (guides a faibles pertes, miroirs ou virages) et de dispositifs actifs (commutateurs, modulateurs, detecteurs, etc. ). La precision apportee par le systeme d'interferometrie laser donne un meilleur controle du confinement lateral: c'est un avantage pour realiser des structures qui font intervenir des phenomenes de conversion de modes ou de couplage par ondes evanescentes
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12

Buxton, Jesse Thomas. "ΛK and Ξ−K± Femtoscopy in Pb-Pb Collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV from the LHC ALICE Collaboration." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555596225005443.

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13

Bunkowski, Alexander. "Laser interferometry with gratings." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=984692312.

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14

Joshi, Pratik Prasad. "Ion-neutral coupling in the geomagnetically disturbed mid-latitude ionosphere as observed by SuperDARN HF radars and NATION Fabry-Perot Interferometers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56561.

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The earth's ionosphere-thermosphere region is a coupled environment which is governed by interactions between the overlapping neutral constituents and ionospheric plasma. The mid-latitude thermosphere-ionosphere system is very complex owing to its sensitivity to both the polar and equatorial processes. The mid-latitudes is also a relatively unexplored and less understood region primarily due to the paucity of observing instruments that have traditionally been available. However, the past 9 years of mid-latitude expansion of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) has provided new access to continuous large-scale observations of the sub-auroral ionosphere. On the other hand, the past 3 years of mid-latitude expansion of the North American Thermosphere Ionosphere Observation Network (NATION) Fabry-Perot interferometer array, has created a critical resource for measuring the thermospheric neutral winds. The overlap of these two observing networks in the mid-east North American sector has resulted in a strong ground-based large-scale platform for co-located study of mid-latitude thermosphere-ionosphere dynamics for the first time. The coupling between ions and neutrals is a very important process for controlling the thermospheric dynamics. Ion-neutral coupling at high latitudes has been studied in many previous papers, but there have been very few studies focused on the mid-latitude region. Hence, in this work we have studied the ion-neutral coupling mechanisms and timescales at mid-latitudes during disturbed geomagnetic conditions by using the co-located observations from the SuperDARN-NATION array. The study has focused on the main phase as well as the late recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm which occurred on October 2-3, 2013. Ion drag is known to drive the neutral circulation during the main phase of storm at auroral latitudes, while the neutral wind disturbance dynamo mechanism is known to generate ionospheric electric fields and currents during the recovery phase. By using the methods of ion-neutral momentum exchange theory and time lagged correlation analysis, we analyzed the timescales at which the ion-neutral coupling operates. The ions are observed to drive the neutral winds on a timescale of ~ 84 minutes in the storm main phase which is significantly faster than expected from the driving due to local ion-drag alone (~ 124 minutes). This suggests that along with ion-drag, other local and non-local storm-time influences like Joule heating are also playing an important part in driving the neutral winds. On the other hand, in the late recovery phase, the neutral winds are found to be strongly coupled with the ions and maintain the ion convection without any significant time delay which is consistent with effect of the 'disturbance dynamo' or 'neutral-flywheel' persisting well into the late recovery phase. The timescales and underlying physics understood through this work serve as an important contribution to our knowledge of ion-neutral coupling processes at the middle latitudes. Looking forward, the expansion of co-located SuperDARN-NATION coverage at mid-latitudes, and developments in the tools of large-scale visualization through FPI wind field mapping and SuperDARN convection maps, has created a very strong basis for using the results and analysis tools developed in this work for large-scale ion-neutral coupling characterization in future.
Master of Science
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15

Harder, Irina. "Laterales DUV-shearing-Interferometer mit reduzierter zeitlicher und räumlicher Kohärenz." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985093900.

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16

Schuller, Peter. "Calibration of MIDI, the mid-infrared interferometer for the VLTI." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965507084.

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17

Anson, Christopher Daniel. "Energy dependent Hanbury Brown - Twiss interferometry and the freeze-out eccentricity of heavy ion collisions at STAR." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1387753475.

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18

Bosbach, Christof. "Miniaturisiertes Weißlicht-Interferometer mit hoher Messfrequenz für die absolute Abstandsmessung." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967927714.

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19

Wells, Randall C. "Azimuthal Dependence of Pion Interferometry in Au+Au Collisions at a Center of Mass Energy of 130AGeV." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1038954208.

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20

López, Noriega Mercedes. "Pion interferometry in AuAu collisions at a center of mass energy per nucleon of 200 GeV." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1092077196.

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21

Schulte, Marius [Verfasser]. "Entanglement in Ramsey interferometry, optical atomic clocks and trapped ions / Marius Schulte." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1226286194/34.

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22

De, Kock Michiel Burger. "Gaussian and non-Gaussian-based Gram-Charlier and Edgeworth expansions for correlations of identical particles in HBT interferometry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3124.

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Thesis (MSc (Physics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry is a correlation technique by which the size and shape of the emission function of identical particles created during collisions of high-energy leptons, hadrons or nuclei can be determined. Accurate experimental datasets of three-dimensional correlation functions in momentum space now exist; these are sometimes almost Gaussian in form, but may also show strong deviations from Gaussian shapes. We investigate the suitability of expressing these correlation functions in terms of statistical quantities beyond the normal Gaussian description. Beyond means and the covariance matrix, higher-order moments and cumulants describe the form and di erence between the measured correlation function and a Gaussian distribution. The corresponding series expansion is the Gram- Charlier series and in particular the Gram-Charlier Type A expansion found in the literature, which is based on a Gaussian reference distribution. We investigate both the Gram-Charlier Type A series as well as generalised forms based on non-Gaussian reference distributions, as well as the related Edgeworth expansion. For testing purposes, experimental data is initially represented by a suite of one-dimensional analytic non-Gaussian distributions. We conclude that the accuracy of these expansions can be improved dramatically through a better choice of reference distribution, suggested by the sign and size of the kurtosis of the experimental distribution. We further extend our investigation to simulated samples of such test distributions and simplify the theoretical expressions for unbiased estimators (k-statistics) for the case of symmetric distributions.
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23

Plumberg, Christopher. "Event-by-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and their consequences for azimuthally sensitive Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1468503395.

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24

Chen, Chao-Jung. "Development of a traceable atomic force microscope with interferometer and compensation flexure stage." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974924520.

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25

Baltrusch, Jens Domagoj [Verfasser], and Giovanna [Akademischer Betreuer] Morigi. "Quenches across structural transitions in ion Coulomb crystals: dynamics of ion Coulomb crystals in state-dependent potentials and their characterization by Ramsey interferometry. / Jens Domagoj Baltrusch ; Betreuer: Giovanna Morigi." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113660801X/34.

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26

Harms, Jan. "The detection of gravitational waves data analysis and interferometry /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982468342.

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Grote, Hartmut. "Making it work second generation interferometry in GEO 600! /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970638590.

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Temnov, Vasily V. "Ultrafast laser induced phenomena in solids studied by time resolved interferometry." kostenfrei, 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972539050.

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29

Alberga, Vito. "Comparison of polarimetric methods in image classification and SAR interferometry applications." Köln : DLR, 2003. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972665609.

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30

Kraus, Stefan. "Infrared spectro-interferometry of massive stars disks, winds, outflows, and stellar multiplicity /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985576529.

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31

Gastinger, Kay. "Low coherence speckle interferometry (LCSI) for the characterisation of adhesive bonded joints." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=983586187.

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32

Eckert, Kai. "Trapped single atoms and atomic ensembles quantum computation, coherent manipulation and interferometry /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976146452.

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33

Kuhlman, Anthony Joseph Jr. "The beginning and end of heavy ion collisions: using uranium beams and Bose-Einstein correlations as probes of the collision fireball." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1185456181.

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34

Zimmer, Frank E. "Matter-wave optics of dark-state polaritons applications to interferometry and quantum information /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982522533.

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35

Pargmann, Carsten. "Electron density measurements in reactive low-temperature plasmas by far-infrared laser interferometry." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98063587X.

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36

Freise, Andreas. "The next generation of interferometry multi-frequency optical modelling, control concepts and implementation /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968471307.

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Santoro, Maurizio. "Estimation of biophysical parameters in boreal forests from ERS and JERS SAR interferometry." Göteborg : Dep. of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, 2003. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969498845.

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38

Doyle, Liam A. "Density mapping of species in low temperature laser-produced plasmas." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287439.

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39

Creux, Amélie. "Micro-capteur à base d'un spectromètre de Fourier en optique intégrée sur verre." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT099.

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La spectrométrie est une méthode d'analyse permerttant d'avoir accès à la composition et à la strucuture de la matière. Les spectromètres étant utilisés dans de nombreux domaines , beaucoup de développements sont réalisés afin de les rendre plus compacts pour des raisons de place et de mobilité. Cette thèse présente la réalisation et la caractérisation d'un spectromètre de Fourier en optique intégrée sur verre appelé LLIFTS (Leaky Loop Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer). Il utilise le couplage d'un guide plan avec un guide courbe à fuite pour créer un interférogramme de Fourier. Des caractérisations dans le proche infrarouge et dans le domaine du visible ont permis de mesurer une résolution spectrale de 7nm (R=221) entre 1500nm et 1600nm et de 3nm (R=260) à 4nm (R=221) entre 700nm et 900nm. Le LLIFTS permet donc d'obtenir des résolutions spectrales équivalentes aus autres spectromètres compacts existants mais avec l'avantage d'être facilement réalisable. L'accès à l'interférogrmme de Fourier permet aussi de détecter des variations de phase entre deux ondes. Ce qui permet d'utiliser le LLIFTS dans des applications comme la tomographie optique cohérente (OCT). Des premières mesures de déphasage sont présentées dans cette thèse
Spectrometry is an analytical method to access the composition and structure of the matter. Spectrometers are used in many fields. For reasons of space and mobility, many development are made to decrease the size of these spectrometers. This thesis presents the realization and characterization of a Fourier spectrometer in glass integrated optics called LLIFTS (Leaky Loop Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer). It uses the coupling of a plane waveguide with a bend waveguide to obtain a Fourier interferogram. Characterizations in the near infrared and visible domain were made. A spectral resolution of 7 nm (R = 221) between 1500nm and 1600nm and 3 (R = 260) 4 nm (R = 221) between 700nm and 900nm is obtained. The Fourier spectrometer developed in this thesis allows to obtain spectral resolution equivalent to other existing compact spectrometers but with an easier realisation. The measurement of the Fourier interferogram allows to detect phase changes between the two waves. So the LLIFTS can be used for applications such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). The first measurements of phase shift are presented in this thesis
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40

Manekiya, Mohammedhusen Hanifbhai. "Microwave and RF system for Industrial and Biomedical Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/306624.

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Modern smartphone technology has created a myriad of opportunities in the field of RF and Microwave. Specifically, Chipless RFID sensor, compact microwave filter, antenna based on a microstrip structure, and many more. In this thesis, innovative ideas for the industrial and biomedical device has been explored. The work presents the reconfigurable filter design, Switch-beam antenna, Microwave interferometer, X-band Rotman Lens antenna, Ultra-wideband antenna based on SIW resonator, L-band Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave antenna, development of a wireless sensor system for environmental monitoring, Indoor Air Quality monitoring, and Wildfire Monitoring based on the modulated scattering technique (MST). The MST sensor probes are based on the scattering properties of small passive antennas and radiate part of the impinging electromagnetic field generated by an interrogating antenna, which also acquires the backscattered signal as information. The MST probes are able to deliver data without a radio frequency front end. They use a simple circuit that alternatively terminates the antenna probe on suitable loads to generate a low modulation signal on the backscattered electromagnetic wave. The antenna presented in this work has been designed in ADS Software by Keysight Technologies. The designed antenna has been assessed numerically and experimentally. The experimental measurement data demonstrate the effectiveness of the individual system. Simultaneously, the MST sensor system has been proposed to obtain the best performance in communication range, load efficiency, and power harvesting. The MST sensor has been fabricated and assessed in practical scenarios. The proposed prototype, able to provide a communication range of about 15 m, serves as a proof-of-concept. The acquired measurements of MST demonstrate the accuracy of the data without radio frequency front end or bulky wired connection with the same efficiency of standard wireless sensors such as radio frequency identifier (RFID) or wireless sensor networks (WSN).
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41

Coffey, Paul David. "Interfacial measurements of colloidal and bio-colloidal systems in real-time." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interfacial-measurements-of-colloidal-and-biocolloidal-systems-in-realtime(8be29df9-3730-467a-b45d-d46acadd2207).html.

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As advances in thin films are made there is a parallel requirement to develop equipment capable of measuring their properties accurately and consistently. In addition there is a need to understand the parameters that are measured. Typical DPI measurements allow both the refractive index (related to density) and the thickness of the adsorbed layer to be calculated with relatively few assumptions, to a very high precision in real time. This thesis presents the research undertaken to develop multiple path length dual polarisation interferometry (MPL-DPI) and absorption enhanced dual polarisation interferometry (AE-DPI). In addition research is presented that can be used to improve the interpretation of the measured parameters for inhomogeneous films and uniaxial films. The new Interferometric technique MPL-DPI allows the thickness and refractive index of in situ and ex-situ coated ultra-thin films to be measured. The procedures and the mathematics required to calculate the properties of films have been described and the technique verified. The technique was demonstrated using films of PMMA, where good agreement was found with complementary techniques. Furthermore, some key features of MPL-DPI were demonstrated using the measurements of interfacially grafted acrylic acid. The absorption enhanced DPI uses the attenuation of the light within the waveguide, due to the light absorbing properties of a film on its surface. As the composition of a film changed, it was shown that the refractive index and extinction coefficients could be used to separate the mass of the components of the film that absorbed light, from the components of the film that did not. With the use of a semi-uniaxial model, the extra data from the attenuation in two polarisations was used to fit the extraordinary and ordinary extinction coefficients. The extraordinary and ordinary extinction coefficients were used to demonstrate that molecular orientation could be implied. The influence that an inhomogeneous film has on the measured thickness, refractive index and extinction coefficient fitted by homogeneous models were investigated. Formulas are presented to explain the thickness, refractive index and extinction coefficient of the measured film. A formula for the total mass per unit area that uses the refractive index was created to account for films that contain molecules of different refractive index increments (dn/dc's). To separate the mass of the individual molecular species from the total mass per unit area, formulas that use the extinction coefficient were derived so molecules that absorb light could be separated from those that do not. The mass calculated from the refractive index and the mass calculated from the extinction coefficient were also examined for uniaxial films. For uniaxial films both measures of the adsorbed mass were found to be relatively accurate and benefited from a partial cancellation of errors. The accuracy of the measurements made by dual polarisation interferometry technology is systematically examined throughout this thesis. Improvements in the calibration routines are suggested and a procedure for the identification and reduction of errors in the phase and contrast is demonstrated.
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42

Syu, Wei-kai, and 徐偉凱. "Characteristics of optical interferometer for chloride ion detection and engineering material application." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16338270114990647442.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
100
The detection of chloride ion is of great interest in a variety of industrial applications, including civil and environmental monitoring, as well as soil and geotechnical engineering. In particular, the salt damage of concrete structure due to the corrosion of reinforced bars in marine environment is normally caused by the penetration of chloride ion into concrete. This study used homemade optical fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) for chloride ion measurement, including the different chloride ion concentration measurements using the aqueous samples of sea sand immersed in reverse osmosis water, the aqueous samples of seawater, the chloride sodium solutions, and the aqueous samples of coarse and fine aggregates immersed in reverse osmosis water. This optical fiber MZIs have been evaluated with statistic parameter, R-square, and the fringe period parameter, Df, to ensure the properties of MZIs. Based on the experimental findings, MZIs could detect high concentration chloride ion content when sodium chloride concentrations were in the range of 5-25% and the corresponding wavelength shifts were among the 3.8 nm and 6.5 nm. When the seawater concentrations were in the range of 2-100%, the wavelength shifts were among 2.7 nm and 3.2 nm. The transmission loss became greater as the chloride ion concentration increased.
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43

Luo, Ching-Ying, and 羅晴瀠. "Application and evaluation of optical fiber interferometer oncalcium ion and aggregate measurement." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50668853091017253337.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
100
This study conducted on the development and application of measuring calcium ions, (Ca2+) and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] concentrations using the homemade optical fiber interferometer sensors. The 31-day measurement experiment included the different calcium ion concentration measurements using the aqueous samples of calcium hydroxide mixed in reverse osmosis water, the aqueous samples of coarse and fine aggregates, with and without hydrated lime treatment, immersed in reverse osmosis water. The sensing principle is based on that as the surrounding or the external refractive index changes, the wavelength shift or fringe period of the MZI varies. This optical fiber MZIs have been evaluated with statistic parameter, R-square, and the fringe period parameter, Dm, to ensure the properties of MZIs. The average fringe periods of the homemade MZIs have been ensured to be inversely proportional to the sensing length. The 2-cm or 3-cm sensing lengths were easily performed to achieve the requirements of MZIs. When calcium hydroxide concentration was 0.5%, the fringe period and wavelength shift changes more than other calcium hydroxide concentrations. The 10-day aqueous samples of coarse aggregate had more wavelength shifts than others also without hydrated lime treatment. The 10-day and 16-day aqueous samples of fine aggregate had more wavelength shifts than others also without hydrated lime treatment. The 26-day aqueous samples of both coarse and fine aggregates had more wavelength shifts than others also with hydrated lime treatment. Thus, the homemade MZIs have the potential for the sensing application of civil engineering with aqueous calcium ions and calcium hydroxide concentrations solutions.
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44

Chung-JenMa and 馬崇仁. "Tunable Thermo-Optical Mach-Zehnder Waveguide Interferometer Fabricated in Glass by Ion-Exchange Method." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45066154580923300515.

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碩士
國立成功大學
微電子工程研究所碩博士班
98
In this thesis, ion-exchange technology has been successfully used to realize dependable and low-cost optical waveguide devices in silicate glass such as N-BK7. First, the planar waveguides were fabricated via Ag+-Na+ ion-exchange in silicate glass. The effects of the silver ion diffusion in this glass matrix has been evaluated to determine the silver and sodium ion diffusion coefficients as well as the value of the maximum refractive index change. With these data obtained, Mach-Zehnder interferometers based on Y-junction waveguides operating at λ=1550nm were fabricated by the wet ion-exchange using AgNO3:NaNO3 molten salt with the mole ratio of 0.04 to 1 maintained at a temperature of 360℃. To evaluate these devices, the thermo-optical effect was applied to the active region via heating electrode located near one of the two Mach-Zehnder arms. Based on the measurement results obtained, the input power and the temperature change observed at the maximum signal attenuation were 80 mW and 5℃, respectively. reached via heating electrodes on the side of the Mach–Zehnder arms.
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45

Liao, Jia-Sheng, and 廖家聖. "Multimode Interference (MMI) Based Mach-Zehnder Waveguide Interferometer Fabricated in Glass by Ion-Exchange Method." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50231149293478101633.

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碩士
國立成功大學
微電子工程研究所碩博士班
97
In this master thesis, we have successfully fabricated reproducible and low-cost optical waveguide devices in glass such as N-BK7 by ion-exchange technique. The concept of implementing buried waveguides as components of integrated optics devices is first pursued with a goal of minimizing the propagation loss. The entire process is assisted by applying the electric field to bury the waveguides 10μm into the glass substrate. Afterward, novel 1x2 MMI devices by cascading a multiple number of MMI stages are designed and built via the molten salt ion-exchange method. The composition of the melt solution is made up of AgNO3 and NaNO3 with the ratio of 0.02 to 1. One of the most important reasons to adopt the cascade structure is that the overall MMI length (L) of cascade structure could be made shorter compared to the conventional 1 x 2 MMI, with an extent of 50% shorter. Finally, two different designs of MMI waveguides are incorporated as components of the MMI-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulators. Our measurement result will show that the MMI-MZI modulators with cascaded MMI stages do have lower modulation voltages or Vπ×L; one of key figures of merit demonstrating the fabricated devices with comparably lower power consumption. Furthermore, the cascaded structure also has better electric characteristic compared to that of the original structure. Based on the measurement results obtained, the normalized optical power decays down to 0 once the Vπ is attained, which could be predicted beforehand by simulation. In addition, the original and cascaded MMI-MZI structures both deliver power attenuation close to 20dB. Among the devices studied, the highest attenuation could reach up to 31dB, which is highly beneficial for their functional role as variable attenuators.
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46

Jheng, Yu-Shun, and 鄭育舜. "Detection of chloride ions and sodium chloride solutions using microchip-based fiber-optic interferometer." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04426567125420601151.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
101
If the building containing excess of chloride ions can cause corrosion of steels, concrete spalling, so the detection of chloride ion content of the primary things. This study consists of optical sensing, electrochemical experiments and the measuremeats of the refractive index for different solution (with different concentration of sodium chloride, seawater, sea sand soaked in RO Water, coarse and fine aggregate soaked in RO water). Optical experiments using the system using home-made fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometers as sensors and they were combined with microfluidic chips to become the microfluidic interferometers, the chips had two generations : generations 1 and 2. The interferometer was used as a sensor, and packaged with the tw-generations chips to perform the different chloride solution sensing the chip 1 and 2. Electrochemical experiments using Vernier ISE sensors were performed to detect chloride solutions. Refractive index experiments were the measurements of the refractive index of the different solutions. The seawater and sea sand soaked in RO water testing results showed that the wavelength shift and transmission loss did not significantly change as the chloride concentration increased. The findings of sodium chloride solutions shows that as the concentration increased the wavelength shift increased. But vernier chloride ion sensor measurement values with the concentration increases. The refractive index values of sodium chloride solution concentration 0.25% -25% were in the range of 1.333 -1.366, but those value’s sea sand soaked in RO water, seawater at low concentrations 0.025% -0.1% measured were about 1.332.
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47

Shen, Ping-Li, and 沈秉立. "Microchip-based fiber-optic interferometer sensor for the detection of calcium ions and calcium hydroxide solutions." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61611621996190718453.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
101
In this study, microfluidic chips and homemade Mach - Zander interferometers (Mach-Zehnder interferometer, referred MZI) were fabricated calcium ion and the ISE calcium ions sensor was used for measuring the calcium ion concentration of different calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] solutions and they were also added to the coarse and fine aggregates, and the refractive index of each solution was also measured. MZI interferometers were successfully fabricated with lengths 1.5 cm, 2.5 cm, 3.5 cm, 4.5 cm, and 5.5 cm. Especially for 2.5 cm, it was much more easy to achieve repeatability in production. There were two-generation microfluidic chips used in this experiment. Based on the experimental results, when calcium hydroxide solution concentration increased the transmission decreased gradually, the wavelength shifts had no significanty changes. The Vernier calcium ion sensing results showed, when calcium hydroxide concentration increased, the calcium ion concentration did not increase always. In addition, the refractive index values of calcium hydroxide solutions were measured in the range of about 1.333 to 1.335.
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48

Greifenhagen, Robert André Heinrich. "Two-Pion Intensity-Interferometry in Collisions of Au+Au at √sNN = 2.41 GeV measured with HADES." 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73715.

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In this thesis high-statistics π⁻π⁻ and π⁺π⁺ femtoscopy data are presented for Au+Au collisions at √sNN =2.4 GeV, measured with the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer HADES located at the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI.Due to space-momentum correlations the technique of intensity interferometry allows only to measure regions of homogeneity where pairs of particles with certain momentum origin. The determination of the space-time extent of the corresponding emission sources is then only possible via a comparison to models.The purpose of this thesis is to provide a multi-differential data set as input for such models and calculations, to draw conclusions from the total spatial and temporal extension of the pion emitting source. More than two billion events of the 45 % most central collisions are analysed. A complex data-driven pair cut is established to account for the close-track deficits in the non-trivial hexagonal geometry of the HADES setup. The correlation function is studied in the longitudinally co-moving system using the Bertsch-Pratt parametrisation. The region of homogeneity, parametrised as three-dimensional Gaussian distribution, is studied in dependence on pair transverse momentum, rapidity, azimuthal emission angle with respect to the event plane, collision centrality, and beam energy. For all centralities and transverse momenta, a geometrical distribution of ellipsoidal shape is found in the plane perpendicular to the beam direction with the larger extension perpendicular to the reaction plane. For large transverse momenta, the corresponding eccentricity approaches the initial eccentricity. The eccentricity is smallest for most central collisions, where the shape is almost circular.Furthermore, a tilt of the source w.r.t. the beam axis is found.The magnitude of the tilt angle of the emission ellipsoid in the reaction plane decreases with increasing centrality and increasing transverse momentum. All source radii increase with centrality, largely exhibiting a linear rise with the cubic root of the number of participants. A substantial charge-sign difference of the source radii is found, appearing most pronounced at low transverse momentum, which is addressed to the central Coulomb potential generated by the electrical charge of the participating nucleons in the collision. The extracted source parameters agree well with a smooth extrapolation of the center-of-mass energy dependence established at higher energies, extending the corresponding excitation functions down towards a very low energy.
In dieser Arbeit werden femtoskopische π⁻π⁻- und π⁺π⁺-Daten mit hoher Statistik präsentiert, welche in Kollisionen von Au+Au bei einer Schwerpunktsenergie von √sNN =2.4 GeV pro Nukleonpaar mithilfe von HADES (Zwei-Elektronen Spektrometer mit hoher Akzeptanz) am Schwerionen-Synchrotron an der GSI gemessen wurden. Aufgrund von Orts-Impuls-Korrelationen können mittels der Methode der Intensitäts-Interferometry nur Homogenitätsbereiche gemessen werden, aus welchen Teilchenpaare mit bestimmten Impuls entspringen. Die Bestimmung der raum-zeitlichen Ausdehnung der entsprechenden Emissionsquelle ist dann nur über die Hinzunahme von Modellvergleichen möglich. Die Absicht dieser Arbeit ist es, einen multi-differenziellen Daten-Satz zur Verfügung zustellen, welcher als Eingabe für solche Modelle und Rechnungen genutzt werden kann, um dann Rückschlüsse auf die absolute räumliche und zeitliche Ausdehnung der Pionen-emittierenden Quelle ziehen zu können. Mehr als zwei Milliarden Ereignisse der 45 % zentralsten Kollisionen werden analysiert. Eine komplexe Daten-basierende Paarselektion wird eingeführt, um die Verluste nah beieinander verlaufender Teilchenspuren innerhalb des nicht-trivialen hexa-geometrischen HADES-Aufbaus zu berücksichtigen. Die Korrelationsfunktion wird im longitudinal mitbewegten Inertialsystem in Bertsch-Pratt-Parametrisierung untersucht. Der als dreidimensionales Ellipsoid parametrisierte Homogenitätsbereich wird in Abhängigkeit von Transversalimpuls, azimuthalem Emissionswinkel relativ zur Reaktionsebene und Rapidität des Paares sowie Zentralität der Kollision und der Strahlenergie untersucht. In allen Zentralitäts- und Transversalimpulsbereichen wird eine geometrische Verteilung mit elliptischer Form innerhalb der auf die Strahlachse bezogenen transversalen Ebene beobachtet, wobei die größte Ausdehnung senkrecht zur Reaktionsebene zeigt. Für große Transversalimpulse stimmt die zugehörige Exzentrizität mit derjenigen der initialen Nukleonenverteilung überein. Die Exzentrizität ist am kleinsten für die zentralsten Kollisionen, bei denen eine fast kreisrunde Form beobachtet wird. Des Weiteren ist eine Neigung der Emissionsquelle relativ zur Strahlachse feststellbar. Der Wert des Neigungswinkels des Ellipsoids innerhalb der Reaktionsebene verringert sich mit zunehmend zentraleren Kollisionen und steigendem Transversalimpuls. Alle Quellradien werden größer mit zunehmender Zentralität und zeigen einen nahezu linearen Anstieg mit der Kubikwurzel der Anzahl der Partizipanten. Ein beträchtlicher Unterschied der Quellradien bezogen auf das Ladungsvorzeichen der Pionen wird beobachtet, welcher am prägnantesten bei kleinen Transversalim\-pulsen auftritt. Dieser wird dem zentralem Coulomb-Potential zugeschrieben, welches durch die elektrische Ladung der an der Kollision teilnehmenden Nukleonen generiert wird. Die extrahierten Quellparameter stimmen gut mit glatten Extrapolationen der Schwerpunktsenergie-Abhängigkeit überein, welche bei höheren Strahlenergien fixiert wurden, und erweitern diese hinab bis zu sehr kleinen Energien.
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49

Wu, Rung-Shin, and 吳榮信. "Studies of conformation change for interaction of lactoferrin and ferric ions by dual polarization interferometry (DPI)." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30087184144072843044.

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碩士
淡江大學
生命科學研究所碩士班
93
In this study, we use the dual polarization interfereometry (DPI) to measure the difference of lactoferrin protein after or before treated by iron ion. The parameters of conformation change of lactoferrin, surface concentration, thickness change and density on chip can be determined by Maxwell methods. We also show the relationship of conformation change of lactoferrin proteins with the iron ion concentrations. When iron ion is dissociated from lactoferrin, conformation change of lactoferrin on DPI chip is thickness decrease and density increase, and when iron ion is associated from lactoferrin, conformation change of lactoferrin on DPI chip is thickness increase and density decrease. This results may be correlated with non-specific immobilization. When iron ion concentrations is 48.6~121.5 μM, the association between iron ion and lactoferrin will be saturated. The dynamic parameters of lactoferrin bind to iron ion can be determined by the molecule dynamic model.
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50

Liu, Meng-Wei, and 劉孟緯. "Research and Development of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance Interferometer based Integrated System: use ATP-biological linkers to detect IFN-gamma for platform verifications." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43x3a9.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
104
Tuberculosis is a highly contagious disease such that global latent patient can be as high as one third of the world population. Currently, latent tuberculosis was diagnosed by stimulating the T cells to produce the biomarker of tuberculosis, i.e., interferon-γ. In this thesis, we developed a paraboloidal mirror enabled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) interferometer that has the potential to also integrate ellipsometry, and interferometer to analyze the antibody and antigen reaction. To examine the feasibility of developing a platform for cross calibrating the performance and detection limit of various bio-detection techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method was also implemented onto a biochip that can be incorporated into this newly developed platform. The microfluidic channel of the biochip was functionalized by coating the interferon-γ antibody so as to enhance the detection specificity. To facilitate the processing steps needed for using biochip to detect various antigen of vastly different concentrations, a kinematic mount was also developed to guarantee the biochip re-positioning accuracy whenever the biochip was removed and placed back for another round of detection. Before EIS can be utilized, SPR was also adopted to observe the real-time signals on the computer in order to analyze the success of each biochip processing steps such as functionalization, wash, etc. Finally, the EIS results and the optical signals obtained from the newly developed optical detection platform was cross-calibrated. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and performance of SPR and EIS measurement done at the newly integrated platform.
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