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Journal articles on the topic 'Ion rapide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Breyer, Tobias. "Sind Lithium-Ionen-Akkus gefährlich?" Logistik für Unternehmen 33, no. 04-05 (2019): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0930-7834-2019-04-05-51.

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Energieversorgung | Die Elektromobilität hat den Anwendungsbereich von Lithium-Ionen-Akkus (Li-Ion-Akkus), die bisher vornehmlich in Smartphones, Laptops oder Digitalkameras zum Einsatz kamen, deutlich erweitert. Mit dem zunehmenden Bestand an Elektrofahrzeugen – Elektroautos, E-Scootern, E-Bikes oder auch Gartenbaugeräte – steigt auch die Zahl der eingesetzten Li-Ion-Akkus rapide. Und auch in der Logistik werden sie immer häufiger eingesetzt (Bild). Dies macht eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Sicherheit der Speichertechnologie unumgänglich.

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2

Capan, Levon, Omer Cimen, Hasan Cep, and Zerrin Oktem. "Nitruration par échange d'ions de l'acier rapide pour outils AISI M2." Matériaux & Techniques 84 (1996): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/199684060013s.

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In this study, AISI M2 high speed tool steel is austenized at 1200°C, cooled in air and then double tempered at 540°C. Hardened samples are hold at the ion nitriding furnace between 500-540°C for different times. Hardened and nitrided samples were investigated for the surface structures using X-ray, microstructure of nitride layers and the hardness measurements were done. The hardness of steel surface and diffusion depth increase due to the increasing of nitriding time.

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3

do, Dinh Vinh, Christophe Forgez, and Guy Friedrich. "Observateur d’état de charge de batterie lithium ion. Application à une charge/décharge rapide." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 15, no. 1 (February 2012): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/ejee.15.81-100.

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4

Castetbon, A., M. Corralès, M. Potin-Gauthier, and M. Astruc. "Etude cinétique de la complexation du cuivre en milieu hydrogénocarbonate par électrochimie." Revue des sciences de l'eau 4, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705098ar.

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La détermination de la capacité complexante des eaux naturelles est généralement effectuée par titrage ampérométrique du cuivre à pH fixé. Beaucoup, sinon tous les tampons classiques utilisés perturbent les études de spéciation du cuivre par formation de complexes peu stables. Dans ce travail nous nous sommes intéressés à la complexation du cuivre par les ions carbonates généralement présents dans les eaux naturelles. Afin de mener à bien notre étude, nous avons mesuré, dans un milieu synthétique de force ionique et pH contrôlés (KNO3 0,02 M + NaHCO3 2,38.10-3 M) toutes les constantes des divers équilibres prévisibles : produits de solubilité de l'hydroxyde de cuivre Cu(OH)2 et de la malachite Cu2 (OH)2 CO3, constante de formation du carbonate de cuivre dissous CuCO3. A des valeurs de pH suffisamment faibles, la formation du complexe CUOH+ peut étre négligée. Les trois autres réactions ont été suivies race aux mesures combinées, d'une part du pH et, d'autre part, de l'activité en ion Cu2+ libre ou hydraté par ionométrie. Compte tenu des propriétés acido-basiques des diverses espèces, les mesures ont été effectuées à divers pH compris entre 5,5 et 8. Le complexe CuCO30étant l'espèce majoritaire dans ces solutions, sa labilité, pouvant perturber follement les déterminations des capacités complexantes par titrage ampérométrique, a été étudiée par diverses méthodes électrochimiques. La polarographie à tension sinusoïdale surimposée (AC) a indiqué une réduction rapide du cuivre (II) sur électrode de mercure. Deux vagues ont été obtenues en voltampérométrie sur électrode tournante à disque de platine (RDE), ce dédoublement étant d'origine cinétique compte tenu de l'évolution de ces vagues avec la température. Une estimation des valeurs des constantes de vitesse de formation kf et de dissociation kb, a permis de montrer la rapidité des réactions mises en jeu et la labilité du complexe CuCO30.

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5

Kellogg, P. J., and T. S. Horbury. "Rapid density fluctuations in the solar wind." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 12 (December 23, 2005): 3765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-3765-2005.

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Abstract. Electron density fluctuations (up to 2.5 Hz) in the solar wind have been studied, using the EFW experiment on the Cluster spacecraft, which measures density through measurements of the biased probe potentials relative to the spacecraft. The density fluctuation spectra obtained from the EFW probe potential variations are compared to earlier, OGO 5, measurements of ion density fluctuations and ISEE measurements of electron density fluctuations, and are consistent with them. The electric fields corresponding to the electron density fluctuations are extremely small compared with what would be obtained if the electron fluctuations were not cancelled out by nearly equal ion density fluctuations. This is consistent with the nature of ion acoustic waves. In agreement with ISEE work, the fluctuations are proportional to the ambient density. Correlation with magnetic fluctuations is weak, essentially nonexistent during part of the period studied. This might be expected as magnetic fluctuations are known to be nearly incompressible, but even the correlation with fluctuations in the magnitude of B is very small. However, many structures which apparently are pressure balance structures are found. Pressure balance structures are the nearly perpendicular propagation limit of ion acoustic waves. As ion acoustic waves are strongly damped in plasmas like the solar wind at least if the plasma is taken as Maxwellian, it has always been a puzzle as to why they are found there. We speculate that these waves are created by mode conversion from magnetic fluctuations, and may represent part of the dissipation process for these.

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6

Wesch, W., and G. Götz. "Rapid annealing of ion-implanted GaAs." physica status solidi (a) 94, no. 2 (April 16, 1986): 745–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210940241.

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7

Usuda, Sh. "Rapid ion-exchange separations of actinides." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 123, no. 2 (August 1988): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02034922.

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8

Moffett, R. J., A. E. Ennis, G. J. Bailey, R. A. Heelis, and L. H. Brace. "Electron temperatures during rapid subauroral ion drift events." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 4 (April 30, 1998): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0450-x.

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Abstract. Examples of data from DE-2 satellite instruments are presented. These illustrate the behaviour of plasma parameters in the F-region and adjacent topside ionosphere during rapid sub-auroral ion drift (SAID) events. In particular, a variety of behaviours of the electron temperature (Te) is demonstrated, both within and equatorward of the SAID region. The Sheffield University plasmasphere-ionosphere model (SUPIM) is used to perform calculations in which a model SAID is applied to a plasma flux tube. The model results indicate that strongly elevated ion temperature (a recognised signature of SAID events) is on occasion sufficient to raise Te to observed values by ion-electron heat transfer. On other occasions, an additional heat source is required. It is suggested that such a source for the electron gas may be due to interaction between the ring current and the plasmasphere at high altitudes. The magnitude of the downward heat flux is consistent with that necessary to produce sub-auroral red arcs. The resulting strongly heated electron gas causes vibrational excitation of molecular nitrogen in the thermosphere. Key words. Electron temperature · Subauroral ion drift · Plasmasphere-ionosphere SUPIM

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9

Cheng, Chih-Chia, and Duu-Jong Lee. "Supramolecular assembly-mediated lithium ion transport in nanostructured solid electrolytes." RSC Advances 6, no. 44 (2016): 38223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07011f.

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10

Tateo, F., M. Bononi, and F. Gallone. "Rapid detection of dimethyl yellow dye in curry by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 28, No. 5 (October 14, 2010): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/135/2009-cjfs.

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An accurate and rapid method, was devised for the identification and quantitation of dimethyl yellow dye in curry, based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry interfaced with electrospray. Mass spectral acquisition was done in positive ion mode applying two fragmentation transitions to provide a high degree of selectivity. The extraction system provided a very high recovery (100.0% to 105.8%) and good results were obtained for the limit of detection (5 μg/kg) and limit of quantitation (16 μg/kg). The applicability of the method to identifing and quantifing the unauthorised dimethyl yellow dye in curry was demonstrated.

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11

Griffin, E. M., A. L. Aruliah, I. McWhirter, H. C. I. Yiu, and A. Charalambous. "Upper thermospheric ion-neutral coupling from combined optical and radar experiments over Svalbard." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 11 (November 26, 2009): 4293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-4293-2009.

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Abstract. The response of thermospheric neutral parameters such as winds and temperatures to rapid changes in geophysical conditions has usually been considered to be relatively slow, on the order of hours, and steady, representing an integration of more rapid ionospheric changes. Quantifying the relevant ion-neutral coupling has proved difficult due to a lack of relevant laboratory data for the most important collisions, namely between neutral atomic oxygen and its first ion. As a result the representation of ion-neutral coupling in numerical models of the upper atmosphere has often produced poor comparison to experimental data. Using a unique combination of spatially extended ion and neutral thermospheric parameters we show that the neutral response can be very rapid, within 15 min, to imposed forcing via ion-neutral coupling. The array of complementary instrumentation measuring the thermosphere above Svalbard in the Northern Hemisphere allows detailed study of the causes and effects from both the ion and neutral perspectives. The implications for development and testing of the thermospheric numerical models is discussed.

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12

G Hamlet, C., S. M Jayaratne, and P. A Sadd. "Rapid, sensitive and selective analysis of acrylamide in cereal products using bromination and GC/MS/MS." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (January 1, 2004): S290—S293. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10684-cjfs.

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A rapid and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the analysis of acrylamide in cereal products. A kinetic study showed that a quantitative bromination of acrylamide in cereal extracts could be achieved within 25 min at room temperature. By using GC/MS/MS an increase in signal to noise of between 70 to 100 could be achieved for samples with minimal clean up compared to conventional selected ion monitoring. Results obtained from the analysis of a FAPAS cereal test material showed good agreement with the assigned value.

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13

Vahdani, Kaveh, Philip J. Luthert, and Geoffrey E. Rose. "Atypical, Extremely Rapid Growth of Pediatric Orbital Neurilemmoma." Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 37, no. 5 (March 12, 2021): e164-e167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iop.0000000000001958.

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14

Chen, Shaojiang, John Popovich, Wenwen Zhang, Collin Ganser, Shelley E. Haydel, and Dong-Kyun Seo. "Superior ion release properties and antibacterial efficacy of nanostructured zeolites ion-exchanged with zinc, copper, and iron." RSC Advances 8, no. 66 (2018): 37949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra06556j.

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15

Sealy, B. J. "Rapid thermal annealing of ion-implanted GaAs." Semiconductor Science and Technology 3, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/3/5/004.

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16

Meikle, S. G., and D. A. Thompson. "Rapid thermal annealing of ion implanted cdte." Journal of Electronic Materials 16, no. 3 (May 1987): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02655480.

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17

He, Bao Shan, Xue Qin Li, Chun Yan Zuo, Dan Wang, and Jin Shui Wang. "Research on Rapid Detection of Vitamin C with an Optic Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 2599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2599.

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Based on the spectral absorption/reflection principles, a home-made optic sensor which included substrate, filtration membrane, reaction film and absorbent pad has been proposed and established to detect vitamin C rapidly. In the experiment, ferric ion was reduced to ferrous ion by vitamin C in samples, the reaction film color turned from yellow to orange-red upon the binding reaction of ferrous ion to phenanthroline. Results demonstrated that vitamin C concentrations were proportional to L values of the L a b color system. A good linearity was presented in the range of 0.25-2500 μg/mL. The correlation coefficient(r) was 0.980 and the testing time was about 2 min at room temperature.

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18

Yuan, Dong, and Da You Fu. "Rapid Determination of Sulfide in Tannery Wastewater by Flow Injection Spectrophotometry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.310.

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A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for flow injection determination of sulfite in tan wastewater is described. It was based on the fade reaction of sulfide ion with Ag (I)- (5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethyl-aminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) in NaAc-HAc medium. The optimum conditions allow a linear calibration range of 0.01-1.10 μg ml-1sulfide ion. The detection limit is 0.0043 μg ml-1 (S/N=3), and the relative standard deviation for night replicate measurements is 2.1% for 0.5μg ml-1of sulfide ion. The procedure has been applied to the determination of sulfide in tannery wastewater. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by methylene blue spectrophotometric method.

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19

Du, Xinfeng, Manling Huang, Renjie Wang, Jingying Zhai, and Xiaojiang Xie. "A rapid point-of-care optical ion sensing platform based on target-induced dye release from smart hydrogels." Chemical Communications 55, no. 12 (2019): 1774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09434a.

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20

Marx, Steven O., Steven Reiken, Yuji Hisamatsu, Marta Gaburjakova, Jana Gaburjakova, Yi-Ming Yang, Nora Rosemblit, and Andrew R. Marks. "Phosphorylation-Dependent Regulation of Ryanodine Receptors." Journal of Cell Biology 153, no. 4 (May 7, 2001): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.153.4.699.

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Ryanodine receptors (RyRs), intracellular calcium release channels required for cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction, are macromolecular complexes that include kinases and phosphatases. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation plays a key role in regulating the function of many ion channels, including RyRs. However, the mechanism by which kinases and phosphatases are targeted to ion channels is not well understood. We have identified a novel mechanism involved in the formation of ion channel macromolecular complexes: kinase and phosphatase targeting proteins binding to ion channels via leucine/isoleucine zipper (LZ) motifs. Activation of kinases and phosphatases bound to RyR2 via LZs regulates phosphorylation of the channel, and disruption of kinase binding via LZ motifs prevents phosphorylation of RyR2. Elucidation of this new role for LZs in ion channel macromolecular complexes now permits: (a) rapid mapping of kinase and phosphatase targeting protein binding sites on ion channels; (b) predicting which kinases and phosphatases are likely to regulate a given ion channel; (c) rapid identification of novel kinase and phosphatase targeting proteins; and (d) tools for dissecting the role of kinases and phosphatases as modulators of ion channel function.

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21

Wen, Rong, and Burks Oakley. "Ion-selective microelectrodes suitable for recording rapid changes in extracellular ion concentration." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 31, no. 3 (March 1990): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(90)90112-s.

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22

Okamura, Masahiro, Megumi Sekine, Shunsuke Ikeda, Takeshi Kanesue, Masafumi Kumaki, and Yasuhiro Fuwa. "Preliminary result of rapid solenoid for controlling heavy-ion beam parameters of laser ion source." Laser and Particle Beams 33, no. 2 (March 13, 2015): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461500004x.

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AbstractTo realize a heavy-ion inertial fusion (HIF) driver, we have studied a possibility of laser ion source (LIS). A LIS can provide high-current high-brightness heavy-ion beams; however, it was difficult to manipulate the beam parameters. To overcome the issue, we employed a pulsed solenoid in the plasma drift section and investigated the effect of the solenoid field on singly charged iron beams. The rapid ramping magnetic field could enhance limited time slice of the current and simultaneously the beam emittance changed accordingly. This approach may also be useful to realize an ion source for HIF power plant.

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23

Abd-Rabboh, Hisham S. M., Abd El-Galil E. Amr, Ayman H. Kamel, Mohamed A. Al-Omar, and Ahmed Y. A. Sayed. "Integrated all-solid-state sulfite sensors modified with two different ion-to-electron transducers: rapid assessment of sulfite in beverages." RSC Advances 11, no. 6 (2021): 3783–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09903a.

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24

Muhammad, Pir, Sumaira Hanif, Jiliang Yan, Fawad Ur Rehman, Jiefei Wang, Maqbool Khan, Roger Chung, et al. "SERS-based nanostrategy for rapid anemia diagnosis." Nanoscale 12, no. 3 (2020): 1948–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr09152a.

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A novel multimodal anemia diagnosis assay was developed using the SERS and compared with the routinely used clinical assays. The dual-target (iron ion/metalloprotein) capturing efficiency via strong organic cyanide affinity was utilized for whole blood analyses.

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25

Zhong, Yunyun, Lei Zhong, Shuanjin Wang, Jiaxiang Qin, Dongmei Han, Shan Ren, Min Xiao, Luyi Sun, and Yuezhong Meng. "Ultrahigh Li-ion conductive single-ion polymer electrolyte containing fluorinated polysulfonamide for quasi-solid-state Li-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 42 (2019): 24251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta08795h.

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26

Sangregorio, Miguel, Ningfei Wang, Kan Xie, Zun Zhang, and Xiaojun Wang. "Rapid fabrication of ion optics by selective laser melting." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-05-2017-0085.

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Purpose Traditional ion optics manufacturing processes are complex and costly. The purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of using selective laser melting (SLM) to produce additively manufactured ion optics. Design/methodology/approach An SLM machine was used to generate Ti6Al4V screen grids. The output was separated through wire cutting from the build platform and studied through a scanning electron microscope. To increase the geometrical accuracy of the original grid, samples consisting of nine-aperture arrays were fabricated with different parameter combinations, increasing the energy density. An empirical method to correlate the energy density applied in the fabrication process with the dimensional accuracy of the hole array positioning was developed through the analysis of multiple samples. Findings The SLM machine generated grids with optimal microstructure, the apertures fell within the specified tolerances and tolerances of slightly less than 10 µm can be guaranteed for the hole array positioning. The grids’ upper surfaces presented good-quality surface finish, and the lower surface quality was acceptable when the wire cutting process that separated the grid from the build platform performed slowly. Regardless of the build strategy, the stresses generated in the separation process caused the warping of the ion optic, so a flattening operation was necessary in all cases. Originality/value This research proved that SLM is a viable solution for ion optics fabrication, faster (less than 24 h) and less expensive (order of US$300) than traditional fabrication methods (with fabrication times from 24 to more than 400 h and costs from US$500 to US$5,000, depending on the material, size and shape).

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Lunde, J., S. C. Buchert, Y. Ogawa, M. Hirahara, K. Seki, Y. Ebihara, T. Sakanoi, et al. "Ion-dispersion and rapid electron fluctuations in the cusp: a case study." Annales Geophysicae 26, no. 8 (August 20, 2008): 2485–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-26-2485-2008.

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Abstract. We present results from co-ordinated measurements with the low altitude REIMEI satellite and the ESR (EISCAT Svalbard Radar), together with other ground-based instruments carried out in February 2006. The results mainly relate to the dayside cusp where clear signatures of so-called ion-dispersion are seen in the satellite data. The cusp ion-dispersion is important for helping to understand the temporal and spatial structure of magnetopause reconnection. Whenever a satellite crosses boundaries of flux tubes or convection cells, cusp structures such as ion-dispersion will always be encountered. In our case we observed 3 distinct steps in the ion energy, but it includes at least 2 more steps as well, which we interpret as temporal features in relation to pulsed reconnection at the magnetopause. In addition, fast variations of the electron flux and energy occurring during these events have been studied in detail. The variations of the electron population, if interpreted as structures crossed by the REIMEI satellite, would map near the magnetopause to similar features as observed previously with the Cluster satellites. These were explained as Alfvén waves originating from an X-line of magnetic reconnection.

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28

Wu, Li Ping, Hua Wen Zhao, Zhu Hong Qin, Xian Ying Zhao, and Wen Dan Pu. "Highly Selective Hg (II) Ion Detection Based on Linear Blue-Shift of the Maximum Absorption Wavelength of Silver Nanoparticles." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/856947.

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A new method of detecting Hg (II) ion with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is developed in this contribution. When Hg (II) ions were added into AgNPs solution, the solution displayed rapid color change and blue shift of the maximum absorption wavelength (Δλ), which was in proportion to the Hg (II) ion concentration over the range of 2.0 × 10−7–6.0 × 10−6 mol/L, with detection limit (3σ) of 6.6 × 10−9 mol/L. Under the same experimental conditions, other metal ions did not interfere. Thus, we propose a rapid, simple and highly selective method for detecting Hg (II) ion.

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29

Kaveevivitchai, Watchareeya, Ashfia Huq, and Arumugam Manthiram. "Microwave-assisted chemical insertion: a rapid technique for screening cathodes for Mg-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 5 (2017): 2309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta09497j.

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An ultrafast microwave-assisted chemical insertion with magnesium acetate as the Mg-ion source and diethylene glycol as the reducing agent can be used to rapidly screen and identify potential hosts for Mg-ion batteries, without the necessity of fabricating electrodes and assembling electrochemical cells.

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30

Liu, Liyuan, Yih-Chyng Wu, Patrick Rozier, Pierre-Louis Taberna, and Patrice Simon. "Ultrafast Synthesis of Calcium Vanadate for Superior Aqueous Calcium-Ion Battery." Research 2019 (November 29, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/6585686.

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Recently, multivalent aqueous calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) have attracted considerable attention as a possible alternative to Li-ion batteries. However, traditional Ca-ion storage materials show either limited rate capabilities and poor cycle life or insufficient specific capacity. Here, we tackle these limitations by exploring materials having a large interlayer distance to achieve decent specific capacities and one-dimensional architecture with adequate Ca-ion passages that enable rapid reversible (de)intercalation processes. In this work, we report the high-yield, rapid, and low-cost synthesis of 1D metal oxides MV3O8 (M=Li, K), CaV2O6, and CaV6O16·7H2O (CVO) via a molten salt method. Firstly, using 1D CVO as electrode materials, we show high capacity 205 mA h g-1, long cycle life (>97% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 3.0 C), and high-rate performance (117 mA h g-1 at 12 C) for Ca-ion (de)intercalation. This work represents a step forward for the development of the molten salt method to synthesize nanomaterials and to help pave the way for the future growth of Ca-ion batteries.

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31

Ye, Xiangyi, Peng Qi, Yan Sun, Dun Zhang, and Yan Zeng. "A high flexibility all-solid contact sulfide selective electrode using a graphene transducer." Analytical Methods 12, no. 24 (2020): 3151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay00420k.

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In this paper, a novel high flexibility all-solid contact ion selective electrode (ASC-ISE) based on reduced graphene sheets (RGSs) as the ion-to-electron transducer was developed for rapid detection of sulfide.

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32

He, Xiao Lin, Jin Hai Wang, Yu Zheng, Yang Zhang, and Gang Li. "Rapid Dissociation of Cortical Neurons from Neonate Rats and Patch-Clamp Recording." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.427.

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In order to get the single cortical neurons fitting the study of patch-clamp technique.use the kunming mouse with the birth of 10 days or so, and separate neurons in the cerebral cortex through acute separation technology and enzymatic hydrolysis. A cone-shaped adherent neurons are selected and observed in rapid dissociation and cell activity status under the inverted microscope. Different ion channel blockers is added to the extracellular fluid and used whole-cell recording which can obtain Na +, K + and other ion channel currents. This method can obtain good morphological and physiological characteristics of both single cortical neurons, confirming that the method applied to cortical neurons by patch clamp technique, which has significant value for in-depth research on drugs, toxins and other physical factors on the electrical activity of neuronal ion channels and signal transduction mechanism of the effect.

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33

Phaneuf, M. W., J. Li, and T. Malis. "High Resolution FIB as a General Materials Science Tool." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600022583.

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Focused Ion Beam or FIB systems have been used in integrated circuit production for some time. The ability to combine rapid, precision focused ion beam sputtering or gas-assisted ion etching with focused ion beam deposition allows for rapid-prototyping of circuit modifications and failure analysis of defects even if they are buried deep within the chip's architecture. Inevitably, creative TEM researchers reasoned that a FIB could be used to produce site specific parallel-sided, electron transparent regions, thus bringing about the rather unique situation wherein the specimen preparation device often was worth as much as the TEM itself.More recently, FIB manufacturers have concentrated on improving the resolution and imaging characteristics of these instruments, resulting in a more general-purpose characterization tool. The Micrion 2500 FIB system used in this study is capable of 4 nm imaging resolution using either secondary electron or secondary ions, both generated by a 50 kV liquid metal gallium ion source.

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34

Meyyappan, M., and T. R. Govindan. "Plasma Process Modeling for Integrated Circuits Manufacturing." VLSI Design 6, no. 1-4 (January 1, 1998): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/27636.

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A reactor model for plasma-based deposition and etching is presented. Two-dimensional results are discussed in terms of plasma density, ion flux, and ion energy. Approaches to develop rapid CAD-type models are discussed.

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35

Chouinard, Christopher D., Michael S. Wei, Christopher R. Beekman, Robin H. J. Kemperman, and Richard A. Yost. "Ion Mobility in Clinical Analysis: Current Progress and Future Perspectives." Clinical Chemistry 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2015.238840.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a rapid separation tool that can be coupled with several sampling/ionization methods, other separation techniques (e.g., chromatography), and various detectors (e.g., mass spectrometry). This technique has become increasingly used in the last 2 decades for applications ranging from illicit drug and chemical warfare agent detection to structural characterization of biological macromolecules such as proteins. Because of its rapid speed of analysis, IMS has recently been investigated for its potential use in clinical laboratories. CONTENT This review article first provides a brief introduction to ion mobility operating principles and instrumentation. Several current applications will then be detailed, including investigation of rapid ambient sampling from exhaled breath and other volatile compounds and mass spectrometric imaging for localization of target compounds. Additionally, current ion mobility research in relevant fields (i.e., metabolomics) will be discussed as it pertains to potential future application in clinical settings. SUMMARY This review article provides the authors' perspective on the future of ion mobility implementation in the clinical setting, with a focus on ambient sampling methods that allow IMS to be used as a “bedside” standalone technique for rapid disease screening and methods for improving the analysis of complex biological samples such as blood plasma and urine.

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Šmíd, F., V. Bradová, O. Mikeš, and J. Sedláčková. "Rapid ion-exchange separation of human brain gangliosides." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 377 (January 1986): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80762-8.

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Casarin, Laura, Wesley B. Swords, Stefano Caramori, Carlo A. Bignozzi, and Gerald J. Meyer. "Rapid Static Sensitizer Regeneration Enabled by Ion Pairing." Inorganic Chemistry 56, no. 13 (June 12, 2017): 7324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00819.

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James, Travis, Allen Apblett, and Nicholas F. Materer. "Rapid Quantification of Sodium Dithionite by Ion Chromatography." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51, no. 22 (May 23, 2012): 7742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie202847t.

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Clarke, Ronald J. "Rapid Reaction Kinetics: Lessons Learnt from Ion Pumps." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 1 (2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10271.

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Chemical kinetics underwent a revolution in the 1950–60s with the development by Manfred Eigen of relaxation kinetic techniques and theory for the analysis of the results obtained. The techniques he introduced extended the time scale of measurable reactions into the microsecond range and beyond. Since then, computing power has increased astronomically. Some of the approximations traditionally used in the analysis of relaxation kinetic data to reduce mathematical complexity are, therefore, now no longer a necessity. Numerical integration of coupled series of differential rate equations can be performed in seconds or less on desk-top computers. In research on the mechanism of the Na+,K+-ATPase, it has been found that traditional approaches to relaxation kinetic data can sometimes lead to erroneous conclusions or to an incomplete description of the mechanism. Therefore, one needs to be flexible in one’s approach to kinetic data analysis and carefully consider the validity of any approximations used.

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Gill, Sukhdev Singh. "Rapid Isothermal Annealing of Ion Implanted Gallium-Arsenide." Solid State Phenomena 1-2 (January 1991): 281–341. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.1-2.281.

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Anderson, P. C., D. L. Carpenter, K. Tsuruda, T. Mukai, and F. J. Rich. "Multisatellite observations of rapid subauroral ion drifts (SAID)." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 106, A12 (December 1, 2001): 29585–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001ja000128.

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Huang, Yi-Zhong, David J. H. Cockayne, Jausovec Ana-Vanessa, Russell P. Cowburn, Shou-Guo Wang, and Roger C. C. Ward. "Rapid fabrication of nanoneedle arrays by ion sputtering." Nanotechnology 19, no. 1 (November 29, 2007): 015303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/19/01/015303.

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Anderson, P. C., R. A. Heelis, and W. B. Hanson. "The ionospheric signatures of rapid subauroral ion drifts." Journal of Geophysical Research 96, A4 (1991): 5785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90ja02651.

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Krämer, M., and M. Scholz. "Rapid calculation of biological effects in ion radiotherapy." Physics in Medicine and Biology 51, no. 8 (March 30, 2006): 1959–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/51/8/001.

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Clare, Adam T., Liang Gao, Boris Brkić, Paul R. Chalker, and Stephen Taylor. "Linear ion trap fabricated using rapid manufacturing technology." Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 21, no. 2 (February 2010): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2009.10.020.

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Yarling, C. B., and W. Andrew Keenan. "Ion implant rapid thermal anneal international round robin." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 37-38 (February 1989): 828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(89)90307-8.

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Tatsumisago, M., and T. Minami. "Lithium ion conducting glasses prepared by rapid quenching." Materials Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 1-2 (October 1987): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(87)90107-6.

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Kanu, Abu B., Ching Wu, and Herbert H. Hill. "Rapid preseparation of interferences for ion mobility spectrometry." Analytica Chimica Acta 610, no. 1 (March 2008): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.08.024.

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Roux, Benoît. "Ion channels and ion selectivity." Essays in Biochemistry 61, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20160074.

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Specific macromolecular transport systems, ion channels and pumps, provide the pathways to facilitate and control the passage of ions across the lipid membrane. Ion channels provide energetically favourable passage for ions to diffuse rapidly and passively according to their electrochemical potential. Selective ion channels are essential for the excitability of biological membranes: the action potential is a transient phenomenon that reflects the rapid opening and closing of voltage-dependent Na+-selective and K+-selective channels. One of the most critical functional aspects of K+ channels is their ability to remain highly selective for K+ over Na+ while allowing high-throughput ion conduction at a rate close to the diffusion limit. Permeation through the K+ channel selectivity filter is believed to proceed as a ‘knockon’ mechanism, in which 2–3 K+ ions interspersed by water molecules move in a single file. Permeation through the comparatively wider and less selective Na+ channels also proceeds via a loosely coupled knockon mechanism, although the ions do not need to be fully dehydrated. While simple structural concepts are often invoked to rationalize the mechanism of ion selectivity, a deeper analysis shows that subtle effects play an important role in these flexible dynamical structures.

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Yan, Ya Ping, Hao Li, Ying Bo Kang, Bo Wang, Tae Yil Eom, Kyeong Youn Song, Srijita Nundy, et al. "Controllable oxygen-incorporated interlayer-expanded ReS2 nanosheets deposited on hollow mesoporous carbon spheres for improved redox kinetics of Li-ion storage." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 38 (2019): 22070–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta04281d.

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Oxygen incorporation and interlayer spacing of 2D ReS₂ nanosheets deposited on hollow mesoporous carbon spheres is controlled improving electronic conductivity and rapid ion diffusion for high rate and cyclic capabilities of Li-ion storage.

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