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Journal articles on the topic 'Ion source'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 23 November 2024

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1

Dimov, G. I., A. S. Donin, O. Yu Marin, I. I. Morozov, V. Ya Savkin, and S. A. Wiebe. "Deuterium ion source." Review of Scientific Instruments 67, no. 3 (March 1996): 1027–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146746.

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2

Gaubert, G., C. Bieth, W. Bougy, N. Brionne, X. Donzel, R. Leroy, A. Sineau, C. Vallerand, A. C. C. Villari, and T. Thuillier. "Pantechnik new superconducting ion source: PantechniK Indian Superconducting Ion Source." Review of Scientific Instruments 83, no. 2 (February 2012): 02A344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3673635.

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3

Orient, O. J., A. Chutjian, and S. H. Alajajian. "Reversal ion source: A new source of negative ion beams." Review of Scientific Instruments 56, no. 1 (January 1985): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138477.

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4

Sakudo, N. "Microwave ion source for ion implantation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 21, no. 1-4 (January 1987): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(87)90819-6.

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5

Jayamanna, K., F. Ames, Y. Bylinskii, M. Lovera, D. Louie, B. Minato, D. Portilla, and S. Saminathan. "TRIUMF’s H-/D- Ion Source Development to Date." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012039.

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Abstract The TRIUMF Stable Ion Source group has been developing negative and positive ion sources for decades, including a few arc-discharge H-/D- ion sources and a microwave-driven H-/D- ion source for medical cyclotrons [1] and other applications. The smallest ion source with a 125 cc plasma chamber can produce up to 5 mA continuously. The largest ion source with a 1200 cc plasma chamber is able to produce 60 mA with increased arc power and enhanced magnetic confinement. The filament-less microwave ion source is capable of producing up to 5 mA H- current for years without any manual intervention. A historical overview of H-/D- source development at TRIUMF is presented. A summary of employed optical and diagnostics components is also presented

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6

Bahng, Jungbae, Yuncheol Kim, Young-woo Lee, Jinsung Yu, Seung-Hee Nam, Bong-Hyuk Choi, and Yongbae Jeon. "Multi-filament ion source for uniform ion beam generation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012054.

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Abstract Ion beams are employed in various fields such as semiconductor manufacturing, surface modification and material science. The uniformity of ion beams is crucial in many applications, but conventional ion sources that use a single filament often limit the uniformity and intensity of the ion beam. This paper presents a study that aims to optimize a multi-filament ion source to enhance the uniformity of ion beams. The study includes a detailed explanation of the ion source components and design, methods for measuring ion beam uniformity with its experimental design, followed by results, analysis, discussions and conclusions, completed by suggestions for future research directions. The experimental results demonstrate that the use of a multi-filament ion source improves ion beam uniformity compared to a single-filament ion source. An optimal design for the ion source components and new approaches for improving ion beam uniformity are described. The study’s results provide important information for improving ion beam uniformity and offer a technical basis for providing high-quality products and services in various industries.

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7

Arredondo, I., M. Eguiraun, J. Jugo, D. Piso, M. del Campo, T. Poggi, S. Varnasseri, et al. "Adjustable ECR Ion Source Control System: Ion Source Hydrogen Positive Project." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 62, no. 3 (June 2015): 903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2015.2432036.

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8

Medvedev, V. K. "New type of metal ion source: Surface diffusion Li+ ion source." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 13, no. 2 (March 1995): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.587927.

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9

Kürten, A., L. Rondo, S. Ehrhart, and J. Curtius. "Performance of a corona ion source for measurement of sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 3, no. 6 (November 19, 2010): 5295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-5295-2010.

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Abstract. The performance of an ion source based on corona discharge has been studied. This source is used for the detection of gaseous sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) through the reaction of NO3– ions with H2SO4. The ion source is operated under atmospheric pressure and its design is similar to the one of a radioactive (Americium 241) ion source which has been used previously. Our results show that the detection limit for the corona ion source is sufficiently good for most applications. For an integration time of one minute it is ~6 × 104 molecules of H2SO4 per cm3. In addition, only a small cross-sensitivity to SO2 has been observed for concentrations as high as 1 ppmv in the sample gas. This low sensitivity to SO2 is achieved even without the addition of an OH scavenger. When comparing the new corona ion source with the americium ion source for the same provided H2SO4 concentration, both ion sources yield almost identical values. These features make the corona ion source investigated here favorable over the more commonly used radioactive ion sources for most applications where H2SO4 is measured by CIMS.

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10

Kürten, A., L. Rondo, S. Ehrhart, and J. Curtius. "Performance of a corona ion source for measurement of sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 3 (March 3, 2011): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-437-2011.

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Abstract. The performance of an ion source based on corona discharge has been studied. This source is used for the detection of gaseous sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) through the reaction of NO3– ions with H2SO4. The ion source is operated under atmospheric pressure and its design is similar to the one of a radioactive (americium-241) ion source which has been used previously. The results show that the detection limit for the corona ion source is sufficiently good for most applications. For an integration time of 1 min it is ~6 × 104 molecule cm−3 of H2SO4. In addition, only a small cross-sensitivity to SO2 has been observed for concentrations as high as 1 ppmv in the sample gas. This low sensitivity to SO2 is achieved even without the addition of an OH scavenger. When comparing the new corona ion source with the americium ion source for the same provided H2SO4 concentration, both ion sources yield almost identical values. These features make the corona ion source investigated here favorable over the more commonly used radioactive ion sources for most applications where H2SO4 is measured by CIMS.

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11

Hwang, Jong-Jin, Hyo-Jun Sim, and Seung-Jae Moon. "Development and Evaluation of Ferrite Core Inductively Coupled Plasma Radio Frequency Ion Source for High-Current Ion Implanters in Semiconductor Applications." Sensors 24, no. 15 (August 5, 2024): 5071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24155071.

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This study presents the development of a ferrite core inductively coupled plasma (ICP) radio frequency (RF) ion source designed to improve the lifetime of ion sources in commercial ion implanters. Unlike existing DC methods, this novel approach aims to enhance the performance and lifetime of the ion source. We constructed a high-vacuum evaluation chamber to thoroughly examine RF ion source characteristics using a Langmuir probe. Comparative experiments assessed the extraction current of two upgraded ferrite core RF ion sources in a commercial ion implanter setting. Additionally, we tested the plasma lifetime of the ICP source and took temperature measurements of various components to verify the operational stability and efficiency of the innovative design. This study confirmed that the ICP RF ion source operated effectively under a high vacuum of 10−5 torr and in a high-voltage environment of 30 kV. We observed that the extraction current increased linearly with RF power. We also confirmed that BF3 gas, which presents challenging conditions, was stably ionized in the ICP RF ion sources.

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12

Lippmann, Martin, Ansgar T. Kirk, Moritz Hitzemann, and Stefan Zimmermann. "IMS Instrumentation I: Isolated data acquisition for ion mobility spectrometers with grounded ion sources." International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry 23, no. 2 (May 7, 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12127-020-00260-5.

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Abstract The drift voltage required for operating ion mobility spectrometers implies high voltage isolation of either the ion source or the detector. Typically, the detector is grounded due to the sensitivity of the small ion currents to interferences and thus higher requirements for signal integrity than the ion source. However, for certain ion sources, such as non-radioactive electron emitters or electrospray ionization sources, or for coupling with other instruments, such as gas or liquid chromatographs, a grounded ion source is beneficial. In this paper, we present an isolated data acquisition interface using a 16 bit, 250 kilosamples per second analog to digital converter and fiber optic transmitters and receivers. All spectra recorded via this new data acquisition interface and with a grounded ion source show the same peak shapes and noise when compared with a grounded detector, allowing additional freedom in design.

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13

Qian, C., L. T. Sun, W. Lu, Z. H. Jia, T. J. Yang, L. Zhu, S. J. Zheng, et al. "High Performance 18 GHz ECR Ion Sources Development." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012024.

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Abstract At present, ECR ion sources are developing towards higher frequency, higher magnetic field technology. However, 18 GHz is the highest optimal operation microwave frequency for room temperature ECR ion sources, which can meet the needs of most of the existing heavy ion facilities. After the success of the 18 GHz ECR ion source LECR4, we developed the upgraded version source LECR5 aiming for higher beam intensity and higher charge state ions. With a higher radial field, bigger plasma chamber volume, longer mirror length, and flexible Bmm field, promising results have been made at the power level of ∼2.1 kW@18 GHz, for instance, 81 eμA Bi32+, and 22 eμA Bi41+. This ion source has been recently used for the heavy ion facility SESRI (Space Environment Simulation Research Infrastructure) as the pre-injector ion source. High beam intensities and reasonable beam qualities have been demonstrated during the test platform. Inspired by this outcome, a hybrid 18 GHz ion source called HECRAL has been proposed aiming for the similar performance of SECRAL at 18 GHz. This paper will present the recent update of the LECR5 ion source commissioning. The design and preliminary results of the HECRAL ion source will be described.

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14

Qian, C., L. T. Sun, W. Lu, Z. H. Jia, T. J. Yang, L. Zhu, S. J. Zheng, et al. "High Performance 18 GHz ECR Ion Sources Development." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012024.

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Abstract At present, ECR ion sources are developing towards higher frequency, higher magnetic field technology. However, 18 GHz is the highest optimal operation microwave frequency for room temperature ECR ion sources, which can meet the needs of most of the existing heavy ion facilities. After the success of the 18 GHz ECR ion source LECR4, we developed the upgraded version source LECR5 aiming for higher beam intensity and higher charge state ions. With a higher radial field, bigger plasma chamber volume, longer mirror length, and flexible Bmm field, promising results have been made at the power level of ∼2.1 kW@18 GHz, for instance, 81 eμA Bi32+, and 22 eμA Bi41+. This ion source has been recently used for the heavy ion facility SESRI (Space Environment Simulation Research Infrastructure) as the pre-injector ion source. High beam intensities and reasonable beam qualities have been demonstrated during the test platform. Inspired by this outcome, a hybrid 18 GHz ion source called HECRAL has been proposed aiming for the similar performance of SECRAL at 18 GHz. This paper will present the recent update of the LECR5 ion source commissioning. The design and preliminary results of the HECRAL ion source will be described.

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15

Grzebyk, Tomasz, Piotr Szyszka, Michał Krysztof, Anna Górecka-Drzazga, and Jan Dziuban. "MEMS ion source for ion mobility spectrometry." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 37, no. 2 (March 2019): 022201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.5068750.

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16

Uchida, Noriyuki, Yuji Ohishi, Tomonari Sho, Kaoru Kimura, and Toshihiko Kanayama. "Multipole Ion Trap as Cluster-Ion Source." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 46, no. 7A (July 4, 2007): 4312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.46.4312.

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17

Sampayan, S. E. "An improved ion source for ion implantation." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 6, no. 4 (July 1988): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.584299.

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18

Ono, Y., T. Kurosawa, T. Sato, Y. Oka, and I. Hashimoto. "Bucket‐type ion source for ion milling." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 4, no. 3 (May 1986): 788–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.573814.

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19

Yucai, Feng, and Tian Feng. "Broad beam ion source for ion implantation." Review of Scientific Instruments 61, no. 1 (January 1990): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141281.

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20

Sharkov, B. Yu, A. V. Shumshurov, V. P. Dubenkow, O. B. Shamaev, and A. A. Golubev. "Laser ion source for heavy ion accelerators." Review of Scientific Instruments 63, no. 4 (April 1992): 2841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142771.

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21

Henke, D., and R. Hentschel. "An ECR ion source for ion implantation." Review of Scientific Instruments 63, no. 4 (April 1992): 2538–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142881.

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22

Shitara, Kazuhiro, Yasuaki Nakamura, and Akira Isoya. "An annular ion source." Journal of Advanced Science 2, no. 1 (1990): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2978/jsas.2.52.

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23

Bugaev, S. P., A. G. Nikolaev, E. M. Oks, P. M. Schanin, and G. Yu Yushkov. "The ‘‘TITAN’’ ion source." Review of Scientific Instruments 65, no. 10 (October 1994): 3119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144765.

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24

Tanabe, Shinichi, Akira Tonegawa, and Kazuo Takayama. "Low temperature ion source." Review of Scientific Instruments 65, no. 4 (April 1994): 1362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144961.

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25

Brown, Ian G., James E. Galvin, and Robert A. MacGill. "High current ion source." Applied Physics Letters 47, no. 4 (August 15, 1985): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.96163.

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26

Yoshida, Yoshikazu. "Holey-plate ion source." Review of Scientific Instruments 71, no. 2 (February 2000): 710–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150269.

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27

Kaufman, Harold R., Raymond S. Robinson, and Richard Ian Seddon. "End‐Hall ion source." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 5, no. 4 (July 1987): 2081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.574924.

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28

Yabe, E., A. Tonegawa, D. Satoh, K. Takayama, R. Fukui, K. Takagi, K. Okamoto, and S. Komiya. "Plasma filament ion source." Vacuum 36, no. 1-3 (January 1986): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(86)90267-8.

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29

Tamba, Moritake, Kenji Yamaguchi, Satoru Tanaka, Michio Yamawaki, Mitsuo Nakajima, and Yuichi Sakamoto. "Compact ECR ion source." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 37-38 (February 1989): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(89)90162-6.

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30

Miljević, Vujo I. "Hollow anode ion source." Review of Scientific Instruments 61, no. 1 (January 1990): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141279.

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31

Brown, I. G., A. Anders, S. Anders, M. R. Dickinson, and R. A. MacGill. "Peristaltic ion source (invited)." Review of Scientific Instruments 67, no. 3 (March 1996): 956–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146782.

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32

Churkin, I. N., V. I. Volosov, and A. G. Steshov. "Universal metal ion source." Review of Scientific Instruments 69, no. 2 (February 1998): 822–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148577.

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33

Schwellnus, Fabio, Klaus Blaum, Christopher Geppert, Tina Gottwald, Hans-Jürgen Kluge, Christoph Mattolat, Wilfried Nörtershäuser, Katja Wies, and Klaus Wendt. "The laser ion source and trap (LIST) – A highly selective ion source." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266, no. 19-20 (October 2008): 4383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.05.065.

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34

Miracoli, R., J. Feuchtwanger, I. Arredondo, D. Belver, P. J. Gonzalez, J. Corres, S. Djekic, et al. "Note: Development of ESS Bilbao's proton ion source: Ion Source Hydrogen Positive." Review of Scientific Instruments 85, no. 2 (February 2014): 026117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4866690.

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35

Ishitani, Tohru, Kaoru Umemura, and Yoshimi Kawanami. "Liquid Metal Ion Sources: Normalization of Virtual Source Size and Angular Ion Intensity." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 33, Part 2, No. 3B (March 15, 1994): L479—L481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.33.l479.

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36

Vybin S. S, Izotov I. V, Skalyga V. A., Palashov O. V., and Mironov E. A. "Ion beam source upgrade of the neutron source at IAP RAS." Technical Physics 67, no. 12 (2022): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2022.12.55205.178-22.

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The results of the ion source of the neutron generator upgrade, which makes it possible to operate in a CW mode, are presented. A magnetic trap consisting of permanent magnets (NdFeB) was developed. A 3-electrode extraction system equipped with a magnetic lens was used to extract the deuterium ion beam. Calculations are made for the formation of a deuterium ion beam with a current over 500 mA and an energy of 100 keV with practically no losses in the extraction system. Keywords: extraction system, magnetic trap, neutron generator, ion beam.

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37

Pikin, A., J. G. Alessi, E. N. Beebe, A. Kponou, and K. Prelec. "Study of a liquid metal ion source for external ion injection into electron-beam ion source." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 3 (March 2006): 03A909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2166428.

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38

Segal, M. J., R. A. Bark, R. Thomae, E. E. Donets, E. D. Donets, A. Boytsov, D. Ponkin, and A. Ramsdorf. "Liquid metal ion source assembly for external ion injection into an electron string ion source (ESIS)." Review of Scientific Instruments 87, no. 2 (February 2016): 02A913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4935974.

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39

Prevost, Dave, Keerthi Jayamanna, Linda Graham, Sam Varah, and Cornelia Hoehr. "New Ion Source Filament for Prolonged Ion Source Operation on A Medical Cyclotron." Instruments 3, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments3010005.

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Cyclotrons are an important tool for accelerator sciences including the production of medical isotopes for imaging and therapy. For their successful and cost-efficient operation, the planned and unplanned down time of the cyclotron needs to be kept at a minimum without compromising reliability. One of the often required maintenance activities is the replacement of the filament in the ion source. Here, we are reporting on a new ion source filament tested on a medical cyclotron and its prolonging effect on the ion source operation.

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40

Zelenski, A. "Review of Polarized Ion Sources." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (January 2016): 1660100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516601009.

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Recent progress in polarized ion sources development is reviewed. New techniques for production of polarized H[Formula: see text] ion (proton), D[Formula: see text] (D[Formula: see text]) and 3He[Formula: see text] ion beams will be discussed. A novel polarization technique was successfully implemented for the upgrade of the RHIC polarized H[Formula: see text] ion source to higher intensity and polarization. In this technique, a proton beam inside the high magnetic field solenoid is produced by ionization of the atomic hydrogen beam (from an external source) in the He-gas ionizer cell. Polarized electron capture from the optically-pumped Rb vapor further produces proton polarization (Optically Pumped Polarized Ion Source technique). The upgraded source reliably delivered beam for the 2013 polarized run in RHIC at [Formula: see text] = 510 GeV. This was a major factor contributing to RHIC polarization increase to over 60 % for colliding beams. Feasibility studies of a new polarization technique for polarized 3He[Formula: see text] source based on BNL Electron Beam Ion Source is also discussed.

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41

Segal, S. T., R. A. Bark, J. Abraham, H. Anderson, S. Baard, A. Crombie, C. Ellis, et al. "Ion-source development at the off-line LERIB test-facility at iThemba LABS." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2586, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2586/1/012144.

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Abstract The Low Energy Radioactive Ion Beam (LERIB) facility [1] will be used to produce low-energy radioactive-ion beams (RIBs) with energies up to 60 keV. Radioactive reaction products will be created by a 66 MeV proton-beam impinging on a target made of carbide disks, such as SiC [2]. These reaction products will then be ionized in a target-ion-source (TIS) and extracted as beam. The TIS design allows three ion-sources: a surface ion-source [3], a forced electron-beam induced arc-discharge (FEBIAD) ion-source [4], and a resonance-ionization laser ion-source, or RILIS. The surface-ionization source was commissioned with stable beams in October 2021. The production of ions from Group-1 elements was accomplished with beams of 39K+, 41K+ and 23Na+ where currents were measured in the μA range. This source may be advantageous for producing stable pilot-beams for future radioactive-beam experiments. The FEBIAD is still in development at present.

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42

Kondo, K., T. Yamamoto, M. Sekine, and M. Okamura. "Laser ion source with solenoid for Brookhaven National Laboratory-electron beam ion source." Review of Scientific Instruments 83, no. 2 (February 2012): 02B319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3675388.

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43

Tanaka, M., T. Ohshima, K. Katori, M. Fujiwara, T. Itahashi, H. Ogata, M. Kondo, and L. W. Anderson. "2.45 GHz ECR ion source and expected performance for polarized heavy ion source." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 302, no. 3 (May 1991): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(91)90360-3.

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44

Maunoury, L., P. Velten, X. Donzel, V. Engelen, G. Collignon, P. Sortais, J. Perrussel, P. Paliard, and D. Bérard. "Ion source developments to supply mono & multi charged ion beams to the new NHa C400 hadrontherapy system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012090.

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Abstract Normandy Hadrontherapy (NHa) is developing, in collaboration with Ion Beam Applications (IBA), a full hadrontherapy treatment solution based on a new multiparticle cyclotron. 12C6+ and 4He2+ ions will be accelerated up to 400 MeV/u and (H2)+ up to 260 MeV/u. Three different ion sources will be carried out for each accelerated particle: the mono-charged ion source (H2)+ and low charged ion source He2+ are provided by the Polygon Physics (PP) company. The carbon ion source is under development at NHa in collaboration with IBA and PP. The (H2)+ ion source is an industrial Tubular ECR Source (TES) fitted for the needs of the NHa C400 cyclotron (30 µA of (H2)+). The He2+ ion source is a classic 10 GHz ECR type with a new concept because the complete source is set inside a vacuum chamber and it runs under 10−6 mbar of gas residual pressure. The 12C6+ ion source is also an ECR type ion source operating at 14.5 GHz frequency, its design is under progress to produce a beam providing stability and reproducibility levels compatible with clinical use. The article will present the External Injection System of the NHa C400 cyclotron hence it will focus on the experimental results obtained with the (H2)+ ion source and preliminary outputs from the He2+ ECRIS. A presentation of the multicharged ECRIS design dedicated to the 12C6+ production will be done.

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45

Janpong, Keratiya. "Design and Construction the RF Ion Source for Compact Accelerator with 30 keV Energy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 891 (May 2019): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.891.263.

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In constructing the low energy accelerator for plant modification the most important part is the ion source. In the conventional cold cathodes and hot filament ion source methods the filament continuously burns out over time, has a shorter lifespan and requires venting of the ion source to atmosphere. Henceforth the Radio frequency (RF) antenna ion source or “non-thermionic ion source” with 13.6 MHz was used in the accelerator as well as it being easy to generate varie the plasma souce and stability. This ion source can produce a particle beam of about ~30 to 40 mA current. The ion particle was extracted by the first zero voltage extraction rod electrode method focusing the ion beam of 0-30 kV with the second rod electrode after which the third rod electrode has zero voltage. In calculating and designing this system via the Simion8.0 Program, the result showed that the Ar+ ion beam with 30 keV can be focused with 1 cm diameter beam at the distance of 10 cm of the drift space.

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46

Rawat, Bharat Singh, S. K. Sharma, B. Choksi, P. Bharathi, B. Sridhar, L. N. Gupta, D. Thakkar, S. L. Parmar, V. Prahlad, and U. K. Baruah. "Effects of axial magnetic field in a magnetic multipole line cusp ion source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012082.

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Abstract Experiments have been performed to study the effects of axial magnetic field on plasma and ion beam parameters in a magnetic multipole line cusp ion source. Studies performed on ring cusp and Kaufmann type ion sources suggest that the axial component of magnetic field may help in improving the ion extraction current at a low discharge power. The line cusps ion sources have been used since long to produced uniform beams, however, they lack axial component of the magnetic field. These ion sources generally suffer from low efficiency possibly due the absence of axial magnetic field. In this work, an additional magnetic coil is added at various axial positions between the back-plate and the plasma grid of the multipole line cusp ion source. We have investigated the effects of axial magnetic field on the discharge efficiency and source parameters like beam current and uniformity in the multipole line cusp ion source. The beam profiles are obtained using an eleven-channel faraday cup array to estimate the effects of the axial magnetic field on beam uniformity and divergence. Initial studies suggest a reduction of beam divergence with increasing axial magnetic field. A significant rise in the beam current and the discharge current is also observed when the axial magnetic field is increased. Particle trajectory simulation using the CST-Studio suite is utilised in understanding the role of confinement of primary electrons behind the improved performance of the ion source.

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47

Svotina, Victoria V., Andrey I. Mogulkin, and Alexandra Y. Kupreeva. "Ion Source—Thermal and Thermomechanical Simulation." Aerospace 8, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8070189.

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The main purpose of this work is to conduct ground development testing of the ion source intended for use the space debris contactless transportation system. In order to substantiate the operating capability of the developed ion source, its thermal and thermomechanical simulation was carried out. The ion source thermal model should verify the ion source operating capability under thermal loading conditions, and demonstrate the conditions for ion source interfacing with the systems of the service spacecraft with the ion source installed as a payload. The mechanical and mathematical simulation for deformation of the ion source ion-extraction system profiled electrodes under thermal loading in conjunction with the prediction of the strained state based on the numerical simulation of the ion source ion-extraction system units, making it possible to ensure the stability of the ion source performance. Good agreement between the thermal and thermo-mechanical ion source simulation results and experimental data has been demonstrated. It is shown that the developed ion source will be functional in outer space and can be used as an element of the space debris contactless transportation system into graveyard orbits.

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48

Chen, W., H. Li, Y. J. Lü, X. X. Cao, S. J. Liu, Y. C. Xiao, H. Liao, and K. J. Xue. "Over 7200 hours commissioning of RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source developed at CSNS." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 04 (April 1, 2023): P04030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/04/p04030.

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Abstract The China Spallation Neutron Source project Phase-II (CSNS-II) aims to deliver a proton beam of 500 kW on the tungsten target. To accomplish this goal, an RF-driven negative hydrogen ion source was developed to replace the penning ion source used in CSNS-I. The RF-driven ion source has been put into commissioning on CSNS accelerator since September 8th, 2021. And it was shut down on July 26th, 2022, together with the whole accelerator for the annual maintenance in summer. In this run cycle it has accumulated service time of over 7200 hours without major maintenance. The availability of the ion source is above 99.99%, except for one or two sparks per day of the 50 kV high voltage platform, each spark causing 1 second trip of the accelerator. The RF-driven ion source has an external antenna winding around a silicon nitride plasma chamber, which is quite robust in high duty-factor operation. In this paper, we present the structure of the ion source, the improvements over other ion sources, and the issues met in the commissioning.

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KIM, Kyungshik, Yukito NAKAGAWA, and Naokichi HOSOKAWA. "Ion analysis of a compact ECR ion source." SHINKU 33, no. 3 (1990): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj.33.214.

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50

Lapin, R. L., I. V. Izotov, V. A. Skalyga, S. V. Razin, R. A. Shaposhnikov, and O. Tarvainen. "Gasdynamic ECR ion source for negative ion production." Journal of Instrumentation 13, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): C12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/13/12/c12007.

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