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Peterman, Keith E., and Wojciech Dmowski. "HEPTAFLUOROISOPROPOXIDE ION IN AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION." Organic Preparations and Procedures International 23, no. 6 (December 1991): 760–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00304949109458254.
Li, Dan, and Xiang Hu Li. "Reducibility of Oxide-Ion Conductors La2-XBaxMo2-YWyO9-δ." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.91.
The reducibility of oxide-ion conductors La2-xBaxMo2-yWyO9-δ(x = 0, 0.06; y = 0, 0.1) were studied in the reducing atmosphere of 5%H2 + Ar by means of impedance spectroscopy measurement.. All substitutions can enhance the conductivity and improve the reducibility in the temperature range from 548 to 923 K. The double substitution of Ba and W has a better stabilizing effect than the single tungsten substitution.
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Ren, Fu Zeng, Yang Leng, and Xiong Lu. "Ab Initio Simulations on the Carbonated Apatite Structure." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.1.
ab initio simulations were employed to investigate the crystal structure of carbonated apatite (CAp). Two possible sites for the carbonate ions in the apatite lattice were considered: carbonate substituting for OH-ion (type-A) and for PO43-ion (type-B). A combined type-AB substitution was also proposed and numerous possible charge compensation mechanisms were treated. The results show that the most stable type-A CAp had its carbonate triangular plane almost parallel to c-axis, making an angle of about 2° at z = 0.46. In the most stable type-B CAp structure, the nearest Ca (2) ion was replaced by a sodium ion and the carbonate group was lying almost flat inb/c-plane. Of all the models considered, mixed substitution type-AB where two carbonate ions replacing one phosphate group and one hydroxyl group shows the most stable structure.
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Wolter-Steingrube, Anne, Kristine Cordsen, and Jürgen Heck. "Nucleophilic Substitution in the Nitrocobaltocenium Ion." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2017, no. 10 (March 10, 2017): 1314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201601537.
Purwono, Bambang, and Estiana E. P. Daruningsih. "NUCHLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF CYANIDE AND METHOXYDE IONS TO QUATERNARY MANNICH BASE FROM VANILLIN." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2010): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21713.
The nucleophilic substitution reaction to quaternary Mannich base from vanillin has been investigated. Mannich reaction to vanillin was carried out by refluxing mixture of vanillin, formaldehyde and dimethyl amine. Quaternary ammonium halide salt was obtained from reaction of Mannich vanillin base with methyl iodide in THF solvents and yielded 93.28%. Nucleophilic substituion to the halide salts with cyanide nucleophile produced 4-hidroxy-3-methoxy-5-(cyano)methylbenzaldehyde in 54.39% yield, with methoxyde ion obtained 4-hidroxy- 3-methoxy-5-(methoxy)-methyl-benzaldehide in 67.80% yield. The nucleophilic substitution reaction showed that substituen of trimethylamino quaternary Mannich base can act as a good leaving on nucleophilic reaction substitutions. Keywords: Mannich Reaction, Vanillin, nucleophilic substitution.
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Mihm, Ulrike, Natalia Grigorian, Christoph Welsch, Eva Herrmann, Bernd Kronenberger, Gerlinde Teuber, Michael von Wagner, et al. "Amino Acid Variations in Hepatitis C Virus P7 and Sensitivity to Antiviral Combination Therapy with Amantadine in Chronic Hepatitis C." Antiviral Therapy 11, no. 4 (May 1, 2005): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135965350601100408.
Background Formation of transmembrane ion channels by hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 and abrogation of channel function by amantadine was demonstrated in vitro. The relevance of HCV p7 amino acid (aa) variations for response to antiviral therapy with amantadine is unknown. Methods HCV p7 was sequenced in 86 individuals who were infected with HCV genotype 1. Thirty-six of 86 patients received amantadine within an interferon-α (IFN-α)-based antiviral therapy. Helical wheel modelling for HCV p7 was performed. Results No significant correlation of overall aa variations within HCV p7 was observed with response to IFN-α-based therapy with amantadine in HCV genotype 1a/b infected patients. When analysis was restricted to non-conservative aa variations, a higher number of aa substitutions within complete HCV p7 and transmem-brane helix 2 was associated with non-response in HCV-1b-infected patients receiving therapy with amantadine ( P=0.015 and P=0.037, respectively), without amantadine ( P=0.106 and P=0.118, respectively), and in the total cohort of HCV-1b-infected patients ( P=0.00007 and P=0.011, respectively). Furthermore, substitution L20F was observed more often in non-responders than responders with HCV-1b infection and therapy with amantadine ( P=0.099). By in silico modelling, aa 20 was located toward the p7 channel lumen. Substitution L20F may impair amantadine action by altering the shape of the ion channel pore. Conclusion Substitution L20F within HCV p7 may be associated with non-response to combination therapy specifically with amantadine in HCV-1b-infected patients. Non-responders with HCV-1b infection showed higher numbers of non-conservative aa variations within HCV p7 than responders, irrespective of the application of amantadine.
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Kim, Woong, Jong-Chan Jeon, Byung-Hwan An, Joo-Ha Lee, Hae-Do Kim, and Chan-Gi Park. "Effects of Reinforcing Fiber and Microsilica on the Mechanical and Chloride Ion Penetration Properties of Latex-Modified Fiber-Reinforced Rapid-Set Cement Concrete for Pavement Repair." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6839350.
This study evaluated the influence of reinforcement fiber type and microsilica content on the performance of latex-modified fiber-reinforced roller-compacted rapid-hardening cement concrete (LMFRCRSC) for a concrete pavement emergency repair. Experimental variables were the microsilica substitution ratio (1, 2, 3, and 4%), and the reinforcement fiber (jute versus macrosynthetic fiber). In the tests, compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength; chloride ion penetration resistance; and abrasion resistance were assessed. From the compressive and flexural strength tests with microsilica substitution, the 4-hour curing strength decreased as the microsilica substitution ratio increased. From the chloride ion penetration test, as the microsilica substitution ratio increased, chloride ion penetration decreased. The abrasion resistances increased with the substitution ratio of microsilica increase. Based on these test results, microsilica at a substitution ratio of 3% or less and macrosynthetic fiber as the reinforcement improved the performance of LMFRCRSC for a concrete pavement emergency repair and satisfied all of the target strength requirements.
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PETERMAN, K. E., and W. DMOWSKI. "ChemInform Abstract: Heptafluoroisopropoxide Ion in Aromatic Substitution." ChemInform 23, no. 19 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199219207.
Liu, Wei, Marissa N. Lavagnino, Colin A. Gould, Jesús Alcázar, and David W. C. MacMillan. "A biomimetic S H 2 cross-coupling mechanism for quaternary sp 3 -carbon formation." Science 374, no. 6572 (December 3, 2021): 1258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl4322.
Radical substitution Nucleophilic substitution is a venerable reaction in organic chemistry. Typically, an incoming ion delivers two electrons to a carbon center while a departing ion takes two electrons away with it. The one-electron analog, homolytic substitution, is more rarely used, in part because the incoming neutral radicals can self-couple instead of bonding to the intended target. Liu et al . report that an iron porphyrin catalyst can direct homolytic substitution between primary and tertiary carbon radicals by selectively activating the primary partners. —JSY
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Hessien, Mahmoud M., Ali Omar Turky, Abdullah K. Alanazi, Mohammed Alsawat, Mohamed H. H. Mahmoud, Nader El-Bagoury, and Mohamed M. Rashad. "Boost the Crystal Installation and Magnetic Features of Cobalt Ferrite/M-Type Strontium Ferrite Nanocomposites Double Substituted by La3+ and Sm3+ Ions (2CoFe2O4/SrFe12−2xSmxLaxO19)." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 7820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247820.
Spinel cobalt ferrite/hexagonal strontium hexaferrite (2CoFe2O4/SrFe12−2xSmxLaxO19; x = 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) nanocomposites were fabricated using the tartaric acid precursor pathway, and the effects of La3+–Sm3+ double substitution on the formation, structure, and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4/SrFe12−2xSmxLaxO19 nanocomposite at different annealing temperatures were assayed through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. A pure 2CoFe2O4/SrFe12O19 nanocomposite was obtained from the tartrate precursor complex annealed at 1100 °C for 2 h. The substitution of Fe3+ ion by Sm3–+La3+ions promoted the formation of pure 2CoFe2O4/SrFe12O19 nanocomposite at 1100 °C. The positions and intensities of the strongest peaks of hexagonal ferrite changed after Sm3+–La3+ substitution at ≤1100 °C. In addition, samples with an Sm3+–La3+ ratio of ≥1.0 annealed at 1200 °C for 2 h showed diffraction peaks for lanthanum cobalt oxide (La3Co3O8; dominant phase) and samarium ferrite (SmFeO3). The crystallite size range at all constituent phases was in the nanocrystalline range, from 39.4 nm to 122.4 nm. The average crystallite size of SrFe12O19 phase increased with the number of Sm3+–La3+ substitutions, whereas that of CoFe2O4 phase decreased with an x of up to 0.5. La–Sm co-doped ion substitution increased the saturation magnetization (Ms) value and the subrogated ratio to 0.2, and the Ms value decreased with the increasing number of double substitutions. A high saturation magnetization value (Ms = 69.6 emu/g) was obtained using a La3+–Sm3+ co-doped ratio of 0.2 at 1200 for 2 h, and a high coercive force value (Hc = 1192.0 Oe) was acquired using the same ratio at 1000 °C.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ion substitution":
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Dolliver, Debra D. "Mechanisms of Methoxide Ion Substitution and Acid- Catalyzed Z/E Isomerization of N-Methoxyimines." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3017/.
The second order rate constants for nucleophilic substitution by methoxide of (Z)- and (E)-O-methylbenzohydroximoyl fluorides [C6H4C(F)=NOCH3] with various substituents on the phenyl ring [p-OCH3 (1h, 2h), p-CH3 (1g, 2g), p-Cl (1f, 2f), p-H (1e, 2e), (3,5)-bis-CF3 (1i, 2i)] in 90:10 DMSO:MeOH have been measured. A Hammett plot of these rate constants vs σ values gave positive ρ values of 2.95 (Z isomer) and 3.29 (E isomer). Comparison of these rates with methoxide substitution rates for Omethylbenzohydroximoyl bromide [C6H4C(Br)=NOCH3] and Omethylbenzohydroximoyl chloride [C6H4C(Cl)=NOCH3] reveal an element effect for the Z isomers of Br:Cl:F(1e) = 2.21:1.00:79.7 and for the E isomers of Cl:F(2e) = 1.00:18.3. With the p-OCH3-imidoyl halides the following element effects are found: Br:Cl:F(1h) = 2.78:1.00:73.1 for the Z isomer and Br:Cl:F(2h) = 1.97:1.00:12.1 for the E isomer. Measurement of activation parameters revealed ∆S≠ = -17 eu for 1e and ∆S≠ = -9.9 eu for 2e. Ab initio calculations (HF/6-31+G*, MP2/6-31+G*//HF/6-31+G*, B3LYP/6- 31+G*//HF/6-31+G*, HF-SCIPCM/6-31+G*//HF/6-31+G*) were performed to define the reaction surface. These calculations demonstrate a relatively large barrier for nucleophilic attack in relation to halogen loss and support the experimental findings that this reaction proceeds by an addition-elimination mechanism (AN# + DN). The imidoyl fluorides have been used to synthesize highly functionalized O-methyloximes by reaction with enolate anions derived from malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, and diethyl malonate. Acid-catalyzed isomerization of compounds containing the O-methyloxime moiety have been investigated with ab initio calculations (HF/6-31+G*, MP2/6- 31+G*//HF/6-31+G*, B3LYP/6-31+G*//HF/6-31+G*). Barriers for rotation around the C-N bond following protonation have been calculated. The calculated barriers are discussed in relation to an isomerization mechanism of protonation-rotation versus a nucleophilic catalysis.
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Modekrutti, Subrahmanyam. "UNHINDERED TRIANGULENE SALT PAIRS: SUBSTITUTION-DEPENDENT CONTACT ION PAIRING AND COMPLEX SOLVENT-SEPARATED DISCOTIC IONS IN SOLUTION." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/50.
This work sought to enforce aromatic interactions between compatible π-molecular orbital systems with ionic bonding. In this case the interacting partners are oppositely charged discotic triangulene derivatives. The observed properties of the heterodimeric ion-pairs likely arise due to a hypothetical synergy between electrostatics and π-interactions. The work presented here describes investigation of putative covalency arising from this hypothetical synergy in the electrostatics driven π-stacking. In order to probe this, various hypotheses were made and experiments were designed to test their validity. The results from the experiments show existence of contact ion-pairs and complex solvent-separated discotic ions in solution. The formation of complex ion-pairs arise due to the fact that the electrostatic interaction that brings the discotic ions together is strong, but does not neutralize when the contact is made. So, the dipole created by the monopoles in a dimeric contact ion-pair can attract ions at both termini forming oligomers. This process apparently continues towards highly aggregated states and then to nanometric species and at some point the material precipitates. The propensity to aggregate and form complex-ions limited our approach to the measurement of the energetics of the ion-pairing for two reasons: (1) the observables had a complex dependence on temperature, solvent, concentration and ionic strength; and (2) the mass in solution was undergoing kinetic evolution towards solid states. The turbidimetric effects arising due to aggregate formation further complicated the extraction of weak interactions between the ions and hence effects determination of ion-pairing constants.
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Anke, B., T. Bredow, J. Soldat, M. Wark, and M. Lerch. "Band Gap Engineering in Photocatalysts by Anion Substitution: from Ba3Ta5O15 to Ba3Ta5O14N." Diffusion fundamentals 21 (2014) 13, S.1, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32421.
Leeming, S. W. "An investigation of those structural features necessary for copper-promoted nucleophilic substitution of aromatic halogen compounds by cyanide ion." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373239.
Hayes, Roger Nicholas. "A study of some gas phase nucleophilic substitution reactions of carbon, silicon and boron by ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phH418.pdf.
Kwakye-Awuah, Bright. "Production of silver-loaded zeolites and investigation of their antimicrobial activity." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/57733.
The production of silver-loaded zeolites either by ion exchange method or by isomorphous substitution of silver ions into zeolites frameworks and their antimicrobial activity is presented. Silver-loaded zeolites produced by ion-exchange in this work include silver-exchanged zeolite X, silver-exchanged zeolite A and silver-exchanged high-alumina Phillipsite. Silver-doped Analcime was produced by isomorphous substitution of silver ions into the Analcime framework. The silver-loaded zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, particle size analysis and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Studies showed that the amount of silver ions loaded into the zeolites frameworks differed for each zeolite. XRD analysis showed little or no changes in the phase purity of all zeolites before and after ion exchange or before and after substitution of silver ions. SEM analysis and particle size analysis showed that the morphology of each zeolite particles was closely related before and after ion exchanged or before and after substitution of silver ions. The antimicrobial activity of these silver-loaded zeolites was investigated by exposing Escherichia coli K12W-T, Staphylococcus aureus NCIMB6571 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIMB8295 suspended in tryptone soya broth (TSB) to the silver-loaded zeolites. The first stage of the investigation involved the exposure of the strains to silver-loaded zeolites in TSB for a duration of 24 hours at different concentration of silver-loaded zeolites. The second stage involved the exposure of the strains to silver-loaded zeolites in TSB over a period of two hours. The persistency of antimicrobial activity of silver-loaded zeolites was investigated by retrieving each silver-loaded zeolite from the first exposure cultures, washed copiously with de-ionised water and adding to fresh bacterial suspensions. To understand the mode of antimicrobial activity of the silver-loaded zeolites, the uptake of silver ions by the strains, composition of fatty acid, as well as the DNA content of Escherichia coli K12W-T was studied. The results obtained showed silver ions appeared to elute from the zeolites frameworks into the TSB in anomalous trend. All three microorganisms were completely inhibited within one hour with the silver-loaded zeolites retaining their antimicrobial activity. The release of silver ions from the zeolites frameworks followed first-order kinetics with varying rate constants and half-lives. The fatty acid composition of all strains as well as the DNA content of Escherichia coli K12W-T were affected by the action of silver ions.
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Louchet, Caroline. "Contribution à l'étude des phases LixNiO2 utilisées comme matériaux d'électrode positive pour batteries lithium-ion : effet de la substitution du magnésium au nickel." Bordeaux 1, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01187727.
Le nickelate de lithium LiNiO2 est l'un des candidats les plus adaptés pour être utilisé comme matériau d'électrode positive dans les batteries lithium-ion. Une étude détaillée du système LixNiO2 a permis de déterminer les mécanismes structuraux et texturaux qui sont mis en jeu pour les forts taux de desintercalation électrochimique (x ≤ 0. 30) et qui sont probablement fortement corrélés au vieillissement électrochimique du matériau. L’influence de la substitution partielle du magnésium au nickel sur les propriétés structurales et électrochimiques des phases LiNi1-yMgyO2 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0. 20) a également été étudiée. Une analyse précise par diffraction des rayons x a montré que les ions magnésium présents dans le feuillet du matériau initial migrent dans l'espace inter feuillet au cours du cyclage. Cette évolution structurale a été corrélée au très bon comportement électrochimique de ces matériaux substitués LiNiO2 is considered as a promising positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries. A detailled study was performed on the LixNiO2 system to elucidate structural and textural evolutions which occur for high-deintercalation rate (x ≤ 0. 30). .
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MacMillar, Susanna. "Isotopes as Mechanism Spies : Nucleophilic Bimolecular Substitution and Monoamine Oxidase B Catalysed Amine Oxidation Probed with Heavy Atom Kinetic Isotope Effects." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis (AUU), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7441.
Гапон, В. І. "Застосування інструментальних методів для дослідження властивостей біоматеріалів на основі ортофосфатів кальцію." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/70974.
Об’єктом даного дослідження є альгінат-та хітозан-апатитні матеріали з включенням іонів металів. Метою роботи є вивчення структури кісткової тканини, дослідження композитів на основі полімерів і гідроксиапатиту та можливість їх застосування в медицині.
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Chamseddine, Yssam. "Sondes mecanistiques chirales et/ou regioselectivement deuteriees : application a l'etude de quelques processus de substitution nucleophile." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066133.
Céspedes, Ennio Rodríguez. Costa Rica: Policies and conditions for export diversification. Helsinki: UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1998.
Weeks, Dennis L. Steps toward salvation: An examination of coinherence and substitution in the seven novels of Charles Williams. New York: P. Lang, 1991.
Céspedes, Ennio Rodríguez. Costa Rica: Policies and conditions for export diversification. Helsinki: UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research, 1998.
Satellite Symposium 3 on Ceramics in Substitutive and Reconstructive Surgery (1990 Montecatini Terme, Italy). Ceramics in substitutive and reconstructive surgery: Proceedings of the Satellite Symposium 3 on Ceramics in Substitutive and Reconstructive Surgery of the 7th International Meeting on Modern Ceramics Technologies (7th CIMTEC - World Ceramics Congress), Montecatini Terme, Italy, 27-30 June 1990. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.
Worm, Heinz-Lothar. Karl Mays Helden, ihre Substituten und Antagonisten: Tiefenpsychologisches, Biographisches, Psychopathologisches und Autotherapeutisches im Werk Karl Mays am Beispiel der ersten drei Bände des Orientromanzyklus. Paderborn: Igel Verlag, 1992.
Canada, Canada Santé. Les nouvelles techniques de reproduction et de génétique: Fixer des limites et protéger la santé. Ottawa, Ont: Santé Canada, 1996.
Baer, Werner. Brazil’s Import-Substitution Industrialization. Edited by Edmund Amann, Carlos R. Azzoni, and Werner Baer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499983.013.5.
This chapter examines the development of Brazil’s inward-oriented industrialization strategy, commonly termed “import-substitution industrialization” (ISI). Originating in the 1930s under the corporatist administration of Getúlio Vargas, by the 1960s the strategy had succeeded in transforming the structure of the Brazilian economy, turning it into a major industrial powerhouse. Successful though the strategy initially was in promoting growth and structural change, it nevertheless suffered from inherent flaws, notably its heavy reliance on imported inputs and a failure to produce and export efficient industrial sector. This chapter considers the achievements and failings of ISI in some detail and also discusses the results of attempts to reintroduce the strategy on a limited scale in the first decade of the 2000s.
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Macpherson, Fiona, ed. Sensory Substitution and Augmentation. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266441.001.0001.
Sensory substitution and augmentation devices are built to try to replace or enhance one sense by using another sense. For example, in tactile–vision, stimulation of the skin driven by input to a camera is used to replace the ordinary sense of vision that uses our eyes. The feelSpace belt aims to give people a magnetic sense of direction using vibrotactile stimulation driven by a digital compass. This volume brings together researchers—neuroscientists, psychologists and philosophers—who are developing these technologies, studying the minds and behaviour of subjects who use them. There is a particular focus on the nature of the perceptual experiences, the sensory interactions, and the changes that take place in the mind and brain over time that occur while using and training to use these technologies. Essays address the nature, limits and possibilities of sensory substitution and augmentation, how they might be used to help those with sensory impairments, and what they can tell us about perception and perceptual experience in general.
Xia, Wei, Carl Lindahl, Anders Palmquist, and Håkan Engqvist. "Apatite Coatings: Ion Substitution and Biological Properties." In Advances in Bioceramics and Porous Ceramics VI, 27–34. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118807811.ch2.
Song, C. X., You Na Wu, and Zhao Xian Xiong. "Modification of Ce-Doped YAG Phosphor with Flux and Ion Substitution." In Key Engineering Materials, 607–9. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.607.
Quiroz, Pamela, Bernd Halbedel, Angel Bustamante, and Juan C. González. "Effect of titanium ion substitution in the barium hexaferrite studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction." In LACAME 2010, 97–106. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4301-4_13.
Mast, Jeffrey, Roland Jakob, and Reinhold Ganz. "Substitution." In Planning and Reduction Technique in Fracture Surgery, 201–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61306-7_5.
Bruce, Michael I., Brian K. Nicholson, Michael L. Williams, Thérèse Arliguie, and Guy Lavigne. "Tri- and Tetranuclear Carbonyl-Ruthenium Cluster Complexes Containing Isocyanide, Tertiary Phosphine, and Phosphite Ligands. Radical Ion-Initiated Substitution of Metal Cluster Carbonyl Complexes Under Mild Conditions." In Inorganic Syntheses, 271–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132579.ch48.
Bruce, Michael I., Brian K. Nicholson, Michael L. Williams, Thérèse Arliguie, and Guy Lavigne. "Tri- and Tetranuclear Carbonyl-Ruthenium Cluster Complexes Containing Isocyanide, Tertiary Phosphine, and Phosphite Ligands. Radical Ion-Initiated Substitution of Metal Cluster Carbonyl Complexes Under Mild Conditions." In Inorganic Syntheses, 221–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132593.ch56.
Brodersen, Christina, Susanne Bødker, and Clemens Nylandsted Klokmose. "Ubiquitous Substitution." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 179–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74796-3_18.
Verrillo, Ronald T. "Sensory Substitution." In Handbook of Signal Processing in Acoustics, 1231–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30441-0_64.
Soyer, Tutku. "Colonic Substitution." In Esophageal Preservation and Replacement in Children, 173–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77098-3_15.
Conference papers on the topic "Ion substitution":
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Sharmin, Sonia, Toshio Ono, and Hidekazu Tanaka. "Ion Substitution Effect on the Distorted Kagome Lattice of A2Cu3SnF12." In Proceedings of the International Symposium “Nanoscience and Quantum Physics 2012” (nanoPHYS’12). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.4.011008.
Kato, Harukazu, Takashi Nishioka, and Masahiro Matsumura. "An NQR Study of A′Cu3Ru4O12: Effect of the A′-Ion Substitution." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES2013). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.3.011058.
Wang, Jianhong, Li He, and Hongbin Pu. "Enhanced Breakdown Strength by Ion Substitution in Lead-free BaTi0.895Sn0.105O3–based Ceramics." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2019.8754085.
Roy, Supriya, P. Padma Kumar, Alka B. Garg, R. Mittal, and R. Mukhopadhyay. "Monte Carlo Investigation of Structural Changes in NZP Skeleton on Alkali Ion Substitution." In SOLID STATE PHYSICS, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 55TH DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2010. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3605763.
Marahat, Muhammad Hanif, Mohamad Abdul Aziz Zahari, Hasmaliza Mohamad, and Shah Rizal Kasim. "Effect of magnesium ion (Mg2+) substitution and calcination to the properties of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)." In MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION USING X-RAYS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5089373.
Islam, Saiful. "Atomic-Scale Insights into Lead and Tin Perovskite Materials: Ion Transport, Cation Substitution & Degradation Mechanisms." In nanoGe Fall Meeting 2021. València: Fundació Scito, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2021.133.
Lestariningsih, Titik, Etty Marty Wigayati, Qolby Sabrina, Bambang Prihandoko, and Slamet Priyono. "The effect of Li2CO3 substitution on synthesis of LiBOB compounds as salt of electrolyte battery lithium ion." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (ICOMMET 2017) : Advancing Innovation in Materials Science, Technology and Applications for Sustainable Future. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5030250.
Moossa, Buzaina, Jeffin James Abraham, Ramazan Kahraman, Siham Al Qaradawi, and Rana Abdul Shakoor. "Synthesis & Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Cathode Materials for Energy Storage." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0045.
Research into the development of novel cathode materials for energy storage applications is progressing at a rapid rate to meet the ever-growing demands of modern society. Amongst various options, batteries are playing a vital role to replace conventional energy sources such as fossil fuels with green technologies. Among various battery technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been well explored and have succeeded in being adjusted with find many commercial applications. At the same time, as an alternative to LIBs, Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs) are also gaining popularity due to the presence of Sodium (Na) in abundance and its similar electrochemical characteristics with lithium (Li). However, SIBs are suffering from many challenges such as slow ionic movement, instability in different phases, and low energy density, etc. Many strategies in the literature have been proposed to address the aforementioned challenges of SIBs. Among them, the substitution of Na with Li to form hybrid cathode materials has turned out to be quite promising. The present work aims to investigate the effect of Na substitution with Li in a pyrophosphate framework. Towards this direction, Na(2-x) LixFeP2O7 (x=0,0.6) hybrid cathode materials were synthesized, and their structural, thermal, and electrochemical properties were studied. It is noticed that the incorporation of Li in the triclinic structure of Na2FeP2O7 has a significant effect on its thermal and electrochemical performance. This study can be considered as a baseline to develop some other pyrophosphate-based high-performance hybrid cathode materials.
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Gordillo, G., L. Herrera, C. A. Otalora, C. L. Calderon, and C. A. Quinones. "Impact of antisolvent treatment and of the substitution of the ion FA by the ion Cs on the properties of CsXFA1-XPbI3 films prepared by spin coating." In 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc40753.2019.8981366.
Hayashi, Kento, Katsuya Ishii, Fumitoshi Iga, Tomoaki Noguchi, Toshiro Takabatake, Akihiro Kondo, and Kouichi Kindo. "Substitution Effect of Non-magnetic Rare-earth ion R (R = Lu, Sc, Y and Zr) of Kondo Semiconductor YbB12." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES2013). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.3.011050.
Archsmith, James, Kenneth Gillingham, Christopher Knittel, and David Rapson. Attribute Substitution in Household Vehicle Portfolios. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23856.
Young, Alwyn. Substitution and Complementarity in Endogenous Innovation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4256.
Gandhi, Amit, and Jean-François Houde. Measuring Substitution Patterns in Differentiated-Products Industries. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26375.
Hall, Robert. Substitution over Time in Work and Consumption. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2789.
Andrés, Javier, J. David López-Salido, and Edward Nelson. Tobin's Imperfect Asset Substitution in Optimizing General Equilibrium. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2004.003.
SAPOZHNIKOVA, S. M., and N. V. REICHERT. CONDITIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2022-11-2-3-27-37.
The article discusses different modern points of view on the problem of import substitution in the domestic agro-industrial complex. The authors outlined the necessary conditions for the implementation of import substitution in the seed sector: the creation of specialized companies for the selection of seed varieties necessary for agribusiness and a special agrarian zone, where a complete production chain will be organized from seed selection to their sale, as well as support and assistance in the form of subsidies from the state.
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Bedoya-Maya, Felipe, Lynn Scholl, Orlando Sabogal-Cardona, and Daniel Oviedo. Who uses Transport Network Companies?: Characterization of Demand and its Relationship with Public Transit in Medellín. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003621.
Transport Network Companies (TNCs) have become a popular alternative for mobility due to their ability to provide on-demand flexible mobility services. By offering smartphone-based, ride-hailing services capable of satisfying specific travel needs, these modes have transformed urban mobility worldwide. However, to-date, few studies have examined the impacts in the Latin American context. This analysis is a critical first step in developing policies to promote efficient and sustainable transport systems in the Latin-American region. This research examines the factors affecting the adoption of on-demand ride services in Medellín, Colombia. It also explores whether these are substituting or competing with public transit. First, it provides a descriptive analysis in which we relate the usage of platform-based services with neighborhood characteristics, socioeconomic information of individuals and families, and trip-level details. Next, factors contributing to the election of platform-based services modeled using discrete choice models. The results show that wealthy and highly educated families with low vehicle availability are more likely to use TNCs compared to other groups in Medellín. Evidence also points at gender effects, with being female significantly increasing the probability of using a TNC service. Finally, we observe both transit complementary and substitution patterns of use, depending on the context and by whom the service is requested.
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Cawley, John, David Grabowski, and Richard Hirth. Factor Substitution and Unobserved Factor Quality in Nursing Homes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10465.
Blonigen, Bruce. In Search of Substitution Between Foreign Production and Exports. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7154.
Irwin, Douglas. Did Import Substitution Promote Growth in the Late Nineteenth Century? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8751.
