Journal articles: 'Ionic condition'

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Li, Xuan, and Yue Zhang. "Experimental study on interface friction between geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) and geomembrane under different hydration conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123703030.

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The interfacial friction properties of GCL and geomembrane under different hydration conditions are discussed. In addition, the ionic solubility of hydration solution, the size of hydration normal stress and test conditions will affect the shear strength of GCL. In this paper, the friction properties of GCL upper geotextile and geomembrane interface are discussed from the following aspects: ① hydration solutions with different ionic concentrations (deionized water, 0.05mol/l CaCl2 solution and 1: 1 ethanol solution by volume); ② different types of hydration solutions (0.05mol/l CaCl2 solution and 1: 1 ethanol solution by volume); ③ different hydration normal stress conditions (pressureless hydration condition, 5kPa hydration condition and 10kPa hydration condition).

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Hao, Yan, Ting Ting Li, Xue Lian Ma, and Gui Bao Guo. "Dissolution Condition Effect on Cellulose in Ionic Liquid and the Recycling of Ionic Liquid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5207.

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Recently, room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been widely used in dissolution, homogeneous modification of cellulose. Cellulose only could be dissolved in RTILs at elevated temperature. Herein, effect of dissolution condition on microcrystalline cellulose in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) ionic liquid was studied. The results indicated that the degree of polymerization (DP) of regenerated cellulose decreased from 161 to 83 with the increasing of dissolution temperature in the range of 70 °C to 110 °C, whereas the DP was affected by dissolution time slightly. Moreover, after dissolution [Bmim]Cl could be recycled by distillation and vacuum drying. The recycled [Bmim]Cl also had good dissolving capability of cellulose, and its FTIR spectra was similar to that of original [Bmim]Cl.

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Wang, Chunli, Xiaoyu Yang, Jiangang He, Fangxin Wei, Zhong Zheng, and Chunli Liu. "The diffusion of 75Se(IV) in Beishan granite – temperature, oxygen condition and ionic strength effects." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 1 (2018): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-2969.

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Abstract To explore the diffusion behavior of 75Se(IV) in Beishan granite (BsG), the influences of temperature, oxygen condition and ionic strength were investigated using the through-diffusion experimental method. The effective diffusion coefficient De of 75Se(IV) in BsG varied from 4.21×10−14 m2/s to 3.19×10−13 m2/s in our experimental conditions, increased with increasing temperature. The formation factor Ff of BsG was calculated to be nearly constant in the range of temperatures investigated, suggesting that the inner structure of BsG had no significant change in the temperature range of 20–55°C. Meanwhile, the De values of 75Se(IV) in BsG under anaerobic condition was significantly larger than that under aerobic condition, which may be attributed to the difference in the sorption characteristics and species distribution of Se and pH values. Moreover, the diffusion of 75Se(IV) was promoted with ionic strength increased from 0.01 M to 0.1 M, and then decreased at 0.5 M, mainly due to the combined effects of reduced double layers with increased ionic strength and increase of the solution viscosity at higher ionic strength.

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Wang, Qiang, Guo Bi Li, Peng Cheng, Shi Dong Wang, and Shu Liang Zang. "Synthesis and Preparation of Desulfurization Concerned Naphthenic Acid Type Ionic Liquid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.224.

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This paper describes the types and characteristics of ionic liquids, synthesis and application of ionic liquids in chemical and environmental applications, and naphthenic acid corrosion problems and research on ionic liquids are organically combined together, using properties, good stability and easy separating from crude oil, of ionic liquid generated by imidazole and naphthenic acid, exploring the ionic liquid deacidification process conditions and acid removal effect. The naphthenic acid and imidazole react in acetone solvent, synthesis a series of ionic liquids in different reaction ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and stirring speed conditions,makesome physical measurements and calculation of the yield of these ionic liquids and. The results show that, in naphthenic acid and imidazole molar ratio of 1:1, reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 7h, stirring speed 400R / min, stand half hour after reaction, the yield of naphthenic acid type ionic liquid is maximum, namely, the deacidification effect is best. At the same time measured in the ionic liquid density is 1.179g / mL, and pH is 5.8. Obtained optimum synthesis condition of naphthenic acid type ionic liquid, greatly improving the deacidification rate of high acid crude oil, more importantly, the method does not cause any pollution to the environment.

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Kawada, Shouhei, Seiya Watanabe, Shinya Sasaki, and Masaaki Miyatake. "Evaluation of Friction Behavior and Surface Interactions of Cyano-Based Ionic Liquids under Different Sliding Contacts and High Vacuum Condition." Lubricants 6, no. 3 (2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants6030069.

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The friction coefficients of ionic liquids were evaluated by many investigations. Most investigations used fluorine-based ionic liquids as lubricants. However, these ionic liquids produce the corrosion wear. This investigation focuses on the use of cyano-based ionic liquids as lubricants. Compared to fluorine-based ionic liquids, cyano-based ionic liquids exhibit high friction coefficients against steel material. This work examines how the friction coefficients of cyano-based ionic liquids are influenced by the type of sliding material used (AISI 52100, TiO2, and tetrahedral amorphous carbon). TiO2 lubricated with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide, and ta-C lubricated with 1-butyl-1methylpyrrolidinium tetracyanoborate exhibited very low friction coefficients, smaller than fluorine-based ionic liquids. Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry analysis showed that anions adsorb onto the worn surface, suggesting that anion adsorption is a critical parameter influencing friction coefficients. Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry measurements revealed that cations decompose on the nascent surface, preventing adsorption on the worn surface. These results suggest that low friction coefficients require the decomposition of cations and adsorption of anions. The reactivity of nascent surface changes with the sliding material used due to varying catalytic activity of the nascent surfaces.

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Bielejewski, M., A. Rachocki, J. Kaszyńska, and J. Tritt-Goc. "The gelation influence on diffusion and conductivity enhancement effect in renewable ionic gels based on a LMWG." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 8 (2018): 5803–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07740h.

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Muranaka, Yosuke, Tatsuya Suzuki, Isao Hasegawa, and Kazuhiro Mae. "Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass under Mild Condition Using Ionic Liquid." Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 48, no. 9 (2015): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.14we363.

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Watanabe, Seiya, Koji Takiwatari, Miki Nakano, Koji Miyake, Ryo Tsuboi, and Shinya Sasaki. "Molecular Behavior of Room-temperature Ionic Liquids under Lubricating Condition." Tribology Letters 51, no. 2 (2013): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0130-1.

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9

Han, Dong Hui, Xiao Yi Wei, Ji Hua Li, et al. "An Orthogonal Experiment of Bagasse Cellulose Dissolution in Ionic Liquid by Microwave Heating." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.676.

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In this paper, bagasse cellulose was dissolved in ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) by microwave heating. The orthogonal test and variance analysis were applied to obtain the optimum dissolution condition of bagasse in ionic liquid. The effects of microwave power, temperature and the mass fraction of cellulose were examined by an orthogonal experiment designed through the different dissolution time and the yield of regeneration bagasse. Results showed that the optimal dissolution condition for faster dissolution time was 1% of bagasse cellulose in ionic liquid at 140°C, 500W; while, to get the most yield of cellulose, the condition was 2% of bagasse cellulose at 130°C, 500W.

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Yuan, Dan Dan, Bin Bin Yuan, Hua Song, Rui Xia Niu, and Yan Xiu Liu. "Electrochemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide for Synthesis Dimethyl Carbonate in Ionic Liquid BMimBr." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 1180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.1180.

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In the one compartment electrochemical cell equipped with platinum electrodes electrochemical fixation carbon dioxide was conducted under ambient conditions. Ionic liquid BMimBr is supporting electrolyte. The aimed product dimethyl carbonate was electrosynthesized in a dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids-propylene oxide-methanol system under normal temperature and pressure. The result indicated that the highest yield of 37.8 % was obtained in the condition of working temperature 30 °C, electrolytic voltage 5.5 V, the mass of CH3OH 0.484 mol, propylene oxide 0.052 mol and bmimBr 0.059 mol.

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Susan, A. B. H., S. Saha, S. Ahmed, F. Begum, M. M. Rahman, and M. Y. A. Mollah. "Electrodeposition of cobalt from a hydrophilic ionic liquid at ambient condition." Materials Research Innovations 16, no. 5 (2012): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1433075x11y.0000000070.

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Okura, Toshinori, Hideki Monma, and Kimihiro Yamashita. "Superionic conducting Na5SmSi4O12-type glass-ceramics: Crystallization condition and ionic conductivity." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 26, no. 4-5 (2006): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.07.029.

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13

Quero, Gastón, Lucía Gutíerrez, Ramiro Lascano, Jorge Monza, Niels Sandal, and Omar Borsani. "Identification of QTLs for shoot and root growth under ionic–osmotic stress in Lotus, using a RIL population." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 2 (2014): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13222.

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The genus Lotus includes a group of forage legume species including genotypes of agronomic interest and model species. In this work, an experimental hydroponic growth system allowed the discrimination of growth responses to ionic–osmotic stress in a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from L. japonicus × L. burttii and the identification of the associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The analyses led to the identification of eight QTLs: three for shoot growth localised on chromosome 3, 5 and 6; one for root growth on chromosome 1; three for total growth on chromosome 1, 4 and 5; and one associated with shoot/root ratio on chromosome 3. An interaction of QTL × stress condition was established and the effect of the environment quantified. In summary, it was established that the allele from L. burttii explained most responses to osmotic stress, while the alleles of L. japonicus explained the responses related to ionic stress conditions. Of 49 markers linked to all QTLs identified, 41 expressed superiority of the L. burttii parental allele in the osmotic stress condition, but when an iso-osmotic concentration of NaCl was applied, L. burttii lost superiority in 21 of these markers. This shows the superiority of the L. japonicus parental allele in ionic stress conditions. This study is the first report in which a RIL population of lotus is analysed with the aim of providing molecular markers associated with plant responses to ionic or osmotic stress.

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Vinković, Tomislav, Ivna Štolfa-Čamagajevac, Monika Tkalec, Walter Goessler, Darija Domazet-Jurašin, and Ivana Vinković-Vrček. "Does plant growing condition affects biodistribution and biological effects of silver nanoparticles?" Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 16, no. 4 (2019): e0803. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2018164-13580.

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Among the many different types, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most commercialized and applied engineered nanoparticles in a wide range of areas, including agriculture. Despite numerous studies on their safety and toxicity of AgNPs, data on their effect and interactions with terrestrial plants are largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of growing conditions on the response of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) to citrate-coated AgNPs. Growth parameters, biodistribution, and defence response were examined in peppers grown hydroponically or in soil substrate. In addition, the effects of nano and ionic form of silver were compared. The leaves and stems of peppers grown in substrate showed a higher bioaccumulation compared to hydroponically cultivated plants. The nano form of silver accumulated to a higher extent than ionic form in both leaves and stems. Both silver forms inhibited pepper growth to a very similar extent either through hydroponic or substrate growing settings. Unlike other studies, which investigated the effects of unrealistically high doses of AgNPs on different plant species, this study revealed that vascular plants are also susceptible to very low doses of AgNPs. Both silver forms affected all parameters used to evaluate oxidative stress response in pepper leaves; plant pigment and total phenolics contents were decreased, while lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide lever were increased in treated plants. Similar biological effects of both nano and ionic Ag forms were observed for both substrate and hydroponic growing systems.

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Zhang, Zhe, Yi He Li, Hua Xiao, Chi Zhou Tu, and Chun Hua Wang. "Synthesis of Functional Ionic Liquids by Thermal Heating and Ultrasonic-Assisted Methods." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.326.

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1-(2-Methacryloyloxy)ethyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide, a kind of functional ionic liquid containing ester group, was synthesized by two synthesis methods, denoted as thermal heating method and ultrasonic-assisted method. The optimal synthesis condition of the thermal heating method is discussed. Comparison of the two methods shows that ultrasound significantly enhances the efficiency of the reaction. The ultrasonic-assisted method is quite promising in synthesis of ionic liquids with mild condition and high efficiency.

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El-Sinawi, Abdulaziz, Karthik Silaipillayarputhur, Tawfiq Al-Mughanam, and Christopher Hardacre. "Performance of Ionic Liquid-Water Mixtures in an Acetone Cooling Application." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (2021): 2949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052949.

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In this work, the performance of selected ionic liquid-water mixtures was investigated for an acetone cooling application in a process plant using a double pipe heat exchanger. Cooling media such as river water and ionic liquid-water mixtures were compared, specifically water-saturated quaternary phosphonium-based carboxylate ionic liquids were considered in this work. Ionic liquids generally have high thermal stability, resist degradation, and provide higher temperatures at low vapor pressures and for these reasons, ionic liquids can be a good substitute for conventional heat transfer fluids. At each condition, the performance of the ionic liquid mixture was compared with that of water. For the designated cooling application, the performance of water was much better than the ionic liquid mixtures.

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Ndruru, Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo, Deana Wahyuningrum, Bunbun Bundjali, and I. Made Arcana. "Green Synthesis of [EMIm]Ac Ionic Liquid for Plasticizing MC-based Biopolymer Electrolyte Membranes." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 14, no. 2 (2019): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.2.3074.345-357.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are favorable power source devices at the last two decades, owing to high energy density, rechargeable, long life cycle, portable, safe, rechargeable, good performance and friendly environment. To support their development, in this research has been successfully prepared polymer electrolyte membrane, a main component of LIBs, based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIm]Ac) ionic liquid-plasticized methyl cellulose/lithium perchlorate (MC/LiClO4). [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid was easy synthesized by metathesis reaction between 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([EMIm]Br) ionic liquid and potassium acetate (CH3COOK) at ambient temperature, for 1 hour. [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid was functional groups analyzed with Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) and structural analyzed with 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 13C-NMR. [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid-plasticized MC/LiClO4 biopolymer electrolyte membrane was prepared by casting solution, with [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid content, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% (w/w). Effect of 15% (w/w) [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid incorporation to MC/LiClO4 showed the best condition and selected as the optimum condition with conductivity, tensile strength, elongation break, and thermal stability of 9.160×10-3 S.cm-1, 24.19 MPa, 36.43%, ~256 and ~370 ºC, respectively. These results confirm that [EMIm]Ac ionic liquid can plasticize biopolymer electrolyte membranes of MC/LiClO4 to be appealing performances to fulfill the LIB’s separator requirement. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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Kazmi, Bilal, Awan Zahoor, Hashmi Saud, and Zafar Khan Ghouri. "Desulfurization Of The Dibenzothiophene (DBT) By Using Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids(Ils)." Materials Physics and Chemistry 1, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/mpc.v1i2.571.

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In this work we examined the industrial scale extraction process of ultra-low sulfur diesel with the help of simulation software ASPEN Plus®. This work focuses on the [Cnmim] [BF4] (imidazolium-based) ionic liquid and employed it in the extractive desulfurization of the dibenzothiophene (DBT) from the model diesel fuel under a very mild process condition. UNIFAC (uniquasi functional activity) was chosen as the thermodynamic method to model the ionic liquid on ASPEN Plus® and different physical and chemical properties were then taken from the literature to be incorporated in the simulation model. Different parametric analysis was studied for the removal of thiophene-based compounds from the model diesel. The results acquired shows the significance of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) for the extraction of S-contents from the liquid fuels at an optimal process conditions of 40 ℃ and 2 bar pressure with the 2.8: 1 ratio of ionic liquid and model diesel which validates the experimental results obtained previously in the literature.

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Liu, Yi Lu, Jie Yang, and Dong Dong Song. "The Performance Research of TiO₂ Electrode Prepared with Ionic Liquid and Ultrasonic Resonance." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2295.

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With the medium of triethanolamine acetate ionic liquids and the help of cavitation effect of ultrasonic resonance, the TiO2 collosol is prepared by the sol-gel method and being loaded on nickel foam. The TiO2 electrodes are formed by calcinating at the high temperature. The results show that the optimal electrodes can be obtained with the medium of triethanolamine acetate ionic liquids, under the condition of high power ultrasound resonance for 15 minutes, the ionic liquid volume of 3 mL and the calcination temperature of 400 °C. After the wastewater is processed by photoelectric catalysis under the conditions of electrolysis voltage of 12V, electrode spacing of 1 cm, wastewater pH of 4 and illumination time of 90 minutes, the COD removal rate can reach 63.5%, while the decolorization rate can reach 93.6%.

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Mendes, Elton, Elidio Angioletto, Erlon Mendes, et al. "Kinetics Modelling of the Adsorption Process of Zinc Ions by Glass Microparticles." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.556.

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The oligodynamic property is a lethal effect which some atoms exert over bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms. The oligodynamic property can be promoted by glass microparticles doped by zinc ionic specimens utilizing the ionic exchange processes. This study is aimed at modelling the behavior of adsorption mechanisms of the zinc ions on glass microparticles absorbent, with potential use as antimicrobial material. Aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate were used as the ionic supplying of zinc ions. The amount of zinc adsorbed on the glass was determined by spectroscopy of atomic absorption and with a mass balance analysis for each adsorption conditions. The experimental data were modeled by three Eq.s employed in adsorption kinetics studies: pseudo first order, pseudo second order and Elovich Eq.. The pseudo second order data model presented the better adjust condition. A sample of zinc glass microparticles, prepared at the finest conditions established by the kinetic model of pseudo second order, was submitted to microbiological analysis: agar diffusion test with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and with Candida albicans. The glass doped with ionic zinc inhibited the growth of microorganisms in every conducted analysis.

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Long, Zhao Zhi, and Fei Lu. "A Method to Calculate the Electric Field and Ion Current Density at Ground Level for HVDC Transmission Lines during Rain Weather." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 1254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.1254.

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HVDC transmission lines can generate an effect on the environment nearby due to the electric field and the ion current density after the corona occurs, so the calculation of ionic flow field is significant to transmission lines design and electromagnetic analysis. However, there is no effective method to calculate the characteristic parameters of ionic flow field under rainy condition. Based on Deutschs assumption, a calculational method is proposed with considering the effects of raindrops on ionic flow field. In the method, the space-charge-free electric field distortion caused by raindrops is especially considered, and the charged raindrops are seen as a charge background of transmission lines. The field strengths and ion current densities calculated using this method are compared with the experimental results in the published literature, it shows that the method is effective and accurate enough under fair and rainy conditions.

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Majumdar, Swapan, Jhinuk De, Jewel Hossain, and Ajoy Basak. "Formylation of amines catalysed by protic ionic liquids under solvent-free condition." Tetrahedron Letters 54, no. 3 (2013): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.017.

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Zhu, Zhenyu, Xiaocong Yan, Haolin Tang, et al. "Protic ionic liquid modified electrocatalyst enables robust anode under cell reversal condition." Journal of Power Sources 351 (May 2017): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.03.076.

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KAWADA, Shouhei, Yuriko KONDO, Seiya WATANABE, Ryo TSUBOI, and Shinya SASAKI. "20412 Study on the lubricating mechanism of ionic liquids in vacuum condition." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2014.20 (2014): _20412–1_—_20412–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2014.20._20412-1_.

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Woo, Jeongyeon, Hyungsup Kim, and Younghan Song. "Preparation of Carbon Dots from Cellulose Using Ionic Liquid under Mild Condition." Fibers and Polymers 21, no. 8 (2020): 1643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9934-4.

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Prihatinningtyas, Eka, and Agus Jatnika Effendi. "Karakterisasi Ekstrak Tapioka dan Tapioka Ionik sebagai Biokoagulan dalam Proses Pengolahan Air." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 19, no. 2 (2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v19i2.2041.

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ABSTRACTThe ability of tapioca to act as natural coagulants (biocoagulants) was tested using artificial water. As turbidity was added as kaolin. This research aimed to determine the compounds and or groups that act as natural coagulant and to describe the mechanism of flocculation: extraction which yields tapioca extract and ion exchange which yields ionic tapioca. Coagulation process was performed at three different initial turbidities, i.e. 50 NTU (low turbidities), 150 NTU (middle turbidities) and 300 NTU (high initial turbidites). At the same condition (coagulant dose 20 ppmv, pH 5), ionic tapioca yield better turbidity removal compared tapioca extract i.e 11.2% at low initial turbidites; 2.4% at middle initial turbidities and 12.8% at high initial turbidities. FTIR analysis showed that tapioca extract and ionic tapioca contained of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amides groups which can act as active components on coagulation process. The presence of those groups caused positive and negative charges (amphoter). Coagulation process ran efficiently at pH 5 because the isoelectric point is obtained at that condition.Keyword : bio coagulants, coagulation, coagulant agents, ionic tapioca, tapioca extract,ABSTRAK Kemampuan tepung tapioka sebagai koagulan alami (biokoagulan) telah diuji dengan menggunakan limbah artifisial dari kaolin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa atau gugus yang berperan sebagai biokoagulan dan menjelaskan mekanisme flokulasi yang terjadi. Perlakuan awal tapioca sebelum digunakan sebagai koagulan adalah ekstraksi yang menghasilkan ekstrak tapioka dan pertukaran ion yang menghasilkan tapioka ionik. Proses koagulasi dilakukan pada 3 macam kekeruhan awal yaitu 50 NTU (kekeruhan rendah), 150 NTU (kekeruhan sedang) dan 300 NTU (kekeruhan tinggi). Pada kondisi operasi yang sama (dosis 20 ppmv dan pH 5), tapioka ionik memberikan efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan yang lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 11,0% pada kekeruhan awal 50 NTU; 2,4% pada kekeruhan awal 150 NTU dan 12,8% pada kekeruhan awal 300 NTU. Hasil analisa FTIR menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tapioka dan tapioka ionik mempunyai gugus karboksil (-OH), gugus karboksil (-COOH) dan gugus amida (-CONH2). Keberadaan ketiga gugus tersebut menyebabkan biokoagulan ini memiliki muatan positif dan negatif sekaligus (amfoter). Proses koagulasi berjalan dengan efisien pada pH 5 karena titik isoelektrik diperoleh pada pH tersebut. Kata kunci : biokoagulan, koagulasi, agen koagulan, ekstrak tapioka, tapioka ionik

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Zhang, Ding Jun, and Chao Yun Qu. "Preparation of Several Ionic Liquids with Excellent Friction-Reducing and Antiwear Properties." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.547.

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Four ionic liquids containing dithiocarbazate were synthesized. Their antiwear and friction-reducing properties of these synthetic liquid compounds as the lubricants of a steel/steel contact were examined using an Optimol SRV oscillating friction and wear tester in ambient condition. The results indicated that the ionic liquids containing dithiocarbazate as the lubricants showed excellent friction-reducing and antiwear properties for the steel/steel pair. The introduction of the dithiocarbazate group into the molecules of the ionic liquids contributed to improve the tribological behaviour.

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Ren, Yongyuan, Jiangna Guo, Ziyang Liu, et al. "Ionic liquid–based click-ionogels." Science Advances 5, no. 8 (2019): eaax0648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax0648.

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Gels that are freeze-resistant and heat-resistant and have high ultimate tensile strength are desirable in practical applications owing to their potential in designing flexible energy storage devices, actuators, and sensors. Here, a simple method for fabricating ionic liquid (IL)–based click-ionogels using thiol-ene click chemistry under mild condition is reported. These click-ionogels continue to exhibit excellent mechanical properties and resilience after 10,000 fatigue cycles. Moreover, due to several unique properties of ILs, these click-ionogels exhibit high ionic conductivity, transparency, and nonflammability performance over a wide temperature range (−75° to 340°C). Click-ionogel–based triboelectric nanogenerators exhibit excellent mechanical, freeze-thaw, and heat stability. These promising features of click-ionogels will promote innovative applications in flexible and safe device design.

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Jiang, Hua Yi, Cheng Ji, Qiu E. Cao, Rui Ya Yang, Huan Zhi, and Yi Nan Zhang. "A Study on Salt Effect on Treatment of Oily Wastewater Using Microwave Radiation." Advanced Materials Research 361-363 (October 2011): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.361-363.561.

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The treatment of oily wastewater by microwave radiation is highly-efficient, low contaminative. In order to improve the effect of processing oily wastewater with microwave radiation, the influence of the ionic property, the ionic valency, the ionic concentration and microwave parameter are investigated by experiment. The results show that inorganic salt promotes demulsification under microwave radiation condition. The lower the ionic valency is, the better the deoiling effect is. The deoiling rate increases in a certain range with concentration of inorganic salt increasing, and it also has the optimum microwave parameters. When oily wastewater is disposed by microwave radiation after adding inorganic salt, the deoiling rate is up to 97.78%

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Wu, X., K. Li, and D. Jiang. "Investigation of air-fuel ratio control using ionic current signal." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 9 (2007): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto359.

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The objective of this paper is to investigate the control of air-fuel ratio (AFR) using an ionic current signal. Experimental measurements have been carried out to study the characteristics of the ionic current signal near ignition poles in a constant-volume combustion bomb. The ionic signal is characterized by a front flame and post flame during combustion. The intensity of the ionic signal strongly depends on the AFR at the time of combustion. The maximum values in both the front flame and the post flame will occur at close to the stoichiometric value. Furthermore, minimum values of the durations from ignition to two peaks will also occur where the AFR is close to the stoichiometric value. From this observation of the ion signal characteristics, a feedback control of AFR in a closed loop is proposed and the algorithm is outlined for detecting whether the mixture is in the lean or the rich combustion condition. Then control logic is given based on the information on lean or rich combustion. A unique condition of combustion around stoichiometry is also discussed. It has been shown that the developed control algorithm covers the entire combustion region: lean, rich, and stoichiometric.

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Mandal, B., G. Hazra, G. K. Ghosh, and T. Das. "Leaching pattern of phosphate glass fertilizers with different compositions under Soxhlet distillation conditions." Cerâmica 66, no. 379 (2020): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132020663792874.

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Abstract Glass fertilizers in the phosphate systems were melted at 900-950 °C with a soaking period of 1 h. Leaching study of these glasses with a maximum time period of 300 h was conducted under Soxhlet distillation condition with distilled water. Weight loss and the leach rates of the glass fertilizer samples were calculated from BET surface area measurements. They were in the range of 6.3x10-3 to 2.3x10-3 g.m-2.h-1 at 90 °C. The effect of different modifier ions like Na+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ in the basic phosphate networks on melting and time of melting has been found to be evident. The pH determination ranging from 4.80 up to 7.50 of the leachate solution at ambient temperature under varying time intervals showed interesting and regular variations. The leaching study of such glasses under Soxhlet condition showed Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ to be good candidates as modifier towards faster leaching. The findings have been corroborated in terms of ionic size, ionic radius, and hence the ionic potential of the modifier ions incorporated into the glass structure. The application of glass fertilizers was made on kharif paddy.

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Li, Yu, Wei Wang, Xiangyuan Wang, Shufeng Wang, Yantao Shi, and Qihuang Gong. "Density of photoinduced free carriers in perovskite thin films via purely optical detection." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 13 (2017): 3283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc00102a.

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Wang, Hai, Melvin Tucker, and Yun Ji. "Recent Development in Chemical Depolymerization of Lignin: A Review." Journal of Applied Chemistry 2013 (July 10, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/838645.

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This article reviewed recent development of chemical depolymerization of lignins. There were five types of treatment discussed, including base-catalyzed, acid-catalyzed, metallic catalyzed, ionic liquids-assisted, and supercritical fluids-assisted lignin depolymerizations. The methods employed in this research were described, and the important results were marked. Generally, base-catalyzed and acid-catalyzed methods were straightforward, but the selectivity was low. The severe reaction conditions (high pressure, high temperature, and extreme pH) resulted in requirement of specially designed reactors, which led to high costs of facility and handling. Ionic liquids, and supercritical fluids-assisted lignin depolymerizations had high selectivity, but the high costs of ionic liquids recycling and supercritical fluid facility limited their applications on commercial scale biomass treatment. Metallic catalyzed depolymerization had great advantages because of its high selectivity to certain monomeric compounds and much milder reaction condition than base-catalyzed or acid-catalyzed depolymerizations. It would be a great contribution to lignin conversion if appropriate catalysts were synthesized.

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34

Chang, Liping, Rahele Zhiani та Seyed Mohsen Sadeghzadeh. "Fixing CO2 into β-oxopropylcarbamates in neat condition by ionic gelation/Ag(i) supported on dendritic fibrous nanosilica". RSC Advances 9, № 30 (2019): 16955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra02680k.

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35

Xu, Chunlin, Huai Zheng, Jie Liu, et al. "Enhanced Cooling of LED Filament Bulbs Using an Embedded Tri-Needle/Ring Ionic Wind Device." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 3008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13113008.

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Improving the heat dissipation ability for light-emitting diode (LED) filament bulb is very difficult. A tri-needle/ring ionic wind generator was developed to improve the heat dissipation condition of bulbs. The operation characteristics of the ionic wind generator, such as the electrode gap, inception voltage, and discharge current with regard to the operation voltage, were studied by experiments. The ionic wind velocity within the bulb was investigated under different electrode gaps and applied voltages. The temperature drop achieved by the ionic was were tested with the consideration of many operation parameters for analysis. The experiments showed that ionic wind can provide efficient and stable cooling effect for LED filament bulbs. The temperature drop of LED junction can reach 30 °C at best. Good stability and adjustability of the ionic wind generator were demonstrated by tracing the temperature history of LED filaments in long-term tests. Finally, the light efficiency of LED filament bulbs with ionic wind cooling was studied. The experimental results showed that light efficiency was improved by 7.3% under the best cooling case. The experimental results indicate that the embedded ionic wind generator can provide an effective solution for cooling LED filament bulbs.

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Pandey, A., R. Kumar, A. K. Sahoo, A. Paul, and A. Panda. "Performance Analysis of Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride Ionic Fluid under MQL Condition in Hard turning." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 1 (2020): 7629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.1.2020.12.0567.

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The current research presents an overall performance-based analysis of Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride [[CH3(CH2)5]P(Cl)(CH2)13CH3] ionic fluid mixed with organic coconut oil (OCO) during turning of hardened D2 steel. The application of cutting fluid on the cutting interface was performed through Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) approach keeping an eye on the detrimental consequences of conventional flood cooling. PVD coated (TiN/TiCN/TiN) cermet tool was employed in the current experimental work. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array and TOPSIS are executed to analysis the influences, significance and optimum parameter settings for predefined process parameters. The prime objective of the current work is to analyze the influence of OCO based Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride ionic fluid on flank wear, surface roughness, material removal rate, and chip morphology. Better quality of finish (Ra = 0.2 to 1.82 µm) was found with 1% weight fraction but it is not sufficient to control the wear growth. Abrasion, chipping, groove wear, and catastrophic tool tip breakage are recognized as foremost tool failure mechanisms. The significance of responses have been studied with the help of probability plots, main effect plots, contour plots, and surface plots and the correlation between the input and output parameters have been analyzed using regression model. Feed rate and depth of cut are equally influenced (48.98%) the surface finish while cutting speed attributed the strongest influence (90.1%). The material removal rate is strongly prejudiced by cutting speed (69.39 %) followed by feed rate (28.94%) whereas chip reduction coefficient is strongly influenced through the depth of cut (63.4%) succeeded by feed (28.8%). TOPSIS significantly optimized the responses with 67.1 % gain in closeness coefficient.

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Huang, Jian Hua, Hong Lu Xie, and Guo Feng Zou. "Liquefaction Properties of Alanine Hydrosulfate Ionic Liquid on Pine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (February 2014): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.177.

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Ionic liquid containing alanine cations and hydrogen sulfate was synthesized using alanine and sulfuric acid as materials. Fourier Transform Infrared Specctrometer was used to verify the final product. The results showed that the objective product was developed successfully. General properties of the final product were detected. The results showed that strong acidity, large viscosity, soluble in polar solvents and insoluble in nonpolar solvents were the products properties which were suitable for liquefying. The liquefaction rate of ionic liquid on pine was studied. Study the optimum liquefaction condition using the method of orthogonal experiment design. By stirring at 120°C for 2 hours using ionic liquid with the concentration of 80% and with the mass ratio of 30, liquefaction rate of ionic liquid on pine was high.

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38

Upadhyay, Praveenkumar Ramprakash, Prashant Gautam, and Vivek Srivastava. "Magnetic Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nano System Anchored Platinum Nanoparticles for Carbon Sequestration Reaction." Letters in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2019): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666190228141754.

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new Pt metal based nano-catalytic system was developed using organic-inorganic magnetic framework followed by the user-friendly protocol in good yield. XRD, FTIR, TEM, BET, ICP-OES and solid-state NMR techniques were used to characterize our developed catalytic system. The wellcharacterized ionic liquid bridged-silica supported magnetic Pt nanoparticles were utilized for the selective hydrogenation of carbon dioxide under high-pressure reaction condition (with and without ionic liquid medium). Most promising results were obtained while using the catalytic system (Pt-MagNP@ILSiO2) in 1,3-di (N, N-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-methylimidazolium nonafluorobutanesulfonate ([DAMI] [CF3CF2CF2CF2SO3]) task-specific ionic liquid medium. This TSIL not only provided a high degree of CO2 absorption during the reaction but also enhances the selectivity and the recyclability of the catalytic system up to 8 runs. No sign of Pt metal leaching was recorded during the recyclability test which confirmed the stability of this catalytic system under high-pressure reaction condition.

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Huang, Jian Hua, Hong Lu Xie, Lin Lu Zheng, Yan Lin Wu, and Wei Xuan Zhu. "Synthesis and Liquefaction Properties of L-Alanine Hydrosulfate Ionic Liquid." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1351.

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Ionic liquid containing L-alanine cations and hydrogen sulfate was synthesized using L-alanine and sulfuric acid as materials. Fourier Transform Infrared Specctrometer was used to verify the final product. The results showed that the objective product was developed successfully. General properties of the final product were detected. The results showed that strong acidity, large viscosity, soluble in polar solvents and insoluble in nonpolar solvents were the product’s properties which were suitable for liquefying. The liquefaction rate of ionic liquid on paper was studied. Study the optimum liquefaction condition using the method of orthogonal experiment design. By stirring at 80°C for 3 hours using ionic liquid with the concentration of 100%, liquefaction rate of ionic liquid on paper was high.

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40

Patel, Devji S., Jemin R. Avalani, and Dipak K. Raval. "Ionic liquid catalyzed convenient synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]quinoline under sonic condition." Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 23, no. 10 (2012): 1951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-50532012005000051.

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Ma, Fengxian, Yalong Jiao, Guoping Gao, et al. "Graphene-like Two-Dimensional Ionic Boron with Double Dirac Cones at Ambient Condition." Nano Letters 16, no. 5 (2016): 3022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05292.

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Huang, Xianzhu, Jian Wu, Xiaohua Lu, Xin Feng, and Yijun Shi. "Tribological Properties of Porous PEEK Composites Containing Ionic Liquid under Dry Friction Condition." Lubricants 5, no. 2 (2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants5020019.

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43

Zhang, Haiyan, and Sen Liu. "Preparation of ordered mesoporous silica materials templated by ionic liquids in alkaline condition." Journal of Porous Materials 26, no. 1 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10934-018-0600-9.

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44

Nishi, Hirotaka, Makoto Miyajima, Hiroaki Nakagami, Masanori Noda, Susumu Uchiyama, and Kiichi Fukui. "Phase Separation of an IgG1 Antibody Solution under a Low Ionic Strength Condition." Pharmaceutical Research 27, no. 7 (2010): 1348–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-010-0125-7.

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45

Yadav, Geeta Devi, and Surendra Singh. "(l)-Prolinamide imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid as an efficient reusable organocatalyst for direct asymmetric aldol reaction in solvent-free condition." RSC Advances 6, no. 102 (2016): 100459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra23652a.

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46

Porwal, Jyoti, Subodh Kumar, Savita Kaul, and Suman L. Jain. "Guanidine based task specific ionic liquids for the synthesis of biolubricant range esters under solvent-free condition." RSC Advances 6, no. 96 (2016): 93640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19771j.

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Guanidine-based task specific ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized from the reaction of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine with protic acids and used for the synthesis of higher alcohol esters of fatty acids as biolubes under solvent free condition.

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47

Jiang, Wei, Liangfeng Sun, Ayou Hao, and Jonathan Yan Chen. "Regenerated cellulose fibers from waste bagasse using ionic liquid." Textile Research Journal 81, no. 18 (2011): 1949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517511414974.

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Regenerated cellulose fibers from bagasse and wood were produced under various processing conditions using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) as a solvent. Two different ionic liquid solutions were prepared with 6 wt% of bagasse cellulose and 6 wt% of wood cellulose. The solutions were extruded with a dry-jet and wet-spinning method using water as a coagulation bath. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to measure the thermal properties of these regenerated fibers. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to determine the thermal mechanical property of the regenerated cellulose fibers and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) was used to measure the degree of crystallinity, as well as the degree of crystal orientation for those experimental fibers. To evaluate the quantity of ionic liquid residue in the regenerated fibers, the instrumental methods of FT-IR and mass spectrometry were applied to test the residues of BMIMCl in the regenerated fibers. Research results indicated increases in the degree of crystallinity and storage modulus under a higher fiber drawing speed. Both regenerated bagasse film and regenerated wood film had similar thermal properties. However, the regenerated bagasse fibers showed a higher degree of crystallinity, and higher tenacity than the regenerated wood fibers obtained under the same condition. The study also revealed that water treatment would be helpful for eliminating the ionic liquid residue in the regenerated fibers.

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Gschwend, Florence J. V., Francisco Malaret, Somnath Shinde, Agnieszka Brandt-Talbot, and Jason P. Hallett. "Rapid pretreatment of Miscanthus using the low-cost ionic liquid triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate at elevated temperatures." Green Chemistry 20, no. 15 (2018): 3486–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc00837j.

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Chander, Mukesh, Rajesh Kumar, Sushil Kumar, Narinder Kumar, and S. K. Chakarvarti. "Investigation of Ionic Transport Through Track-Etched Conical Nanopores of PET Membrane." Nano 13, no. 01 (2018): 1850011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179329201850011x.

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The control of ionic transportation inside the multi asymmetric conical nanopores in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane was investigated. The conical nanopores were prepared by chemical etching in irradiated PET foil using etchant (9 M NaOH) and stopping solution (1 M NaCl [Formula: see text] 1 M HCOOH). The behavior of ionic current was recorded under stepping voltage [Formula: see text]2[Formula: see text]V to [Formula: see text]2[Formula: see text]V at different molar concentrations of potassium halides (KCl, KBr and KI) under symmetric bathing condition in electrochemical cell. It is found that the presence of multiple ionic species and the occurrence of counterion condensation of charge regulated polyelectrolyte play an effective role in ionic current rectification (ICR). The electrical conductance of conical nanopores may be estimated by measuring the ionic current rectification properties of track-etched nanopores. The charge transport properties vary with molar concentration and pH of electrolyte. Moreover, ICR may be used as a voltage gating phenomena with wide technological applications.

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Sun, Zhi Min, and Bing Li. "Research on Synthesis, Characterization and CO₂ Absorption of Functional Room Temperature Ionic Liquids." Materials Science Forum 984 (April 2020): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.984.189.

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Iron and steel making is an industry with high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The work is to carry out the CO2 capture experimental study as background of the blast furnace gas, increase the calorific value of the blast furnace gas and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the energy consumption of CO2 gas in the follow-up process cycle. In this paper, according to the principle of acid base neutralization, [EDA]L and [EDA]P contained amino ionic liquids are synthesized in ice water bath condition, which is made from lactic acid, formic acid and ethylenediamine. The synthesis process was explored, the viscosity and infrared spectroscopy of synthetic ionic liquid were characterized, the boiling point of ionic liquids were calculated, CO2 absorption experiments were carried out under normal temperature and pressure. The results indicate that the compositions are ionic liquids having target structures and the maximum molar absorption of ionic liquid to CO2 reaches 0.45 mol.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ionic condition'

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