Journal articles: 'Ionic crystals'

1

Gridyakina, A. V. "Electric Properties of Ionic Thermotropic Liquid Crystals." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 61, no. 6 (June 2016): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe61.06.0502.

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Furusawa, Shinichi, Hiroshi Ochiai, and Khoji Murayama. "Ionic Conductivity of Li₂ZnTi₃O₈ Single Crystal." Key Engineering Materials 497 (December 2011): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.497.26.

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Single crystals of lithium zinc titanate (Li2ZnTi3O8) were grown in a double-mirror type optical floating-zone furnace for the first time. Single crystals were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and Laue measurements. The ionic conductivity of the single crystals was measured in the temperature range of 400–700 K. Below 600 K, the ionic conductivity of the single crystal is one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of polycrystalline Li2ZnTi3O8. In the temperature range of 550–600 K, the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity shows non-Arrhenius behaviour.

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3

Binnemans, Koen. "Ionic Liquid Crystals." Chemical Reviews 105, no. 11 (November 2005): 4148–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr0400919.

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4

Braga, Dario. "Ionic co-crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a2 (August 18, 2019): e597-e597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273319089599.

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Getsis, Anna, and Anja-Verena Mudring. "Ionic Liquid Crystals." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 632, no. 12-13 (September 2006): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200670060.

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6

IOFFE, VALERY M. "DOES HIGH TEMPERATURE IONIC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY EXISTS?" International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 04 (February 10, 2009): 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209049693.

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The basic idea is that we try to find some materials in which bosonic ions with sufficiently small effective mass are used as charge carriers instead of Cooper's pairs in order to provide high temperature ionic superconductivity. Ionic crystals LiCl , LiF , LiBr and LiI were considered with lithium isotope Li 6. Calculations show that Bose condensation temperature for lithium ions in these crystals is of the order of 10-34–10-43 K. If, however, the crystal is compressed so that the wave functions of neighboring lithium ions are sufficiently overlapped, then Bose-condensation temperature of Li 6-ions can be increased significantly. Our estimates show that by compressing the crystals by 20–22% in all three directions, one can raise the Bose-condensation temperature in all crystals considered to above room temperature. To realize materials with room temperature superconductivity in practice, the use of molecular beam epitaxy is proposed for the formation of heterostructures from thin and thick layers of thoughtfully chosen composition.

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López-Bueno, Carlos, Marius R. Bittermann, Bruno Dacuña-Mariño, Antonio Luis Llamas-Saiz, María del Carmen Giménez-López, Sander Woutersen, and Francisco Rivadulla. "Low temperature glass/crystal transition in ionic liquids determined by H-bond vs. coulombic strength." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 36 (2020): 20524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp02633f.

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Self-assembled ionic liquid crystals are anisotropic ionic conductors, with potential applications in areas as important as solar cells, battery electrolytes and catalysis. We show that the type of crystal formed depend on the strength of H-bonds.

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Jung, Jae Kap, Hae Jin Kim, Kee Tae Han, and Sung Ho Choh. "Electric Field Effect on NQR in Ferroelectric Materials." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1996): 646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-5-645.

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Abstract The electric field effect on NQR in ferroelectric materials, 93Nb in LiNbO3 and 14N in NaNO2 and SC(NH2)2 , has been investigated at 77 K. In these crystals with single domain, only the line shift due to the external electric field was observed. In the case of NaNO2 powder and a crystal with multi-domains, line broadening was observed in the external electric field. These phenomena can be explained with the fact that the direction of spontaneous polarization in a domain is related to the direction of the applied electric field. The rate of the NQR line-shift due to the electric field is remarkably smaller in mostly ionic crystals, such as LiNbO3 and NaNO2 , than in a molecular crystal such as SC(NH2)2 . This is due to the strong ionic bonding in ionic crystals. Also, the difference of the Stark shift'between NaNO2 and SC(NH2)2 is discussed in terms of the local electric field and polarizability at the resonant nuclear site.

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9

Lobanov, Ye, G. Nikitsky, O. Petchenko, and G. Petchenko. "The Essence and Application of the Optical Absorption Method for Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Radiation Defects in Optical Crystals." Lighting engineering and power engineering 3, no. 59 (November 27, 2020): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2079-424x-2020-3-59-97-100.

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Today ionic crystals are widely used in devices for various purposes. In X-ray spectral optics they are widely used as crystal monochromators; ionic crystals are used in optical devices where lenses and transparent optical media (light filters) are made of optically pure materials - ionic crystals. In general, the main positive feature of these materials is transparency regarding the transmission of radiation in the visible region of the spectrum (transmittance of about 0.9) and neutrality - that is, approximately the same reaction of the medium to different spectral ranges of radiation. Ionic crystals are also widely used in detectors (scintillators, ionizing radiation dosimeters) and lasers. They are also widely used in acousto-optics and electrical engineering (lines of electrical signals delay, which gain efficiency due to the relatively small absorption of ultrasonic waves, and, therefore, it is possible to work with a wide sequence of signals probing the crystal). It is known that when ionizing radiation passes through ionic crystals, color centers appear in them, which can change the spectral composition of radiation both in the UV region and in the visible range. For example, the simplest configurations of color centers (F-centers) lead to the appearance in optical materials of additional absorption bands localized on the wavelength axis with a maximum at the wavelength lmax = 248 нм , but more complex configurations of radiation damage in solids already lead to the appearance of absorption bands at wavelengths in the visible range. This already presents some difficulties for developers and designers of relevant equipment, as changes in the spectral composition of radiation passing through the optical system of the device can lead, for example, to loss of efficiency of the selected radiation receiver, the main characteristic of which is primarily spectral sensitivity. Taking into account possible changes in the spectral composition of radiation is an important and urgent task of modern optical instrumentation. The purpose of this work is the analysis and justification of a method that takes into account structural changes in externally irradiated ionic crystals.

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10

Misawa, Toshiyuki, Jun Kobayashi, Yoshiki Kiyota, Masayuki Watanabe, Seiji Ono, Yosuke Okamura, Shinichi Koguchi, Masashi Higuchi, Yu Nagase, and Takeru Ito. "Dimensional Control in Polyoxometalate Crystals Hybridized with Amphiphilic Polymerizable Ionic Liquids." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142283.

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Ionic liquids are an important component for constructing functional materials, and polyxometalate cluster anion is a promising partner for building inorganic–organic hybrid materials comprising ionic liquids. In such hybrid materials, the precise control of the molecular arrangement in the bulk structures is crucial for the emergence of characteristic functions, which can be realized by introducing an amphiphilic moiety into the ionic liquids. Here, an amphiphilic polymerizable imidazolium ionic liquid with a methacryloyl group was firstly hybridized with polyoxometalate anions of octamolybdate ([Mo8O26]4−, Mo8) and silicotungstate ([SiW12O40]4−, SiW12) to obtain inorganic–organic hybrid crystals. The polymerizable ionic liquid with a octyl chain (denoted as MAImC8) resulted in the formation of anisotropic molecular arrangements in the bulk crystal structure, which was compared with the hybrid crystals composed from the polymerizable ionic liquid without a long alkyl chain (denoted as MAIm). Rather densely packed isotropic molecular arrangements were observed in the hybrid crystals of MAIm–Mo8 and MAIm–SiW12 due to the lack of the amphiphilic moiety. On the other hand, using the amphiphilic MAImC8 cation gave rise to a honeycomb-like structure with the Mo8 anion and a layered structure with the SiW12 anion, respectively.

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11

Ren, Fude, Xiaolei Wang, Qing Zhang, Xiaojun Wang, Lingling Chang, and Zhiteng Zhang. "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of External Electric-Field-Induced Crystallization of TKX-50 from Solution by Finite-Temperature String with Order Parameters as Collective Variables for Ionic Crystals." Molecules 29, no. 5 (March 5, 2024): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29051159.

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External electric fields are an effective tool to induce phase transformations. The crystallization of ionic crystals from solution is a common phase transformation. However, understanding of mechanisms is poor at the molecular level. In this work, we carried out an experimental and theoretical investigation of the external electric-field-induced crystallization of TKX-50 from saturated formic acid solution by finite-temperature string (FTS) with order parameters (OPs) as collective variables for ionic crystals. The minimum-free-energy path was sketched by the string method in collective variables. The results show that the K-means clustering algorithm based on Euclidean distance and density weights can be used for enhanced sampling of the OPs in external electric-field-induced crystallization of ionic crystal from solution, which improves the conventional FTS. The crystallization from solution is a process of surface-mediated nucleation. The external electric field can accelerate the evolution of the string and decrease the difference in the potential of mean forces between the crystal and the transition state. Due to the significant change in OPs induced by the external electric field in nucleation, the crystalline quality was enhanced, which explains the experimental results that the external electric field enhanced the density, detonation velocity, and detonation pressure of TKX-50. This work provides an effective way to explore the crystallization of ionic crystals from solution at the molecular level, and it is useful for improving the properties of ionic crystal explosives by using external electric fields.

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12

KIMURA, H., R. TANAHASHI, K. MAIWA, H. BABA, Z. X. CHENG, and X. L. WANG. "POTASSIUM-SODIUM-RUBIDIUM NIOBATE SINGLE CRYSTALS AND ELECTRIC PROPERTIES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 17 (July 10, 2009): 3631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209063092.

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Potassium-sodium-rubidium niobate single crystals are grown using an original pulling down method, to improve their composition change during a crystal growth, by means of co-doping of small ionic size sodium and large ionic size rubidium into potassium niobate. Even by the co-doping, single crystals can be grown with orthorhombic single-phase at room temperature, as well as pure potassium niobate. Their electric properties, such as the dielectric constant and the impedance, are changed depending on the doping ions.

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13

Kuznetsov, A. Yu, L. Dubrovinsky, A. Kurnosov, M. M. Lucchese, W. Crichton, and C. A. Achete. "High-Pressure Synthesis and Study of NO+NO3− and NO2+NO3− Ionic Solids." Advances in Physical Chemistry 2009 (January 4, 2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/180784.

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Nitrosonium-nitrate NO+NO3− and dinitrogen pentoxide NO2+NO3− ionic crystals were synthesized by laser heating of a condensed oxygen-rich O2-N2 mixture compressed to different pressures, up to 40 GPa, in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). High-pressure/high-temperature Raman and X-ray diffraction studies of synthesized samples disclosed a transformation of NO+NO3− compound to NO2+NO3− crystal at temperatures above ambient and pressures below 9 GPa. High-pressure experiments revealed previously unreported bands in Raman spectra of NO+NO3− and NO2+NO3− ionic crystals. Structural properties of both ionic compounds are analyzed. Obtained experimental results support a hypothesis of a rotational disorder of NO+ complexes in NO+NO3− and indicate a rotational disorder of ionic complexes in NO2+NO3− solid.

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14

Сорокин, Н. И., and Ю. В. Шалдин. "Кристаллофизическая модель ионного переноса в нелинейно-оптических кристаллах KTiOPO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-." Физика твердого тела 60, no. 4 (2018): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.04.45679.277.

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AbstractThe ionic conductivity along the principal axes a, b, and c of the unit cell of the nonlinear-optical high-resistance KTiOPO_4 single crystals (rhombic syngony, space group Pna 2_1), which are as-grown and after thermal annealing in vacuum, has been investigated by the method of impedance spectroscopy. The crystals were grown from a solution-melt by the Czochralski method. The as-grown KTiOPO_4 crystals possess a quasi-one-dimensional conductivity along the crystallographic c axis, which is caused by the migration of K^+ cations: σ_║ c = 1.0 × 10^–5 S/cm at 573 K. Wherein the characteristics of the anisotropy of ionic conductivity of the crystals is equal to σ_║ c /σ_║ a = 3 and σ_║ c /σ_║ b = 24. The thermal annealing at 1000 K for 10 h in vacuum increases the magnitude of σ_║ c of KTiOPO_4 by a factor of 28 and leads to an increase in the ratio σ_║ c /σ_║ b = 2.1 × 10^3 at 573 K. A crystal-physical model of ionic transport in KTiOPO_4 crystals has been proposed.

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15

Kohler, Florian T. U., Bruno Morain, Alexander Weiß, Mathias Laurin, Jörg Libuda, Valentin Wagner, Berthold U. Melcher, Xinjiao Wang, Karsten Meyer, and Peter Wasserscheid. "Surface-Functionalized Ionic Liquid Crystal-Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Materials: Ionic Liquid Crystals in Mesopores." ChemPhysChem 12, no. 18 (November 8, 2011): 3539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201100379.

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16

KANNAN, C. V., S. GANESAMOORTHY, C. SUBRAMANIAN, and P. RAMASAMY. "ONE DIMENSIONAL NATURE OF IONIC CONDUCTIVITY IN SELF-FLUX GROWN RbTiOPO4 SINGLE CRYSTALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 03 (January 30, 2003): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203015760.

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The ionic conductivity of self-flux grown RbTiOPO 4 single crystal along the crystallographic a, b and c (polar) axes in the frequency range 100 Hz–10 MHz and in the temperature range 300–1140 K has been studied. The measured activation energy indicates the existence of super ionic conduction behavior in RTP crystals and also reveals that the DC electrical conduction and dielectric polarization are governed by the same mechanism. Complex impedance measurement shows the existence of non-Debye type of relaxation in the crystals.

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17

Avilés, María-Dolores, Ramón Pamies, José Sanes, Francisco-José Carrión, and María-Dolores Bermúdez. "Fatty Acid-Derived Ionic Liquid Lubricant. Protic Ionic Liquid Crystals as Protic Ionic Liquid Additives." Coatings 9, no. 11 (October 31, 2019): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9110710.

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Fatty acids are natural products which have been studied as green lubricants. Ionic liquids are considered efficient friction reducing and wear preventing lubricants and lubricant additives. Fatty acid-derived ionic liquids have shown potential as neat lubricant and additives. Protic ionic liquid crystals (PILCs) are protic ionic liquids (PILs) where cations and anions form ordered mesophases that show liquid crystalline behavior. The adsorption of carboxylate units on sliding surfaces can enhance the lubricant performance. Ionic liquid crystal lubricants with longer alkyl chains can separate sliding surfaces more efficiently. However, they are usually solid at room temperature and, when used as additives in water, transitions to high friction coefficients and wear rates, with tribocorrosion processes occur when water evaporation takes place at the interface. In order to avoid these inconveniences, in the present work, a protic ammonium palmitate (DPA) ionic liquid crystal has been added in 1 wt.% proportion to a short chain citrate ionic liquid (DCi) with the same protic ammonium cation. A spin coated layer of (DCi + DPA) was deposited on AISI316L steel surface before the sliding test against sapphire ball. Synergy between DCi PIL and DPA PILC additive reduces friction coefficient and wear rate, without tribocorrosion processes, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results.

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18

Adinehnia, Morteza, Jeremy R. Eskelsen, K. W. Hipps, and Ursula Mazur. "Mechanical behavior of crystalline ionic porphyrins." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 23, no. 01n02 (January 2019): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619500147.

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Mechanical properties of six different binary ionic porphyrin crystals with variable morphologies were measured and correlated with their structural properties. These solids were formed from stoichiometric combinations of negatively charged tectons, meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP), Cu(II) meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (CuTSPP), Ni(II) meso-tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (NiTSPP), and four different cationic tectons, namely, meso-tetra (4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TPyP), tetra([Formula: see text]-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP), Cu(II) meso-tetra([Formula: see text]-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (CuTMPyP), Ni(II) meso-tetra([Formula: see text]-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (NiTMPyP), and tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP). Crystal structures were determined from single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction patterns. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopes (SEM and AFM) provided topographical information. The common arrangement of the porphyrin tectons within the crystals is consistent with alternating face-to-face molecular arrangement forming coherent columns along the fast-growing long axis which are held together by electrostatic and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] interactions as well as hydrogen bonding. In acquiring the indentation data of the porphyrin crystals using AFM, stress was applied perpendicular to the direction where ionic and [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] bonds dominate the packing. At indent loads [Formula: see text]50 nN/nm2, all the porphyrin structures deformed elastically. Young’s modulus ([Formula: see text] values for the different crystals range from 6 to 28 GPa. In a broader perspective, this study highlights the extraordinary mechanical behavior of porphyrin assemblies formed by ionic self-assembly. Judicious selection of charged porphyrin synthons can yield crystalline materials with mechanical properties that combine the elastic characteristics of ‘soft’ polymers with the stiffness of composite materials. Such high-performance materials are excellent candidates for deformable optoelectronic devices.

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19

Rajapaksha, C. P. Hemantha, M. D. Tharindupriya Gunathilaka, Suresh Narute, Hamad Albehaijan, Camilo Piedrahita, Pushpa Paudel, Chenrun Feng, Björn Lüssem, Thein Kyu, and Antal Jákli. "Flexo-Ionic Effect of Ionic Liquid Crystal Elastomers." Molecules 26, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 4234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144234.

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The first study of the flexo-ionic effect, i.e., mechanical deformation-induced electric signal, of the recently discovered ionic liquid crystal elastomers (iLCEs) is reported. The measured flexo-ionic coefficients were found to strongly depend on the director alignment of the iLCE films and can be over 200 µC/m. This value is orders of magnitude higher than the flexo-electric coefficient found in insulating liquid crystals and is comparable to the well-developed ionic polymers (iEAPs). The shortest response times, i.e., the largest bandwidth of the flexo-ionic responses, is achieved in planar alignment, when the director is uniformly parallel to the substrates. These results render high potential for iLCE-based devices for applications in sensors and wearable micropower generators.

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20

Axenov, Kirill V., and Sabine Laschat. "Thermotropic Ionic Liquid Crystals." Materials 4, no. 1 (January 14, 2011): 206–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma4010206.

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21

FAUST, W. L. "Explosive Molecular Ionic Crystals." Science 245, no. 4913 (July 7, 1989): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.245.4913.37.

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22

Tanaka, Kazuo, Fumiyasu Ishiguro, Jong-Hwan Jeon, Tatsuhiro Hiraoka, and Yoshiki Chujo. "POSS ionic liquid crystals." NPG Asia Materials 7, no. 4 (April 2015): e174-e174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/am.2015.28.

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23

Casal-Dujat, Lucía, Oriol Penon, Carlos Rodríguez-Abreu, Conxita Solans, and Lluïsa Pérez-García. "Macrocyclic ionic liquid crystals." New J. Chem. 36, no. 3 (2012): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2nj20934a.

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24

Salikolimi, Krishnachary, Achalkumar Ammathnadu Sudhakar, and Yasuhiro Ishida. "Functional Ionic Liquid Crystals." Langmuir 36, no. 40 (September 14, 2020): 11702–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01935.

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25

Belsky, A. N., I. A. Kamenskikh, V. V. Mikhailin, and A. N. Vasil'ev. "Crossluminescence in ionic crystals." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 79 (May 1996): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(96)02815-0.

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26

Popov, E. V. "Ionic crystals: positron defectoscopy." Materials Science and Engineering: B 13, no. 2 (March 1992): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(92)90159-7.

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27

Chen, Shuai, and S. Holger Eichhorn. "Ionic Discotic Liquid Crystals." Israel Journal of Chemistry 52, no. 10 (October 2012): 830–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201200046.

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Kim, Hyo Na, and Kenneth S. Suslick. "Sonofragmentation of Ionic Crystals." Chemistry - A European Journal 23, no. 12 (January 31, 2017): 2778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201605857.

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Goossens, Karel, Kathleen Lava, Peter Nockemann, Kristof Van Hecke, Luc Van Meervelt, Kris Driesen, Christiane Görller-Walrand, Koen Binnemans, and Thomas Cardinaels. "Pyrrolidinium Ionic Liquid Crystals." Chemistry - A European Journal 15, no. 3 (January 5, 2009): 656–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200801566.

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Gołek, F., and E. Bauer. "ESD from ionic crystals." Surface Science 365, no. 2 (September 1996): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(96)00708-x.

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Jazkewitsch, Olga, and Helmut Ritter. "Polymerizable Ionic Liquid Crystals." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 30, no. 18 (July 8, 2009): 1554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.200900187.

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Belviso, Benny Danilo, Rosanna Caliandro, Shabnam Majidi Salehi, Gianluca Di Profio, and Rocco Caliandro. "Protein Crystallization in Ionic-Liquid Hydrogel Composite Membranes." Crystals 9, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9050253.

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Protein crystallization is a powerful purification tool. It is the first step for crystallographic structural investigations, and can be preparatory for biotechnological applications. However, crystallizing proteins is challenging and methods to control the crystallization process are needed. Ionic-liquid hydrogel composite membranes (IL-HCMs) have been used here as material capable of supporting protein crystallization and hosting grown crystals. We found that IL-HCMs affect the selection mechanism of glucose isomerase (GI) polymorphs and make GI crystals grow completely immersed into the hydrogel layer. X-ray diffraction studies show that IL ions do not bind to the protein, likely because IL molecules are constrained in the polymeric framework. Our GI crystal structures have been compared with many existing GI crystal structures using multivariate analysis tools, allowing a comprehensive overview of factors determining structural similarities, i.e., temperature variations and external stresses exerted during or after crystal growth, such as dehydration or presence of hydrogel of a different nature. GI crystals grown on IL-HCM fit perfectly in this framework, showing typical features induced by external forces. Overall, protein crystallization by IL-HCMs show potential for biotechnological applications, as it could constitute a natural means for containing crystallized enzymes in working conditions.

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Choudhury, R. R., R. Chitra, I. P. Makarova, V. L. Manomenova, E. B. Rudneva, A. E. Voloshin, and M. V. Koldaeva. "α-Nickel sulfate hexahydrate crystals: relationship of growth conditions, crystal structure and properties." Journal of Applied Crystallography 52, no. 6 (November 14, 2019): 1371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576719013797.

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Studies on α-nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NSH) crystals grown under different conditions are undertaken to investigate how changes in growth conditions affect crystal properties and whether or not there is any modification of the average crystal structure due to changes in crystallization conditions. Thermogravimetric and microhardness studies were carried out on the crystals grown from two different aqueous solutions, one of them containing an excess of sulfuric acid. Raman spectra were recorded and a single-crystal neutron diffraction investigation was conducted on both crystals. A detailed comparison between the two crystal structures and their Raman spectra showed that, although the two crystal structures are very similar, there are slight differences, such as the change in unit-cell volume, differences in the ionic structure, particularly of the sulfate ions, and changes in the hydrogen-bonding network. During solution crystal growth of a salt like NSH, varying the ionic environment around the solute ions influences the interionic interactions between them. Hence it is suggested that the above-mentioned structural differences result from a fine-tuning of the interionic interaction between the cations and anions of NSH in the solution phase. This difference is finally carried over to the crystalline phase. The resulting small crystal structure differences are enough to produce measurable changes in the thermal stability and fragility of the crystals. These differences in crystal properties can be explained on the basis of the observed structural differences between the two crystals grown under different conditions.

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Honda, Hisashi. "Ionic Dynamics in the Ionic Plastic Crystal NH4NO2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2007): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-10-1112.

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Using 1H NMR T1 and T1ρ measurements self-diffusion of NH4 + with an activation energy of (80 ± 10) kJ mol−1 was detected in the highest-temperature phase of NH4NO2 crystals. Narrow 15N NMR spectra of 15NH4NO2 and NH415NO2 revealed that the isotropic reorientation rates of NH4 + and NO2 − ions are rapid in the high-temperature solid phase. These results suggest that the high-temperature phase of NH4NO2 crystals forms an ionic plastic phase.

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35

Wang, Xiaohan, Riku Enomoto, and Yoichi Murakami. "Ionic additive strategy to control nucleation and generate larger single crystals of 3D covalent organic frameworks." Chemical Communications 57, no. 54 (2021): 6656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc01857d.

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36

Sharma, S. K., R. M. Misra, M. N. Sharma, and M. P. Madan. "Electronic polarizability of ions in the alkali-halide crystals." Canadian Journal of Physics 66, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p88-063.

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A theoretical estimate of the high-frequency dielectric constants is made using the molar polarizabilities for a number of alkali halides. These are shown to be in good agreement with the new and more reliable experimental data. Analysis by means of the additivity rule within the family of salts is used to compute the total free ion polarizability of ionic constituents and the change in polarizability when the ions are placed in a crystalline environment. Furthermore, the anion electronic polarizability in ionic crystals has been determined. It is found to vary from crystal to crystal, as opposed to the generally accepted assumption that each ion has the same polarizability in all compounds. The dependence of polarizability upon ionic radii has been discussed. The results from this simple analysis compare well with other determinations.

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Shcherbinin, Dmitrii Pavlovich, and Elena A. Konshina. "Impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on purification and contamination of nematic liquid crystals." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (December 21, 2017): 2766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.275.

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We have investigated the impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the ionic contamination of liquid crystals. Nematic liquid crystals with high and low initial ionic contamination have been examined. It has been shown that titanium dioxide nanoparticles reduced the ion density of liquid crystals with high initial ionic contamination from 134.5 × 1012 cm−3 to 63.2 × 1012 cm−3. In the case of liquid crystals with low initial ionic contamination, the nanoparticles led to an insignificant increase of ion density from 19.8 × 1012 cm−3 to 25.7 × 1012 cm−3.

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Hayasaki, Tomoyuki, Satoru Hirakawa, and Hisashi Honda. "Investigation of New Ionic Plastic Crystals in Tetraalkylammonium Tetrabuthylborate." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 69, no. 8-9 (September 1, 2014): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/zna.2014-0029.

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New plastic crystals of NEt3PrBBu4 and NEt2Pr2BBu4 were formed in a new region of ionic plastic crystal. In this area, globular cations and anions are assembled by weak interactions. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements of these salts showed a low entropy change of 19:6 and 14:0 JK-1 mol-1 at each melting point, respectively. On the basis of solid-state 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and electrical conductivity measurements, isotropic reorientation and ion transfer of globular cations and anions were detected in these crystals. The other compounds of NEtxMe(4-x)BBu4 (x = 1 - 3) showed tumbling motions and low activation energies of self-diffusion in crystals

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39

Saielli, Giacomo. "Special Issue Editorial: Ionic Liquid Crystals." Crystals 9, no. 5 (May 27, 2019): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9050274.

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40

Bugaenko, L. T., Yu A. Zakharov, S. M. Ryabykh, and D. G. Yakubik. "Radiation resistance of ionic and ionic-molecular crystals." High Energy Chemistry 41, no. 5 (September 2007): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0018143907050049.

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41

Atta, Nada F., Asmaa H. Ibrahim, and Ahmed Galal. "Nickel oxide nanoparticles/ionic liquid crystal modified carbon composite electrode for determination of neurotransmitters and paracetamol." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 1 (2016): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj01804h.

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42

Su, Xueqiong, Ruimin Wang, Huimin Yu, Jin Wang, Ruixiang Chen, He Ma, and Li Wang. "Improvement of X-ray Photoelectric Conversion Performance of MAPbI3 Perovskite Crystals by Ionic Liquid Treatment." Coatings 14, no. 5 (May 16, 2024): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14050633.

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Although perovskite has great potential in optoelectronic devices, the simultaneous satisfaction of material stability and high performance is still an issue that needs to be solved. Most perovskite optoelectronic devices use quantum dot spin coating or the gas-phase growth of perovskite thin films as the photoelectric conversion layer. Due to stability limitations, these materials often experience a significant decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency when encountering liquid reagents. The self-assembled growth of hybrid perovskite crystals determines superior lattice ordering and stability. There are three types of ionic liquids—[Emim]BF4, EMIMNTF2, and HMITFSI—that can effectively enhance the X-ray photoelectric conversion performance of hybrid perovskite crystal CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), and the enhancement in the photocurrent leads to an improvement in the sensitivity of X-ray detectors. We soak the perovskite crystals in an ionic liquid and perform two treatment methods: electrification and dilution with ETOH solution. It is interesting to find that MAPbI3 perovskite single crystal materials choose the same optimized ionic liquid species in X-ray detection and photovoltaic power generation applications, and the effect is quite the opposite. Compared with untreated MAPbI3 crystals, the average photocurrent density of Electrify-HMITFSI MAPbI3 increased by 826.85% under X-ray excitation and the sensitivity of X-ray detectors made from these treated MAPbI3 crystals significantly increased by 72.6%, but the intensity of the PL spectrum decreased to 90% of the untreated intensity.

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43

Urenski, P., G. Rosenman, and M. Molotskii. "Polarization reversal and domain anisotropy in flux-grown KTiOPO4 and isomorphic crystals." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 5 (May 2001): 1493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0208.

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Spontaneous polarization reversal and domain structures of flux-grown ferroelectric KTiOPO4 and isomorphic crystals were studied. Two temperature regions with dominant either ionic or electronic conductivity were found. It was shown that in the high-temperature region mobile cations contributed sufficiently to internal screening process. The ionic leakage current was suppressed at a specific temperature point for each studied crystal. High crystallographic asymmetry of domain wall velocity was observed. This shows that the electrode pattern should be properly oriented relative to the crystal axes of KTiOPO4 and its isomorphs for fabrication of periodically poled domain configurations used in nonlinear optical conversions.

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Renier, Olivier, Guillaume Bousrez, Mei Yang, Milena Hölter, Bert Mallick, Volodymyr Smetana, and Anja-Verena Mudring. "Developing design tools for introducing and tuning structural order in ionic liquids." CrystEngComm 23, no. 8 (2021): 1785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce01672a.

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Ionic liquids – ionic crystals – ionic liquid crystals? Structural order in imidazolium-based ILs, a series of asymmetrical 1-dodecyl-2-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium bromides, [C₁₂C₁C_nim][Br] with n = 0–12.

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45

Adinehnia, Morteza, Bryan Borders, Michael Ruf, Bhaskar Chilukuri, Ursula Mazur, and K. W. Hipps. "Structure-Function Correlation of Photoactive Ionic pi-Conjugated Binary Porphyrin Assemblies." MRS Advances 2, no. 42 (2017): 2267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.133.

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ABSTRACTWe present the first detailed structure-function study of a photoconducting ionic porphyrin supermolecular assembly, fabricated from tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP) and tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. Rod like crystals large enough for single crystal diffraction studies were grown by utilizing a nucleation and growth model described in our previous work. The unit cell of the TMPyP:TSPP crystals is monoclinic P21/c and the cell constants are a = 8.3049(11) Å, b = 16.413(2) Å, c = 29.185(3) Å, β = 92.477(9)°. These crystals have smooth well defined facets and their internal structure consists of highly organized molecular columns of alternating porphyrin cations and anions that are stacked face to face. For the first time crystal morphology (habit) of an ionic porphyrin solid is predicted by using the crystal structure data and applying attachment energy (AE) model. The predicted habit is in good agreement with the experimental structural morphology observed in AFM and SEM images of the TMPyP:TSPP crystalline solid. The TMPyP:TSPP crystals are non-conducting in the dark and are photoconducting. The photoconductive response is significantly faster with excitation in the Q-band (Red) than with excitation in the Soret band (blue). DFT calculations were performed to determine their electronic band structure and density of states. The TMPyP:TSPP crystalline system is a useful model structure that combine the elements of molecular organization and morphology along with theory and correlate them with electronic and optical electronic properties.

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Del Olmo, Rafael, Nerea Casado, Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez, Xiaoen Wang, and Maria Forsyth. "Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors Based on PEDOT:PolyDADMA and Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals." Polymers 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091981.

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Mixed ionic-electronic conductors, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are postulated to be the next generation materials in energy storage and electronic devices. Although many studies have aimed to enhance the electronic conductivity and mechanical properties of these materials, there has been little focus on ionic conductivity. In this work, blends based on PEDOT stabilized by the polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PolyDADMA X) are reported, where the X anion is either chloride (Cl), bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI), triflate (CF3SO3) or tosylate (Tos). Electronic conductivity values of 0.6 S cm−1 were achieved in films of PEDOT:PolyDADMA FSI (without any post-treatment), with an ionic conductivity of 5 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 70 °C. Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) based on the cation N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (C2mpyr+) with similar anions were added to synergistically enhance both electronic and ionic conductivities. PEDOT:PolyDADMA X / [C2mpyr][X] composites (80/20 wt%) resulted in higher ionic conductivity values (e.g., 2 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 70 °C for PEDOT:PolyDADMA FSI/[C2mpyr][FSI]) and improved electrochemical performance versus the neat PEDOT:PolyDADMA X with no OIPC. Herein, new materials are presented and discussed including new PEDOT:PolyDADMA and organic ionic plastic crystal blends highlighting their promising properties for energy storage applications.

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Yang, Ying, Xinyuan Zhang, Zhanggui Hu, and Yicheng Wu. "Organic Nonlinear Optical Crystals for Highly Efficient Terahertz-Wave Generation." Crystals 13, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010144.

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Terahertz (THz) technology is an emerging field that is promising for future applications. Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials can effectively convert incident light into the THz frequency range using optics methods. Ionic-type organic π-conjugated NLO crystals containing electron donor-π-acceptor motifs have long attracted attention for their possibility to achieve large nonlinear optical coefficients. In this paper, an overview of the recent progress in ionic-type organic NLO crystals for highly efficient THz wave generation is presented. The substitution design strategies of cations and anions, for increasing optical nonlinearities and reducing absorptions in different structure series, are summarized. In addition, the progress in crystal growth and their THz output performance are also discussed.

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Dziubek, Kamil F., and Andrzej Katrusiak. "Quantitative comparisons of structures." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 219, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zkri.219.1.1.25396.

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AbstractDiagrams of the shortest selected non-bonding distances illustrating and measuring the structural differences have been employed for analysing polymorphs, isostructural crystals, and crystal structures at varied thermodynamical conditions. The diagrams efficiently compare the interatomic, intermolecular or interionic distances, describe quantitatively the crystal packings, and facilitate finding the molecular or ionic features responsible for the formation of polymorphs, isostructural crystals, or strains induced by changes of temperature or pressure. It appears as an immediate conclusion from comparing the interactions in a series of polymorphs and isostructural crystals, that the close packing rule plays the crucial role for the formation of these structures.

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Sette, F., B. Sinkovic, Y. J. Ma, and C. T. Chen. "Crystal-field splitting of core excitons in ionic crystals." Physical Review B 39, no. 15 (May 15, 1989): 11125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.39.11125.

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50

Nakaoka, Y. "Crystal Structure Dependence of Hole Stability in Ionic Crystals." physica status solidi (b) 127, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221270133.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ionic crystals'

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