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Journal articles on the topic 'Ionic strength sensitivity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Weidgans, Bernhard M., Christian Krause, Ingo Klimant, and Otto S. Wolfbeis. "Fluorescent pH sensors with negligible sensitivity to ionic strength." Analyst 129, no. 7 (2004): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b404098h.

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2

Zhu, Xiu Fang, Wei Zhou, Hong Xia Zhang, and Yu Jing Nie. "Study on the Swelling and Deswelling of the PH / Thermosensitive Hydrogel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.1.

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From the point of view of molecule design, pH/temperature responsive hydrogels were prepared based on the acrylic acid with the excellent pH sensitivity and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) with the excellent temperature sensitivity by the traditional radical polymerization. Study focus on the swelling of the hydrogels, measurement of the swelling and deswelling under different ionic strength with various temperatures of the hydrogels were performed in our work. The results show that the ionic strength, the pH value and temperature are three key factors that affect the LCST of the hydrogel. In the

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3

Malektaj, Haniyeh, Aleksey D. Drozdov, and Jesper deClaville Christiansen. "Swelling of Homogeneous Alginate Gels with Multi-Stimuli Sensitivity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (2023): 5064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065064.

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A new two-step method is suggested for the preparation of homogeneous alginate gels. In the first step, alginate chains are weakly bonded by Ca2+ ions in an aqueous solution with a low pH. In the next step, the gel is immersed into a strong solution of CaCl2 to finalize the cross-linking process. Homogeneous alginate gels preserve their integrity in aqueous solutions with a pH ranging from 2 to 7 and ionic strength in the interval from 0 to 0.2 M, at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 50 °C, and can be used in biomedical applications. The immersion of these gels into aqueous solu

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4

Li, Zhi Jun. "Synthesis and Characteristics of Thermo-and pH-Sensitive PNIPAAm/PVP Hydrogels." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.190.

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Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm)/Poly (N-vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) hydrogels were prepared by irradiating the aqueous solution mixture of NIPAAm and PVP with electron beam. The effects of feed ratio, pH, and temperature on the swelling ratio of the hydrogels were investigated. It appeared that the hydrogels possessed both pH and temperature sensitivity, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAAm/PVP hydrogels increased with the increasing of PVP content in the copolymers. The experimental results also showed that the hydrogels were ionic strength sensitivity, the swelling rati

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5

Hardeman, Stanley, Theodore Nelson, Daniel Beirne, et al. "Sensitivity of novel ultrathin platinum film immunosensors to buffer ionic strength." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 24, no. 1-3 (1995): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4005(95)85021-x.

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6

BALLANTYNE, JAMES S., and CHRISTOPHER D. MOYES. "The Role of Divalent Cations and Ionic Strength in the Osmotic Sensitivity of Glutamate Oxidation in Oyster Gill Mitochondria." Journal of Experimental Biology 130, no. 1 (1987): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.130.1.203.

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The biochemical mechanism responsible for the osmotic sensitivity of glutamate oxidation in oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin) gill mitochondria was examined. The relative roles of osmotically induced changes in matrix divalent cation concentration and ionic strength were determined. The calcium-magnesium ionophore A23187 inhibited glutamate oxidation in both low- (40% of control rate) and high- (25% of control rate) osmolarity media. Addition of MgCl2 reversed A23187 inhibition, but at each MgCl2 concentration (1–5 mmol l−1) the rate of glutamate oxidation in the high-osmolarity medium was

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7

Murphy, Robyn M., D. George Stephenson, and Graham D. Lamb. "Effect of creatine on contractile force and sensitivity in mechanically skinned single fibers from rat skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 6 (2004): C1589—C1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00276.2004.

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Increasing the intramuscular stores of total creatine [TCr = creatine (Cr) + creatine phosphate (CrP)] can result in improved muscle performance during certain types of exercise in humans. Initial uptake of Cr is accompanied by an increase in cellular water to maintain osmotic balance, resulting in a decrease in myoplasmic ionic strength. Mechanically skinned single fibers from rat soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were used to examine the direct effects on the contractile apparatus of increasing [Cr], increasing [Cr] plus decreasing ionic strength, and increasing [Cr] a

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8

Cortese, J. D., A. L. Voglino, and C. R. Hackenbrock. "Ionic strength of the intermembrane space of intact mitochondria as estimated with fluorescein-BSA delivered by low pH fusion." Journal of Cell Biology 113, no. 6 (1991): 1331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.113.6.1331.

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The electrostatic interactions of cytochrome c with its redox partners and membrane lipids, as well as other protein interactions and biochemical reactions, may be modulated by the ionic strength of the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. FITC-BSA was used to determine the relative value of the mitochondrial intermembrane ionic strength with respect to bulk medium external to the mitochondrial outer membrane. FITC-BSA exhibited an ionic strength-dependent fluorescence change with an affinity in the mM range as opposed to its pH sensitivity in the microM range. A controlled, low pH-induce

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9

Pemrick, S. M., and P. A. Martinez. "ATP, uncomplexed by divalent cations, and the LC2 light chain are interdependent modifiers of the skeletal actomyosin MgATPase activity." Biochemical Journal 280, no. 1 (1991): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2800039.

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In the absence of troponin and tropomyosin, skeletal actomyosin MgATPase activity can be altered by 2-3-fold by divalent cations. The ‘sign’ of this effect (i.e. inhibition or activation) varies with ionic strength. To investigate the mechanism, P(i) liberation was analysed at both low and high ionic strength with three concentrations of MgATP and over a wide range of Mg2+ concentrations. This procedure separated the effects of two dependent variables, Mg2+ and ATP4-/3- (ATPfree), to provide the following observations. (1) ATPfree, not Mg2+ (nor Ca2+), was the modifier. (2) ATPfree was an acti

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10

Tintelott, Marcel, Tom Kremers, Sven Ingebrandt, Vivek Pachauri, and Xuan Thang Vu. "Realization of a PEDOT:PSS/Graphene Oxide On-Chip Pseudo-Reference Electrode for Integrated ISFETs." Sensors 22, no. 8 (2022): 2999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082999.

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A stable reference electrode (RE) plays a crucial role in the performance of an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) for bio/chemical sensing applications. There is a strong demand for the miniaturization of the RE for integrated sensor systems such as lab-on-a-chip (LoC) or point-of-care (PoC) applications. Out of several approaches presented so far to integrate an on-chip electrode, there exist critical limitations such as the effect of analyte composition on the electrode potential and drifts during the measurements. In this paper, we present a micro-scale solid-state pseudo-refere

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11

Li, Siheng, Hongyu Pan, Yuting Wang, and Junqi Sun. "Polyelectrolyte complex-based self-healing, fatigue-resistant and anti-freezing hydrogels as highly sensitive ionic skins." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 7 (2020): 3667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta13213a.

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Hydrogel-based self-healing ionic skins possess high mechanical strength, excellent resilience, anti-freezing properties and high sensitivity and can heal fatigue and mechanical damage to restore the original sensing performance.

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12

Bágel'ová, J., M. Antalík, and M. Bona. "Studies on cytochrome c-heparin interactions by differential scanning calorimetry." Biochemical Journal 297, no. 1 (1994): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2970099.

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The effects of heparin on the thermotropic properties of ferricytochrome c have been studied using high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. Saturating concentrations of heparin at low ionic strength induced an important shift of the transition temperature Tm from 84.1 degrees C to 59.8 degrees C. This was accompanied by unusually large cooperativity of thermal denaturation of this complex, indicating strong intermolecular interactions between protein molecules. The destabilization of cytochrome c when mixed with heparin was not observed at high ionic strength, under which conditions

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13

Cannon, Carolyn L., Srisaila Basavappa, and Kevin Strange. "Intracellular ionic strength regulates the volume sensitivity of a swelling-activated anion channel." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 275, no. 2 (1998): C416—C422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.2.c416.

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Cell swelling activates an outwardly rectifying anion channel termed VSOAC (volume-sensitive organic osmolyte/anion channel). Regulation of VSOAC by intracellular electrolytes was characterized in Chinese hamster ovary cells by whole cell patch clamp. Elevation of intracellular CsCl concentration from 40 to 180 mM resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in channel activation. Activation of VSOAC was insensitive to the salt gradient across the plasma membrane, the intracellular concentration of specific anions or cations, and the total intracellular concentration of cations, anions, or e

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14

Wang, Wei, Shiyang Yan, Yihong Zhao, Hao Liu, Luming Yang, and Biyu Peng. "Super Robust, Anti-Bacterial Polyurethane Ionogel with High Sensitivity and Hydrophobicity." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 119, no. 1 (2024): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v119i1.8293.

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Ionogel based on ionic liquids plays a vital role in wearable electronic devices. In this study, a robust and anti-bacterial ionogel with high sensitivity and hydrophobicity is synthesized by adding 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide to thermoplastic polyurethanes at a ratio of 1:1. The ionogel not only demonstrates tensile strength of 23.1 MPa and elongation at break of 1008%, but also exhibits excellent fatigue resistance with low residual strain (8%) and small hysteresis loop. Ionic liquid makes the ionogel have high-temperature stability (T5% near 300°C) and low

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15

Bizzarri, Anna Rita. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the miR-155 Duplex: Impact of Ionic Strength on Structure and Na+ and Cl− Ion Distribution." Molecules 29, no. 17 (2024): 4246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174246.

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MiR-155 is a multifunctional microRNA involved in many biological processes. Since miR-155 is overexpressed in several pathologies, its detection deserves high interest in clinical diagnostics. Biosensing approaches often exploit the hybridization of miR-155 with its complementary strand. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were applied to investigate the complex formed by miR-155 and its complementary strand in aqueous solution with Na+ and Cl− ions at ionic strengths in the 100–400 mM range, conditions commonly used in biosensing experiments. We found that the main structural properties of t

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16

Huang, Yifan, Wenfeng Fan, Jinliang Wu, Xinglong Xiang, and Guan Wang. "Experimental Study on Strength and Microstructure of Glacial Till Stabilized by Ionic Soil Stabilizer." Buildings 12, no. 9 (2022): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091446.

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Glacial till, widely distributed in southwest China, is a special soil directly deposited by detritus formed from melting Quaternary glaciers. In this paper, the F1 ionic soil stabilizer was adopted for stabilizing the glacial till to improve its mechanical strength. A series of micro and macro tests were carried out to study the mechanical properties and microstructure of stabilized soil with the F1 ionic soil stabilizer. The results show that the F1 ionic soil stabilizer can destroy the diffuse double layer structure on the surface of glacial till particles and reduce the thickness of the ad

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17

Wang, Xingwei, Jian-dong Li, Xu Wang, Yanjie Zhang, Daijun Jiang, and Guanhua Zhao. "Study on Strength and Microstructure of Red Clay Reinforced by F1 Ionic Soil Stabilizer." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (2022): 9831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199831.

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High-liquid limit red clay has poor engineering characteristics, namely poor water stability, low strength, and large expansion and contraction deformation. The clay may be reinforced with an F1 ionic soil stabilizer. The engineering characteristics of this reinforced clay were studied, specifically concerning its basic physical parameters, shear strength parameters, and micropore structure. The F1 ionic soil stabilizer significantly improved the water sensitivity, compaction characteristics, and shear strength of red clay. We determined that the optimal F1 ionic soil stabilizer mix was 0.5 L/

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18

Atzei, Davide, Francesco Lavecchia di Tocco, and Anna Rita Bizzarri. "Ionic Strength Investigation on the Interaction Between miR-155 and a PNA-Based Probe by Atomic Force Spectroscopy." Biomolecules 15, no. 5 (2025): 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15050634.

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Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are synthetic analogues of DNA/RNA characterized by the absence of negative phosphate groups, which confer a low sensitivity to ionic strength for hybridization with respect to the canonical counterpart. PNAs are a suitable probe for miRNAs, as well as endogenous molecules of single-strand non-coding RNA whose dysregulation is often linked to several diseases. The interaction forces between PNA and microRNA-155 (miR-155), a multifunctional microRNA overexpressed in a variety of tumors, were investigated by Atomic Force Spectroscopy (AFS) in fluid under different co

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19

McGaughy, Kyle, Jay P. Wilhelm, and M. Toufiq Reza. "Ion Selective Electrodes for Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Monitoring: Effects of Ionic Strength on Selective Ions." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (2019): 3085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153085.

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Ion selective electrodes (ISE) were evaluated for use in a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater monitoring system. Calcium, chloride, nitrate, and nitrite ISE’s were calibrated in a broad range of concentrations that were designed to model an actual FGD wastewater sample that was obtained from an industrial partner. Ideal Nernst, Modified Nernst, and a multiparameter regression analysis was performed for each electrode and evaluated on general fit and sensitivity at anticipated operating conditions. The Ideal Nernst equation, even with correction for ionic strength, was not able to proper

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20

Purwidyantri, Agnes, Telma Domingues, Jérôme Borme, et al. "Influence of the Electrolyte Salt Concentration on DNA Detection with Graphene Transistors." Biosensors 11, no. 1 (2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11010024.

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Liquid-gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistors (GFET) are ultrasensitive bio-detection platforms carrying out the graphene’s exceptional intrinsic functionalities. Buffer and dilution factor are prevalent strategies towards the optimum performance of the GFETs. However, beyond the Debye length (λD), the role of the graphene-electrolytes’ ionic species interactions on the DNA behavior at the nanoscale interface is complicated. We studied the characteristics of the GFETs under different ionic strength, pH, and electrolyte type, e.g., phosphate buffer (PB), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), in a

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21

Guest, S., V. Ngo, and M. Hefford. "Circular Dichroism Reveals Sensitivity of Glucagon Solution Structure to Fluoroalcohols, pH and Ionic Strength." Protein & Peptide Letters 15, no. 8 (2008): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986608785203809.

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22

Basu, Joyeeta, and Chirasree Roychaudhuri. "Biomolecule Detection in High Ionic Strength With Enhanced Sensitivity Using Graphene Nanogrid FET Immunosensor." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 3 (2018): 9881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.10.182.

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23

Fay, Philip J., Maria Mastri, and Mary E. Koszelak. "Factor VIIIa cofactor activity shows enhanced ionic strength sensitivity in the absence of phospholipid." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology 1548, no. 1 (2001): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00225-4.

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24

Murrell-Lagnado, R. D., and R. W. Aldrich. "Energetics of Shaker K channels block by inactivation peptides." Journal of General Physiology 102, no. 6 (1993): 977–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.102.6.977.

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A synthetic peptide of the NH2-terminal inactivation domain of the ShB channel blocks Shaker channels which have an NH2-terminal deletion and mimics many of the characteristics of the intramolecular inactivation reaction. To investigate the role of electrostatic interactions in both peptide block and the inactivation process we measured the kinetics of block of macroscopic currents recorded from the intact ShB channel, and from ShB delta 6-46 channels in the presence of peptides, at different ionic strengths. The rate of inactivation and the association rate constants (k(on)) for the ShB pepti

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25

Zhou, Yafei, Junfeng Zhan, Xiang Gao, Cao Li, Konstantin Chingin, and Zhanggao Le. "The cation−anion interaction in ionic liquids studied by extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 7 (2014): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0023.

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Ionic liquids, known as green solvents, are of sustainable interest in modern chemistry, industry, and many other fields. Here, extractive electrospray ionization has been applied to transfer various room temperature ionic liquids into the gas phase for mass spectrometry analysis. Generated mass spectra display free cations (C+), anions (A–), and small salt clusters, such as C2A+ and CA2–, from strongly diluted ionic liquid samples (<10−8 mol/L) with high sensitivity and tolerance to chemical contamination. The eight ionic liquids based on the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with differe

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26

Harrison, S. M., and D. M. Bers. "Correction of proton and Ca association constants of EGTA for temperature and ionic strength." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 256, no. 6 (1989): C1250—C1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.6.c1250.

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The association constants of ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) for protons and Ca can be used to calculate the apparent association constant of EGTA for Ca (K'CaEGTA). This value is often used in calculating the free [Ca2+] of complex solutions such as those used to determine the Ca sensitivity of skinned muscle fibers. As association constants are usually measured at 0.1 M ionic strength and between 20 and 25 degrees C, these constants must first be adjusted for conditions different from those at which they were measured, before calculation of K'CaEG

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27

El-Yazbi, Amira, and Glen R. Loppnow. "Locked nucleic acid hairpin detection of UV-induced DNA damage." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 89, no. 3 (2011): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-165.

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The exposure of DNA to radiation and chemical insults leads to damage and disease. Thus, detection and understanding of DNA damage is important for elucidating molecular mechanisms of disease. However, current methods of DNA damage detection are either time-consuming, destroy the sample, or are too specific to be used for generic detection of damage. In this paper, we examine the sensitivity of different locked nucleic acid (LNA) hairpin probes for detecting UV-induced oligonucleotide damage to LNA composition, target concentration, and ionic strength. We also compare the selectivity of the LN

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28

Cheng, Yu-Hsuan, Charmi Chande, Zhenglong Li, Niranjan Haridas Menon, Sreerag Kaaliveetil, and Sagnik Basuray. "Optimization of Electrolytes with Redox Reagents to Improve the Impedimetric Signal for Use with a Low-Cost Analyzer." Biosensors 13, no. 12 (2023): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13120999.

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The most well-known criterion for POC devices is ASSURED, and affordability, i.e., using low-cost instrumentation, is the most challenging one. This manuscript provides a pathway for transitioning ESSENCE, an impedance-based biosensor platform, from using an expensive benchtop analyzer—KeySight 4294A (~$50k)—to using a significantly portable and cheaper USB oscilloscope—Analog Discovery 2 (~$200) —with similar sensitivity (around 100 times price difference). To achieve this, we carried out a fundamental study of the interplay between an electrolyte like potassium chloride (KCl), and an electro

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29

Zhang, Bing, Xu Zhang, Kening Wan, et al. "Dense Hydrogen-Bonding Network Boosts Ionic Conductive Hydrogels with Extremely High Toughness, Rapid Self-Recovery, and Autonomous Adhesion for Human-Motion Detection." Research 2021 (April 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9761625.

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The construction of ionic conductive hydrogels with high transparency, excellent mechanical robustness, high toughness, and rapid self-recovery is highly desired yet challenging. Herein, a hydrogen-bonding network densification strategy is presented for preparing a highly stretchable and transparent poly(ionic liquid) hydrogel (PAM-r-MVIC) from the perspective of random copolymerization of 1-methyl-3-(4-vinylbenzyl) imidazolium chloride and acrylamide in water. Ascribing to the formation of a dense hydrogen-bonding network, the resultant PAM-r-MVIC exhibited an intrinsically high stretchabilit

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30

Tlili, Amal, Ghada Attia, Sohayb Khaoulani, et al. "Contribution to the Understanding of the Interaction between a Polydopamine Molecular Imprint and a Protein Model: Ionic Strength and pH Effect Investigation." Sensors 21, no. 2 (2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020619.

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Several studies were devoted to the design of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based sensors for the detection of a given protein. Here, we bring elements that could contribute to the understanding of the interaction mechanism involved in the recognition of a protein by an imprint. For this purpose, a polydopamine (PDA)-MIP was designed for bovine serum albumin (BSA) recognition. Prior to BSA grafting, the gold surfaces were functionalized with mixed self-assembled monolayers of (MUDA)/(MHOH) (1/9, v/v). The MIP was then elaborated by dopamine electropolymerization and further extraction of

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31

Smith, Stephanie A., and James H. Morrissey. "Properties of Recombinant Human Thromboplastin that Determine Sensitivity to Vitamin K-Dependent Coagulation Factors." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.533.533.

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Abstract Patients undergoing oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) with coumarins have reduced plasma levels of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. The primary laboratory test for monitoring OAT is the prothrombin time (PT), in which clotting is initiated by tissue factor (TF). Clotting factors that contribute to the PT, and whose levels respond to OAT, are factor VII (FVII), factor X (FX), and prothrombin, although they are not suppressed to the same extent. Thromboplastin reagents (the source of TF activity in PT tests) can vary dramatically in their sensitivities to the effects of OAT. A calib

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32

Xiong, Chenwei, Boyin Zhang, Rong Zhang, and Yifan Liu. "An Experimental and Numerical Study of Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel Ionic Diodes: Towards Electrical Detection of Charged Biomolecules." Sensors 21, no. 24 (2021): 8279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248279.

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Polyelectrolyte hydrogel ionic diodes (PHIDs) have recently emerged as a unique set of iontronic devices. Such diodes are built on microfluidic chips that feature polyelectrolyte hydrogel junctions and rectify ionic currents owing to the heterogeneous distribution and transport of ions across the junctions. In this paper, we provide the first account of a study on the ion transport behavior of PHIDs through an experimental investigation and numerical simulation. The effects of bulk ionic strength and hydrogel pore confinement are experimentally investigated. The ionic current rectification (IC

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TIKOO, Kulbhushan, Q. Anwar HAMID, and Ziledar ALI. "Structure of active chromatin: higher-order folding of transcriptionally active chromatin in control and hypothyroid rat liver." Biochemical Journal 322, no. 1 (1997): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3220289.

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Investigations have been carried out into the salt-induced higher-order folding in the transcriptionally active chromatin region of rat liver nuclei by nuclease digestion, sedimentation and CD. The sensitivity of active chromatin in nuclei to micrococcal nuclease was suppressed by raising the ionic strength from 25 to 90 mM, indicating the occurrence of salt-induced condensation. The rate of sedimentation of fractionated inactive chromatin fragments of both moderate (∼3.5 kbp) and large (∼8.8 kbp) size increased maximally to the same extent, while that of active chromatin fragments was depende

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34

Nashed, Nour, Stephanie Chan, Matthew Lam, Taravat Ghafourian, and Ali Nokhodchi. "Effect of pH, Ionic Strength and Agitation Rate on Dissolution Behaviour of 3D-Printed Tablets, Tablets Prepared from Ground Hot-Melt Extruded Filaments and Physical Mixtures." Biomedicines 11, no. 2 (2023): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020375.

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With the current focus on 3D-printing technologies, it is essential to understand the processes involved in such printing methods and approaches to minimize the variability in dissolution behaviour to achieve better quality control outcomes. For this purpose, two formulations of theophylline tablets were prepared using hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and ethyl cellulose (EC). Among the two types of tablets, three different methods (physical mixture (PM), hot-melt extrusion (HME) and 3D-printing fused deposition modelling (FDM)) were applied and their dissolution behaviours were studied under var

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35

Omidian, Hossein, and Sumana Dey Chowdhury. "High-Performing Conductive Hydrogels for Wearable Applications." Gels 9, no. 7 (2023): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070549.

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Conductive hydrogels have gained significant attention for their extensive applications in healthcare monitoring, wearable sensors, electronic devices, soft robotics, energy storage, and human–machine interfaces. To address the limitations of conductive hydrogels, researchers are focused on enhancing properties such as sensitivity, mechanical strength, electrical performance at low temperatures, stability, antibacterial properties, and conductivity. Composite materials, including nanoparticles, nanowires, polymers, and ionic liquids, are incorporated to improve the conductivity and mechanical

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36

Zhu, Xiu Fang, Wei Zhou, Hong Xia Zhang, and Yu Jing Nie. "The Synthesis and Feature of the Hydrogel Sensitive to PH/Electronic Field." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.398.

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From the point of view of molecule design, a series of pH/electronic field responsive hydrogels were prepared based on the acrylic acid with the excellent pH and electronic field sensitivity. Studyed on the basic physical characteristic, like density, molecular weight, equilibrium water content, crosslink density and fixed charge density etc.discussed the effect mechanism and trends that ionic strength,pH value and electronic field to the swelling ratio of the hydrogels .

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Pappone, P. A., and G. L. Barchfeld. "Modifications of single acetylcholine-activated channels in BC3H-1 cells. Effects of trimethyloxonium and pH." Journal of General Physiology 96, no. 1 (1990): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.96.1.1.

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We have examined the effects of chemical modification with trimethyloxonium (TMO) and changes in external pH on the properties of acetylcholine (ACh)-activated channels in BC3H-1 cells, a clonal muscle cell line. TMO reacts covalently and specifically with carboxylic acid moieties in proteins to convert them to neutral methyl esters. In BC3H-1 cells TMO modification reduces the whole-cell response to ACh measured at negative membrane potentials by approximately 60%. G omega seal patch-clamp recordings of single ACh channel currents showed that the reduction in ACh sensitivity is due to alterat

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Aldewachi, Hasan, Nicola Woodroofe, and Philip Gardiner. "Study of the Stability of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for the Colorimetric Detection of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122589.

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In this report, we investigated three stabilization strategies of gold nanoparticles and their practical application for the visual detection of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). Citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are generally unstable in high-ionic-strength samples. Au NPs are easily tagged with various proteins and biomolecules rich in amino acids, leading to important biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, cellular imaging, and biosensing. The investigated assays were based on different modes of stabilization, such as the incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG

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Lin, Fengcai, Yiwen Zhu, Zixuan You, et al. "Ultrastrong and Tough Urushiol-Based Ionic Conductive Double Network Hydrogels as Flexible Strain Sensors." Polymers 15, no. 15 (2023): 3219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153219.

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Ionic conductive hydrogels have attracted increasing research interest in flexible electronics. However, the limited resilience and poor fatigue resistance of current ionic hydrogels significantly restrict their practical application. Herein, an urushiol-based ionic conductive double network hydrogel (PU/PVA-Li) was developed by one-pot thermal initiation polymerization assisted with freeze–thaw cycling and subsequent LiCl soaking. Such a PU/PVA-Li hydrogel comprises a primary network of covalently crosslinked polyurushiol (PU) and a secondary network formed by physically crosslinked poly(viny

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Meng, Lifen, Jingsong Lv, Qianzhu Li, Ye Tan, Zhi Xia, and Haizhi Wu. "Determination of Metal Ions in Pinellia ternata by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detector." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 1 (2022): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3165.

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In this study, trace amounts of heavy metal ions copper, lead, mercury and cobalt in Pinellia ternata samples were detected by ionic liquid ultrasonic assisted dispersion liquid–liquid microextraction, combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector. The method used sodium diethyldithiocarbamate as complexing agent and phosphoric acid ionic liquid Trihexyl(tetradecyl) phosphine bis[(2,4,4-trimethyl)] amyl phosphonate (cyclophosphate IL104) as extractant. Methanol: 0.2% phosphoric acid (60:40) was used as mobile phase for separation and UV detector was used for detecti

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Huang, Zhenkai, Jiahuan Xie, Tonggen Li, Liguo Xu, Peijiang Liu, and Jianping Peng. "Highly Transparent, Mechanically Robust, and Conductive Eutectogel Based on Oligoethylene Glycol and Deep Eutectic Solvent for Reliable Human Motions Sensing." Polymers 16, no. 19 (2024): 2761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16192761.

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Recently, eutectogels have emerged as ideal candidates for flexible wearable strain sensors. However, the development of eutectogels with robust mechanical strength, high stretchability, excellent transparency, and desirable conductivity remains a challenge. Herein, a covalently cross-linked eutectogel was prepared by exploiting the high solubility of oligoethylene glycol in a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent (DES) form of acrylic acid (AA) and choline chloride (ChCl). The resulting eutectogel exhibited high transparency (90%), robust mechanical strength (up to 1.5 MPa), high stretchability

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Zewude, Dagmawi Abebe, Masaaki Akamatsu, and Shinsuke Ifuku. "Structural Color of Partially Deacetylated Chitin Nanowhisker Film Inspired by Jewel Beetle." Materials 17, no. 21 (2024): 5357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17215357.

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Nanochitin was developed to effectively utilize crab shells, a food waste product, and there is ongoing research into its applications. Short nanowhiskers were produced by sonicating partially deacetylated nanochitin in water, resulting in a significant decrease in viscosity due to reduced entanglement of the nanowhiskers. These nanowhiskers self-assembled into a multilayered film through an evaporation technique. The macro- and nanoscale structures within the film manipulate light, producing vibrant and durable structural colors. The dried cast film exhibited green and purple stripes extendin

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Chulakasem, Weerawan, Jay A. Nelson, and John J. Magnuson. "Interaction between effects of low pH and low ion concentration on mortality during early development of medaka, Oryzias latipes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 9 (1989): 2158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-306.

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Eggs and fry of medaka, Oryzias latipes, were incubated continuously from shortly after fertilization until 7 days after hatching using a factorial design with four water conductivities (9, 16, 28, and 49 μS/cm) and four pH levels (4.2, 4.5, 5.6, or 6.6). Results on survival suggest that only during hatching can independent effects of pH and ionic strength be statistically separated. Mortalities of encapsulated embryos and fry were determined by interactions between pH and ionic strength. Sensitivity to dilute, low pH water was greatest in freshly fertilized eggs and 1- to 4-day-old fry. Egg m

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Zhang, Jiabing, Zilong He, Bin Shen, et al. "Mechanically Tunable Composite Hydrogel for Multi-Gesture Motion Monitoring." Biosensors 15, no. 7 (2025): 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15070412.

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Intrinsic conductive ionic hydrogels, endowed with excellent mechanical properties, hold significant promise for applications in wearable and implantable electronics. However, the complexity of exercise and athletics calls for mechanical tunability, facile processability and high conductivity of wearable sensors, which remains a persistent challenge. In this study, we developed a mechanically tunable and high ionic conductive hydrogel patch to approach multi-gesture or motion monitoring. Through adjustment of the ratio of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA),

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Soldatkin, O. O., I. S. Kucherenko, O. Ya Sayapina, et al. "DEVELOPMENT OF ARGININE DEIMINASE BASED CONDUCTOMETRIC BIOSENSOR FOR ARGININE DETERMINATION." Sensor Electronics and Microsystem Technologies 18, no. 2 (2021): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/1815-7459.2021.2.235200.

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For the first time, a conductometric enzyme biosensor was developed to determine arginine concentrations. The bioselective membrane of the biosensor was formed by immobilization of arginine deiminase on the surface of gold planar transducer using covalent crosslinking of glutaraldehyde with bovine serum albumin. An effect of the solution characteristics (ionic strength, buffer capacity) on the biosensor functioning was studied. The proposed monoenzyme biosensor was shown to have high sensitivity to arginine (minimum limit of detection - 5 μM) and good selectivity towards possible interferents.

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Ambhorkar, Pranav, Zongjie Wang, Hyuongho Ko, et al. "Nanowire-Based Biosensors: From Growth to Applications." Micromachines 9, no. 12 (2018): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9120679.

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Over the past decade, synthesized nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube, nanoparticle, quantum dot, and nanowire, have already made breakthroughs in various fields, including biomedical sensors. Enormous surface area-to-volume ratio of the nanomaterials increases sensitivity dramatically compared with macro-sized material. Herein we present a comprehensive review about the working principle and fabrication process of nanowire sensor. Moreover, its applications for the detection of biomarker, virus, and DNA, as well as for drug discovery, are reviewed. Recent advances including self-powering,

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Liu, Xingyu, Yan Liang, Yongtao Peng, Tingting Meng, Liling Xu, and Pengcheng Dong. "Sensitivity of the Transport of Plastic Nanoparticles to Typical Phosphates Associated with Ionic Strength and Solution pH." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (2022): 9860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179860.

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The influence of phosphates on the transport of plastic particles in porous media is environmentally relevant due to their ubiquitous coexistence in the subsurface environment. This study investigated the transport of plastic nanoparticles (PNPs) via column experiments, paired with Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek calculations and numerical simulations. The trends of PNP transport vary with increasing concentrations of NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 due to the coupled effects of increased electrostatic repulsion, the competition for retention sites, and the compression of the double layer. Higher pH tend

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Dupouy, D., P. Sié, F. Dol, and B. Boneu. "A Simple Method to Measure Dermatan Sulfate at Sub-Microgram Concentrations in Plasma." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 60, no. 02 (1988): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1647037.

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SummaryA simple method for biological assay of dermatan sulfate (DS) in plasma is described. DS accelerates thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II (HC II). The principle of the assay is to measure the residual amidolytic thrombin activity after a short period of incubation with HC II in defibrinated plasma at low ionic strength. For this method we take advantage of two observations. Firstly, at fixed concentrations of DS and of HC II, the rate of thrombin inhibition increases when the ionic strength of the medium decreases. Secondly, defibrination by bentonite absorption also removes antit

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Skopinska-Wisniewska, Joanna, Silvia De la Flor, and Justyna Kozlowska. "From Supramolecular Hydrogels to Multifunctional Carriers for Biologically Active Substances." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (2021): 7402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147402.

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Supramolecular hydrogels are 3D, elastic, water-swelled materials that are held together by reversible, non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, ionic, host–guest interactions, and metal–ligand coordination. These interactions determine the hydrogels’ unique properties: mechanical strength; stretchability; injectability; ability to self-heal; shear-thinning; and sensitivity to stimuli, e.g., pH, temperature, the presence of ions, and other chemical substances. For this reason, supramolecular hydrogels have attracted considerable attention as carriers for active substance

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Kim, Hyunro, Sungwook Park, and Kwan Hyi Lee. "Functional Group Discrimination of Neurotransmitters: A MOF-Based Electrochemical Sensor Array Approach." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 66 (2024): 4990. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02664990mtgabs.

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In the realm of small-molecule analysis, specifically neurotransmitters, the use of extended-gate field-effect transistor (EG-FET) transducers face hurdles due to the absence of target-specific receptors and interference from high-ionic-strength media. To address this challenge, our study introduces a novel approach employing two-dimensional conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as sensing components for EG-FET biosensors targeting neurotransmitters. By applying thin films of conductive MOFs onto the extended gate of EG-FET, we achieved remarkable sensitivity, enabling the detection of ca

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