Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ionisation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ionisation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 March 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ionisation"

1

Ford, M. J. "Studies of the Electron-impact Double-ionisation Process in Magnesium using Coincidence Techniques." Australian Journal of Physics 51, no. 4 (1998): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p98013.

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This article will review recent measurements of the electron-impact double-ionisation of atomic magnesium. Results for the resonant Auger double-ionisation process with coincident detection of all three outgoing electrons, the (e, 3e) experiment, and for the direct double-ionisation process where only two outgoing electrons are detected, the (e, (3 – 1)e) experiment, will be discussed. The results are analysed with reference to ionisation mechanisms and comparisons are made with calculated double-ionisation cross sections.
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Ong, Duu Sheng, Ai Hui Tan, Kan Yeep Choo, Keat Hoe Yeoh, and John P. R. David. "Weibull-Fréchet random path length model for avalanche gain and noise in photodiodes." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 6 (November 2, 2021): 065105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac31f0.

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Abstract A four-parameter Weibull-Fréchet (WF) distribution function has been introduced in the random path length (RPL) model for nonlocal modelling of soft-threshold ionisation in semiconductors. The WF function has been demonstrated to be capable of reproducing the realistic probability distribution function (PDF) of electron and hole ionisation path lengths extracted from full band Monte Carlo (FBMC) transport simulations of bulk GaAs. The electron-initiated multiplication in GaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) calculated by the WF-RPL model is in excellent agreement with the results from FBMC. The predicted excess noise factor is closer to that of FBMC as compared to the hard threshold RPL model. The advantage of this improved RPL model as a tool for predicting the PDF of electron and hole ionisation path lengths in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 from the experimentally measured avalanche gain and noise has been analysed. The electron ionisation path length PDF of AlAs0.56Sb0.44 has a unique feature of two decay rates with a narrow full width at half maximum and a long tail. The extremely low hole ionisation coefficient in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 is found with a PDF of ionisation path length spanning over 50 µm at an electric field of 600 kVcm−1, supporting the very low hole feedback ionisation in AlAs0.56Sb0.44 APDs. The combination of the detailed and peaked electron’s ionisation path length PDF and of the broad hole’s ionisation path length PDF is responsible for the extremely low avalanche noise in the 1.55 µm thick AlAs0.56Sb0.44 APDs.
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REED, VALERIE C. "SUPERINTENSE FIELD IONISATION SUPPRESSION IN THE HIGH FREQUENCY REGIME." Modern Physics Letters B 06, no. 12 (May 20, 1992): 683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984992000776.

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We present a brief review of the subject of ionisation suppression, or atomic stabilisation, in intense laser fields. As a preliminary, we outline the general non-linear response of an atom to a strong laser field, describing multiphoton ionisation and harmonic generation. We then discuss methods of suppressing the ionisation rate from an atom, considering two broad regimes: strong field ionisation (I < 1016 W/cm 2), in which the suppression mechanism in generally interpreted in terms of quantum interference; and superintense field ionisation (I > 1016 W/cm 2), in which the Kramers-Henneberger frame is used to interpret why atomic stabilisation can occur.
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McKoy, V., SN Dixit, RL Dubs, and DL Lynch. "Dynamics of Single­ and Multi-photon Ionisation Processes in Molecules." Australian Journal of Physics 39, no. 5 (1986): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph860761.

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Single-photon ionisation and resonant multiphoton ionisation studies, which can now be carried out using synchrotron radiation and pulsed dye lasers respectively, are providing important dynamical information on molecular photoionisation. In this paper we discuss some results of our recent studies of several, single- and multi-photon ionisation processes in molecules. The results will be taken from our studies of (i) single-photon ionisation of linear molecules with emphasis on the role of shape and autoionising resonances on these cross� sections, (ii) photoionisation from oriented NiCO as a simple but realistic model of photoemission in adsorbate-substrate systems, and (iii) resonant multiphoton ionisation of H2.
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Padma, R., and PC Deshmukh. "Near-threshold Behaviour of Generalised Oscillator Strengths for 2p Ionisation." Australian Journal of Physics 47, no. 3 (1994): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph940271.

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Near the ionisation threshold, the behaviour of the generalised oscillator strength (GOS) is sensitive to the choice of the model atomic potential. In electron-impact ionisation, 'delayed maxima' of the GOS often occur near the ionisation threshold due to centrifugal barrier effects. In the present work, the sensitivity of this important effect of the centrifugal barrier to the model atomic potential has been studied using two local density atomic potentials, namely, the nonrelativistic Hartree-Slater potential and the relativistic RCB potential. Calculations have been done for electron-impact 2p ionisation of atomic oxygen, neon, aluminium, argon, iron and zinc. The GOS results for 2p ionisation of oxygen and aluminium are presented to illustrate the results.
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Ernest, A., SC Haydon, and MT Elford. "Excited-state Quenching Phenomena in Weakly Ionised Nitrogen." Australian Journal of Physics 39, no. 4 (1986): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph860479.

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A number of studies of the ionisation behaviour of molecular nitrogen have revealed the importance of N 2(A 3L ;;) metastable particles which are created by direct electron impact excitation or cascade processes. More recent studies using cleaner gas samples have indicated that the ionisation current may be affected by the presence of a second metastable particle. The possible identity of this second metastable particle and the sensitivity of the ionisation current to its presence have been investigated by observing the changes in the pre-breakdown ionisation current as a function of the purity of the N 2 gas samples. Both the spatial and temporal behaviour of the ionisation current were observed. Particular care was required in this study to ensure that stable electrode surface conditions were obtained and the procedures adopted are described in detail. The addition of CO and H2 to the N 2 samples at the parts per million level confirmed the dominant quenching action of CO. Further consideration of the spatial growth of ionisation has demonstrated that an ionisation mechanism involving both N2(A 3L ;;) and N2(a' 1 L;;-) particles provides a plausible explanation for the observations and should be further investigated.
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Prashant, Abhishek, Meetu Luthra, Kanupriya Goswami, Anand Bharadvaja, and Kasturi Lal Baluja. "Positron Scattering from Pyrimidine." Atoms 11, no. 3 (March 10, 2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11030055.

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The positron impact cross-sections of pyrimidine molecules are reported from 1 eV to 5000 eV. These cross-sections include differential elastic, integral elastic, and direct ionisation. The elastic cross-sections are computed using the single-centre expansion scheme whereas the direct ionisation cross-sections are obtained using the binary-encounter-Bethe formula. The integral and differential cross-sections exhibit consistency with the experimental and other theoretical results. The direct ionisation cross-sections, which are reported for the first time, are compared with the experimental inelastic cross-sections (the sum of excitation and ionisation) to assess the trends in theoretically computed ionisation cross-sections and with the corresponding results for the electrons. The incoherently summed elastic and ionisation cross-sections match very well with the total cross-sections after 40 eV indicating the minimal impact of the positronium formation and electronic excitation processes. Based on this study, we recommend that the experimental data of the inelastic cross-sections reported by Palihawadana et al. be revisited.
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Gates, Paul J. "Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry for the routine analysis of low molecular weight analytes." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 27, no. 1 (February 2021): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14690667211005055.

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The routine analysis of low molecular weight analytes by mass spectrometry is often complicated by the lability of the analyte’s functional groups and/or the lack of moieties that can be easily charged. If a molecule is too labile this precludes analysis by techniques such as electron ionisation or chemical ionisation as the analyte will undergo thermal decomposition prior to ionisation as well as spontaneous fragmentation during the ionisation process. If the analyte has a low propensity to form ions in electrospray ionisation (i.e., lacks acidic or basic sites) then often no analyte related ions are observed. In this paper, the robustness and versatility of the established method of atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation is demonstrated for the analysis of low molecular weight analytes. The utility of the technique is demonstrated through the analysis of 30 reference standards of varying functionality, and further by the analysis of 75 synthetic samples which were problematic when analysed by electron or electrospray ionisation. The resulting spectra are dominated by intact molecular species ([M+H]+ and M+ in positive ion mode and [M − H]− and [M + Cl]− in negative ion mode) along with logical neutral losses reminiscent of what you might expect from the analyte’s structure (losses of H2O from alcohols or CO from aldehydes etc). This paper presents atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation as an essential tool for broadening the chemical space of successful analyses for any routine mass spectrometry service laboratory of facility.
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Pagano, P., A. Bemporad, and D. H. Mackay. "Hydrogen non-equilibrium ionisation effects in coronal mass ejections." Astronomy & Astrophysics 637 (May 2020): A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037638.

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Context. A new generation of coronagraphs used to study solar wind and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are being developed and launched. These coronagraphs will heavily rely on multi-channel observations where visible light (VL) and UV-EUV (ultraviolet-extreme ultraviolet) observations provide new plasma diagnostics. One of these instruments, Metis on board ESA-Solar Orbiter, will simultaneously observe VL and the UV Lyman-α line. The number of neutral hydrogen atoms (a small fraction of coronal protons) is a key parameter for deriving plasma properties, such as the temperature from the observed Lyman-α line intensity. However, these measurements are significantly affected if non-equilibrium ionisation effects occur, which can be relevant during CMEs. Aims. The aim of this work is to determine if non-equilibrium ionisation effects are relevant in CMEs and, in particular, when and in which regions of the CME plasma ionisation equilibrium can be assumed for data analysis. Methods. We used a magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of a magnetic flux rope ejection to generate a CME. From this, we then reconstructed the ionisation state of hydrogen atoms in the CME by evaluating both the advection of neutral and ionised hydrogen atoms and the ionisation and recombination rates in the MHD simulation. Results. We find that the equilibrium ionisation assumption mostly holds in the core of the CME, which is represented by a magnetic flux rope. In contrast, non-equilibrium ionisation effects are significant at the CME front, where we find about 100 times more neutral hydrogen atoms than prescribed by ionisation equilibrium conditions. We find this to be the case even if this neutral hydrogen excess might be difficult to identify due to projection effects. Conclusions. This work provides key information for the development of a new generation of diagnostic techniques that aim to combine visible light and Lyman-α line emissions. The results show that non-equilibrium ionisation effects need to be considered when we analyse CME fronts. Incorrectly assuming equilibrium ionisation in these regions would lead to a systematic underestimate of plasma temperatures.
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Lohmann, Birgit, S. J. Cavanagh, M. A. Haynes, I. Taouil, A. Duguet, and A. Lahmam-Bennani. "Investigating Inner Shell Ionisation via the (e, 2e) Technique." Australian Journal of Physics 51, no. 4 (1998): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p97093.

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The (e, 2e) technique has been applied successfully to valence shell ionisation of many targets, but studies of inner shell ionisation by this technique have been limited. The triple differential cross section for the latter process exhibits behaviour which is very different to that observed for valence shell ionisation, particularly when the energy of the slow ejected electron is decreased below the binding energy of the inner shell orbital. Our recent results for inner shell ionisation of argon and krypton will be discussed, and comparisons made with distorted wave calculations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ionisation"

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Grant, John. "Measuring mesospheric ionisation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6072.

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The differential absorption method of retrieving D-region electron density profiles from partially reflected MF radar pulses, has existed in many variants since the original Gardner and Pawsey experiment of 1953. Magnetoionic theory predicts that a pulse propagating within the ionosphere undergoes birefringence two magnetoionic modes. The differential absorption method requires that both the differential absorption and the ratio of the reflection coefficients of those modes are evaluated from a model profile. In this thesis, a critical review of the differential absorption method is undertaken. Results obtained using the phase shifted correlation polarimeter at the University of Canterbury's Birdlings Flat radar facility near Christchurch, New Zealand, are synthesised to retrieve electron density measurements. The results indicate that over some height ranges, differential absorption method does not account adequately for ionospheric discontinuities and generates reflection coefficient ratios which are in error. An alternative to the differential absorption method is developed. This alternative uses an optimal estimation inverse method to retrieve both electron density-height and gradient electron density-height profiles. It is asserted that this retrieval, although not resolving small scale discontinuities, does account for them. The retrieval uses a forward model which includes the physical effects of the ionosphere upon a propagating MF pulse. A feature of the forward model is that as well as using a Fresnel reflection model and parameterising pulse width effects, it includes the effects of both absorption and Faraday rotation upon the magnetoionic modes of propagating pulses. Hourly mean electron density-height and gradient .electron density-height profiles are generated for the hours of 10:00 to 14:00 every day, over the time period of January 1994 to December 1999, The results of these retrievals are used for internal and external validation as well as to assess geophysical effects upon the distributions of middle atmospheric nitric oxide. Results of diagnostic tests and the internal validation process indicate that the retrieval consistently converges towards solutions which can be regarded as approximating "true" ionospheric behaviour. The external validation results suggest that the optimal estimation electron densities contain structure which has been observed in other studies and which can be explained in terms of dynamics and chemistry. Analyses of long term and seasonal variability of nitric oxide transport are facilitated by using a simple photochemical model to derive nitric oxide profiles from optimal estimation electron density profiles. Results show that wintertime enhancement of nitric oxide transport to the mesosphere takes place. The extent of this enhancement varies from year to year with the downward extent of vertical transport of thermospheric nitric oxide showing inter-annual variability. Gradient electron densities may indicate the presence of mesospheric gravity wave breaking. They also exhibit a strong seasonal variation with large reductions at equinox possibly indicating a lack of breaking gravity waves at this time of year. The ratio of gradient electrons to electrons shows seasonal variability consistent with the notions that gravity wave breaking occurs over a broader range in winter than in summer and upward propagation of orographic gravity waves is favoured in winter.
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Carruthers, David Robert James. "Quantal threshold ionisation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333786.

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Dillon, Leonard A. "Electrospray ionisation of volatile analytes : a parametric study of secondary electrospray ionisation." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494308.

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With the development of the International Space Station and the planned increase in the duration of spacecraft missions NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) issued a challenge for the development of an on-board environmental monitoring system to analyse air and water within a space station. The response to the challenge within the University of Manchester was the Chip Hyphenation Project which sort to bring together miniaturised sampling, separation and detection systems into a single device. Linking the separation and detection systems was the process of ionisation. This study sought to investigate the potential of using electrospray ionisation as a generic ionisation source for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formed part of the Chip Hyphenation Project.
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Kara, Vanita. "Positron impact ionisation studies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394610.

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L'Huillier, Anne. "Ionisation multiphotonique et multielectronique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066268.

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Premiere mise en evidence experimentale d'ions multicharges de gaz rares crees par absorption multiphotonique a 532 et 1064 nm, pour differentes annees de l'impulsion laser (5 a 200 ps). Etude theorique utilisant un formalisme derive de la theorie des perturbations a n corps et des techniques diagrammatiques pour l'ionisation simple et double multiphotonique d'un atome a plusieurs electrons non independants
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L'Huillier, Anne. "Ionisation multiphotonique et multiélectronique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375991831.

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Forrest, David Alexander James. "The Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2839/.

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Outstanding areas of ambiguity within our present understanding of the nature and behaviour of neutrinos warrant the construction of a dedicated future facility capable of investigating the likely parameter space for the theta 1,3 mixing angle, the Dirac CP violating phase and clarifying the neutrino mass hierarchy. A number of potential discovery venues have been proposed including the beta beam, superbeam and neutrino factory accelerator facilities. Of these, the neutrino factory significantly outperforms the others. A neutrino factory will deliver intense beams of 10^21 neutrinos per year, produced from muons decaying in storage rings. This specification, coupled with the constraints of the short muon lifetime warrant the inclusion of a novel cooling channel to reduce the phase space volume of the beam to fall within the acceptance of the acceleration system. Ionisation cooling is the only viable cooling technique with efficacy over the lifetime of the muon, however, it has yet to be demonstrated in practice. In a full cooling channel, a muon beam will traverse a periodic absorber and accelerator lattice consisting of low Z absorbers enclosed by focusing coils and accelerating radio-frequency cavities. Energy loss in the absorbers reduces both transverse and longitudinal momentum. The latter is restored by the accelerating cavities providing a net reduction in transverse momentum and consequently reducing the phase space volume of the muon beam. The Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE), under construction at the ISIS synchrotron at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory seeks to provide both a first measurement and systematic study of ionisation cooling, demonstrated within the context of a single cell prototype of a cooling channel. The experiment will evolve incrementally toward its final configuration, with construction and scientific data taking schedules proceeding in parallel. The stated goal of MICE is to measure a fractional change in emittance of order 10% to an error of 1%. This thesis constitutes research into different aspects of MICE: design and implementation of the MICE configuration database, determination of the statistical errors and alignment tolerances associated with cooling measurements made using MICE, simulations and data analysis studying the performance of the luminosity monitor and a first analysis of MICE Step I data. A sophisticated information management solution based on a bi-temporal relational database and web service suite has been designed, implemented and tested. This system will enable the experiment to record geometry, calibration and cabling information in addition to beamline settings (including but not limited to magnet and target settings) and alarm handler limits. This information is essential both to provide an experimental context to the analysis user studying data at a later time and to experimenters seeking to reinstate previous settings. The database also allows corrections to be stored, for example to the geometry, whereby a later survey may clarify an incomplete description. The old and new geometries are both stored with reference to the same period of validity, indexed by the time they are added to the configuration database. This allows MICE users to recall both the best-known geometry of the experiment at a given time by default, as well as the history of what was known about the geometry as required. Such functionality is two dimensional in time, hence the choice of a bi-temporal database paradigm, enabling the collaboration to run new analyses with the most up to date knowledge of the experimental configuration and also repeat previous analyses which were based upon incomplete information. From Step III of MICE onwards, the phase space volume, or emittance, of the beam will be measured by two scintillating fibre trackers placed before and after the cooling cell. Since the two emittance measurements are made upon a similar sample of muons, the measurement errors are influenced by correlations. This thesis will show through an empirical approach that correlations act to reduce the statistical error by an order of magnitude. In order to meet its goals MICE must also quantify its systematic errors. A misalignment study is presented which investigates the sensitivity of the scintillating fibre trackers to translational and rotational misalignment. Tolerance limits of 1 mm and 0.3 mrad respectively allow MICE to meet the requirement that systematic errors due to misalignment of the trackers contribute no more than 10% of the total error. At present, MICE is in Step I of its development: building and commissioning a muon beamline which will be presented to a cooling channel in later stages of MICE. A luminosity monitor has been built and commissioned to provide a measurement of particle production from the target, normalise particle rate at all detectors and verify the physics models which will be used throughout the lifetime of MICE and onwards through to the development of a neutrino factory. Particle identification detectors have already been installed and allow the species of particles to be distinguished according to their time of flight. This has enabled a study of particle identification, particle momenta and simulated and experimental beam profiles at each time of flight detector. The widths of the beam profiles are sensitive to multiple scattering and magnetic effects, providing an opportunity to quantify the success of the simulations in modelling these behaviours. Such a comparison was also used to detect offsets in the beam centre position which can be caused by misalignments of the detectors or relative misalignments in magnet positions causing asymmetrical skew in the magnetic axis. These effects were quantified in this analysis. Particle identification combined with the earlier statistical analysis will be used to show that the number of muons required to meet the statistical requirements of MICE can be produced within a realistic time frame for each beam configuration considered.
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Back, Trevor. "Ionisation induced collapse of minihaloes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7608.

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The first stars, galaxies and black holes in the universe produced large quantities of ionising UV radiation; forming H II regions in the neutral gas before the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). These ionisation fronts will have come into contact with overdensities in the surrounding Intergalactic Medium (IGM), including haloes which were in the process of collapse. Previous studies have shown that the feedback processes on these secondary haloes can either disrupt the gas, or induce further cooling from the formation of molecular hydrogen. The ionising source will eventually die and create a defunct H II region, which expands into the surrounding neutral IGM. Minihaloes at the edge of these defunct H II regions are particularly susceptible to positive feedback due to not having been photoevaporated like their counterparts further inside the ionised volume. In this thesis, numerical simulations of minihaloes at the edges of H II regions formed by the first luminous objects before the EoR are presented. A methodology of including secondary ionisations from high energy photons is also implemented into the radiation hydrodynamical code ZEUS-RT. The interaction of differing spectral index sources with minihaloes including secondary ionisation is discussed. The secondary ionisations show the greatest effect for hard spectral sources with a large fraction of high energy photons; where a decrease in photoheating and an increase in ionisation rate is found at the outer reaches of the ionisation front (I-front). The increased ionisation rate lowers the optical depth of the gas for subsequent photons, and thus reduces the trapping of I-fronts in high densities found in the minihalo cores. The ratio of the free electron fraction to the temperature in the core of the minihaloes is found to constrain the resulting evolution. A high ratio is correlated with the creation of molecular hydrogen, which can then induce further cooling and the collapse of the system.A large parameter suite of 3780 two-dimensional minihalo models utilising radiative hydrodynamical simulations with 12 species and a coupled reaction network, including H2 cooling, HD cooling, Lyman-Werner radiation and secondary ionisation is performed. The parameter space includes: the spectral index representing different sources such as quasars or galaxies, the mass of the minihaloes from 105 - 106 Mʘ, the redshift of ionisation from z ~ 10 - 30, and other factors which denote the position of the minihalo relative to the boundary of the H II region. Minihaloes with average core densities of n0 = 2 - 10 cm-3 show almost unanimous positive feedback, while the majority of minihaloes under this average density are disrupted. Minihaloes with core densities above this value generally would have collapsed in isolation anyway, but are found to not be delayed by the I-front. The H2 fraction in the minihalo gas is also increased in models with no blowout by factors between 2 - 100 times that of an isolated minihalo. This is especially significant for lower redshift, z ≤ 15, minihaloes. Finally, a parameter suite of larger 106 - 107 Mʘ minihaloes results in the creation of self-gravitating clumps of gas moving out of the dark matter potential. The gas core is compressed by the I-front, enriched with molecular hydrogen, and ejected by the pressure front after the source dies. These "baryon bullets" could be progenitors of primordial globular clusters found in the haloes of galaxies today. Properties such as old stellar populations and the lack of dark matter haloes can be explained by this radiative ejection method. The dynamical nature of these interacting systems and diversity of subsequent evolution suggest that minihaloes less than 108 Mʘ are important in the early formation history of the universe, and in determining the constraining parameters of the EoR. The feedback mechanisms investigated, and secondary ionisation physics, should be included in astrophysical simulations and analytical calculations determining the evolution of the universe at this critical epoch.
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Arcidiacono, C. "Ionisation studies by positron impact." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445268/.

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Differential studies of positron impact ionisation have been performed to understand the energy shift (Kover et al., 2001) of 1.6eV between the theoretical and measured energy spectrum of the ejected electron in the triply-differential cross-section, d*o +1 dE_dQ_dQ+, at 50eV incident energy on H2. Firstly, an absolute energy calibration has been carried out to check for possible contact potential effects in the determination of Kover et al. (2001). Secondly, D2 and He have been investigated at the same residual kinetic energy as in Kover et al. (2001) to probe the occurrence of molecular dissociation or excitation. Finally, the distribution of kinetic energies of scattered positrons from the same collision system (e+-H2) has been measured for the first time. This work shows an unexpected asymmetry in the energy sharing between electron and positron. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed. An extensive study has been carried out also on water vapour ionisation upon positron collision for the first time. Besides their intrinsic interest, ionisation data are essential to provide a measure of the energy released in living matter during radiobiological applications. Preliminary results for the total, o-,+ , and direct, o *, ionisation cross-sections of water have been obtained for collision energies from the threshold to -IkeV. < r* is higher, by up to a factor of 2, than that for electron impact, whereas the dissociative ionisation cross-section, o *, for Yt production is similar to that for electron impact. Under the assumption that the difference between o ,+ and cr,+ is primarily due to positronium formation, o Ps has been extracted. This amounts to a significant fraction contribution of er,+, contrary to the work of Sueoka et al. (1987). Finally, to probe in more detail ionisation in e+-H20 scattering, the doubly differential cross-section, d2a+ ZdE+dQ+, at 0 , for lOOeV positrons colliding with water has been measured. The differential cross-section appears more forward scattered than in Ar. Fragmentation channels are also identified.
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Ong, Siok Lan. "Impact ionisation in AlInP photodiodes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3381/.

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Books on the topic "Ionisation"

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Hau, Jörg. Ionisation bei Atmosphärendruck. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14609-4.

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Jarvis, Gary K. Ionisation phenomena in perfluorocarbons. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.

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Hamilton, Gavin. Negative air ionisation in buildings. Bracknell: Building Services Research and Information Association, 1985.

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Lockyer, N. P. Laser ionisation mass spectrometry of biomolecules. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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1936-, Payne M. G., ed. Principles and applications of resonance ionisation spectroscopy. Bristol: A. Hilger, 1988.

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Smith, S. M. Sputtered neutral mass spectometry using electron beamanddischarge post ionisation. Manchester: UMST, 1994.

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Pavey, N. L. Ionisation water treatment: For hot and cold water services. Bracknell: Building Services Research and Information Association, 1996.

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Gates, Paul Jonathan. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry of saccharides. [s.l.]: typescript, 1995.

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Giannakopulos, Anastassios E. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation collisions of bio-molecules. [s.l.]: typescript, 1994.

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universitet, Uppsala, ed. Single and double ionisation of free molecules and condensed matter. Uppsala: Uppsala University, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ionisation"

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Gross, Jürgen H. "Ionisation." In Massenspektrometrie, 23–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58635-8_6.

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Gross, Jürgen H. "Elektrospray-Ionisation." In Massenspektrometrie, 601–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2981-0_12.

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Gross, Jürgen H. "Chemische Ionisation." In Massenspektrometrie, 381–412. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8274-2981-0_7.

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Muir, Bryan, and Alan Nahum. "Ionisation Chambers." In Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, Vol1:321—Vol1:338. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429201493-20.

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Hau, Jörg. "Einleitung." In Ionisation bei Atmosphärendruck, 1–12. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14609-4_1.

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Hau, Jörg. "Experimenteller Teil." In Ionisation bei Atmosphärendruck, 13–28. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14609-4_2.

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Hau, Jörg. "Die Ionenoptik." In Ionisation bei Atmosphärendruck, 29–41. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14609-4_3.

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Hau, Jörg. "Interface-Entwicklung." In Ionisation bei Atmosphärendruck, 43–72. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14609-4_4.

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Hau, Jörg. "Charakterisierung des Elektrosprays und des Interface." In Ionisation bei Atmosphärendruck, 73–100. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14609-4_5.

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Hau, Jörg. "Einige Anwendungen der Elektrospray-Massenspektrometrie." In Ionisation bei Atmosphärendruck, 101–29. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14609-4_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ionisation"

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Aman, Fazlul, Usman Muhammad, Normiza Mohamad Nor, and Miszaina Osman. "Determination of Ionisation Radii for Various Soil Mixtures." In 2024 Multimedia University Engineering Conference (MECON), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/mecon62796.2024.10776406.

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Rajeev, P. P., M. Gertsvolf, P. B. Corkum, and D. M. Rayner. "Cold avalanche ionisation." In 11th European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/EQEC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2009.5196341.

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Li, K. F., D. S. Ong, J. P. R. David, R. C. Tozer, G. J. Rees, C. C. Button, and P. N. Robson. "Low Noise Avalanche Photodetectors." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cfg9.

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Abstract:
Avalanche photodetectors (APDs) for 1.0 to 1.6μm wavelengths are known to be more sensitive than p-i-n photodiodes because of the internal multiplication provided by impact ionisation. However the multiplication process also produces avalanche noise which impairs the signal to noise ratio and limits sensitivity at high values of multiplication. The widely used theory of McIntyre[1] shows that the excess noise factor, F, falls for a small (≪1) ratio of ionisation coefficients k=β/α, where α is the ionisation coefficient of the initiating carrier.
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Richards, D., and J. G. Leopold. "Classical ghosts in quantal microwave ionisation." In The Sixteenth International Conference on the Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions. AIP, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.39267.

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APOLLONIO, M. "The Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment - MICE." In Proceedings of the 10th Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812819093_0071.

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BRAY, I., D. V. FURSA, A. S. KADYROV, and A. T. STELBOVICS. "RECENT PROGRESS IN ATOMIC IONISATION THEORY." In Statistical Physics, High Energy, Condensed Matter and Mathematical Physics - The Conference in Honor of C. N. Yang'S 85th Birthday. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812794185_0048.

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Kotre, C. J. "Tomographic imaging of ionisation in gases." In IEE Colloquium on Advances in Electrical Tomography. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19960849.

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Hee Seo, M. G. Pia, P. Saracco, and Chan Hyeong Kim. "Ionisation models for nano-scale simulation." In 2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2010 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2010.5873721.

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Rogers, Chris. "A Demonstrator for Muon Ionisation Cooling." In NuFACT 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psf2023008037.

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James, Keith, Rui Chen, and James Turner. "Ionisation and Ionisation Rate of a Two-Stroke HCCI Engine Fuelled with E85 for Control Feedback." In SAE 2010 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-1247.

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Reports on the topic "Ionisation"

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Rogers, Chris. Beam Dynamics in a Muon Ionisation Cooling Channel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983633.

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Barry, M., D. Shipley, and G. Bass. Calculating electron perturbation factors for Roos and NACP-02 ionisation chambers. National Physical Laboratory, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.ir63.

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Groot Wassink, Hans, and Annemieke Hol. Effect van BiPolaire Plasma Ionisatie technologie van Faton op concentraties ammoniak en fijnstof in een vleesvarkensstal : Resultaten van een ‘proof of concept’. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/643751.

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