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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ionisation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Grant, John. "Measuring mesospheric ionisation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6072.

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The differential absorption method of retrieving D-region electron density profiles from partially reflected MF radar pulses, has existed in many variants since the original Gardner and Pawsey experiment of 1953. Magnetoionic theory predicts that a pulse propagating within the ionosphere undergoes birefringence two magnetoionic modes. The differential absorption method requires that both the differential absorption and the ratio of the reflection coefficients of those modes are evaluated from a model profile. In this thesis, a critical review of the differential absorption method is undertake
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2

Carruthers, David Robert James. "Quantal threshold ionisation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333786.

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3

Dillon, Leonard A. "Electrospray ionisation of volatile analytes : a parametric study of secondary electrospray ionisation." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494308.

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With the development of the International Space Station and the planned increase in the duration of spacecraft missions NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) issued a challenge for the development of an on-board environmental monitoring system to analyse air and water within a space station. The response to the challenge within the University of Manchester was the Chip Hyphenation Project which sort to bring together miniaturised sampling, separation and detection systems into a single device. Linking the separation and detection systems was the process of ionisation. This study
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4

Kara, Vanita. "Positron impact ionisation studies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394610.

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5

L'Huillier, Anne. "Ionisation multiphotonique et multielectronique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066268.

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Premiere mise en evidence experimentale d'ions multicharges de gaz rares crees par absorption multiphotonique a 532 et 1064 nm, pour differentes annees de l'impulsion laser (5 a 200 ps). Etude theorique utilisant un formalisme derive de la theorie des perturbations a n corps et des techniques diagrammatiques pour l'ionisation simple et double multiphotonique d'un atome a plusieurs electrons non independants
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6

L'Huillier, Anne. "Ionisation multiphotonique et multiélectronique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375991831.

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7

Forrest, David Alexander James. "The Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2839/.

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Outstanding areas of ambiguity within our present understanding of the nature and behaviour of neutrinos warrant the construction of a dedicated future facility capable of investigating the likely parameter space for the theta 1,3 mixing angle, the Dirac CP violating phase and clarifying the neutrino mass hierarchy. A number of potential discovery venues have been proposed including the beta beam, superbeam and neutrino factory accelerator facilities. Of these, the neutrino factory significantly outperforms the others. A neutrino factory will deliver intense beams of 10^21 neutrinos per year,
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8

Back, Trevor. "Ionisation induced collapse of minihaloes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7608.

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The first stars, galaxies and black holes in the universe produced large quantities of ionising UV radiation; forming H II regions in the neutral gas before the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). These ionisation fronts will have come into contact with overdensities in the surrounding Intergalactic Medium (IGM), including haloes which were in the process of collapse. Previous studies have shown that the feedback processes on these secondary haloes can either disrupt the gas, or induce further cooling from the formation of molecular hydrogen. The ionising source will eventually die and create a defun
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9

Arcidiacono, C. "Ionisation studies by positron impact." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445268/.

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Differential studies of positron impact ionisation have been performed to understand the energy shift (Kover et al., 2001) of 1.6eV between the theoretical and measured energy spectrum of the ejected electron in the triply-differential cross-section, d*o +1 dE_dQ_dQ+, at 50eV incident energy on H2. Firstly, an absolute energy calibration has been carried out to check for possible contact potential effects in the determination of Kover et al. (2001). Secondly, D2 and He have been investigated at the same residual kinetic energy as in Kover et al. (2001) to probe the occurrence of molecular diss
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10

Ong, Siok Lan. "Impact ionisation in AlInP photodiodes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3381/.

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11

Whyte, Christopher. "Studies of transition metal carbonyl clusters using laser desorption ionisation and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11569.

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Stable, readily available, transition metal cluster carbonyl compounds, such as Os<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>12</sub>, Ir<sub>4</sub>(CO)<sub>12</sub>, Rh<sub>6</sub>(CO)<sub>16</sub>, have been shown to easily aggregate into multi-nuclear supraclusters following exposure to pulsed ultraviolet laser radiation (laser desorption ionisation, LDI) in the source region of a mass spectrometer. The aggregation process has been studied from the resulting mass spectra, using both of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Larger c
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12

Dupré, Christophe. "Approche expérimentale des collisions électron-atome à trois électrons actifs. Ionisation et excitation simultanées ; double ionisation." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112352.

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L'ionisation de l'helium laissant l'ion residuel dans l'etat he#+ n=2 et la double ionisation de l'argon ont ete etudiees par l'impact d'electrons de haute energie (5500 ev). Des sections efficaces differentielles d'ordre 3, 4 et 5 ont ete mesurees en geometrie coplanaire asymetrique, en utilisant des techniques de coincidence, (e, 2e), (e(3-1)e) et, pour la premiere fois, (e, 3e). Il s'agit d'apporter une information tres detaillee sur les effets des correlations interelectroniques, tant dans les structures atomiques que dans les processus collisionnels. Les resultats des experiences d'ionisa
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13

Peng, Wei-Xian. "Ionisation studies on some small molecules." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363223.

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14

Wallace, William Carl. "Strong-field Ionisation of Atomic Hydrogen." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/370427.

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The past two decades have seen advancements in laser technologies wherein laser pulses are routinely generated with durations on the femtosecond ( 10􀀀15 s) timescale. Such pulses allow only a few cycles (oscillations) of the laser electric eld for lasers with wavelengths centered in the visible to near-infrared (IR). Not only can there be marked variations in the peak electric eld value, caused by varying the pulse's carrier-envelope phase (CEP), but the compression of the pulse energy to within such short durations readily allows the production of strong laser elds with peak intensities th
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15

Abbas, Issam. "Ionisation d'atomes, de molécules et de biomolécules par impact des ions multichargés de hautes énergies : comparaison quantique et classique." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ007S/document.

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Les processus collisionnels ionisant de type ion-atome ou molécule sont fondamentaux dans plusieurs domaines de la physique et, plus récemment, en médecine nucléaire. Les théories disponibles, quantiques ou semi-classiques, ne peuvent pas traiter de grosses cibles moléculaires comme les biomolécules. Pour résoudre ce problème nous avons développé une méthode purement classique. Dans ce travail, nous présentons notre modèle classique qui est basé sur deux autres approximations classiques¡: Classical Over-Barrier (COB) et Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC). Ce modèle est particulièrement co
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16

Becher, Marie. "Etude théorique de la double ionisation de la couche L et K du béryllium par impact d'électrons rapides." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ035S/document.

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Le mémoire présente une étude théorique sur la double ionisation (e,3e) de la couche L et la couche K du béryllium par impact d électrons rapides, réalisable dans les expériences de détection en coïncidence, qui permettent de sonder la corrélation électron-électron et d observer les mécanismes de la double ionisation. Une procédure de détermination de la section efficace multiplement différentielle est développée dans le cadre d une approche utilisant le premier terme de la série de Born représentant l interaction entre l électron projectile et la cible. Tous les électrons sont pris en compte
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17

Monti, Juan Manuel. "Le rôle des interactions électroniques pour le processus d'ionisation d'atomes en collisions avec des ions." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ004S/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les effets des interactions électroniques dans le processus d'ionisation simple des cibles atomiques par impact des ions multichargés, ceux-ci peuvent être nus ou à demi vêtus. Dans le cas des projectiles nus, nous avons étudié l'interaction entre l'électron actif et les électrons passifs, la version post de l'approximation d'onde distordue du continu avec état initial eikonale est reformulé (CDW-EIS pour son sigle anglais), y compris un potentiel résiduel omis de calculs précédents. En addition, nous développons un modèle d'onde distordue de quatre corps pour l
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18

KARGAR, KERMANSHAH TARANEH. "Application de differentes techniques de desorption-ionisation et de desolvatation-ionisation a l'analyse et l'identification de composes pharmaceutiques." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066781.

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Les potentialites analytiques de trois techniques d'ionisation recentes : la desorption de plasma (pd), la desorption laser (ld) et l'ionisation par electronebulisation (es) couplees a un spectrometre de masse (ms) sont utilisees pour l'analyse de composes polyfonctionnels d'interet pharmaceutique. Mecanismes de fragmentation de composes azotes polyfonctionnels ionises en pd-ms sont etudies. Des regles generales de fragmentation sont proposees en fonction du degre de substitution des atomes d'azote et de la nature des substituants. L'application de ces regles a l'etude des 1,4-benzodiazepines
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19

MEVEL, ERIC. "Ionisation atomique en champ electromagnetique intense : dynamique des resonances induites, transition vers le regime tunnel et ionisation double." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112022.

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Ce travail experimental decrit differents aspects de l'ionisation d'atomes (gaz rares) par des impulsions lasers subpicosecondes (70fs), intenses (10#1#3-10#1#5w. Cm#-#2). Sa motivation est d'etudier le comportement du processus d'ionisation et l'evolution du role de la structure atomique en fonction de l'eclairement du laser. Dans le regime d'ionisation multiphotonique la structure atomique joue un role important a travers les resonances induites par deplacement lumineux qui surviennent inevitablement lorsque ces deplacements sont de l'ordre de grandeur de l'energie du photon. Elles se tradui
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20

Rahman, Mahbubur. "NOx Production by Ionisation Processes in Air." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6016.

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21

Koumanov, Assen. "Theoretical prediction of ionisation properties of proteins /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-535-2.

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22

Gupta, Rajesh. "Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry of biomolecular complexes." Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20040827.101645/index.html.

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23

Rogers, Chris. "Beam Dynamics in an Ionisation Cooling Channel." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499277.

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24

McCormack, Elin A. "Ionisation of hydrogen Rydberg molecules at surfaces." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543033.

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25

Slater, P. S. "Novel applications of electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry." Thesis, Swansea University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639056.

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Chapters one and two introduce the theory behind electrospray ionisation. Chapter three presents detailed research related to the application of electrospray mass spectrometry to polysulphonates. The correlation between poor sensitivity and the degree of salt contamination held by complex sulphonated compounds is outlined and the initial attempts to remove the salt contamination by different methods discussed. The ability of alkyl-amines to eliminate salt contamination is also discussed. Chapter four discusses direct sample treatment with alkyl-amines, and how closer analysis reveals the prese
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26

Kaiser, Christian Dieter. "Electron impact ionisation of atoms and molecules." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515113.

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(e,2e) spectroscopy is a versatile tool to investigate the collision dynamics taking place in electron impact ionisation of atoms and molecules as it employs a kinematically complete view of the scattering process. (e,2e) measurements on He and H2 have been carried out from the coplanar to the perpendicular geometry at various impact energies, and these results are compared and discussed. Results for the atomic targets He, Ar and Xe and the molecular targets H2, N2 and CO2 are also presented from measurements in the perpendicular geometry and these are compared. The Ib1 molecular orbital of H2
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27

Gingras, Guillaume. "Visualisation de la double ionisation du xénon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25751/25751.pdf.

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Nous avons étudié les processus non linéaires d'ionisation du xénon lors d'interaction avec une impulsion laser ultra-brève et intense de 100fs. (1fs.=1.10-15s). La dépendance de ces processus sur la longueur d'onde du rayonnement laser est investiguée dans le but de mettre en évidence le régime d'ionisation multiphotonique et le régime d'ionisation par effet tunnel. Utilisant un système TOPAS ("Traveling-wave Optical Parametric Amplifier of Superfluorescence"), pompé par un système laser Titane-Saphir (800nm à 100 fs.), nous avons mesuré à l'aide d'une technique de spectroscopie à temps de vo
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28

Armitage, Simon Peter. "Positronium ionisation in collision with He atoms." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270771.

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29

Spracklen, Edmund Francis. "Inner shell lasing via electron collisional ionisation." Thesis, University of York, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442366.

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30

Parkes, Michael Anthony. "Ionisation studies of chlorinated and fluorinated compounds." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/74/.

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Ionisation processes in gas-phase polyatomic molecules have been studied using threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence and selected ion flow tube techniques for cations and an electron attachment mass spectrometer for anions. Cation formation has been studied for fluoroform (CHF\(_3\)), octafluorocyclobutane (\(c\)-C\(_4\)F\(_8\)), octafluorocyclopentene (\(c\)-C\(_5\)F\(_8\)), monochloroethene (C\(_2\)H\(_3\)Cl), the three isomers of dichloroethene (C\(_2\)H\(_2\)Cl\(_2\)) (i.e. 1,1-dichloroethene, (\(Z\))-1,2-dichloroethene and (\(E\))-1,2-dichloroethene), trichloroethene (C\(_2\)HCl\(_
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31

Poirier, Michel. "Ionisation multiphotonique résonnante et génération d'harmonique trois." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066538.

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L'ionisation multiphotonique résonnante d'une vapeur atomique est très sensible à la pression: même en l'absence d'effets collisionnes importants, les processus de génération d'harmonique 3 photons. Développement de plusieurs modèles pour en rendre compte: théorie du champ moyen, approximation quasi statique, approximation de faible dépeuplement. Nouvelle méthode d'analyse de l'effet Stark dynamique, appliquée a une expérience sur hg pour déterminer les paramètres de la génération d'harmoniques. En accord avec l'expérience, disposition des résonances à 4 photons à haute pression.
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32

Gibbard, Jemma. "Rydberg ionisation into confined and discrete systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:631cf025-c29c-4c46-a219-6f2ae02df4ad.

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The energy levels of a hydrogen Rydberg atom approaching a metallic structure are perturbed by the image-charge interaction with the surface. At small atom-surface separations surface ionisation of the Rydberg electron can occur, whereby the electron is transferred to a metal-localised state. In previous studies investigating surface ionisation at bulk metallic surfaces, this state has been part of a conduction band; however this thesis focuses on metallic and structured surfaces where the Rydberg electron transfers into a discrete image-state or hybrid 'well-image state'. The surface ionisati
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33

Alekou, Androula. "Ionisation cooling lattices for the neutrino factory." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11183.

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The future accelerator complex of the Neutrino Factory will have an excellent precision and outstanding discovery reach, and is therefore a facility of choice for precise neutrino oscillation measurements. In the Neutrino Factory, muons are accumulated into storage rings and decay to neutrinos. However, due to the fact that the muon beam is produced occupying a large transverse phase-space, it is essential that its emittance is decreased using ionisation cooling. The reference ionisation cooling lattice of the Neutrino Factory has a large magnetic field at the position of the RF cavities, and
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34

Poirier, Michel. "Ionisation multiphotonique résonnante et génération d'harmonique trois." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376004594.

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35

Ponce, Lino. "Théorie de l'ionisation de l'atome d'hydrogène dans les champs électromagnétiques intenses : lasers et collisions." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066476.

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36

Dupin, Hélène. "Détermination théorique des sections efficaces d'ionisation par impact photonique et électronique." Pau, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PAUU3020.

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C'est dans le cadre général de l'étude théorique de spectres d'ionisation par impact photonique ou électronique dans la région spectrale située au-dessus du premier potentiel d'ionisation, que se situe ce travail. Toute la difficulté de cette examen réside dans la nécessité de traduire les fonctions du continuum, relatives à un potentiel multicentrique de symétrie non sphérique. Trois approches théoriques sont prospectées pour le calcul général de la section efficace d'ionisation : le modèle classique de l'onde plane, la méthode des moments de Stieltjes et la détermination à partir de l'évalua
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37

Walter, Michael. "Photo(doppel)ionisation von Helium und einfachen Molekülen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961295074.

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38

Siedschlag, Christian. "Mechanismen der Ionisation atomarer Systeme in intensiven Laserpulsen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1027510747000-39142.

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Die Dissertation besteht aus zwei Teilen: im ersten Teil wird das Verhalten von kleinen Edelgasclustern in intensiven Laserfeldern theoretisch untersucht. Im zweiten Teil wenden wir die Bohmsche Mechanik auf die Untersuchung von Helium und des Wasserstoffmolkülions (H_2^+) in intensiven Pulsen an. Im ersten Teil wird zunaechst ein numerisches Modell entwickelt, welches es erlaubt, unter Mitnahme aller Elektronen die die Dynamik kleiner Edelgascluster in starken Feldern zu simulieren. Anschliessend wird detailliert untersucht, wie die Expansion eines Clusters Einfluss auf dessen Absorptionseige
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39

Czajkowski, Igor Kajetan. "Impact ionisation in bulk semiconductors and superlattice devices." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1990. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842982/.

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This thesis reports results of experimental and theoretical investigations of impact ionisation in semiconductors. The impact ionisation rates for electrons and holes (alpha and beta respectively) are important parameters which determine the performance of several high-field semiconductor devices, including avalanche photodiodes (APDs). These ionisation rates depend on the threshold energies for ionisation, which are determined by the details of the band-structure for a semiconductor material. However, little is known about the band-structure features responsible for the favourable noise-perfo
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40

Tantot, Laurent. "Modelling ionisation chamber response to nonstandard beam configurations." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18748.

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For patient-specific quality assurance of IMRT, a point dose measurement with an ionisation chamber and a relative dose distribution with film are performed. The use of ionisation chambers follows dosimetry protocols that only deal with reference beams, for which Spencer-Attix cavity theory is valid. However, IMRT and other recent radiation delivery techniques do not comply with these protocols. Therefore, the conversion of the dose to the chamber cavity to the dose to water becomes uncertain; and the geometrical details of the chamber, as well as the details of the delivery, are expected to b
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41

Leake, James Edward. "Effects of partial ionisation in the solar atmosphere." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/53967/.

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In this thesis techniques are developed for the simulation of partially ionised plasmas in the fluid approximation. These techniques are used to model the evolution of magnetic fields in the partially ionised regions of the solar atmosphere. Single fluid equations for a partially ionised plasma are derived based on the individual equations for each species. A Lagrangian Remap MHD code is then adapted to simulate a plasma of arbitrary degree of ionisation. The effects of the presence of neutrals on the propagation and damping of Alfv´en waves in the solar atmosphere are investigated. Ion-neutra
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42

Dunseath, Kevin Murray. "Transfer and ionisation processes in ion-atom collisions." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335336.

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43

Houston, Christine Margaret. "Laser ionisation studies : applications in nuclear waste monitoring." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481125.

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44

Scott, Colin Thomas Joseph. "A characterisation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388567.

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45

Towrie, Michael. "Multiphoton resonant ionisation : applications to high energy physics." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280015.

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46

Williams, Christopher John. "Impact ionisation and Auger recombination in SiGe heterostructures." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295073.

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47

Hernández, Belén. "Ultratrace analysis by resonance ionisation mass spectrometry (RIMS)." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396526.

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48

Ness, Karen Margaret Montgomery. "Multiphon ionisation and laser-induced autoionisation in xenon." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47426.

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49

Price, H. "Multi-electron ionisation in driven atoms and molecules." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1448567/.

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In this thesis we formulate sophisticated quasiclassical techniques to describe corre- lated electron dynamics in atoms and diatomic molecules that are either absorbing a single photon or are driven by strong infrared laser fields. The first part of this thesis concerns the multi-electron ionisation in atoms following single-photon absorption. For excess photon energies close to threshold, the Wannier threshold law predicts that the electrons escape in the most symmetric way. We describe the single-photon quadru- ple ionisation from the ground state of beryllium. Surprisingly, we find that clo
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50

Vaupré, Solenn. "Ionisation des nuages moléculaires par les rayons cosmiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY049/document.

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Les rayons cosmiques (RC) ont un rôle fondamental sur la dynamique et l'évolution chimique des nuages moléculaires interstellaires, qui sont le lieu de formation stellaire et planétaire. Les RC sont probablement accélérés dans les enveloppes en expansion des rémanents de supernova (SNR), ainsi les nuages moléculaires situés à proximité peuvent être soumis à d'intenses flux de RC. Les protons relativistes ont principalement deux effets sur les nuages moléculaires : 1) en rencontrant le milieu dense, les protons de haute énergie (&gt;280 MeV) induisent via la désintégration des pions l'émission
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