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Journal articles on the topic 'Ionisation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ford, M. J. "Studies of the Electron-impact Double-ionisation Process in Magnesium using Coincidence Techniques." Australian Journal of Physics 51, no. 4 (1998): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p98013.

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This article will review recent measurements of the electron-impact double-ionisation of atomic magnesium. Results for the resonant Auger double-ionisation process with coincident detection of all three outgoing electrons, the (e, 3e) experiment, and for the direct double-ionisation process where only two outgoing electrons are detected, the (e, (3 – 1)e) experiment, will be discussed. The results are analysed with reference to ionisation mechanisms and comparisons are made with calculated double-ionisation cross sections.

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2

Ong, Duu Sheng, Ai Hui Tan, Kan Yeep Choo, Keat Hoe Yeoh, and John P. R. David. "Weibull-Fréchet random path length model for avalanche gain and noise in photodiodes." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 6 (2021): 065105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac31f0.

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Abstract A four-parameter Weibull-Fréchet (WF) distribution function has been introduced in the random path length (RPL) model for nonlocal modelling of soft-threshold ionisation in semiconductors. The WF function has been demonstrated to be capable of reproducing the realistic probability distribution function (PDF) of electron and hole ionisation path lengths extracted from full band Monte Carlo (FBMC) transport simulations of bulk GaAs. The electron-initiated multiplication in GaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) calculated by the WF-RPL model is in excellent agreement with the results from FB

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3

REED, VALERIE C. "SUPERINTENSE FIELD IONISATION SUPPRESSION IN THE HIGH FREQUENCY REGIME." Modern Physics Letters B 06, no. 12 (1992): 683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984992000776.

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We present a brief review of the subject of ionisation suppression, or atomic stabilisation, in intense laser fields. As a preliminary, we outline the general non-linear response of an atom to a strong laser field, describing multiphoton ionisation and harmonic generation. We then discuss methods of suppressing the ionisation rate from an atom, considering two broad regimes: strong field ionisation (I < 1016 W/cm 2), in which the suppression mechanism in generally interpreted in terms of quantum interference; and superintense field ionisation (I > 1016 W/cm 2), in which the Kramers-Henne

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4

McKoy, V., SN Dixit, RL Dubs, and DL Lynch. "Dynamics of Single and Multi-photon Ionisation Processes in Molecules." Australian Journal of Physics 39, no. 5 (1986): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph860761.

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Single-photon ionisation and resonant multiphoton ionisation studies, which can now be carried out using synchrotron radiation and pulsed dye lasers respectively, are providing important dynamical information on molecular photoionisation. In this paper we discuss some results of our recent studies of several, single- and multi-photon ionisation processes in molecules. The results will be taken from our studies of (i) single-photon ionisation of linear molecules with emphasis on the role of shape and autoionising resonances on these cross� sections, (ii) photoionisation from oriented NiCO as a

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5

Padma, R., and PC Deshmukh. "Near-threshold Behaviour of Generalised Oscillator Strengths for 2p Ionisation." Australian Journal of Physics 47, no. 3 (1994): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph940271.

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Near the ionisation threshold, the behaviour of the generalised oscillator strength (GOS) is sensitive to the choice of the model atomic potential. In electron-impact ionisation, 'delayed maxima' of the GOS often occur near the ionisation threshold due to centrifugal barrier effects. In the present work, the sensitivity of this important effect of the centrifugal barrier to the model atomic potential has been studied using two local density atomic potentials, namely, the nonrelativistic Hartree-Slater potential and the relativistic RCB potential. Calculations have been done for electron-impact

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6

Ernest, A., SC Haydon, and MT Elford. "Excited-state Quenching Phenomena in Weakly Ionised Nitrogen." Australian Journal of Physics 39, no. 4 (1986): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph860479.

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A number of studies of the ionisation behaviour of molecular nitrogen have revealed the importance of N 2(A 3L ;;) metastable particles which are created by direct electron impact excitation or cascade processes. More recent studies using cleaner gas samples have indicated that the ionisation current may be affected by the presence of a second metastable particle. The possible identity of this second metastable particle and the sensitivity of the ionisation current to its presence have been investigated by observing the changes in the pre-breakdown ionisation current as a function of the purit

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7

Prashant, Abhishek, Meetu Luthra, Kanupriya Goswami, Anand Bharadvaja, and Kasturi Lal Baluja. "Positron Scattering from Pyrimidine." Atoms 11, no. 3 (2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11030055.

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The positron impact cross-sections of pyrimidine molecules are reported from 1 eV to 5000 eV. These cross-sections include differential elastic, integral elastic, and direct ionisation. The elastic cross-sections are computed using the single-centre expansion scheme whereas the direct ionisation cross-sections are obtained using the binary-encounter-Bethe formula. The integral and differential cross-sections exhibit consistency with the experimental and other theoretical results. The direct ionisation cross-sections, which are reported for the first time, are compared with the experimental ine

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8

Gates, Paul J. "Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry for the routine analysis of low molecular weight analytes." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 27, no. 1 (2021): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14690667211005055.

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The routine analysis of low molecular weight analytes by mass spectrometry is often complicated by the lability of the analyte’s functional groups and/or the lack of moieties that can be easily charged. If a molecule is too labile this precludes analysis by techniques such as electron ionisation or chemical ionisation as the analyte will undergo thermal decomposition prior to ionisation as well as spontaneous fragmentation during the ionisation process. If the analyte has a low propensity to form ions in electrospray ionisation (i.e., lacks acidic or basic sites) then often no analyte related

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9

Pagano, P., A. Bemporad, and D. H. Mackay. "Hydrogen non-equilibrium ionisation effects in coronal mass ejections." Astronomy & Astrophysics 637 (May 2020): A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037638.

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Context. A new generation of coronagraphs used to study solar wind and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are being developed and launched. These coronagraphs will heavily rely on multi-channel observations where visible light (VL) and UV-EUV (ultraviolet-extreme ultraviolet) observations provide new plasma diagnostics. One of these instruments, Metis on board ESA-Solar Orbiter, will simultaneously observe VL and the UV Lyman-α line. The number of neutral hydrogen atoms (a small fraction of coronal protons) is a key parameter for deriving plasma properties, such as the temperature from the observed

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10

Lohmann, Birgit, S. J. Cavanagh, M. A. Haynes, I. Taouil, A. Duguet, and A. Lahmam-Bennani. "Investigating Inner Shell Ionisation via the (e, 2e) Technique." Australian Journal of Physics 51, no. 4 (1998): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p97093.

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The (e, 2e) technique has been applied successfully to valence shell ionisation of many targets, but studies of inner shell ionisation by this technique have been limited. The triple differential cross section for the latter process exhibits behaviour which is very different to that observed for valence shell ionisation, particularly when the energy of the slow ejected electron is decreased below the binding energy of the inner shell orbital. Our recent results for inner shell ionisation of argon and krypton will be discussed, and comparisons made with distorted wave calculations.

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11

He, Xu-Cheng, Jiali Shen, Siddharth Iyer, et al. "Characterisation of gaseous iodine species detection using the multi-scheme chemical ionisation inlet 2 with bromide and nitrate chemical ionisation methods." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16, no. 19 (2023): 4461–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-4461-2023.

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Abstract. The multi-scheme chemical ionisation inlet 1 (MION1) enables rapid switching between the measurement of atmospheric ions without chemical ionisation and neutral molecules using various atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation methods. In this study, we introduce the upgraded version, the multi-scheme chemical ionisation inlet 2 (MION2). The new design incorporates enhanced ion optics, resulting in increased reagent ion concentration, ensuring a robust operation, and enabling the use of multiple chemical ionisation methods with the same ionisation time. In order to simplify the regula

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12

Crothers, D. S. F. "Quantal threshold ionisation." Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics 19, no. 4 (1986): 463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3700/19/4/013.

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13

Eberly, J. H., and J. Javanainen. "Above-threshold ionisation." European Journal of Physics 9, no. 4 (1988): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/9/4/004.

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14

Rosset, Roland. "Ionisation des aliments." Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine 186, no. 4 (2002): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4079(19)34300-6.

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15

Nicholson, K. "Ionisation gauge refurbishment." Vacuum 38, no. 8-10 (1988): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(88)90547-7.

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16

Maslen, E. N., and B. E. Etschmann. "Bonding without ionisation." Australian Journal of Physics 53, no. 2 (2000): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph99027.

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Charges are calculated for diatomic molecules by partitioning the promolecular density with projection operators derived from free atom potentials. The promolecular charges thus obtained have physically reasonable magnitudes, which are moderately sensitive to interatomic distances and thus to bond type. Their signs are negative for cations and positive for anions. Trends in these charges correlate with subshell structure. Due to the long range of their electrostatic potentials, the cations compete successfully for electrons at the expense of the anions in the density partitioning. This implies

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17

Maier, J. P. "Electron impact ionisation." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 36, no. 3 (1985): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(85)80027-x.

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18

Altmann, Korinna, Rolf-Dieter Schulze, Gundula Hidde, and Jörg Friedrich. "Elektrospray-Ionisation (ESI)." Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis 23, no. 6 (2011): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vipr.201100471.

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19

Agostini, P., and G. Petite. "Double multiphoton ionisation via above-threshold ionisation in strontium atoms." Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics 18, no. 10 (1985): L281—L286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3700/18/10/004.

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20

Mingozzi, M., F. Belfiore, G. Cresci, et al. "SDSS IV MaNGA: Metallicity and ionisation parameter in local star-forming galaxies from Bayesian fitting to photoionisation models." Astronomy & Astrophysics 636 (April 2020): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937203.

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We measured gas-phase metallicity, ionisation parameter, and dust extinction for a representative sample of 1795 local star-forming galaxies using integral field spectroscopy from the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey. We self-consistently derive these quantities by comparing observed line fluxes with photoionisation models using a Bayesian framework. We also present the first comprehensive study of the [S III]λλ9069,9532 nebular lines, which have long been predicted to be ideal tracers of the ionisation parameter. However, we find that current photoionisation model predictions substantially over-predict t

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21

Unnikrishnan, K. "Renormalised Perturbation Theory of Resonant Multiphoton Ionisation." Australian Journal of Physics 48, no. 5 (1995): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph950835.

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Perturbation theory of multiphoton ionisation due to a classical electromagnetic field is modified to allow for intermediate resonances with bound states. Complex energies, generally associated with resonances, do not enter into this formalism. For a monochromatic field of frequency u, a constant ionisation rate can then be defined unambiguously and only such continuum states are excited which correspond to the absorption of energy in integral multiples of hu. As an application, differential and total cross sections for the two-photon ionisation of hydrogen, for frequencies below the n = 3 res

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22

Munro, Angus I. S., and Larry K. Forbes. "Including ionisation in a simple model of single-bubble sonoluminescence." ANZIAM Journal 47, no. 3 (2006): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181100009871.

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AbstractA small gas bubble in a liquid, when driven by intense ultrasound, collapses and emits light in a process called Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence (SBSL). While the dynamics of driven bubbles are well studied, less is known of the physical conditions in the gas or whether it is necessary to include ionisation in simpler studies of bubble dynamics. In this study, a model was derived from Rayleigh-Plesset dynamics, a van der Waals equation of state and the first law of thermodynamics (including interfacial heat transfer and ionisation). Stronger model ionisation reduced the maximum collapse

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23

Lu, I.-Chung. "Development of a Next-Generation Ionisation Technique in Mass Spectrometry." Impact 2022, no. 1 (2022): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2022.1.59.

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Mass spectrometry (MS) has a wide range of applications. Assistant Professor I-Chung Lu, Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, is working to improve and better understand aspects of MS in order to further broaden its possible applications. A particular focus for Lu and his team is on developing novel techniques or improving conventional ionisation methods to overcome application difficulties in MS, specifically in the detection of labile and unstable species. Those techniques extend the MS as a powerful tool to study critical reaction intermidiates and mechanisms. A

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24

Stehmann, A., R. J. W. Meesters, and Horst Fr Schröder. "Mass spectrometric analytical methods for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 5 (2004): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0324.

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This paper describes a method for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in waste water. The method involves a SPE-C18 extraction followed by a SPE-silica gel column clean up and elution of the analytes with a mixture of acetone/pentane (2+1). Thereafter derivatisation of the analytes with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride (HFBA) and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with positive electron impact ionisation (EI) or negative chemical ionisation (NCI) using methane as reactant gas was performed. The two different ionisation techniques were compared and

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25

Coplan, MA, JP Doering, DH Madison, JH Moore, and AA Pinkás. "Electronic Structure Information from Electron Impact Ionisation Experiments." Australian Journal of Physics 49, no. 2 (1996): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph960321.

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Electron impact ionisation with full determination of the kinematics (measurement of energies and momenta of the incident, scattered and ejected electrons) has proven to be useful for investigating both the electronic structure of atoms and molecules and the mechanism of ionisation. These experiments are, by definition, coincidence experiments since it is necessary to be sure that all the detected electrons originate from the same collision. For single-electron ionisation, (e, 2e), the emphasis has been on momentum densities and spectroscopic factors–see for example Coplan et al. (1994), McCar

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26

Mokhtari, Mehrdad, Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek, and Gevork B. Gharehpetian. "A critical review on soil ionisation modelling for grounding electrodes." Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 3 (2016): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0033.

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Abstract Grounding electrode resistance non-linearly changes under impulse conditions due to soil ionisation phenomenon. Several models have been proposed to model soil ionisation for grounding electrodes applications. However, to date, there is yet an attempt made to compile all these works into a comprehensive review article. Therefore, this paper is written with the objective of summarizing all related works in this field as a one- stop reference. With reference to the literature, this paper is written to summarize the working principles of the soil ionisation models as well as the accuracy

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27

Ostrovsky, V. N., and D. A. Telnov. "Adiabatic theory of multiphoton ionisation. I. Ionisation of an isolated level." Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics 20, no. 11 (1987): 2397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3700/20/11/011.

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28

Bouamra, K., J. R. Vacher, F. Jorand, N. Simiand, and S. Pasquiers. "Electron impact ionisation and partial ionisation cross-sections of iso-octane." Chemical Physics Letters 373, no. 3-4 (2003): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00547-5.

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29

Houdayer, Pierre S., Daniel R. Reese, Marie-Jo Goupil, and Yveline Lebreton. "Properties of the ionisation glitch." Astronomy & Astrophysics 655 (November 2021): A85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141711.

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Context. Determining the properties of solar-like oscillating stars can be subject to many biases. A particularly important example is the helium-mass degeneracy, where the uncertainties regarding the internal physics can cause a poor determination of both the mass and surface helium content. Accordingly, an independent helium estimate is needed to overcome this degeneracy. A promising way to obtain such an estimate is to exploit the so-called ionisation glitch, that is, the deviation from the asymptotic oscillation frequency pattern caused by the rapid structural variation in the He ionisatio

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30

Donnelly, IJ, and EK Rose. "Ion Densities in Low Temperature Nitrogen Plasmas." Australian Journal of Physics 43, no. 1 (1990): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph900045.

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A cross-section library for the electron ionisation of hydrogen and nitrogen molecules, atoms and ions has been assembled and used for the derivation of reaction rate coefficients assuming a Maxwellian distribution of electron energies. For fixed electron temperatures, the steady-state and time-dependent ionisation of nitrogen molecules have been calculated for conditions relevant to glow discharge plasmas in which the dominant recombination mechanism occurs via the plasma-wall interaction. The analysis shows that there is a threshold electron temperature below which there is no steady-state i

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31

U.N., DASH. "Thermodynamic Functions of Ionisation of Benzoic and Substituted Benzoic Acids in Water and Formamide : Additive Substituent Effects." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 71, Feb 1994 (1994): 65–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5893931.

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Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751 004 <em>Manuscript received 24 March 1993, revised 4 May 1993, accepted 14 May 1993</em> Thermodynamic ionisation constants (<sup>T</sup>p\(K_a^m\)) of benzoic, 3-nitrobenzoic, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic, 3-chlorobenzoic, 3,5- dichlorobenzoic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic, 3-methylbenzoic and 3,5-dimethylbenzoic acids have been determined in water and formamide by employing electromotive force measurements of buffer cells in the temperature range 5-45°. Values of standard free energy (<em>ΔG</em>°), enthalpy (<em>&Delta

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32

Kaur, Jaspreet, Rahla Naghma, and Bobby Antony. "Electron induced ionisation of C3 to C6 ethanoates." RSC Advances 5, no. 26 (2015): 20090–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra17134a.

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The present article reports the calculation of electron impact total ionisation cross sections for C<sub>3</sub> to C<sub>6</sub> ethanoates for the energy range from the ionisation threshold of the target to 5000 eV.

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33

Harrich, M., M. Friedrich, S. R. Marple, and K. M. Torkar. "The background absorption at high latitudes." Advances in Radio Science 1 (May 5, 2003): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-1-325-2003.

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Abstract. The high latitude ionosphere is more often disturbed than quiet, i.e. fluxes of charged particles dominate over solar controlled ionisation. Nonetheless, the actual amount of the predictable, solar-controlled ionisation and the resulting absorption is of interest for some applications.

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34

Zagorodskikh, S., M. Vapa, O. Vahtras, et al. "An experimental and theoretical study of core–valence double ionisation of acetaldehyde (ethanal)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 4 (2016): 2535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp05758b.

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Core–valence double ionisation spectra of acetaldehyde (ethanal) are presented at photon energies above the carbon and oxygen 1s ionisation edges, measured by a versatile multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy technique and analyzed by means of quantum chemical calculations of transition energies.

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35

Tavard, C. "Double-Ionisation Processes and Electronic Structures." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 48, no. 1-2 (1993): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1993-1-246.

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Abstract The electron momentum distribution of a given target can be extracted, under impulsive conditions, from the simple ionisation processes relevant to Compton collisions. This document classifies and investigates the physical mechanisms of double ionisation, in connection with the target electronic structure.

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36

Dujko, S., J. Atić, D. Bošnjaković, et al. "Transport of electrons and propagation of the negative ionisation fronts in indium vapour." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 30, no. 11 (2021): 115019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac3343.

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Abstract We study the transport of electrons and propagation of the negative ionisation fronts in indium vapour. Electron swarm transport properties are calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation technique over a wide range of reduced electric fields E/N (where E is the electric field and N is the gas number density) and indium vapour temperatures in hydrodynamic conditions, and under non-hydrodynamic conditions in an idealised steady-state Townsend (SST) setup. As many indium atoms are in the first ( 5 s 2 5 p ) 2 P 3 / 2 metastable state at vapour temperatures of a few thousand Kelvin, the in

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37

Pérez, E., L. Cuesta, D. Axon, and A. Robinson. "Ionisation Structure of NGC 6543." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 180 (1997): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900130888.

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We have obtained high spectral resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio longslit spectra of a sample of Planetary Nebulae with the purpose of studying their physical conditions, chemical composition and ionisation structure. In particular, we are interested in disentangling the effects of radiation and shock ionisation.

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38

PIETRZAK, KATARZYNA, and BEATA GUTAROWSKA. "The Effectiveness of Photocatalytic Ionisation Disinfection of Filter Materials." Polish Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 2 (2013): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2013-018.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of photocatalytic ionisation as a disinfection method for filter materials contaminated by microorganisms, and to assess how air relative humidity (RH), time and microbe type influence the effectiveness of this disinfection. In the quantitative analysis of a used car air filter, bacterial contamination equalled 1.2 x 10(5) cfu/cm2, fungal contamination was 3.8 x 10(6) cfu/cm2, and the isolated microorganisms were Aspergillus niger, Bacillus megaterium, Cladosporium herbarum, Cryptococcus laurenti, Micrococcus sp., Rhodotorula glutini

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39

Ridley, B. K. "Ionisation waves in solids." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2, no. 13 (1990): 2941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/13/004.

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40

Parzynski, R. "Raman-enhanced multiphoton ionisation." Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics 20, no. 19 (1987): 5035–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3700/20/19/015.

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41

Aplin, K. L., and J. H. Williams. "Atmospheric ionisation in Snowdonia." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 301 (June 23, 2011): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/301/1/012002.

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42

Clarke, C. J., and J. E. Dale. "Simulations of ionisation triggering." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S237 (2006): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307001639.

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AbstractWe review recent pilot simulations that incorporate feedback from ionising radiation in SPH calculations of star forming clouds. In the case that the ionising radiation source is located within the star forming cloud, the inhomogeneity of the cloud significantly modifies the way that feedback operates compared with spherically symmetric cloud models. Inflow/outflow behaviour develops, combining accretion down dense filaments and thermally driven outflows that can remove many times the binding energy of the parent cloud. If the ionising source is located external to the cloud, we find e

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43

Whitehouse, Andrew I. "Laser-enhanced ionisation spectrometry." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 5 (1997): 292—XI. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-9936(97)89788-9.

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44

Concina, B., S. Tomita, N. Takahashi, et al. "Delayed ionisation of C76." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 252, no. 2 (2006): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2005.11.029.

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45

Roberts, A. D. "Laser Ionisation Mass Analysis." Analytica Chimica Acta 309, no. 1-3 (1995): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(95)90337-2.

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46

Concina, B., S. Tomita, J. U. Andersen, and P. Hvelplund. "Delayed ionisation of C70." European Physical Journal D 34, no. 1-3 (2005): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2005-00142-5.

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47

Reemtsma, Thorsten. "Flügel durch Elektrospray-Ionisation." Nachrichten aus der Chemie 52, no. 2 (2004): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20040520250.

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48

García-Rojas, Nancy Shyrley, Héctor Guillén-Alonso, Sandra Martínez-Jarquín, Abigail Moreno-Pedraza, Leonardo D. Soto-Rodríguez, and Robert Winkler. "Build, Share and Remix: 3D Printing for Speeding Up the Innovation Cycles in Ambient Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (AIMS)." Metabolites 12, no. 2 (2022): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12020185.

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Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry (AIMS) enables studying biological systems in their native state and direct high-throughput analyses. The ionisation occurs in the physical conditions of the surrounding environment. Simple spray or plasma-based AIMS devices allow the desorption and ionisation of molecules from solid, liquid and gaseous samples. 3D printing helps to implement new ideas and concepts in AIMS quickly. Here, we present examples of 3D printed AIMS sources and devices for ion transfer and manipulation. Further, we show the use of 3D printer parts for building custom AIMS sampling

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Kumar, Sugam, Aditya Aryan Lal, Kedar Mal, Deepak Chhimwal, Wolfgang Quint, and Manuel Vogel. "Delhi Penning trap setup for the study of relativistic electron-impact ionisation." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 05 (2025): C05016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/05/c05016.

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Abstract This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental methods of the Delhi Penning trap (DPT) setup for the background-free study of electron-impact ionisation in the relativistic regime. The setup combines trapped ions with the electron beam of a free-electron laser. It employs a cryogenic cylindrical Penning trap that is devoted to the study of charge breeding of highly charged ions by electron-impact ionisation in the regime of relativistic electron energies in the range from 1 to 8 MeV. In particular, the experiment focuses on the ionisation cross sections in this yet s

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Rodríguez-Barrera, M. I., Ch Helling, and K. Wood. "Environmental effects on the ionisation of brown dwarf atmospheres." Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (October 2018): A107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832685.

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Context. Brown dwarfs emit bursts of Hα, white-light flares, and show radio flares and quiescent radio emission. They are suggested to form aurorae, similar to planets in the solar system, but much more energetic. All these processes require a source gas with an appropriate degree of ionisation, which, so far, is mostly postulated to be sufficient. Aims. We aim to demonstrate that the Galactic environment influences atmospheric ionisation, and that it hence amplifies or enables the magnetic coupling of the atmospheres of ultra-cool objects, like brown dwarfs and free-floating planets. Methods.

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