Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ionization equilibrium / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Ionization equilibrium.

Journal articles on the topic 'Ionization equilibrium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Ionization equilibrium.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Böhringer, Hans. "Equilibrium Ionization and Non-Equilibrium Ionization Plasma Models." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 166 (1997): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100071232.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis paper provides a brief review on ionization and radiation models of an optically thin, hot plasma and their application to the interpretation of observations of the Local Bubble. The basic structure and atomic physics ingredients of the models are outlined. Some general characteristic results of ionization equilibrium and non-equilibrium calculations are shown. Recent progress in plasma model codes is reviewed. The interpretation of the observations of absorption lines and emission spectra from the Local Bubble is discussed in the framework of ionization equilibrium and non-equili

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Arnaud, M., and J. Raymond. "Iron ionization and recombination rates and ionization equilibrium." Astrophysical Journal 398 (October 1992): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/171864.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Smith, Randall K., and John P. Hughes. "IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM TIMESCALES IN COLLISIONAL PLASMAS." Astrophysical Journal 718, no. 1 (2010): 583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/718/1/583.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bobrov, V. B., S. A. Trigger, and W. Ebeling. "Identity of electrons and ionization equilibrium." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 95, no. 2 (2011): 25001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/95/25001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Vera Rueda, Matías, and René D. Rohrmann. "Hydrogen ionization equilibrium in magnetic fields." Astronomy & Astrophysics 635 (March 2020): A180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937413.

Full text

Abstract:

We assess the partition function and ionization degree of magnetized hydrogen atoms at thermodynamic equilibrium for a wide range of field intensities, B ≈ 105–1012 G. Evaluations include fitting formulae for an arbitrary number of binding energies, the coupling between the internal atomic structure and the center-of-mass motion across the magnetic field, and the formation of the so-called decentered states (bound states with the electron shifted from the Coulomb well). Non-ideal gas effects are treated within the occupational probability method. We also present general mathematical expression

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Leys, C., C. van Egmond, and E. Desoppere. "Ionization equilibrium in flowing laser mixtures." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 30, no. 4 (1997): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/30/4/011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Potekhin, Alexander Y. "Ionization equilibrium of hot hydrogen plasma." Physics of Plasmas 3, no. 11 (1996): 4156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871547.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Gerard, Massacrier. "Calculation of Ionization Equilibrium for Dense Plasmas." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 137 (1993): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100017875.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe propose a new approach to calculate the populations of the different ionic states and ionization stages that may exist in a plasma in thermodynamic equilibrium. A self-consistent scheme is solved for each ionization stage, which couples the local density of free electrons and the atomic structure of this stage.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Eder, D. C. "Ionization equilibrium in isolated H II regions." Astrophysical Journal 290 (March 1985): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/162977.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Steinberg, M., J. Ortner, and W. Ebeling. "Ionization Equilibrium of a Magnetized Quantum Plasma." Contributions to Plasma Physics 41, no. 2-3 (2001): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3986(200103)41:2/3<235::aid-ctpp235>3.0.co;2-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Imada, S., I. Murakami, T. Watanabe, H. Hara, and T. Shimizu. "MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN NON-EQUILIBRIUM IONIZATION PLASMA." Astrophysical Journal 742, no. 2 (2011): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/742/2/70.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Prokhorov, D. A. "Non-equilibrium ionization states in galaxy clusters." Astronomy and Astrophysics 509 (November 12, 2009): A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200913195.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Macris, N., and Ph A. Martin. "Ionization equilibrium in the electron-proton gas." Journal of Statistical Physics 60, no. 5-6 (1990): 619–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01025985.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Romeo, M. "Ionization equilibrium in a two-temperature plasma." Lettere Al Nuovo Cimento Series 2 43, no. 8 (1985): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02746967.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Dufresne, R. P., G. Del Zanna, and N. R. Badnell. "Effects of density on the oxygen ionization equilibrium in collisional plasmas." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, no. 2 (2020): 1443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2005.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The ion populations most frequently adopted for diagnostics in collisional plasmas are derived from the density independent coronal approximation. In higher density, lower temperature conditions, ionization rates are enhanced once metastable levels become populated, and recombination rates are suppressed if ions recombine into Rydberg levels. As a result, the formation temperatures of ions shift, altering the diagnostics of the plasma. To accurately model the effect of ionization from metastable levels, new electron impact ionization cross-sections have been calculated for oxygen, bot

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Dzifčáková, Elena, and Jaroslav Dudík. "Non-equilibrium ionization by a periodic electron beam." Astronomy & Astrophysics 610 (February 2018): A67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731744.

Full text

Abstract:

Context. Transition region (TR) spectra typically show the Si IV 1402.8 Å line to be enhanced by a factor of 5 or more compared to the neighboring O IV 1401.2 Å, contrary to predictions of ionization equilibrium models and the Maxwellian distribution of particle energies. Non-equilibrium effects in TR spectra are therefore expected. Aims. To investigate the combination of non-equilibrium ionization and high-energy particles, we apply the model of the periodic electron beam, represented by a κ-distribution that recurs at periods of several seconds, to plasma at chromospheric temperatures of 104

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Rojas, Antonio, Alfonso Perez-Encabo, Ignacio Herraiz-Sierra та Carlos A. Blanco. "Tautomerization tendencies of 2-acetylcycloalkanones, 2-acetyl-1,3-cycloalkanediones, and cyclic β-keto esters of five- and six-membered rings". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, № 4 (2001): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-061.

Full text

Abstract:

NMR and kinetics studies of the tautomeric equilibrium of 2-acetylcycloalkanones, 2-acetyl-1,3-cycloalkanediones, and methyl 2-oxocycloalkanecarboxylates of five- and six-membered rings have been carried out. By comparing 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra recorded in D2ODOCD3 and CDCl3, with those results derived using a bromination kinetic procedure in dilute aqueous solution, information concerning tautomeric interconversion is provided. Some discussions considering ionisation equilibria and rate constants involved have also been considered. Solvent and concentration effects on keto-enol equilibri

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Rodríguez, M., and R. H. Rubin. "The Ionization Equilibrium of Iron in H II Regions." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 217 (2004): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900197414.

Full text

Abstract:

We study the ionization equilibrium of Fe using photoionization models that incorporate improved values for the relevant atomic data. The previously available photoionization models predict concentrations of Fe3+ which are a factor of 3-8 higher than the values inferred from emission lines of [Fe III] and [Fe IV]. Our new models reduce these discrepancies to factors of 2-5. We comment on the possible reasons behind the remaining discrepancies, and present an updated ionization correction factor for obtaining the Fe abundance from the Fe++ abundance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Leahy, D. A. "Distinguishing Models for ACIS Data of Diffuse Emission." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600016828.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDiscussed here is the issue of discriminating different spectral models for diffuse emission observations with the Chandra ACIS. First background models are considered. Then standard source models such as non-ionization equilibrium and ionization equilibrium models and models with different metal abundances are considered. The datasets used are from Chandra ACIS observations of diffuse emission, in particular of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ze-Qing, Wu, Pang Jin-Qiao, Han Guo-Xing, and Yan Jun. "Ionization Balance in Non-Local-Thermodynamic-Equilibrium Plasmas." Chinese Physics Letters 21, no. 5 (2004): 877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/21/5/032.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

de Avillez, M. A., and D. Breitschwerdt. "Non-equilibrium ionization modeling of the Local Bubble." Astronomy & Astrophysics 539 (February 20, 2012): L1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117172.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Dzifčáková, E., J. Dudík, and Š. Mackovjak. "Non-equilibrium ionization by a periodic electron beam." Astronomy & Astrophysics 589 (April 14, 2016): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527557.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Ferland, G. J. "The ionization balance of a non-equilibrium plasma." Astronomy & Astrophysics 500, no. 1 (2009): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200912165.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Tie-qiang, Chang, Chen Guang-nan, Zhang Jun, and Huang Zhen-zhi. "Ionization in nonlocal thermal-equilibrium and radiation effect." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 255, no. 1-2 (1987): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(87)91112-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Bomzon, Biswadeep, Yashita Khunger, and Ranga Subramanian. "A dielectric and spectrophotometric study of the tautomerization of 2-hydroxypyridine and 2-mercaptopyridine in water." RSC Advances 10, no. 4 (2020): 2389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08392h.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Fuse, Hiraku, Tatsuya Fujisaki, Shinji Abe, Kenji Yasue, and Satoshi Oyama. "Quantifying temperature-equilibrium time using temperature analysis inside a Farmer ionization chamber." Journal of Radiation Research 61, no. 5 (2020): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rraa045.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In this study, we propose a methodology for temperature determination of the temperature and pressure correction factor, PTP, by analyzing the temperature distribution of the modeled ionization chamber taking into account the thermal effect of a water phantom on neighboring materials in the process. Additionally, we present an appropriate temperature-equilibrium time for conducting measurements. The temporal response in the cavity is acquired at 20-s intervals using a Farmer ionization chamber and an electrometer. The initial temperature of the water phantom is 20–25°C with continuous

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Todorovic, Zaklina, and Slobodan Milonjic. "Determination of intrinsic equilibrium constants at alumina/electrolyte interface." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 69, no. 12 (2004): 1063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0412063t.

Full text

Abstract:

Intrinsic ionization and complexation constants at an alumina/electrolyte interface were studied by the site binding model, while the sorption of alkali cations from aqueous solutions was interpreted by the triple-layer model. The surface properties of alumina were investigated by the potentiometric acid-base titrationmethod. The point of zero charge (pHpzc) of alumina obtained by thismethod was found to be 7.2. The obtained mean values of the intrinsic protonation and ionization constants of the surface hydroxyl groups and the intrinsic surface complexation constant, in different electrolytes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Gaikwad, Prakash, Raghunathan Srianand, Vikram Khaire, and Tirthankar Roy Choudhury. "Effect of non-equilibrium ionization on derived physical conditions of the high-z intergalactic medium." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 490, no. 2 (2019): 1588–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2692.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Non-equilibrium ionization effects are important in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations but are computationally expensive. We study the effect of non-equilibrium ionization evolution and UV ionizing background (UVB) generated with different quasar spectral energy distribution (SED) on the derived physical conditions of the intergalactic medium at 2 ≤ z ≤ 6 using our post-processing tool ‘Code for Ionization and Temperature Evolution’ (cite). cite produces results matching well with self-consistent simulations more efficiently. The He ii reionization progresses more rapidly in non-

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Zakuskin, Aleksandr S., Andrey M. Popov, and Timur A. Labutin. "Shift of ionization equilibrium in spatially confined laser induced plasma." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 34, no. 10 (2019): 1975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ja00238c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Gabdullin, Maratbek, Tlekkabul Ramazanov, Zhuldyz Otarbay, Meruert Mamatova, and Tomiris Ismagambetova. "IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM AND COMPOSITION OF LI-H-U PLASMA." CBU International Conference Proceedings 5 (September 24, 2017): 1185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v5.1093.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper composition of a non-ideal lithium-hydrogen-uranium plasma was studied using the Saha equation. The results obtained in this paper can be used both in theoretical calculations and in the implementation of various experimental projects related to non-ideal plasma, in particular, for studying the thermodynamic properties of nuclear fuel detected in gaseous plasma form in nuclear jet engines. The degree of ionization of lithium, hydrogen, and uranium atoms was determined as the ratio of the number of free electrons to the total number of nuclei in the plasma. The composition of the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Tsunemi, H. "Non-Equilibrium Condition in the SNR." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090011438x.

Full text

Abstract:

SNe are one of the major source of the heavy elements in Galaxy. They produced high temperature plasma heavily contaminated with heavy elements mixing with the interstellar matter. Due to the temperature and the density, the shock heated plasma does not reach the collisional ionization condition in young SNR, like Cassiopeia A, Tycho and Kepler. The emission is well represented with a non-equilibrium condition plasma.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Fuse, Hiraku, Soma Hirota, Tatsuya Fujisaki, et al. "Quantification of the temperature equilibrium time of the cavity in parallel-plate-type ionization chambers by thermal analysis." Journal of Radiation Research 62, no. 5 (2021): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrab073.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Temperature corrections are necessary to account for the varying mass of air in the cavity volume of a vented ionization chamber. The temporal response resulting from temperature changes in a cylindrical and/or Farmer-type ionization chamber, which is the standard dosimeter, has been thoroughly discussed by some researchers. The purpose of this study was to characterise and analyse the dependence of the cavity air temperature of the parallel-plate-type ionization chamber on changes in the ambient temperature. Ionization chambers NACP-02 (IBA Dosimetry, GmbH) and Advanced Markus TN3404

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Choquet, Isabelle, and Brigitte Lucquin-Desreux. "Non equilibrium ionization in magnetized two-temperature thermal plasma." Kinetic & Related Models 4, no. 3 (2011): 669–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/krm.2011.4.669.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Verner, D. A., and D. G. Yakovlev. "Ionization equilibrium and spectrum formation in QSOs' absorption regions." Astrophysics and Space Science 171, no. 1-2 (1990): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00646830.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Olluri, K., B. V. Gudiksen, and V. H. Hansteen. "NON-EQUILIBRIUM IONIZATION IN THE BIFROST STELLAR ATMOSPHERE CODE." Astronomical Journal 145, no. 3 (2013): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/145/3/72.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Redmer, R., T. Rother, K. Schmidt, W. D. Kraeft, and G. Röpke. "Ionization Equilibrium in Nonideal Alkali and Noble Gas Plasmas." Contributions to Plasma Physics 28, no. 1 (1988): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.2150280106.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Pereyra, Nicolas A. "ON LOCAL IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM AND DISK WINDS IN QSOs." Astrophysical Journal 795, no. 1 (2014): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/795/1/39.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Mori, Kaya, and Jeremy S. Heyl. "Ionization and dissociation equilibrium in strongly magnetized helium atmosphere." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 376, no. 2 (2007): 895–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11485.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Fischbach, K. F., L. M. Bateman, C. R. Canizares, T. H. Markert, and P. J. Saez. "A Comparison of Three Regions of Puppis A." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 115 (1990): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100012306.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractHigh resolution X-ray spectral observations of Puppis A were performed with the FPCS on the Einstein Observatory at three regions of the remnant: the shock front, the bright eastern knot, and the interior. Plasma diagnostics of lines from OVII and OVIII constrain the values of electron temperature, ionization timescale, and hydrogen column density. We compare results of the diagnostics for these three regions. A non-equilibrium analysis of previously published fluxes of oxygen lines shows that the interior has not yet reached ionization equilibrium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Sokolov, A. Yu, S. Kabashima, and V. M. Zubstov. "Time and space scales of electrical and gasdynamic non-uniformities in a non-equilibrium MHD plasma." Journal of Plasma Physics 54, no. 1 (1995): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800018365.

Full text

Abstract:

The Saha equilibrium approximation and the temperature relaxation approximation to the MHD equations are investigated with regard to the analysis of the formation of nonlinear ionization non-uniformities and their evolution in a non- equilibrium MHD plasma. An analysis of characteristic relaxation times under typical plasma parameters is carried out to verify these approximations. Characteristic space scales of electron thermal conductivity and radiation are evaluated. These space scales determine the characteristic width of nonlinear ionization wave fronts, and are important for the applicati

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Asensio, Salvador B., Enrique Lopez-Cantarero, and Juan Llor. "The thermodynamics of the ionization of 3-hydroxypyridine and pyridoxine in water–dioxane mixtures." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 6 (1992): 1635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-203.

Full text

Abstract:

A potentiometric method has been used to determine the thermodynamic equilibrium constants for the macroscopic ionization processes of 3-hydroxypyridine and pyridoxine in water–dioxane mixtures (0–70% weight fraction in dioxane) at temperatures from 10 to 50 °C. From these data the reaction standard thermodynamic function changes were obtained for the processes in various water–dioxane mixtures at 25 °C. It was found, in both molecules, that during the first ionization process the contributions of entropy and enthalpy to free energy are similar but that during the second ionization the main co

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Yao, Xudong, and Ralph M. Pollack. "Electronic effects on enol acidity and keto-enol equilibrium constants for ring-substituted 2-tetralones." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 5-6 (1999): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-006.

Full text

Abstract:

Equilibrium constants for the ionization of a variety of phenyl-substituted 2-tetralones (pKaK), for the ionization of their enols (pKaE), and for keto-enol tautomerization (pKE) were determined. Hammett plots of pKaK and pKaE vs. σ- are linear with slopes (-ρ) of -1.66 ± 0.06 and -0.90 ± 0.03, respectively, except for deviations of the points corresponding to 6-nitro-2-tetralone (1b) and its enol. We have previously attributed the negative deviation of 1b from the correlation for the acidities of the ketones obtained with the more limited set of data to the lack of a free electron pair on C-1

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Zhang, Ying Ru, Ira Solomon, and Seymour Aronson. "Ionic dissociation in complexes of iodine with triphenylarsine and triphenylstibine." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 4 (1991): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-091.

Full text

Abstract:

An electrochemical technique has been employed to study the ionization of the iodine complexes of (C6H5)3As, (C6H5)3Sb, and pyridine. Several different ionization mechanisms are proposed depending on the chemical nature and concentration of the reactants. A new ionic complex, (C6H5)3MI22+ is postulated for the interaction of iodine with (C6H5)3As and (C6H5)3Sb at high iodine concentrations. Equilibrium constants have been calculated from the emf data for the various ionization steps. Key words: triphenylarsine, triphenylstibine, iodine, complex formation, ionization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Guzman, F., Y. Marandet, P. Tamain, et al. "Ionization balance of impurities in turbulent scrape-off layer plasmas I: local ionization-recombination equilibrium." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 57, no. 12 (2015): 125014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/12/125014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Choi, Sai Cheng, and Russell J. Boyd. "Equilibrium structures, proton affinities, and ionization potentials of the fluoroacetones." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 4 (1985): 836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-139.

Full text

Abstract:

Theoretical calculations on the fluoroacetones and their conjugate acids exhibit an inverse dependence of the proton affinity on the number of fluorine substituents. The good correlation between increasing proton affinity and decreasing ionization potential is attributed to the observation that the ionization of a nonbonding electron is essentially localized at a single atom whieh is also the site of protonation. The best quantitative agreement between the theoretical and experimental proton affinities is obtained at the 6-31G* level, while the STO-3G basis set leads to a satisfactory account

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Shurygin, Vladimir A. "Nonlinear Problems of Equilibrium Charge State Transport in Hot Plasmas." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (2021): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020324.

Full text

Abstract:

The general coupling between particle transport and ionization-recombination processes in hot plasma is considered on the key concept of equilibrium charge state (CS) transport. A theoretical interpretation of particle and CS transport is gained in terms of a two-dimensional (2D) Markovian stochastic (random) processes, a discrete 2D Fokker-Plank-Kolmogorov equation (in charge and space variables) and generalized 2D coronal equilibrium between atomic processes and particle transport. The basic tool for analysis of CS equilibrium and transport is the equilibrium cell (EC) (two states on charge

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Crowther, P. A. "The effective temperatures of hot stars." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 189 (1997): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900116614.

Full text

Abstract:

We review the effective temperature scale of hot (≤ 10 kK) stars, including results from direct, continuum and ionization equilibrium techniques. We discuss the impact of recent developments in theoretical model atmospheres for OB subdwarfs, dwarfs and supergiants, white dwarfs and Wolf Rayet stars and present a revised Teff scale for OB stars. Direct techniques coupled with Kurucz model atmospheres allow Strömgren photometry to be used as a sensitive Teff indicator for normal stars with Teff ≥ 25 kK. Reliable Teff determinations for hotter, low surface gravity and H-deficient stars require so

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Allouche, R., R. Haoui, J. D. Parisse, and R. Renane. "Study of Thermo-Chemical Non-Equilibrium Phenomena behind Strong Shock Waves at Atmospheric Reentry." Advanced Materials Research 274 (July 2011): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.274.13.

Full text

Abstract:

This work consists of the numerical simulation of high enthalpy flows. The numerical model is governed by Euler equations and supplemented by the equations of the chemical kinetics modeling the phenomena of the chemical air components in a non-equilibrium state. The finite differences method is used for numerical simulations, the phenomena of a hypersonic flow one-dimensional reactive, non-viscous, chemical non-equilibrium is developed taking into account the physicochemical phenomena like the vibration, the dissociation of the diatomic molecules, the ionization of molecules and the formed ato

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Kresge, A. Jerry, and Qingshui Meng. "Carboxylic acid amide enols: keto-enol/enolate interconversion of N-methylindoline-2-one and its 2-thione and 2-selone analogs in aqueous solution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 9 (1999): 1528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-169.

Full text

Abstract:

Carbon-acid ionization constants, QaK (concentration quotient at ionic strength = 0.10 M), were determined by spectrophotometric titration in aqueous solution for N-methylindoline-2-one, pQaK = 15.70, N-methylindoline-2-thione, pQaK = 8.93, and N-methylindoline-2-selone, pQaK = 7.25. Rate profiles were also constructed for the thione and selone. These were interpreted, with support from the form of acid-base catalysis as well as solvent and substrate isotope effects, as representing keto - enol/enolate ion interconversion. That led to the enol acidity constant pQaE = 4.05 and the keto-enol equ

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Scaburri, Raffaele, Agostino Desalvo, and Roberta Nipoti. "Simulation of the Incomplete Ionization of the n-Type Dopant Phosphorus in 4H-SiC, Including Screening by Free Carriers." Materials Science Forum 679-680 (March 2011): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.397.

Full text

Abstract:

The simulation of the incomplete ionization of substitutional dopants in Silicon Carbide (SiC) is often performed using Boltzmann statistics and ionization energy values that do not depend on free carrier concentrations. But in the case of heavy doping Fermi-Dirac statistics is needed, while the case of an inhomogeneous dopants distribution or that of an excess carrier injection requires local free carrier concentration-dependent impurity ionization energies. Here a model for describing partial ionization from diluted to high homogeneous doping densities in SiC and in thermal equilibrium is pr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!