Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ionization method

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ionization method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 18 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ionization method"

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Hirabayashi, Atsumu, Minoru Sakairi, and Hideaki Koizumi. "Sonic Spray Ionization Method for Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 66, no. 24 (1994): 4557–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00096a025.

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Sulimenkov, Ilya V., Kamil R. Taziev, Vladimir S. Brusov, and Viatcheslav I. Kozlovskiy. "Using matrix-assisted ionization method for mass spectral identification of fullerene-dye conjugates." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 26, no. 6 (2020): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469066720970520.

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Traditional soft ionization methods are not always suitable for mass spectral analysis of complex compounds. Factors such as laser radiation and heating resulting in fragmentations of sample molecules in the case of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and difficulties in preparing suitable sample solutions in the case of electrospray ionization make it impossible to use these methods in some cases. Matrix-assisted ionization was used to analyze products of chemical synthesis involving pyropheophorbide and fullerene. Mass spectra were acquired using a simple effective modification of th
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Bartnik, Andrzej, Wojciech Skrzeczanowski, Henryk Fiedorowicz, et al. "Photoionized plasmas induced in molecular gases by extreme ultraviolet and X-ray pulses." EPJ Web of Conferences 167 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201816703003.

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In this work a laser-produced plasma (LPP) source was used to create low temperature plasmas. An extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray (EUV/SXR) radiation pulse was used for ionization of molecular gases, injected into a vacuum chamber synchronously with the EUV/SXR pulse. Energies of photons exceeding 100 eV were sufficient for dissociative ionization, ionization of atoms or even ions. The resulting photoelectrons had also enough energy for further ionizations or excitations. Time resolved UV/VIS spectra, corresponding to single charged ions, molecules and molecular ions, were recorded. For spec
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Gavrikov, Mikhail Borisovich, and Aleksei Aleksandrovich Tayurskiy. "Numerical solution of ionization equations using the fractional steps method." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 54 (2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2024-54.

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The fractional step method is used to solve the ionization equations for electron-ion plasma containing neutrals in relation to processes in stationary plasma thrusters (SPT). Splitting by physical processes is used: the evolution of plasma is presented as a superposition of pure transfer in an external field in phase space with subsequent ionization. To calculate the transfer, the macroparticle method was used. The ionization process in the case of plane symmetry is calculated using explicit analytical formulas. The obtained formulas of the fractional step method are compared with the numeric
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Wu, Fangling, and Chuan-Fan Ding. "Electro-Filtering Paper Spray Ionization Method." Journal of Infectiology 2, no. 3 (2019): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2689-9981/2019/3.1140.

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de Avillez, Miguel A., Mauro Guerra, José Paulo Santos, and Dieter Breitschwerdt. "Relativistic electron impact ionization cross sections of carbon ions and application to an optically thin plasma." Astronomy & Astrophysics 631 (October 17, 2019): A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935337.

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Context. Ionization through electron impact is a fundamental process associated with the evolution of the ionic structure and emissivity of astrophysical plasmas. Over several decades substantial efforts have been made to measure and calculate the ionization cross sections of ionization through electron impact of different ions shell by shell, in particular, of carbon ions. Spectral emission codes use electron-impact ionization cross sections and/or rates taken from different experimental and theoretical sources. The theoretical cross sections are determined numerically and include a diversity
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Guo, Li, Mingqing Liu, Ronghua Lu, Shensheng Han, and Jing Chen. "Analysis of above-threshold ionization by “Wigner-distribution-like function” method." Laser and Particle Beams 37, no. 4 (2019): 448–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034619000569.

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AbstractAbove-threshold ionization (ATI) is one of the most fundamental processess when atoms or molecules are subjected to intense laser fields. Analysis of ATI process in intense laser fields by a Wigner-distribution-like (WDL) function is reviewed in this paper. The WDL function is used to obtain various time-related distributions, such as time-energy distribution, ionization time distribution, and time-emission angle distribution and so on, of atoms in laser field pulses with different laser parameters. For the linearly polarized laser pulses, the time-energy distribution intuitively shows
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Dąbek, Józef, and Stanislaw Halas. "Physical Foundations of Rhenium-Osmium Method - A Review." Geochronometria 27, no. -1 (2007): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10003-007-0011-4.

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Physical Foundations of Rhenium-Osmium Method - A Review A newly acquired mass spectrometer MI 1201 by the Mass Spectrometry Laboratory will be adapted to determine rhenium and osmium isotope concentrations using negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry (NTIMS). We describe the principle of the Re-Os dating technique and the thermal ionization phenomena which lead to high precision isotope analysis on NTIMS.
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Cho, Kyung-Cho, Byoung-Kyu Cho, Jin Woo Jung, Ye Ji Lee, Eun Bong Lee, and Eugene C. Yi. "SRM-MS Method Development for Hepcidin-25 Peptide." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2018 (June 14, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9653747.

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As advanced mass spectrometry- (MS-) based hepcidin analysis offers to overcome the limitations in analytical methods using antihepcidin, further improvement of MS detection sensitivity for the peptide may enhance the diagnostic value of the hepcidin for various iron-related disorders. Here, improved MS detection sensitivity of hepcidin has been achieved by reducing the disulfide bonds in hepcidin, by which proton accessibility increased, compared to the intact hepcidin peptide. Comparing the ionization efficiencies of reduced and nonreduced forms of hepcidin, the reduced form of hepcidin show
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Gall, L. N., and A. G. Kouzmin. "Creeping Discharge Mass Spectrometry: A New Method for Elemental Analysis of Dielectrics." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 8, no. 3 (2002): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.493.

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The creeping discharge (CD), a special kind of surface discharge, is proposed as a method of ionization in mass spectrometry for elemental analysis of dielectrics. Characteristic features of creeping discharge ionization mass spectra of dielectric samples were studied. An yttrium oxide standard sample and dielectrics of high electric strength were successfully analyzed. The results of analysis of the ion charge state in creeping discharge are presented. A theoretical model of creeping discharge ionization is offered.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ionization method"

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Olivier, EI, Toit D. Du, and JH Hamman. "Development of an analytical method for the evaluation of N,N-dimethylformamide in dosage form design." Pharmazie, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000865.

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N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is a well-known chemical entity that is extensively used for pharmaceutical, biomedical and chemical applications. Previous research identified the need for the development of an effective dosage form for the systemic delivery of DMF due to its unique antiviral properties. For purposes of quality control and evaluation during pharmaceutical product development, development of an analytical method was required. A gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed with a flame-ionization detector (FID) on a carbowax packed glass column. 2-Methoxyethanol was used as interna
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Liu, Qiang. "Fundamental Study and Method Development for Surface-based Laser Desorption Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02262009-143514/.

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By providing both the chemical identity and the spatial organization of each component in biological samples, Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) becomes an emerging tool in clinic and pharmacological study. Most work in IMS has been focused on protein and peptide mapping in biological samples to take advantage of effective analyte ionization in MALDI-MS, and also partially due to the limitation of MALDI-MS in small molecule detection. The focus of my research is to develop novel tools to image spatial distribution of small molecules in biological samples. A surface-based mass spectrometric imagin
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Andersson, Jonas. "Ion recombination in liquid ionization chambers : development of an experimental method to quantify general recombination." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Radiofysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68942.

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An experimental method (the two-dose-rate method) for the correction of general recombination losses in liquid ionization chambers has been developed and employed in experiments with different liquids and radiation qualities. The method is based on a disassociation of initial and general recombination, since an ionized liquid is simultaneously affected by both of these processes. The two-dose-rate method has been compared to an existing method for general recombination correction for liquid ionization chambers, and has been found to be the most robust method presently available. The soundness
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Ross, William Charles. "Monte Carlo calculations of inner shell ionization profiles and the secondary electron background in electron spectroscopy." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298446.

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Lee, Kim Chung. "Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry method development and applications for the analysis of food and medicinal herbs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/995.

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Nordgren, Helena. "Mass spectrometry in the search for new drugs of abuse : method development and clinical application /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-827-0/.

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Chia, Ching Kean. "Impact ionisation in Al←xGa←1←-←xAs/GaAs heterojunction and multiple quantum well structures." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287690.

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Ververs, James. "A quantitative method for reproducible ionization chamber alignment to a water surface for external beam radiation therapy depth dose measurements." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2600.

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Ionization chambers (ICs) are the most commonly used detectors for radiation therapy dose measurements. Typical IC measurements use cylindrical ICs in a water phantom and therefore require initial IC alignment to the water surface. This alignment has long been ignored and only recently has a qualitative governing recommendation been made. This thesis describes a reproducible methodology for quantitative ionization chamber water surface alignment. Depth-ionization measurements are taken with twenty-eight IC designs under varying conditions including, but not limited to, changes in scan directio
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Thomas, Jennifer L. "Method Development for the Analysis of Smokeless Powders and Organic Gunshot Residue by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1017.

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The goal of this project was to develop a rapid separation and detection method for analyzing organic compounds in smokeless powders and then test its applicability on gunshot residue (GSR) samples. In this project, a total of 20 common smokeless powder additives and their decomposition products were separated by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). Some of the targeted compounds included diphenylamines, centralites, nitrotoluenes, nitroglycerin, and various phthalates. The compounds were
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Coons, Marc P. L. "Solvent Effects for Vertical Ionization Processes in Liquid Water and at the Liquid-Vapor Interface." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503014629752161.

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Books on the topic "Ionization method"

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Direct simulation Monte Carlo with ionization and radiation. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Gallis, M. A. Modelling of ionisation reactions and of the resulting electric fields in one-dimensional hypersonic shock waves with the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Imperial College of Science Technology & Medicine, Dept. of Aeronautics, 1992.

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Kopecký, Dušan. Deposition of polypyrrole thin films by advanced method: Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation. Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Barnett, Neil W., ed. Ionization Methods in Organic Mass Spectrometry. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847551191.

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Ashcroft, Alison E. Ionization methods in organic mass spectrometry. Royal Society of Chemistry, 1997.

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Durbin, Paul A. Asymptotic analysis of corona discharge from thin electrodes. Lewis Research Center, 1986.

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F, Hillenkamp, and Peter-Katalinić Jasna, eds. MALDI MS: A practical guide to instrumentation, methods and applications. Wiley-VCH, 2007.

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NATO, Advanced Research Workshop on Methods and Mechanisms for Producing Ions from Large Molecules (1990 Minaki Ont ). Methods and mechanisms for producing ions from large molecules. Plenum Press, 1991.

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Craig, Byrdwell William, ed. Modern methods for lipid analysis by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and related techniques. AOCS Press, 2005.

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Werner, Ens, Standing K. G, and Chernushevich I. V, eds. New methods for the study of biomolecular complexes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ionization method"

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Ortmann, L., A. AlShafey, A. Staudte, and A. S. Landsman. "Simulating Strong Field Tunnel Ionization of Molecules." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47938-0_14.

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AbstractRecently we introduced a method to quantify the relative contribution of upfield versus downfield ionization when a diatomic molecule is exposed to intense infrared light [1]. Applying this to previously measured electron momenta distributions following strong field ionization of N2, we found approximately a 2∶1 ratio of electrons ionized from a downfield atom, relative to upfield. This suggests that the bound state wave function largely adapts adiabatically to the changing laser field, although the nonadiabatic process of ionization enhancement still contributes significantly even in neutral molecules. Here, we discuss the Quantum Trajectory Monte Carlo (QTMC) used to simulate electron trajectories, and explore possible modifications of the model [1].
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Hamonou, L., T. Morishita, O. I. Tolstikhin, and S. Watanabe. "Siegert-State Method for Strong Field Ionization of Molecules." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28948-4_50.

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Torrens, Francisco, and Gloria Castellano. "Mass Spectrometry: The Only Method with Many Ionization Techniques." In Research Methods and Applications in Chemical and Biological Engineering. Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429424137-5.

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Kheifets, A. S., and Igor Bray. "Total and Single Differential Cross Sections for He Double Photoionization Calculated by the CCC Method." In Coincidence Studies of Electron and Photon Impact Ionization. Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9751-0_14.

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Noto, Takuma, Hideki Tomita, Sven Richter, et al. "Proposal on dynamic correction method for resonance ionization mass spectrometry." In LAP 2012. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6495-8_10.

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Derpmann, Valerie, Iustinian Bejan, Hendrik Kersten, et al. "An Ionization Method Based on Photoelectron Induced Thermal Electron Generation: capillary Atmospheric Pressure Electron Capture Ionization (cAPECI)." In Disposal of Dangerous Chemicals in Urban Areas and Mega Cities. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5034-0_19.

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Takabe, Hideaki. "Atomic Process in Plasmas." In Springer Series in Plasma Science and Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45473-8_5.

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AbstractWhen a high-intensity laser is irradiated onto a solid gold (Z = 79), half of the electrons is partially ionized. The multi-electron structure of such ions is not obvious. Quantum mechanics of multi-electron systems and calculations of ionization statistics are required. In this chapter, the electrons in the ion are approximated to be bound in a spherically symmetric mean field, and the isolated atom is studied.The Hartree-Hock (HF) equation, which accurately describes atoms in many-electron systems, can be solved, but it is a daunting task. For this purpose, simple but error-prone approximations have been used, such as the HULLAC and OPAL codes, which use the para-potential method instead of a rigorous description of the HF. It is an intuitive and easy-to-understand approximation.Once the quantum state of the bound electrons can be calculated, the statistical distribution of ionization can be obtained by solving the Saha equation for thermal equilibrium. The threshold of ionization (continuum lowering) is determined. The calculation of such an ionic structure is presented. Due to the high temperature of the plasma, interaction with thermal radiation and free electrons cause excitation, ionization, and the reverse process. Calculations of these processes will be presented.Applications of the rate equations will be explained. In the recently introduced X-ray laser (XFEL) heating, free electrons are also non-equilibrium (non-Maxwellian). This chapter begins with a review of hydrogen and helium atoms, and then introduces the topics of atomic physics and processes from the laboratory to the universe.
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Crance, Michèle, and Jocelyne Sinzelle. "Multiphoton ionization of atoms in a strong field. A non-perturbative method." In Fundamentals of Laser Interactions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-15640-2_57.

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Lin, Yen-Hsiu, and Wei-Lung Tseng. "A Sample Preparation Method for Gold Nanoparticle-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-319-6_12.

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Younger, S. M. "Quantum Theoretical Methods for Calculating Ionization Cross Sections." In Electron Impact Ionization. Springer Vienna, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4028-4_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ionization method"

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Chaloupka, Jan L. "Investigating a Transition in the Dynamics of Strong-Field Double Ionization in an Intense Bicircular Laser Pulse." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.jtu5a.75.

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Using a classical ensemble method, we probe the double ionization of rare gases in intense bicircular laser pulses across a range of intensities and ionization potentials. We uncover a dramatic transition in the dynamics that lead to non-sequential double ionization, and establish a classical interpretation of the well-known Keldysh parameter.
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Kuznetsov, A. V. "Tunnel ionization in FDTD method." In XVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE AND LASER PHYSICS DEVOTED TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF IRKUTSK STATE UNIVERSITY. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5089833.

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Miyake, Y. "A new method to obtain a 212 nm laser source for Lyman-α light with CLBO crystals". У RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 2000: Laser Ionization and Applications Incorporating RIS; 10th International Symposium. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1405618.

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Weickhardt, C., H. Nagel, S. Schmidt, and U. Boesl. "A quantitative calibration method for resonant multiphoton ionization." In The 7th international symposium: Resonance ionization spectroscopy 1994. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47569.

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Schafer, K. J. "New method for numerical simulation of multiphoton ionization." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.fb2.

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The theoretical description of multiphoton ionization of atoms by high power, short pulse lasers ultimately rests on the ability to integrate the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. Currently, the most advanced codes available for this purpose are atomic scattering programs, which include few of the features intrinsic to the laser-atom problem. By using a mixed radial mesh/angular momentum state representation of the atomic wavefunctions we find that we can reproduce the results from atomic scattering codes with an order of magnitude less effort, for cases where one electron is assumed to ion
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Aseyev, S. A., A. V. Kunetz, and V. S. Letokhov. "The Development of Laser Method of Rare Isotope Al-26 Detection as Applied for Environmental Problems." In Resonance ionization spectroscopy 1996: Eighth international symposium. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.52220.

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Axner, O., and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop. "Laser-Enhanced Ionization Spectrometry as an Ultra-Sensitive Method for Trace Element Analysis." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1987.tua3.

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In Laser-Enhanced Ionization spectrometry (LEI), the thermal ionization rate of an analyte atom in a flame or furnace is enhanced when the atom illuminated by light from a pulsed dye laser system, tuned to an absorption transition. The enhanced ionization rate which follows the excitation is detected non-optically by applying an electric field across the interaction region and measuring the current. Two-step LEI, where the atoms are simultaneously excited by the light from two dye lasers, gives an increase in both the sensitivity and selectivity of the method.
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Gallis, Michael, and John Harvey. "New ionization model for the direct simulation Monte Carlo method." In 31st Thermophysics Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-1849.

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Zhao, Qijin, Baoquan Mao, Xianghua Bai, Yuying Yang, Rui Zhu, and Chunlin Chen. "Advances in Electrical Conductivity Calculation Method of Thermal Ionization Plasma." In 2021 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing Technologies (ICMIMT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmimt52186.2021.9476174.

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Olenev, Evgeniy, Walid Al-Haidri, Olga Lebedinskaya, and Hamid Marwan A.A. "A Novel Method for Humidification and Ionization of Indoor Air." In 2020 Ural Symposium on Biomedical Engineering, Radioelectronics and Information Technology (USBEREIT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usbereit48449.2020.9117722.

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Reports on the topic "Ionization method"

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Pibida, L., R. Minniti, and M. McCord. Characterization Method of Ionization Chamber Type Detectors. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.2204.

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Olsen, Daniel, and Brenna King. PR-179-18203-R01 Experimental Evaluation of Stack Testing Methods for Accurate VOC Measurement. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011654.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are defined as non-methane, non-ethane hydrocarbons and have negative environmental effects, especially in the formation of ozone that creates smog. The combination of a gas chromatograph and a flame ionization detector can be implemented to quantify VOCs in engine exhaust following EPA Method 18/25A. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer can also be used to quantify VOCs in engine exhaust gas, following EPA Method 320. In this work testing and data analysis are performed with both measurement methods on multiple analyzers utilizing different engine type
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Armstrong, Gregory, and James P. Colgan. Application of the time-dependent close-coupling method to ionization of multi-electron atoms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1124627.

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Amirav, Aviv, and Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.

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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigator
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Whitten, William B., and Peter T. A. Reilly. Alternative Ionization Methods for Particle Mass Spectrometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835372.

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Whitten, William B., and Peter T. A. Reilly. Alternative Ionization Methods for Particle Mass Spectrometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835383.

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Whitten, William, and Peter T. Reilly. Alternative Ionization Methods for Particle Mass Spectrometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838675.

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Thompson and Anderson. GRl-90-0337 Identification of Injected Storage Gas. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011193.

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This project developed and evaluated methods for distinguishing between natural gases from different sources. Identification of particular "batches" of gas can be of considerable importance. For example, means of distinguishing between gases can demonstrate whether a gas appearing at the surface over a storage area is migrating storage gas or is gas formed by bacterial action above the storage zone. As another example, identification methods can allow detection of migration from a storage zone to an adjacent production zone. Two general methods were evaluated/developed in this project; tracers
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9

Beshouri, Huschenbett, and Bothwell. PR-360-08207-R01 Cylinder Level Sensing and Control on Typical Pipeline Engines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010693.

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Abstract:
Further reductions in NOx emissions while maintaining optimum engine performance can only be obtained by improving engine combustion control at the cylinder level. This requires cylinder level sensors capable of continuously monitoring combustion performance in both the main combustion chamber (MCC) and the pre-combustion chamber (PCC) and electronically actuated valves that can respond to those measurements. Until recently, in-PCC combustion measurements on spark ignited engines were only possible in the laboratory using very expensive pressure sensors with extremely short lives. Ion Sense of
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10

Winefordner, J. D. Development of laser excited atomic fluorescence and ionization methods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5133251.

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