Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ions ionisés'
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Collet, David. "Spectroscopie laser haute sensibilité des ions moléculaires en phase gazeuse : étude des ions N2+, Cl2+ et HBBr+." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-278.pdf.
Full textHimoudi, Abdelilah. "Simulation numérique de la cinétique des ions dans les gaz rares faiblement ionisés : détermination des données de base." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30171.
Full textEssabaa, Said. "Interaction d'ions lents extrêmement chargés avec les gaz et les solides." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112205.
Full textBernard, Corine. "Etude d'un plasma à résonance cyclotron électronique par spectroscopie dans la gamme du visible." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10274.
Full textBarakel, Damien. "Implantations d'ions H+ et BF2+ dans du silicium par faisceau et immersion plasma. Application aux cellules solaires." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30065.
Full textIon beam implantation technique is currently used in silicon technology, however it could be replaced by plasma immersion ion implantation. In this work we investigate the effects of a heavy hydrogen ion dose implantation by both preceding techniques, as well as the formation of P+-N junctions by BF3 plasma ion immersion. We have found that hydrogen can form shallow donors and that P type silicon can be converted in N type, close to the surface, at a depth corresponding to the projected range. Multicrystalline silicon wafers were improved after hydrogen plasma immersion, due to the passivation of bulk imperfections. Ultra shallow junctions can be obtained by plasma immersion doping at low energy. Solar cells have been prepared using both techniques
Berlemont, Pierre. "Etude de la temperature des ions negatifs et resultats de simulations numeriques des plasmas multipolaires d'hydrogene." Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN2030.
Full textDevynck, Pascal. "Étude de la répartition spatiale des ions H⁻ et de leur vitesse dans une décharge multipolaire d'hydrogène." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112032.
Full textPerona, Anna. "Evolution of suprathermal particles during reconnection events in magnetized plasmas." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11035.
Full textDepret, Gilles. "Simulation eulérienne de Vlasov pour l'étude de la turbulence ionique dans les plasmas de tokamak." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10245.
Full textRocher, Joe͏̈lle. "Dynamique d'un nuage d'ions piégés et application à la mesure de cinétique de collisions ion-molécule lentes." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11033.
Full textZaïm-Bilheux, Hassina. "Design and initial comparative evaluation studies of conventional "surface" and new concept "volume"-type, all permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0008.
Full textECR ion sources are clearly the best choice of existing sources for the generation of CW beams of highly charged ions, and therefore, they are at a premium for high-energy accelerator-based applications. The technology of the source has slowly but steadily advanced over the past several years (improvement in plasma confinement; use of very high frequency microwave radiation; improvement in vacuum quality; supplementing their plasma discharges with cold electrons; biased disks; and gas mixing effect). Recently, it has been suggested that their performances can be significantly further enhanced by incresing the physical sizes of their ECR zones in relation to the sizes of their plasma volumes (spatial and frequency domain methods). A 6 GHz, all-permanent magnet ECR ion source with à large resonant plasma volume has been designed, constructed and initially tested at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The conventional minimum-B("surface") resonance conditions so that direct comparaisons of the performances of the two source types can be made under identical operating conditions. According to initial test results, the flat-B source performs better than its conventionnal-B conterpart, in terms of charge-state distribution and intensity within a particular charge-state. This is attributable to the very large ECR zones present in the source and their locations with respect to the launch direction of the RF power
Rebont, Cyril. "Etude d'une colonne de plasma magnétisé par fluorescence induite par laser." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2010AIX11056.pdf.
Full textThe experimental study of linear magnetized plasmas was previously performed using Langmuir probes, spectroscopy or more recently fast imaging. In this thesis, another diagnotic, time resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) , was implemented in the linear magnetoplasma device MISTRAL. This diagnostic provides the instantaneous Argon ion velocity distribution function. The MISTRAL device creates a linear magnetized plasma limited by a 10 cm circular aperture. We observe, for different experimental conditions, a radial rotation of an extension of the plasma outside the area bounded by the diaphragm. This extension has the form of one or two spiral "arms". From the distribution functions, the temporal fluctuations of density, velocity and electric field are calculated. These innovative measurements show that the ion motion is more complex than the expected ExB drift. The plasma does not rotate in block as has often been assumed. One has to notice that differences exist between the two observed modes, specially on the rotation frequency as compared to cyclotronic frequency. This work opens the path to new exciting theorical analysis
Leblond, David. "Simulation des plasmas de tokamak avec XTOR : régimes des dents de scie et évolution vers une modélisation cinétique des ions." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/84/53/PDF/these.pdf.
Full textWe present a numerical study of sawtooth in ohmic tokamak plasmas with the XTOR-2F code. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to explore the long-term dynamics of the internal kink. Resistive MHD gives two regimes : stable oscillations or a saturated helicoidal state. Stabilizing diamagnetic drifts enable us to find sawteeth for pertinent experimental parameters. We also present the contributions made for the transition of the code toward the hybrid MHD-kinetic code XTOR-K, to include both kinetic and fluid effects. We chose a full-f, full-orbit kinetic model, coupled to the fluid part through a Newton-Krylov/Picard algorithm which is stable for the fundamental MHD modes. Orbit integration is done by the Boris algorithm, adapted in toroidal geometry. Invariants of motion do not accumulate numerically. Several methods, including a numerical temporal filter, are considered to reduce the noise on the particular pressure tensor
Aubriet, Frédéric. "Etude par spectrométrie de masse de la formation des agrégats ionisés induits par ablation/ionisation laser de composés minéraux : application à la différenciation des degrés d'oxydation du chrome." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Aubriet.Frederic.SMZ9949.pdf.
Full textAssas, Stéphane. "Dynamique des ions suprathermiques et rotation toroïdale des plasmas de tokamak chauffés par les ondes à la fréquence cyclotronique ionique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11047.
Full textRodrigues, Juan-Miguel. "Analyse de la répartition du potentiel et des charges dans une flamme polarisée : Corrélation avec la distance d'extinction." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES055.
Full textDuring hydrocarbon combustion processes, several charged species are produced which confer electrical properties to the reaction area. In a spark ignition engine, the polarization of the central electrode induces a current called ionic current. By measuring this current it is possible to extract information on the quality of combustion in the chamber. Our study presents an elucidation of the mecchanisms of conduction in order to determine the parameters controlling the current. Having identified the positive and negative ions contained in the flame front and in the burnt gases, the current and the electric potential were measured firstly in a premixed methane/air electrically insulated flame stabilized on a burner and then in a propagating flame in a tube. Electrode parameters such as their surface or biasing voltage were studied. The results show that electrical potential is constant in the flame front and that the intensity of the current depends on the flame/cathode junction. An analytical model of the junction limiting the current is presented. A direct correlation between the current and the quenching distance was proven
Vandenbossche, Marianne. "Functionalization of geotextiles by physical methods for heavy metal ions remediation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10093/document.
Full textThe treatment of dredged sediments contaminated with trace metals is an alternative to the current storage in accredited sites and could allow the reusability of sediments in civil engineering. The remediation process considered in this project consists in the deposition of polluted sediments onto geotextiles, structures possessing filtration properties. The leaching then favors the release of metals that can be sequestered by the geotextiles. However, these textile structures are mainly composed of synthetic polymers and thus cannot retain heavy metals. Therefore, they have to be functionalized with molecules able to adsorb metal ions present in aqueous media. The main objective of this PhD thesis was to develop functionalization processes using plasma and laser techniques, in order to immobilize biomolecules with chelating properties at the surface of the fabrics. These biomolecules were immobilized by chemical coupling onto –COOH groups obtained at the fabric surface by the grafting of a spacer, namely acrylic acid. The surface of the fibers was characterized at the different grafting steps by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry: evidence of the covalent grafting of acrylic acid and then of biomolecules was given. Some remediation tests were then carried out in order to select the most interesting functionalized materials for further studies at pilot scale. In parallel, a computational study was initiated in order to determine the structure of the metal/biomolecule complexes
Lee, Charles Anton. "Etudes expérimentales d'un plasma Hélicon." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/394/.
Full textHelicon discharges produce peaked density profiles with radial density gradients creating a potential well that sets up Radially Localized Helicon (RLH) waves. This work presents new evidence that the RLH wave is the major power absorption mechanism in the plasma. We present experimentally measured density profiles in an argon helicon plasma used as input to a model which calculates the RF field structure. The actual experimental wave field structure is then compared to the model and compared to the RLH theory. Results from the experimental and model compare favorably with and are consistant with the RLH theory
Liao, Jiunn-Der. "Modifications physico-chimiques et mécaniques du polyéthylène et du polypropylène par implantation ionique, plasma micro-ondes,bombardement d'électrons et irradiation gamma." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG4202.
Full textAhmad, Ahmad. "Etude de la production d'ions négatifs sur des surfaces de carbone dans un plasma d'hydrogène sans Cs à basse pression." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4702/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with negative ions (INs) surface production for applications in controlled fusion. Negative ions (NIs) formed at the sample surface from positive ions bombardment in hydrogen plasma are collected and analyzed with energy mass spectrometer (MS). The NI energy distribution functions (NIDF) measured by the MS are different from those emitted from surface f(E, Θ) due to modifications trajectories and energies which result when NI cross plasma and MS. In order to determine the NIDF emitted by the surface f(E,Θ) using the NIDF measured by MS f''(E), we developed a model that calculates the ion trajectories between the surface and MS detector. Then from a test function f(E,Θ) it is possible to calculate f''(E) and compare it to the experimental one. The critical issue is this method is the choice of f(E, Θ). The approach used in this thesis is the neutral backscattered and sputtered distribution function calculated by SRIM software during a surface bombardment similar to the experimental conditions. The model resulting show a good agreement between experimental and calculated NIDF, and validate our calculations and the choice of SRIM.In order to compare production mechanisms and NIs yields, a comparative study on different carbons materials was performed. Measured NIDFs show the same shape at room temperature. This indicates that the mechanisms involved in the NI production and the contribution of these mechanisms in the NIDF are the same for all materials. The best NI yield at low temperature is observed on DLC surface. The highest NI yield for all temperatures is observed on Boron doped diamond (BDD) surface at 400°C
Martz, Christophe. "Spectrométrie ionique dans la magnétosphère et le vent solaire : simulation et précision des mesures coordonnées au moyen des 4 satellites de la mission Cluster." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30140.
Full textLemaire, Pascal. "Étude expérimentale du déplacement spectral de polarisation dans les plasmas denses." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112143.
Full textThe present work is an experimental study of the spectral line shift due to the presence of free electrons in the core of the emitting ions of a laser plasma. This effect, the so-called plasma polarization shift (P. P. S), is observed for the Lyman α and Lyman β transitions, in hydrogenic lithium. Both time resolved and space integrated results are presented and discussed. We study the evolution of the line profiles with the laser intensity and the plasma region considered. Numerical simulations, including plasma polarization shifts, radiative transfer effects, space of time integration over the elementary profile allow to determine the main characteristics of the profils which agree indeed with the observed ones, and lead to electron densities similar to those predicted by a hydrodynamic code
Kaeppelin, Vincent. "Caractérisation d'une source de plasma hélicon et application à l'implantation ionique par immersion plasma." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11027.
Full textBekstein, Alexandre. "Données de base des ions polyatomiques dans les gaz d'échappement : modélisation et validation expérimentale." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/596/.
Full textThese research works are devoted to the numerical and experimental determination of polyatomic ions swarm data in flue gases. Then, we used the data to simulate non-thermal discharges at atmospheric pressure and to show the role of polyatomic ions in the physics of the discharge. In this work, we calculated the transport coefficients (reduced mobility, diffusion coefficients, reaction rates, etc) of the polyatomic ions N4+, O4+ et N2O2+ in N2, O2 and dry air, and of H3O+, H5O2+ et H7O3+ in N2. The model used to determine the swarm data consists, on the one hand, on the JWKB approximation and an interaction potential and, on the other hand, on an optimised Monte Carlo code that calculates the transport coefficients from a set of collision cross sections. Moreover, by using the pulsed Townsend experiment, we measured the transport coefficients of ions and/or electrons in various gases (CO2, O2, N2/O2 et N2/O2/CO2). Then, we measured the transport coefficients of the polyatomic ion O4- in O2 and N2/O2 that we completed numerically in N2, O2 and dry air. Finally, non-thermal discharge simulations in dry air were done to determine the role of the polyatomic ions N4+, O4+ et N2O2+. Results show the great influence of these ions on the chemistry of the discharge while they affect poorly its dynamics. It is then obvious that in the frame of the application to non-pollution reactors, the polyatomic ions must be considered for their role in the chemical kinetics of the non-pollution process
Savignon, Edouard. "Modélisation et étude d'une décharge filamentaire à basse intensité et haute-pression dans l'argon." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458689.
Full textMonier, Garbet Pascale. "Amplification de rayonnement XUV dans les plasmas créés par laser : étude d'un schéma combiné d'excitation optique et collisionnelle dans les ions isoélectroniques du néon." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112090.
Full textXUV radiation emitted by laser produced plasmas may, under particular conditions, be amplified by the medium, leading to a laser effect in this short wavelength range (100 - 200 Å). This work is intended to study the feasibility of a new population inversion scheme in neon-like strontium, combining collisional excitation and quasi resonant photoexcitation by aluminium radiation at 6. 059 Å. A detailed spectroscopic analysis of the strontium plasma near 150 Å has made possible the identification of the neon-like lines which are expected to be amplified. Quasi-resonant X-ray absorption of aluminium radiation by strontium is demonstrated in a two plasmas experiment. Gain is calculated as a function of the plasma conditions and of the resonant photoexcitation rate coefficient, using a detailed collisional-radiative model, SPHINX. Population transfers due to photon and collisional processes are carefully studied. At the same time, gains computed from SPHINX in strontium and in the collisional excitation scheme alone, are compared to experimental values observed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory on the same transitions in selenium. A very good qualitative agreement is found for both transitions located at 164. 08 Å and 166. 49 Å in strontium
Lepère, Valéria. "Dynamique de photofragmentation de petits agrégats d'Argon et de molécules biologiques : nouvel outil par piégeage et corrélation vectorielle." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00106744.
Full textLe nouvel outil associe plusieurs techniques. Deux sources d'ions sont disponibles : pour la formation d'agrégats, un jet supersonique couplé à une ionisation par impact électronique (70eV) et une source « Electrospray » pour les ions d'intérêt biologique. Les ions sont ensuite stockés dans un piège électrostatique de type Zajfman permettant de refroidir rovibrationnellement le système et de mesurer sa durée de vie. L'excitation photonique est produite soit par le laser femtoseconde d'ELYSE soit un laser nanoseconde, tous deux cadencés au kHz. Les photofragments neutres et ioniques sont détectés en coïncidence par un système complexe de détection multi-particules résolu en temps et en position. Ce spectromètre m'a permis de faire une étude détaillée de la dynamique de fragmentation de différents systèmes.
Dans un premier temps, nous avons mesuré la durée de vie de l'état métastable II(1/2)u du dimère Ar2+ et déterminé sa population relative. Dans un deuxième temps, l'étude de la photofragmentation des agrégats Ar2+ et Ar3+ a permis de mettre en évidence les transitions électroniques mises en jeu lors de l'excitation. L'analyse approfondie de ces données m'a permis de proposer des mécanismes de fragmentation. Enfin, une étude préliminaire de la photofragmentation de la tryptamine protonée est présentée dans ce travail.
Leduc, Alexandre. "Etude par la simulation et l'expérimentation de la production d'ions métalliques Calcium à l'aide d'une source d'ions du type Résonance Cyclotronique Electronique." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC239.
Full textIn the framwork of the SPIRAL2 project, the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source PHOENIX V3 (upgrade of the previous source PHOENIX V2) has been developed to improve the production of highly charged ions with A/Q=3. The ion source mainly aims at the production of metal ion beams. For this, condensable atoms are sublimated into oven before being injected into the ion source. During the production of such ion beams, the major part of atoms travel towards the plasma chamber wall and remains there. Those losses lead to low global ionization efficiency (of the order of ten percent).An hybrid code PIC (Particle In Cells) was developed to study the dynamic of charged particles and to reproduce the experimental A/Q spectrum produced by the PHOENIX V3 ion source. The simulation focuses on the propagation of ions in 3D. Using several adjustable parameters, the simulation outcomes fit the charge state distribution at the exit of the ion source. This code has provided encouraging results.In parallel with the simulation study of particle dynamic in the plasma, a series of simulations have been run to reproduce the operation of an oven leading to the emission of metallic atoms. The outcomes of the simulations allow analysis of the angular distribution of the particles leaving the hot crucible. The angular distributions provided by the simulations are compared with those obtained through experimental measurements.An experimental study was also initiated to reduce the sticking time of the metal atoms on the plasma chamber. For this, a thermoregulated cylinder has been designed and realised to promote the re-evaporation of fixed paricles. It is thus possible to increase the global ionization efficiency by a factor 2 at least and to study the variation of the efficiency as a fonction of the cylinder temperature
Perez, Luna Jaime. "Modélisation et diagnostics d'un propulseur à effet Hall." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30155.
Full textOne of the greatest challenges in space exploration is to develop spacecrafts capable of covering great distances with little fuel. Electric thrusters, among which is the Hall effect thruster, are capable of this thanks to their high exhaust velocity. During my PhD, I have tried to understand the physics involved in these thrusters, by means of numerical models and accurate diagnostics. My hosting group has been working on hybrid modeling of these thrusters for about ten years. However, the electron fluid description in such models is still a challenge. One of the problems of the fluid model is the difficulty of solving the fluid equations in 2D. This first problem has been overcome by using a new algorithm. This algorithm makes it now easier to study thrusters with complex magnetic fields. The second problem concerns electron transport which is not well understood. A deep study of a fully particle model in the axial and azimuthal directions has shown that an azimuthal electric field wave, present in the thruster, enhances the electron transport. Also, I have developed a new method to extract the electric field and ionization term profiles from laser spectroscopy measurements. The comparison between these results and those obtained with our hybrid model shows the limit of the electron transport description used until now. This comparison has also shown a possible path to follow in order to correctly describe the electron transport in hybrid models for Hall effect thrusters
Annaluru, Arun Tejaswee. "Beam optics transport and fundamental processes involving a charge breeder in the upgraded SPIRAL1 facility." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC218.
Full textThe thesis describes with a great deal of details the efforts done to understand the physical processes inside the SPIRAL1 ECR charge breeder. This device accepts the mono-charged ion beams of different masses and charge bred them to higher charge states. In the framework of the SPIRAL1 upgrade, the R&D of charge breeding technique is of primary interest for optimizing the yields of radioactive ion beams (RIBs). In this context, the thesis begins with a theoretical discussion dealing with the different Target Ion Sources (TIS) at upgraded SPIRAL1 facility, Low Energy Beam Transport system and fundamentals of plasma physics relevant for the production of highly charged ions in ECR ion source plasmas. This is followed by description of the technological issues affecting the 1+/N+ charge breeding technique. In the final chapter, the effect of axial magnetic field gradient, position of deceleration tube and 1+ beam emittance were studied to understand their influence on the performance of the SP1 CB (charge breeding efficiency). The optimization of axial magnetic field gradient shows that the charge breeding efficiency is strongly influenced by the variation of the two soft iron rings positions around the permanent magnet hexapole. It has been deduced from the observations that the charge breeding efficiency improves when the emittance of 1+ beam is smaller and the position of deceleration tube is close to the entrance of SP1 CB. At the same time, the charge breeding times of K charge states (1+,2+,4+ and 9+) were estimated by pulsing the injected K^1+ beam. The results from these investigations revealed the optimum SP1 CB tuning parameters that can minimize the value of charge breeding time and maximize the charge breeding efficiency of the high charge states of K.In order to investigate the 1+ ion beam transport (shooting through mode) through the SP1 ECR charge breeder and the fundamental physical mechanisms involved in charge breeding process, several experiments were carried out in the framework of this thesis (the interaction of 1+ ion beam of different masses (Na^+ and K^+) in different background plasma species (He and O_2)). The data from these experiments (potentials, emittance of 1+ beam, deceleration tube position, magnetic field and pressures) were collected and given as inputs to the numerical simulation tools (SIMION, TraceWin and MCBC). The simulations were performed in three steps: i) simulation of the 1+ beam transmission through the breeder to verify the ion losses and showed good agreement with the experimental results. ii) simulation of 1+ beam transmission through a potential map that reflects the presence of the ECR plasma (without collisions) and reproduced the DeltaV curves of 1+ and 2+. It also revealed the role of Coulomb collisions in the charge breeding process leading to a necessary detailed analysis using Monte-Carlo Charge Breeding code (MCBC). iii) MCBC models Coulomb collisions of the injected 1+ ion beam in an ECR plasma and atomic processes which includes ionization and charge exchange. The code finally able to reproduce the low charge state (1+ and 2+) experimental trends by varying each plasma parameter (plasma density, ion temperature and electron temperature) independently. A novel simulation strategy has been developed to estimate the plasma parameters from charge breeding simulations. Finally, Simulations demonstrated that the ion temperature, the plasma density and 1+ ion beam quality as critical parameters influencing the 1+ ion capture and the reasons for the difference in charge breeding efficiencies between Na (in Helium plasma) and K (in Helium and Oxygen plasma) species were discussed
Aunai, Nicolas. "Simulation numérique de la reconnexion magnétique : mécanismes cinétiques sous-jacents à la description fluide des ions." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593457.
Full textKohen, Nicolas. "Physique et modélisation d'une source d'ions négatifs pour l'injection du faisceau de neutres sur ITER." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30035/document.
Full textThe ion source of the ITER neutral beam injectors will have to deliver a high current of negative deuterium ions which will be accelerated and neutralized, and the resulting atom beam will heat the thermonuclear plasma. A low pressure and high power cold hydrogen plasma is inductively generated in the source and negative ions are produced by volume and surface reactions and are extracted through a set of electrostatic grids. This thesis aims at modelling this plasma, and focuses on topics that haven't been studied much before : out of equilibrium neutral kinetics, gas heating and depletion, atoms production and transport, and negative ions generation on the walls. To this end, a two-dimensional fluid plasma code has been modified to simulate the neutrals kinetics with a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo module and has been used to perform self-consistent simulations of the plasma
Lhuissier, Jean-François. "Etude de raies d'argon ionisé élargies par effet Stark." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES002.
Full textLatocha, Vladimir. "Deux problèmes en transport des particules chargées intervenant dans la modélisation d'un propulseur ionique." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002194.
Full textThe modelling of the ionic thruster belonging to the SPT class raises many problems of plasma physics. We studied two of them, namely the electron transport and the computation of the electric potential. The electron transport is subject to the influence of the fields (magnetic and electric) set in the channel of the thruster on the one hand, and to the collisions of electrons with heavy species and at the walls on the oher hand. We participated to the development of a SHE model, wich is derived by performing an asymptotic analysis of the Boltzmann equation with a condition that models the reflection at the walls. This model allow to approximate the Electron Energy Distribution Function by solving a diffusion equation in the {position, energy} space, whose scales are macroscopic. More precisely, we extended an existing approach to the case where scattering against atoms are taken into account, as well as inelastic collisions at the walls. Then we compared the implementation of this model tot the results of a Monte Carlo simulation. We obtain similar results at a very reduced computational cost. This work lead to three publications, which are incorporated to the thesis. In a second stage, we studied the computation of the electric field in two dimensions. Due to the presence of a magnetic field, this problem gives rise to an anisotropic elliptic problem. Furthermore, the conductivities along the magnetic field and across the magnetic field lines can differ by several orders of magnitude. We implemented a finite volume scheme and we showed the numerical difficulties raised by such anisotropies. Hence, we improved this method by relating the solution of a highly anisotropic problem to a sequence of isotropic problems. This method proved to behabe well and we should be able to treat realistic cases shortly
Knoop, Martina. "Etude spectroscopique du doublet métastable 3D de l'ion Ca+ dans un piège de Paul en présence de collisions." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915236.
Full textDubois, David. "Etude de la chimie de la haute et basse atmosphère de Titan : approche expérimentale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV049/document.
Full textTitan is the only moon in the SolarSystem to possess its own dense and gravitationallybound atmosphere, and is even larger than planetMercury. Its rocky diameter is a mere 117 km shy ofGanymede’s. If we were to scoop up a 1 cm3 sam-ple from Titan’s upper atmosphere, we would findtwo dominant molecules: molecular nitrogen N2 andmethane CH4. Should we look a bit more carefully,we would find many neutral molecules and positiveand negative ion compounds. These chemical speciesare the outcome of processes resulting from ener-getic radiation reaching Titan’s upper atmosphere,breaking apart the initial N2 and CH4. A cascadeof subsequent reactions will trigger the formationof new gas phase products more and more com-plex. Eventually, these products mainly contain-ing hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen will form largefractal aggregates composing the opaque haze en-shrouding the surface of Titan. This haze is whatgives Titan such a unique brownish hue. Most ofthe photochemically-produced volatiles will eventu-ally condense in the lower atmosphere, where theymay aggregate to form micrometer-sized icy parti-cles and clouds. During my PhD, I have focusedmy studies on (i) the gas phase reactivity of aerosolprecursors in experimental conditions analogous toTitan’s upper atmosphere (Chapters 3 & 4), and (ii)the end of life of some of the products as they con-dense in the lower and colder atmosphere (Chapter5). I used two experiments to address these respec-tive issues: the PAMPRE plasma reactor, located atLATMOS, UVSQ, Guyancourt, France, and the Ac-quabella chamber at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA.In this manuscript, I present my work on the neutraland positive ion reactivity in the PAMPRE plasmadischarge, as well as ice photochemistry results usinglaser irradiation in near-UV wavelengths
Hällsten, Ulf. "Studies of physical processes generated by energetic ions in dense target gases /." Åbo (Finlande) : Åbo akademi, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39298369j.
Full textGerst, Jan Dennis. "Investigation of magnetized radio frequency plasma sources for electric space propulsion." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977801.
Full textMartin, Pierre. "Studies of interactions between ions in ionics liquids electrolytes by nuclear magnetic resonance." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2044/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the study of electrolytes for energy storage devices such as lithium ion batteries. The specific materials are pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid electrolytes with bis-fluorosulfonylimide (FSI) as the counter anion, and also containing lithium.The main experimental method of characterization is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which can be used to probe structure, dynamics and spatial arrangements between anions and cations. NMR-based diffusion measurements or spin lattice relaxation experiments, using 1H for cations, 19F for anions and 7Li, are used to study the ionic transport in the liquid and the molecular tumbling of the different ions respectively.However, in order to attempt to better understand the ion transport mechanism at the molecular level in these ionic liquids, the HOESY (Heteronuclear Overhauser Effect SpectroscopY) experiment is used. This technique is based on a transfer of magnetization through space between two different nuclear isotopes. As this transfer is generally mediated by short-range interactions, it provides information on which species are close together in the liquid.A large part of this work is based on the development of the HOESY technique itself, both improving the implementation of the NMR pulse sequence to reduce the experimental time, but also improving ways to analyze the resulting data in a quantitative way and developing an automatic and systematic data fitting procedure. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and NMR relaxation measurements are also used to assist the HOESY analysis, allowing correlations with distances between nuclei and motional parameters such as correlation times to be established, which will lead to a better understanding of the ion interactions. In addition to this technique development, others ionic liquids including longer alkyl, longer cycle or even an ether-o-alkyl group on the alkyl chain, are studied by HOESY in order to observe the impact of the cation structure on the ionic interactions. Another complementary technique, dynamic nuclear polarization, is also used in order to study the ionic liquid in the glassy state structure which mimics the liquid state
Renaud, Justine. "Application des faisceaux d'ions focalisés à la création de centres NV du diamant. Caractérisation de ces faisceaux d'ions issus d'une source plasma." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN027.
Full textFor more than 45 years, focused ion beams FIB columns based on liquid metal ion sources (Ga) have been used for the development, modification or analysis of nanostructures. Much more recently, less than 10 years ago, plasma sources are integrated in FIBs to meet the needs of failure analysis as well as sample preparation. This plasma FIB market has grown strongly in recent years and is accompanied by a permanent improvement of the specifications of this young technology. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize these sources in order to improve the associated optics. In this thesis, we present the development of a new FIB column working with a plasma ion source, dedicated to the creation of NV centers, as well as the development of a system dedicated to the characterization of the performances of this source.Given the context of this work, the first part of the manuscript is dedicated to the presentation of FIB technology, its operation and its applications. In the second chapter, we present the development of a FIB column dedicated to the implantation of nitrogen ions for the controlled creation of NV color centers in diamonds. We begin by introducing the unique properties of NV centers as well as the usual methods for their creation. Then we present the different steps of the characterization of this FIB column. The implantations carried out during this work have been used for the development of a new application of doped diamonds.In the last chapter of the thesis, we are interested in designing a test bench to obtain the key parameters of the ion source, namely energy dispersion and emittance. The usual methods for measuring these parameters are presented and the operation of the test bench is fully described. Then we then present the measurements made with beams of xenon ions and oxygen ions. Some parameters of the plasma ion source have thus been obtained
Tole, Philip. "Ab initio studies of polarisabilities of ions in crystals." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236521.
Full textComini, Pauline. "Étude de la formation d'antihydrogène neutre et ionisé dans les collisions antiproton-positronium." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066639/document.
Full textThe future CERN experiment called GBAR intends to measure the gravitational acceleration of antimatter on Earth using cold (neV) antihydrogen atoms undergoing a free fall. The experiment scheme first needs to cool antihydrogen positive ions, obtained thanks to two consecutive reactions occurring when an antiproton beam collides with a dense positronium cloud.The present thesis studies these two reactions in order to optimise the production of the anti-ions. The total cross sections of both reactions have been computed in the framework of a perturbation theory model (Continuum Distorted Wave – Final State), in the range 0 to 30 keV antiproton kinetic energy; several excited states of positronium have been investigated. These cross sections have then been integrated to a simulation of the interaction zone where antiprotons collide with positronium; the aim is to find the optimal experimental parameters for GBAR. The results suggest that the 2P, 3D or, to a lower extend, 1S states of positronium should be used, respectively with 2, less than 1 or 6 keV antiprotons. The importance of using short pulses of antiprotons has been underlined; the positronium will have to be confined in a tube of 20 mm length and 1 mm diameter.In the prospect of exciting the 1S-3D two-photon transition in positronium at 410 nm, a pulsed laser system had already been designed. It consists in the frequency doubling of an 820 nm pulsed titanium-sapphire laser. The last part of the thesis has been dedicated to the realisation of this laser system, which delivers short pulses (9 ns) of 4 mJ energy at 820 nm
Achkasov, Kostiantyn. "Study of negative ion surface production in cesium-free H2 and D2 plasmas : application to neutral beam injectors for ITER and DEMO." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4770.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to find solutions to produce high yields of H–/D– negative ions (NI) on surfaces in Cs-free H2/D2 plasmas for thermonuclear fusion applications. Modeling of the negative-ion energy distribution functions (NIEDF) has shown remarkable agreement with experiment for carbon materials. The reconstruction method developed in the course of this thesis has allowed to determine the distribution in energy and angle of NI emitted from the surface. The reconstruction method can be applied to any type of surface and/or NI. A study was performed on a large variety of materials: different types of graphite, diamond films and metals. The influence of surface temperature, bias and plasma exposure time on NI yield was investigated. The method of pulsed bias was developed to enable the study of NI production on surfaces of insulating materials such as microcrystalline non-doped diamond (MCD). The use of ex situ surface diagnostics such as temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and Raman spectroscopy has allowed to characterize the surface state of carbon materials. Basing on the performed studies, we demonstrated that to optimize the NI yield on diamond one has to work with a less degraded surface. This can be obtained rising the surface temperature to 400°C–500°C which allows restoring intrinsic properties of diamond. The less degraded surface state can also be obtained by applying the pulsed bias which gives the possibility to increase the H2/D2 surface coverage and diminish the defects induced by plasma exposure
Duval, B. P. "Spectroscopic studies of highly ionised atoms : A study of transitions from impurity ions in a neutral beam heated tokamak." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375254.
Full textTenerani, Anna. "Dynamics of ion-scale coherent magnetic structures and coupling with whistler waves during substorms." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066473.
Full textA new model of the self-consistent coupling between low frequency, ion-scale coherent magnetic structures and high frequency whistler waves is proposed in order to interpret space data gathered by Cluster satellites during substorm events, in the night sector of the Earth’s magnetosphere. The coupling provides a mechanism to spatially confine and transport whistler waves by means of a highly oblique, propagating nonlinear carrier wave. The present study relies on a combination of data analysis of original in situ measurements, theoretical modeling and numerical investigation. During substorms, the magnetosphere undergoes strong magnetic and electric field fluctuations ranging from low frequencies, of the order or less than the typical ion-time scales, to higher frequencies, of the order or higher than the typical electron time-scales. To understand basic plasma physical processes which characterize the magnetosphere dynamics during substorms an analysis of whether, and by which mechanism, waves occurring at these different time scales are coupled, is of fundamental interest. Low frequency magnetic structures are commonly detected in environments such as the magnetosheath and the solar wind, as well as in the dusk magnetosphere, possibly correlated with higher frequency whistler waves. In this Thesis it is shown that similar magnetic structures, correlated with whistler waves, are observed in the magnetospheric plasma sheet during substorms. The interesting question arises as to how the inhomogeneity associated with such magnetic structures affects the propagation of higher frequency waves. The Cluster mission, thanks to its four satellites in tetrahedron configuration and high temporal resolution measurements, provides a unique opportunity on the one hand to explore the spatial structure of stationary and propagating perturbations observed at low frequencies and on the other hand to study dynamics occurring at higher temporal scales, via whistler mode waves. With regard to this, I will describe the Cluster spacecraft detection of large amplitude whistler wave packets inside coherent ion-scale magnetic structures embedded in a fast plasma flow during the August 17th 2003 substorm event. In this period the Cluster satellites were located in the plasma sheet region and separated by a distance which is less than the magnetotail typical ion-scale lengths, namely the ion gyroradius and the ion inertial length. The observed whistler emissions are correlated with magnetic field structures showing magnetic depletions associated with density humps. As a first step, the latter have been modeled as one dimensional nonlinear slow waves which spatially confine and transport whistlers, in the framework of a two-fluid approximation. This schematic model is investigated through a theoretical and numerical study by means of a two-fluid code, and it is shown that the proposed model goes quite well with data interpretation. Its possible role in substorm dynamics is also discussed. This new trapping mechanism, studied here by using a highly oblique slow magnetosonic soliton as a guide for whistler waves, is of more general interest beyond the specific context of the observations reported in this Thesis. Other nonlinear structures showing similar features, for example highly oblique nonlinear Alfvén waves or kinetic Alfvén waves in high beta plasmas, can in principle act as wave carriers. The model proposed provides an explanation for the recurrent detection of whistlers inside ion-scale magnetic structures which is alternative to usual models of stationary magnetic structures acting as channels. Moreover, the study described in this Thesis addresses more general questions of basic plasma physics, such as wave propagation in inhomogeneous plasmas and the interaction between wave modes at different temporal scales
Arab, Zeinab. "Plasma based ion implantation and plasma hydrogenation of silicon for photovoltaics : influence on the electrical properties." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2263.
Full textCe rapport présente l'histoire et le statut du développement de l'industrie photovoltaïque aujourd'hui et dans l'avenir. Le matériel de base dans ce domaine est le silicium cristallin. Bien que c-Si ne soit pas le meilleur choix du point de vue de la physique d'état solide il domine encore le marché. Une partie importante de cette étude est consacrée à l'amélioration de la qualité du c-Si via la passivation par hydrogénation et l'implantation ionique par immersion plasma (PIII). Des expériences ont été effectuées afin de comparer le PIII avec la méthode conventionnelle d'implantation (implantation en ligne). Pour les expériences de PIII, les substrats utilisés étaient du silicium mono cristallin de type p d'orientation (100) avec une épaisseur d'environ 700 µm, une résistivité estimée entre 5 et 10 Ωcm et une concentration de dopant de 1015 cm-3, alors que pour les expériences d'hydrogénation nous avons utilisé des plaquettes de silicium multi cristallin de type p fabriquées par Photowat d'une épaisseur d’environ 300 µm, une résistivité de 1 à 2 Ωcm et une concentration de dopant de 1016 cm-3. L'implantation a été réalisée sous une pression de 2 Pa avec le débit d'hydrogène réglé à 20 sccm. Ensuite, le plasma a été crée à l'aide d'une puissance incidente de 700 W avec des impulsions de 20 kV d'une durée de 10 µs et une fréquence de 200 Hz. Différentes doses de 1015 à 2×1017 at. H/cm2 d'hydrogène ont été appliquées aux échantillons. Dans le cas de l'hydrogénation, la création du plasma est identique à celle du PIII mais avec différentes température (300°C-800°C) et pressions (2-12 Pa). Les résultats de la microscopie électronique en transmission révèlent la formation de différents types de défauts. Pour les doses assez base de 1015 à 1016 at. H/cm2 les modifications sont principalement des « platelets », des boucles de dislocations et des défauts interstitiels. Les doses plus élevées (1016 à 1017 at. H/cm2) permettent la formation des « platelets » d'orientation (100) ainsi que (111) et augmentent le nombre de dislocations et de microcavités qui favorisent la formation des claques (blistering et exfoliation). Cependant, les résultats de TEM ne montrent pas les importantes modifications microstructurales après hydrogénation. Les mesures de NRA ont été réalisées pour déterminer le profil d'hydrogène dans les échantillons implantés ainsi que dans les échantillons hydrogénés. La concentration d'hydrogène augmente avec l'augmentation de la dose d'implantation et peut acquérir jusqu'au 25 at. % (dose = 2×1017 at. H/cm2). Les mesures de NRA montrent que pour les échantillons hydrogénés à des températures relativement élevés la concentration d'hydrogène est faible. La concentration maximale d'hydrogène a été obtenue à partir d'un échantillon hydrogéné à 400°C-2 heures. La méthode de mesure de la durée de vie de Sinton a été utilisée lors de cette étude pour déterminer la durée de vie des porteurs dans le silicium multi cristallin. La passivation via hydrogénation est encore plus efficace à de basses températures (inférieur à 600°C) car sous les températures élevées l'exo-diffusion d'hydrogène sera plus prononcée et va influencer l'effet d'hydrogénation
Roubin, Jean-Pierre. "Étude de l'injection d'atomes neutres rapides dans le tokamak T. F. R." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112194.
Full textDuring neutral beam injection experiments on TFR, the increase of the plasma temperature appears to be weak and is saturating at high power. This observation leads to question the classical scheme of power coupling to thethermal plasma and tocheck experimentally its successive stepsheck experimentally its successive steps. First of all, the neutral beam transmission and capture in the plasma, measured by calorimetric methods, are in agreement with the classical calculations. Next the confinement and thermalization of the fast ions is reviewed by means of three different measurements:- charge exchange analysis of fast neutrals leaving the plasma (an auxiliary modulated neutral beam gives a spatially resolved measurement)- neutron flux analysis during injection of deuterium ions into a deuterium plasma- measurement of the fast ions trapped in the toroidal magnetic field ripples. These experiments show that a non-classical mechanism transports the most energetic ions towards the plasma periphery. This phenomenon then limits the overall power that can be effectively absorbed in the plasma centre and contributes to deteriorate the energy confinement. Finally, the respective role of thermal and non-thermal populations in the power balance is addressed
DUVET, LUDOVIC. "Instrumentation pour l'etude in-situ des atmospheres neutres et ionises planetaires et cometaires : idm (ion dynamics monitor) et cops (comet pressure sensor)." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066296.
Full textSANTOS, JACINETE L. dos. "Trocadores ionicos inorganicos a base de manganes e potassio para recuperacao e remocao de metais poluentes de efluentes aquosos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10956.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FAPESP:97/07964-0
Hérault, Joël. "Etude experimentale du ralentissement d'ions lourds de 20 a 100 mev par nucleon dans la matiere." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30075.
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