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Journal articles on the topic 'Ions ionisés'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Stankevič, Jolita, Aistė Audickaitė, Simona Šilovė, Valdas Šimčikas, Henrikas Cesiulis, Grita Skujienė, Virginija Bukelskienė, Violeta Žalgevičienė, and Janina Tutkuvienė. "EFFECT OF IONISED (ELECTROLYSED) WATER ON THE RAT EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 28, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2020.11831.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects ionised water has on embryonic development using Wistar rat animal model. For that purpose, alkaline and acidic water was prepared with a domestic water ioniser. It was found that the concentrations of Cl–, SO42– ions increased in acidic water, while in alkaline water, Ca2+ concentration decreased and halogenated hydrocarbon concentrations exceeded permitted levels. The animals were given test alkaline and acidic water, as well as tap water as control. After three months, female rats were mated. On the 21st day of gestation, they were euthanized and subjected to Caesarean sections; the number of live and dead fetuses was recorded. The fetuses were examined for external or visceral malformations and skeletal abnormalities. The data showed that embryo death was higher in acidic and alkaline experimental groups in comparison to the control group. The fetuses in both test groups were significantly shorter than in the control group. Long bones of fetal hind and front limbs were shorter in the acidic group in comparison to the control group. Retardation of limb osteogenesis was expressed in the acidic group fetuses. Therefore, in our model, ionised water had a negative effect on the embryonic development.

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2

Colburn, AW, Peter J. Derrick, and Richard D. Bowen. "Peter J Derrick and the Grand Scale ‘Magnificent Mass Machine’ mass spectrometer at Warwick." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 23, no. 6 (November 29, 2017): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469066717737643.

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The value of the Grand Scale ‘Magnificent Mass Machine’ mass spectrometer in investigating the reactivity of ions in the gas phase is illustrated by a brief analysis of previously unpublished work on metastable ionised n-pentyl methyl ether, which loses predominantly methanol and an ethyl radical, with very minor contributions for elimination of ethane and water. Expulsion of an ethyl radical is interpreted in terms of isomerisation to ionised 3-pentyl methyl ether, via distonic ions and, possibly, an ion-neutral complex comprising ionised ethylcyclopropane and methanol. This explanation is consistent with the closely similar behaviour of the labelled analogues, C3H7CH2CD2OCH3+. and C3H7CD2CH2OCH3+., and is supported by the greater kinetic energy release associated with loss of ethane from ionised n-propyl methyl ether compared to that starting from directly generated ionised 3-pentyl methyl ether.

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3

Ratner, Mark A., and D. F. Shriver. "Polymer Ionics." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 9 (September 1989): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400061728.

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The preparation, utilization, and understanding of high polymers represents one of the great triumphs of chemistry and materials science in the 20th century. Synthetic polymers have traditionally been used as structural materials and electrical insulators. Biopolymers often exhibit interesting electrical response phenomena. A recent article in the MRS BULLETIN, for example, discussed piezoelectric properties of both synthetic and biopolymer systems. The newer, synthetic electroactive polymeric materials, however, represent one of the most exciting current areas of polymer materials science.Many synthetic ionic polymer materials are known; perhaps the first were the polyelectrolytes and crosslinked ion exchange materials. These are materials whose backbone contains charges of one sign, balanced by small counter ions of the opposite sign. Such polyelectrolytes have found very important applications in analytical chemistry, water purification, and chemical processing.Complexes, in which salts are dissolved in neutral polymer hosts, have until recently received less attention. The area of polymer/salt complexes became extremely active following the work of P.V. Wright, who first clearly showed that polyethylene oxide (PEO) is an excellent polymer host for a number of salts, and that the resulting solid polymer/salt complexes are electrical conductors. M. Armand broadened the investigation of electrical properties of polymer/salt complexes and pointed out that these materials might be useful in electrochemical devices, especially batteries.This article will discuss the formation, properties, behavior, and applications of polymer electrolytes and mixed conductors—that is, polymeric materials in which charge is transported either by ions or by ionic and electronic charge motion. Our concentration will be on solvent-free materials—materials in which no small molecule solvents are present. There is substantial interest, and substantial progress, in the area of solvent-swollen polymer electrolytes.

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4

McClelland, A. F., C. W. P. Palmer, E. C. Finch, and J. D. Silver. "Laser resonance studies in highly ionised recoil ions." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 9, no. 4 (July 1985): 710–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(85)90398-2.

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5

Saha, B., A. K. Das, and P. K. Mukherjee. "Radiative transitions in highly ionised silicon-like ions." European Physical Journal D 14, no. 1 (April 2001): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100530170231.

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6

Jumadilov, T. K., B. Totkhuskyzy, L. K. Yskak, and J. V. Gražulevicius. "EXTRACTION OF YTTRIUM IONS BY INTERPOLYMER SYSTEMS BASED ON INDUSTRIAL IONITES." Chemical Journal of Kazakhstan 73, no. 1 (March 14, 2021): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51580/2021-1/2710-1185.14.

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The extraction of yttrium ions by interpolymer systems based on industrial ionites: KU 2-8 cationite and AB-17 anionite was studied. The dependences of the yttrium content in the aqueous medium after sorption by the interpolymer system were studied KU 2-8:AB17-8 depending on the time, the degree of binding of the polymer chain (with respect to yttrium ions) by the initial ionites and interpolymer systems KU 2-8: AB-17-8. The maximum content of yttrium ions in the aqueous medium after sorption is observed at ratios of 3:3 and 4: 2 and the duration of remote interaction is 88 hours. At the same time, the content of yttrium in the aqueous medium after sorption is 60 mol.% and 56.4 mol.%, respectively. High values of the degree of binding of the polymer chain with respect to yttrium are observed at the ratios KU 2-8: AB-17-8=3:3

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7

Das, Soumitra, Pramod Sharma, Purav M. Badani, and Rajesh K. Vatsa. "Ionisation of methyl iodide clusters using nanosecond laser pulses: detection of multiply charged positive ions, negative ions and energetic electrons." RSC Advances 5, no. 12 (2015): 8887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14556a.

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Methyl iodide clusters have been ionised using laser pulses of intensity ∼10⁹ W cm⁻² at 266, 355, 532 and 1064 nm and the ions produced in the laser–cluster interaction were analysed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

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8

Kononova, O. N., N. G. Goryaeva, and Yu S. Kononov. "The sorption of thiocyanate ions on complex-forming ionites." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 85, no. 6 (May 13, 2011): 1041–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024411060197.

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9

Peter, S., and M. S. Selvakumar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Phthalic Acid Complexes with Biologically Active Metal Ions." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 1, no. 2 (June 19, 2003): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.2.2.

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Animal and plants contain carboxylic acids, which are involved in their metabolic reactions. It is also well known that metal ions are involved in their metabolic reactions. So far the complexation of carboxylate ions with metal ions has been extensively studied. Since neutral or acidic medium is existing in most of the biological reactions in animals and plants it is interesting to study the complexation of organic carboxylic acids in neutral medium with biologically active metal ions such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. Complexes of phthalic acid were prepared in neutral medium and were characterized. In such complexes the carboxylic acid group is not ionised and carbonyloxygen of the carboxylic acids are coordinated to the metal ions. However the microbial study is not the scope of this work.

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10

Selvakumar, M. S., and S. R. Bheeter. "Synthesis and Characterization of Benzoic Acid Complexes with Biologically Active Metal Ions." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 4, no. 1 (August 17, 2005): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.6.15.

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Animal and plants contain carboxylic acids, which are involved in their metabolic reactions. It is also well known that metal ions are involved in their metabolic reactions. So far the complexation of carboxylate ions with metal ions has been extensively studied. Since neutral or acidic medium is existing in most of the biological reactions in animals and plants it is interested to study the complexation of organic carboxylic acids in neutral medium with biologically active metal ions such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. Complexes of benzoic acid were prepared in neutral medium and were characterised. In such complexes the carboxylic acid group is not ionised and carbonyl oxygen of the carboxylic acids are coordinated to the metal ions. However the microbial study is not the scope of this work.

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11

Vaeck, Nathalie, and Jørgen E. Hansen. "Auger decay of slow highly-ionised ions neutralised at surfaces." Surface Science 269-270 (May 1992): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(92)91316-4.

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12

Heinäsmäki, Sami. "IONIS: Approximate atomic photoionization intensities." Computer Physics Communications 183, no. 2 (February 2012): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2011.09.011.

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13

Verma, Updesh, and A. K. Sharma. "Laser focusing and multiple ionization of Ar in a hydrogen plasma channel created by a pre-pulse." Laser and Particle Beams 29, no. 2 (April 6, 2011): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034611000188.

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AbstractA model for plasma channel formation by a laser pre-pulse in a low Z gas (Hydrogen) embedded with high Z atoms (Ar) is developed. The laser of intensity I ≅ 1014 W/cm2 ionizes hydrogen atoms fully whereas Ar atoms are ionized only singly. After the first pulse is gone, plasma expands on the time scale of a nanosecond to produce a hydrogen plasma channel with minimum density on the axis. A second intense short pulse laser of intensity I ≥ 1016 W/cm2 gets focused. It tunnel ionizes the remaining Ar. The Ar acquires Ar8+ charge state after loosing 8 ions and acquires Ne like configuration and could emit X-rays.

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14

Wright, Andrew D., and Richard D. Bowen. "Investigation of the mechanism of alkyl radical elimination from ionised pentenyl methyl and hexenyl methyl ethers by analysis of the collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of C4H7O+ and C5H9O+ ions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 7 (July 1, 1993): 1073–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-143.

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Collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra are reported for C4H7O+ and C5H9O+ ions generated by loss of an alkyl radical from 11 isomers of C5H9OCH3+• and 8 isomers of C6H11OCH3+• produced by ionisation of alkenyl methyl ethers derived from stable alkenols. The oxonium product ions have acyclic structures (CH=CHCH=O+CH3 for C4H7O+; CH2=CH(CH3)C=O+CH3, CH3CH=CHCH=O+CH3, or CH2=(CH3)CCH=O+CH3 in the case of C5H9O+). Elimination of a methyl radical does not always occur by simple α-cleavage. Expulsion of an alkyl substituent attached to a carbon atom at either end of the C=C double bond also takes place readily; this process sometimes competes with or pre-empts α-cleavage, as is shown by 2H-labelling experiments. Plausible mechanisms for this σ′-cleavage are considered. A route involving a 1,2-H shift to the radical centre of a distonic ion, followed by γ-cleavage of the resultant ionised enol ether, is shown to provide the most accurate unifying description of this unusual fragmentation. The mechanistic significance of this interpretation of the σ′-cleavage is discussed by analysing the reverse reaction (addition of an alkyl radical to a methyl cationated enal) in frontier molecular orbital terms. A comparison is made between the mechanisms by which an alkyl radical is lost from ionised alkenyl methyl ethers by σ′-cleavage and the parallel process starting from ionised carboxylic acids or isomeric distonic ions derived from these CnH2n+1CO2H+• species. Both classes of fragmentation are best understood to occur via γ-cleavage of a distonic ion of general structure R1CH2CH•C+(X)OR2 (R1 = alkyl; X = OH, R2 = H; or X = H, R2 = CH3), thus yielding (R′)• and CH2 = CHC+(X)OR2.

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15

Maquestiau, A., R. Flammang, P. Meyrant, H. E. Audier, and A. Milliet. "Structures Des Ions [M-CH3]+ Provenant de la Fragmentation de la 2-Heptanone Ionisée." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 92, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19830920903.

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16

Karapanayiotis, Thanasis, and Richard D. Bowen. "Differentiation of Ionised Benzimidazole from its Isomeric α-Distonic Ion by Collision-Induced Dissociation and Neutralisation—Reionisation Mass Spectrometry." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 11, no. 4 (August 2005): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.775.

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Ionised benzimidazole and its isomeric α-distonic ion (or ionised ylid) have been examined by recording their metastable ion, collision-induced dissociation and neutralisation–reionisation mass spectra. These tautomers may be distinguished by careful consideration of key features of the collision-induced dissociation spectra, with or without prior neutralisation and reionisation. Formation of doubly-charged ions by charge stripping occurs preferentially when the α-distonic ion is subjected to collision. This α-distonic ion survives neutralisation and reionisation, thus establishing that the corresponding ylid is stable on the microsecond time frame. The effects of benzannulation on the ease of differentiation of classical and distonic radical cations derived from biologically important heterocycles are considered.

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17

Mason, Helen E. "Spectroscopic Diagnostics for Ions Observed in Solar and Cosmic Plasmas." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 115 (1990): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100012057.

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AbstractThe X-ray wavelength region (1-200Å) is rich in spectral lines from highly ionised systems. Spectra from the solar atmosphere have been studied extensively with various instruments covering different wavelength regions. In this paper, we discuss the solar spectral line emission with particular reference to iron ions and helium like ions observed during solar flares. The atomic processes involved in the calculation of theoretical intensities for low density plasmas are outlined together with the diagnostic properties of the emission lines. Comparisons are made with available cosmic X-ray spectra and predicted spectra for future projects, such as AXAF.

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18

Ryan Cross. "Ionis will acquire former subsidiary Akcea." C&EN Global Enterprise 98, no. 34 (September 7, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09834-buscon15.

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19

de Petris, Giulia, Antonella Cartoni, Marzio Rosi, Anna Troiani, Giancarlo Angelini, and Ornella Ursini. "Isotope Exchange in Ionised CO2/COMixtures: The Role of Asymmetrical C2O3+ Ions." Chemistry - A European Journal 10, no. 24 (December 17, 2004): 6411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.200400483.

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20

Moriya, Makoto, Hiro Kitaguchi, Eiji Nishibori, Hiroshi Sawa, Wataru Sakamoto, and Toshinobu Yogo. "Molecular Ionics in Supramolecular Assemblies with Channel Structures Containing Lithium Ions." Chemistry - A European Journal 18, no. 48 (November 5, 2012): 15305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201202056.

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21

Karapanayiotis, Thanasis, Georgina Dimopoulos-Italiano, Richard D. Bowen, and Johan K. Terlouw. "Reactions of ionised pyridazine, aminopyrazine and aminopyridine and their isomeric α-distonic ions." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 236, no. 1-3 (August 2004): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2004.04.017.

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22

Cristofoli, Mignon, Chin-Ping Kung, Jonathan Hadgraft, Majella E. Lane, and Bruno C. Sil. "Ion Pairs for Transdermal and Dermal Drug Delivery: A Review." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060909.

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Ion pairing is a strategy used to increase the permeation of topically applied ionised drugs. Formation occurs when the electrostatic energy of attraction between oppositely charged ions exceeds their mean thermal energy, making it possible for them to draw together and attain a critical distance. These ions then behave as a neutral species, allowing them to partition more readily into a lipid environment. Partition coefficient studies may be used to determine the potential of ions to pair and partition into an organic phase but cannot be relied upon to predict flux. Early researchers indicated that temperature, size of ions and dielectric constant of the solvent system all contributed to the formation of ion pairs. While size is important, this may be outweighed by improved lipophilicity of the counter ion due to increased length of the carbon chain. Organic counter ions are more effective than inorganic moieties in forming ion pairs. In addition to being used to increase permeation, ion pairs have been used to control and even prevent permeation of the active ingredient. They have also been used to stabilise solid lipid nanoparticle formulations. Ion pairs have been used in conjunction with permeation enhancers, and permeation enhancers have been used as counter ions in ion pairing. This review attempts to show the various ways in which ion pairs have been used in drug delivery via the skin. It also endeavours to extract and consolidate common approaches in order to inform future formulations for topical and transdermal delivery.

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23

Donnelly, IJ, and EK Rose. "Ion Densities in Low Temperature Nitrogen Plasmas." Australian Journal of Physics 43, no. 1 (1990): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph900045.

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A cross-section library for the electron ionisation of hydrogen and nitrogen molecules, atoms and ions has been assembled and used for the derivation of reaction rate coefficients assuming a Maxwellian distribution of electron energies. For fixed electron temperatures, the steady-state and time-dependent ionisation of nitrogen molecules have been calculated for conditions relevant to glow discharge plasmas in which the dominant recombination mechanism occurs via the plasma-wall interaction. The analysis shows that there is a threshold electron temperature below which there is no steady-state ionisation. For a small range of temperatures above this threshold there are two possible ionisation states, but at higher temperatures only the more highly ionised state persists. The dependence of the ratio of N+ to N~ ions on filling pressure, confinement time and electron density is also discussed.

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24

Hegele, Robert A., and Sotirios Tsimikas. "Lipid-Lowering Agents." Circulation Research 124, no. 3 (February 2019): 386–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.118.313171.

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Several new or emerging drugs for dyslipidemia owe their existence, in part, to human genetic evidence, such as observations in families with rare genetic disorders or in Mendelian randomization studies. Much effort has been directed to agents that reduce LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, triglyceride, and Lp[a] (lipoprotein[a]), with some sustained programs on agents to raise HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. Lomitapide, mipomersen, AAV8.TBG.hLDLR, inclisiran, bempedoic acid, and gemcabene primarily target LDL cholesterol. Alipogene tiparvovec, pradigastat, and volanesorsen primarily target elevated triglycerides, whereas evinacumab and IONIS-ANGPTL3-L Rx target both LDL cholesterol and triglyceride. IONIS-APO(a)-L Rx targets Lp(a).

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25

Franchoo, S. "Low-energy experiments at the S3 spectromet." Nuclear Science and Technology 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v9i2.50.

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With the advent of the Spiral-2 linear accelerator and the associated S3 spectrometer at the Ganil laboratory in France, new realms of intermediate-mass N=Z and very heavy nuclei will soon become available for research in nuclear structure. After their production and selection in the spectrometer, the ions of interest will be stopped in a buffer gas, neutralised, resonantly re-ionised, cooled and bunched. This will bring us in an adequate position to perform laser spectroscopy, mass measurements and decay spectroscopy of their ground and isomeric states. In this contribution we report on the ongoing commissioning of the detector set-up.

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26

Wielińska, Justyna, Andrzej Nowacki, and Beata Liberek. "5-Fluorouracil—Complete Insight into Its Neutral and Ionised Forms." Molecules 24, no. 20 (October 13, 2019): 3683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203683.

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5-Fluorouracil (5FU), a common anti-cancer drug, occurs in four tautomeric forms and possesses two potential sites of both protonation and deprotonation. Tautomeric and resonance structures of the ionized forms of 5FU create the systems of connected equilibriums. Since there are contradictory reports on the ionized forms of 5FU in the literature, complex theoretical studies on neutral, protonated and deprotonated forms of 5FU, based on the broad spectrum of DFT methods, are presented. These indicate that the O4 oxygen is more willingly protonated than the O2 oxygen and the N1 nitrogen is more willingly deprotonated than the N3 nitrogen in a gas phase. Such preferences are due to advantageous charge delocalization of the respective ions, which is demonstrated by the NBO and ESP analyses. In an aqueous phase, stability differences between respective protonated and deprotonated forms of 5FU are significantly diminished due to the competition between the mesomeric effect and solvation. The calculated pKa values of the protonated, neutral and singly deprotonated 5FU indicate that 5FU does not exist in the protonated and double-deprotonated forms in the pH range of 0–14. The neutral form dominates below pH 8 and the N1 deprotonated form dominates above pH 8.

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27

Hall, C. M. "<i>Letter to the Editor</i>An analogy to the Reynolds number for the neutral gas component of a weak plasma." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2001): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-131-2001.

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Abstract. The Reynolds number Re is used as a metric to assess whether or not a flow may contain turbulence. In a weakly ionised gas with an external electric field imposed, ions exert a drag on the neutral particles. Thus, a component of the neutral motion is attributable to the ion-drag. An analogy to Re has been proposed in which the ion-drag-induced velocity contribution to the neutral motion is used. This analogy thus represents the destabilising effect of the electric field on the neutral dynamics. Here quantisation of this proposed metric is investigated.Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (turbulence) – Ionosphere (ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; electric fields and currents)

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28

Flörs, A., J. Spyromilio, K. Maguire, S. Taubenberger, W. E. Kerzendorf, and S. Dhawan. "Limits on stable iron in Type Ia supernovae from near-infrared spectroscopy." Astronomy & Astrophysics 620 (December 2018): A200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833512.

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We obtained optical and near infrared spectra of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at epochs ranging from 224 to 496 days after the explosion. The spectra show emission lines from forbidden transitions of singly ionised iron and cobalt atoms. We used non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) modelling of the first and second ionisation stages of iron, nickel, and cobalt to fit the spectra using a sampling algorithm allowing us to probe a broad parameter space. We derive velocity shifts, line widths, and abundance ratios for iron and cobalt. The measured line widths and velocity shifts of the singly ionised ions suggest a shared emitting region. Our data are fully compatible with radioactive 56Ni decay as the origin for cobalt and iron. We compare the measured abundance ratios of iron and cobalt to theoretical predictions of various SN Ia explosion models. These models include, in addition to 56Ni, different amounts of 57Ni and stable 54,56Fe. We can exclude models that produced only 54,56Fe or only 57Ni in addition to 56Ni. If we consider a model that has 56Ni, 57Ni, and 54,56Fe then our data imply that these ratios are 54,56Fe / 56Ni = 0.272 ± 0.086 and 57Ni / 56Ni = 0.032 ± 0.011.

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29

S., V. "To the characteristics of streptococcus scarlet fever. I. M. Velikanova and G. Ya. Ionis (J. Exp. Biol., 1926, No. 6)." Kazan medical journal 22, no. 7 (September 4, 2021): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj79527.

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According to the observations of IM Velikanov and G. Ya. Ionis (J. Exp. Biol., 1926, No. 6) death from scarlet fever is not associated with the presence in the blood of the deceased necessarily homolytic streptococcus.

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30

Yergozhin, Yedil, B. Taussarova, R. Ashkeyeva, and L. Tugelbayeva. "Investigation of complexing ability of ionites with various groups to some heavy and transition metal ions." Chemical Bulletin of Kazakh National University, no. 1 (May 14, 2013): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15328/chemb_2013_184-89.

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31

Yusupaliev, R., B. Kh Yunusov, and M. M. Azimova. "The composition of natural waters of some source rivers of the republic of Uzbekistan, used in the thermal power engineering and the results of the experimental researches at preliminary and ion exchange treatment of water." E3S Web of Conferences 139 (2019): 01083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913901083.

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The article describes the possibility of use of the natural waters for generation of steam at thermal electric power stations. The chemical composition of some source rivers of the Republic of Uzbekistan is provided as well as its influence to the processing of water and contamination of the steam in the thermal energy engineering. The conditions of the preliminary chemical treatment of the natural water at TashTPP with the use of aluminum sulphate are described, as well as the experimental unit for production of the coagulant in the preliminary treatment and clarification of water; the experimental data on treatment of water with ions of chloride using the new ionites of type ASH-64 and ASH-64M, which were synthetized by the scientists of the Tashkent national university.

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32

McCaleb, Michael, Jason Lickliter, Andrew Dibble, Eugene Schneider, Mariam Aghajan, Shuling Guo, Steve Hughes, Richard S. Geary, and Brett P. Monia. "Transmembrane Protease, Serine 6 (TMPRSS6) Antisense Oligonucleotide (IONIS-TMPRSS6-LRX) Reduces Plasma Iron Levels of Healthy Volunteers in a Phase 1 Clinical Study." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-115339.

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Abstract Iron overload is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in beta-thalassemia patients. The low levels of beta-globin and ineffective erythropoiesis in these patients result in the suppression of hepcidin. The inappropriately low levels of hepcidin trigger an increased absorption of dietary iron and increased iron release from storage, causing iron overload. Expression of hepcidin, which is predominately produced in the liver, is negatively regulated by the transmembrane protease, serine 6 (TMPRSS6). Mouse and human genetic data indicated that lowering TMPRSS6 expression could up-regulate hepcidin and ameliorate many of the disease symptoms associated with beta-thalassemia. Previously we identified a highly specific and potent antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting either the murine (Guo et al. J Clin Invest. 2013; 123(4):1531-41) or the human (Aghajan et al, Blood 2016; 128:1013) TMPRSS6 mRNA. Downregulation of TMPRSS6 with ASO treatment resulted in dose-dependent hepcidin upregulation, leading to dramatic reductions in serum iron and transferrin saturation in animal models This in turn ameliorated the anemia and iron overload phenotypes in a mouse model of beta-thalassemia (th3/+ mice), which recapitulates beta-thalassemia intermedia in humans. Herein, we are reporting the initial clinical safety and pharmacodynamics of IONIS-TMPRSS6-LRX. This GalNAc-conjugated, TMPRSS6 ASO was evaluated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, single-center Phase 1 clinical study enrolling healthy volunteers. During an 8-week period, placebo or IONIS-TMPRSS6-LRX was administered subcutaneously four times (Weeks 1, 4, 6 and 8) at doses of 20, 40 or 60 mg. At doses of 20 and 40 mg, mean (±SEM) levels of serum iron were reduced 34±10% and 49±7% on week 10 (The 60 mg treatment cohort is ongoing). Consistent with the reduction of plasma iron, the mean (+/-SEM) percent transferrin saturation was reduced from baseline levels of 28±3% and 30±1% to 14±2% and 13±2%, for 20 and 40 mg groups, respectively, at Week 10. Furthermore, plasma hepcidin levels were increased from 2.1±0.6 and 2.5±0.6 nM to 2.7±0.6 and 6.7±0.9 nM, respectively. During this time period, there were small reductions in Hgb (-9±2%), reticulocyte Hgb (-13±2%) at the 40 mg dose. There were no serious adverse events in the study and the treatment-emergent adverse events were generally mild. In summary, IONIS-TMPRSS6-LRX, a novel antisense oligonucleotide targeting TMPRSS6, effectively reduces plasma iron levels and has the potential as a therapeutic for patients with beta-thalassemia and related disorders. The safety profile of IONIS-TMPRSS6-LRX supports further development. Disclosures McCaleb: Ionis Pharmaceuticals, INC: Employment, Equity Ownership. Lickliter:Nucleus Network: Employment. Dibble:Ionis Pharmaceuticals, INC: Employment. Schneider:Ionis Pharmaceuticals, INC: Employment, Other: shareholders. Aghajan:Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment. Guo:Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment. Hughes:Ionis Pharmaceuticals, INC: Employment, Other: shareholders. Geary:Ionis Pharmaceuticals, INC: Employment, Other: shareholders. Monia:Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Employment, Other: Intellectual property rights.

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Rahayu, Riana Suastari, Iryanti Eka Suprihatin, and Wiwik Susanah Rita. "IDENTIFIKASI PEWARNA MERAH K3 (CI 15585) DALAM PRODUK KOSMETIK SEDIAAN PERONA MATA SECARA LC- MS/MS." CAKRA KIMIA (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) 5, no. 1 (July 28, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ck.2017.v05.i01.p05.

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ABSTRAK : Identifikasi merah K3 dalam sediaan perona mata secara LC-MS/MS dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi keberadaannya yang sering kali ditemukan dalam konsentrasi kecil. Metode spektrofotometeri UV-VIS dan HPLC tidak cukup untuk mengkonfirmasi keberadaan merah K3 yang dinyatakan positif dengan metode KLT. Optimasi metode dilakukan pada kondisi spektrometer massa dan sistem kromatografi cair yang berlaku pada LC-MS/MS sebelum dilakukan proses identifikasi. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan identifikasi merah K3 dengan LC-MS/MS menggunakan teknik ionisasi elektrospray (ESI) dan sistem Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) pada mode ionisasi negatif. Ion prekursor pada m/z 375 dan ion produk pada m/z 204, 80, 140 digunakan untuk identifikasi. ABSTRACT : Identification of red dye (CI 15585) using LC-MS/MS in eye shadow was performed to confirm its presence in very low concentrations. The UV-VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC are not sufficient to confirm the presence of red dye identified by the TLC. The optimation of the method was carried out under the condition applicable to LC-MS / MS prior to identification process. Optimation results show that red dye can be identified with LC-MS/MS using electrospray ionization technique (ESI) and Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) system under negative ionization mode. The precursor ion at m / z 375 and the product ions at m / z 204, 80, 140 are used for identification.

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Antoniotti, Paola, Paola Facchini, and Felice Grandinetti. "FSO+ and FSO2+ ions from ionised sulfur oxyfluorides: a computational investigation on the structure, stability, and thermochemistry." Chemical Physics Letters 372, no. 3-4 (April 2003): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00442-1.

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Al-Tannak, Naser F., Sami Bawazeer, and David G. Watson. "Exploring the Effect of Buffer Strength on the Retention Time of Weak Acids, Neutral and Weak Bases in Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) Mode." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 1 (December 5, 2018): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180806152818.

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Background: Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) orthogonal to conventional reversed phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) mode allowing separation of polar compounds. HILIC has been reported to be an alternative to normal phase liquid chromatography, yet the separation mechanism reported in HILIC is much more complicated than that in normal phase liquid chromatography. Objective: To investigate the effect of water layer thickness on silica gel and the amount of ammonium ions present within the buffer on retention mechanism in hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Methodology: A test system was designed which used weak acids, neutrals and weak bases as probes with three different strengths (5, 10 and 20 mM) of ammonium acetate, ammonium formate and ammonium propionate as the counter-ions to compete with the test probes with ionised silanol groups and water present in the stationary phase. A Kromasil 60-5SIL column (150 mm×4.6 mm×4 μm, pore size 60Å) was used as the stationary phase to perform the study. Results: Retention times were examined for the test probes at 90% acetonitrile (ACN) with 10% of 5, 10 and 20 mM of ammonium acetate, ammonium formate and ammonium propionate. As the buffer strength increases, the thickness of the water layer on the surface of the silica gel increases and also the repulsion between ionized silanol groups and acidic test probes will decrease. On the other hand, such increase in buffer strength will increase the competition between the ammonium ions and basic test probes. In addition, the hydration energy of buffer’s counter ions and hydrophilicity may be important in retention mechanism in HILIC mode. Conclusion: At 20 mM buffer strength acidic probes with low log P values retain more due to reduced repulsion by silanol groups, while basic probes retention time will decrease due to increased competition from ammonium counter ions. However, in 5 mM buffer strength basic probes with low logP value will be retained longer, while acidic probes will be eluted earlier due to the repulsion between ionized acids and ionized silanol groups.

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Ferrone, Jason D., Gourab Bhattacharjee, Alexey S. Revenko, Thomas A. Zanardi, Marshelle S. Warren, Frederick J. Derosier, Nicholas J. Viney, et al. "IONIS-PKKRx a Novel Antisense Inhibitor of Prekallikrein and Bradykinin Production." Nucleic Acid Therapeutics 29, no. 2 (April 2019): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/nat.2018.0754.

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37

Garber, Ken. "Big win possible for Ionis/Biogen antisense drug in muscular atrophy." Nature Biotechnology 34, no. 10 (October 2016): 1002–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1016-1002.

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Kuźma, B., K. Murawski, Z. E. Musielak, S. Poedts, and D. Wójcik. "Spatial variation in the periods of ion and neutral waves in a solar magnetic arcade." Astronomy & Astrophysics 652 (August 2021): A88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038003.

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Context. We present new insight into the propagation of ion magnetoacoustic and neutral acoustic waves in a magnetic arcade in the lower solar atmosphere. Aims. By means of numerical simulations, we (a) study two-fluid waves propagating in a magnetic arcade embedded in the partially ionised, lower solar atmosphere and (b) investigate the effect of the background magnetic field configuration on the observed wave-periods. Methods. We considered a 2D approximation of the gravitationally stratified and partially ionised lower solar atmosphere consisting of ion plus electron and neutral fluids that are coupled by ion-neutral collisions. In this model, the convection below the photosphere causes the excitation of ion magnetoacoustic-gravity and neutral acoustic-gravity waves. Results. We find that in the solar photosphere, where ions and neutrals are strongly coupled by collisions, ion magnetoacoustic-gravity and neutral acoustic-gravity waves have periods ranging from 250 s to 350 s. In the chromosphere, where the collisional coupling is weak, the wave characteristics strongly depend on the magnetic field configuration. Above the footpoints of the considered arcade, the plasma is dominated by a vertical magnetic field along which ion magnetoacoustic-gravity waves propagate. These waves exhibit a broad range of periods, and the most prominent periods are 180 s, 220 s, and 300 s. Above the main loop of the solar arcade, where mostly horizontal magnetic field lines guide ion magnetoacoustic-gravity waves, the main spectral power reduces to the period of about 180 s, and no longer wave-periods exist. Conclusions. In photospheric regions, ongoing solar granulation excites a broad spectrum of wave-periods that undergoes complex interactions: mode-coupling, refractions through the inhomogeneous atmosphere, real physical absorption, and conversion of wave power. We found that, in addition, the magnetic arcade configuration with a partially ionised plasma drastically changes the image of wave-periods observed in the upper layers of the chromosphere and corona. Our results agree with recent observational data.

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Teng, Yunfei, Pei Liu, Lin Fu, Xiang-Yu Kong, Lei Jiang, and Liping Wen. "Bioinspired nervous signal transmission system based on two-dimensional laminar nanofluidics: From electronics to ionics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 29 (July 1, 2020): 16743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005937117.

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Mammalian nervous systems, as natural ionic circuitries, stand out in environmental perception and sophisticated information transmission, relying on protein ionic channels and additional necessary structures. Prosperously emerged ionic regulated biomimetic nanochannels exhibit great potentialities in various application scenarios, especially signal transduction. Most reported direct current systems possess deficiencies in informational density and variability, which are superiorities of alternating current (AC) systems and necessities in bioinspired nervous signal transmission. Here, inspired by myelinated saltatory conduction, alternating electrostatic potential controlled nanofluidics are constructed with a noncontact application pattern and MXene nanosheets. Under time-variant external stimuli, ions confined in the interlaminar space obtain the capability of carriers for the AC ionic circuit. The transmitted information is accessible from typical sine to a frequency-modulated binary signal. This work demonstrates the potentiality of the bioinspired nervous signal transmission between electronics and ionic nanofluidics, which might push one step forward to the avenue of AC ionics.

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MANIL, B., P. BODUCH, A. CASSIMI, O. KAMALOU, L. MAUNOURY, J. RANGAMA, B. A. HUBER, J. JENSEN, H. ZETTERGREN, and H. CEDERQUIST. "COLLISION INDUCED FRAGMENTATION OF FULLERENE CLUSTERS (C60)n." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 15n17 (July 10, 2005): 2345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205030955.

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Clusters of C 60 fullerenes are (multi)-ionised in collisions with O 5+ projectiles at a collision energy of 100 keV. The dominant fragmentation channels are analysed by time-of-flight mass spectrometry for different cluster size distributions. Singly charged [Formula: see text], ions are found to be the dominant fragments, in 25% connected with the loss of one or more C 2-units. This result is explained by the large charge mobility in fullerene clusters. Doubly charged fragments, in form of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], contribute to the observed spectrum with less than 5–10% only and are mainly attributed to the fragmentation of dimers. Singly charged small carbon clusters in the size range n = 7 to 19 are formed with low kinetic energies indicating the importance of thermal dissociation processes. The present experiments confirm earlier conclusions on the charge mobility in fullerene clusters.

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Marcovina, Santica M., Nicholas J. Viney, Steven G. Hughes, Shuting Xia, Joseph L. Witztum, and Sotirios Tsimikas. "Temporal variability in lipoprotein(a) levels in patients enrolled in the placebo arms of IONIS-APO(a)Rx and IONIS-APO(a)-LRx antisense oligonucleotide clinical trials." Journal of Clinical Lipidology 12, no. 1 (January 2018): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2017.10.024.

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Kakutani, Koji, Yoshinori Matsuda, Teruo Nonomura, Yoshihiro Takikawa, Takeshi Takami, and Hideyoshi Toyoda. "A Simple Electrostatic Precipitator for Trapping Virus Particles Spread via Droplet Transmission." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 4934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094934.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a simple electrostatic apparatus to precipitate virus particles spread via droplet transmission, which is especially significant in the context of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The bacteriophage φ6 of Pseudomonas syringae was used as a model of the COVID-19 virus because of its similar structure and safety in experiments. The apparatus consisted of a spiked, perforated stainless plate (S-PSP) linked to a direct-current voltage generator to supply negative charge to the spike tips and a vessel with water (G-water) linked to a ground line. The S-PSP and G-water surface were paralleled at a definite interval. Negative charge supplied to the spike tips positively polarised the G-water by electrostatic induction to form an electric field between them in which ionic wind and negative ions were generated. Bacteriophage-containing water was atomised with a nebuliser and introduced into the electric field. The mist particles were ionised by the negative ions and attracted to the opposite pole (G-water). This apparatus demonstrated a prominent ability to capture phage-containing mist particles of the same sizes as respiratory droplets and aerosols regardless of the phage concentration of the mist particles. The trapped phages were successfully sterilised using ozone bubbling. Thus, the present study provides an effective system for eliminating droplet transmission of viral pathogens from public spaces.

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Fernández-Menchero, Luis, Catherine Ramsbottom, and Connor Ballance. "Estimating the Level of Uncertainty in Electron-Impact Excitation and Photoionisation Rates of Low-Ionised Stages of Ni Ions." Galaxies 6, no. 3 (July 18, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6030074.

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Ni iv lines can be used as diagnostics for temperature and density for various astrophysical objects. In addition, ionization of Ni2+ is one of the causes of the opacity in the interstellar medium. We calculate the photoionization of Ni2+ and the electron-impact excitation of Ni3+. We use a fully-relativistic Dirac Atomic R-Matrix Code (DARC) method. We include a large set of configurations in the expansion of the wave functions of the target, up to the n=6 atomic shell. We show preliminary results for the photoionization cross-sections of Ni2+ and the electron-impact excitation collision strengths of Ni3+. The expected final results can be implemented in the available software packages for astrophysical plasma simulation, such as CLOUDY. We also show a preliminary estimation of the error of the data by the comparison of different sets of calculations.

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Benson, Merrill D., Elizabeth J. Ackermann, and Brett P. Monia. "Treatment of transthyretin cardiomyopathy with a TTR-specific antisense oligonucleotide (IONIS-TTRRx)." Amyloid 24, sup1 (March 16, 2017): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506129.2017.1280015.

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45

Wilcock, Robert J., and Steven C. Chapra. "Diel changes of inorganic chemistry in a macrophyte-dominated, softwater stream." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 8 (2005): 1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05049.

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Diel fluctuations of conductivity and alkalinity were measured in a macrophyte-dominated stretch of the Piako River, a rural, lowland, softwater stream in New Zealand. Both quantities exhibited elevated levels at dawn and depressed levels in the early evening suggesting that the variations might be connected with the diel cycles of macrophyte photosynthesis and respiration. A chemical analysis was used to determine which ions induced the diel variations. For low-flow periods with minimal allochthonous inputs, the changes in conductivity were correlated with calcium, magnesium and the ionised components of total inorganic carbon (bicarbonate, HCO3–, and carbonate, CO32–). The changes in alkalinity were correlated with fluctuations of calcium and magnesium. The latter result was not anticipated based on solubility product calculations. Diel cycles of groundwater inputs explained 60% of average conductivity variations and 30% of average alkalinity variations between dusk and dawn. Other mechanisms also contribute to the observed changes and we speculate that localised calcite production and dissolution may be occurring.

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PEREGUDOV, Yuri Semenovich, Elena Mikhailovna GORBUNOVA, Behzod Aminovich OBIDOV, Ksenia Borisovna KIM, and Sabuhi Ilich oglu NIFTALIEV. "STUDY OF THE SORPTION OF AMMONIUM CATIONS ON A FIBROUS CARBOXYLIC SORBENT." Periódico Tchê Química 18, no. 38 (July 28, 2021): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v18.n38.2021.16_peregudov_pgs_224_241.pdf.

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Background: Wastewater from the mineral fertilizer production, agribusiness containing ammonium ions causes significant harm to fish farming; therefore, it must be purified before discharge. Ion-exchange sorption is a promising method for isolating ammonium cations. The object of the study was a chemisorption fiber VION KN-1, which has developed surface and high sorption rate. Purpose: To study the sorption kinetics of ammonium cations from aqueous solutions on VION KN-1; to train an ANN to predict the degree of recovery of ammonium ions from wastewater using Statistica Neural Networks Version 13. Methods: The ammonium ion concentration in the solution was established by direct potentiometry. Sorption isotherms were constructed using the method of variable concentrations. To determine the limiting stage, the obtained kinetic dependencies were represented in the coordinates of the Boyd-Adamson equations for internal/external diffusion. Results and Discussion: During sorption from solutions with different ammonium nitrogen contents, the values of distribution coefficients (Kd) are at the level of 2.3ꞏ103 cm3/g, which significantly exceeds this parameter for granular ionites. Experimental sorption data were verified using Freundlich (R2 = 0.9224) and Langmuir (R2 = 0.9996) isotherms. The maximum degree of recovery (over 96 %) was achieved by passing a solution with a concentration of 11.3 mmol/dm3. Using an array of experimental data, the MLP-3-5-1 neural network was trained. The coefficient of determination R2 = 0.999420 obtained for the training sample characterizes high network performance. Conclusions: The Langmuir equation better describes the process of NH4+ sorption on a fibrous sorbent. It is reasonable to use VION KN-1 at the fine treatment stage. Ammonium ion desorption from the fiber was performed by acid solution. The resulting solutions of ammonium salts can be used as liquid fertilizers. The trained neural networks can be used to predict the degree of recovery of ammonium ions by sorbent VION KN-1.

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Moriya, Makoto, Hiro Kitaguchi, Eiji Nishibori, Hiroshi Sawa, Wataru Sakamoto, and Toshinobu Yogo. "Inside Cover: Molecular Ionics in Supramolecular Assemblies with Channel Structures Containing Lithium Ions (Chem. Eur. J. 48/2012)." Chemistry - A European Journal 18, no. 48 (November 19, 2012): 15210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201290205.

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Dunn, Bruce, Gregory C. Farrington, and John O. Thomas. "Frontiers in β″-Alumina Research." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 9 (September 1989): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400061704.

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Beta and β″-alumina are remarkable solid electrolytes whose study has been a principal theme in the field of solid state ionics ever since Yao and Kummer first reported the exceptionally high conductivity of sodium β-alumina in 1967. The unusual properties of sodium β-alumina stimulated widespread interest in both the science and technology of high conductivity solid electrolytes. Since Yao and Kummer's seminal work, many solid electrolytes have been explored, but interest in the β and β″-aluminas has endured, principally because of their virtually unique ability to undergo ion exchange in which the sodium ions are replaced by a wide variety of monovalent, divalent, and trivalent cations as well as various protonic species. The β and β″-aluminas thus are not single compounds, but a family of solid electrolytes with diverse properties and potential technological applications.Kummer first pointed out the ion exchange properties of sodium β-alumina by showing that the sodium ions in the structure can be replaced by different monovalent cations, such as Li+, K+, as well as H(H2O)x+ and NH4+. More recent studies have shown that the ion exchange chemistry of sodium β″-alumina, is far richer than that of sodium β″-alumina. In fact, the sodium ion content of β″-alumina can be exchanged for virtually any +1, +2, or +3 cation in the periodic chart.

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Robinson, Sarah, Anne Routledge, and Jane Thomas-Oates. "Characterisation and proposed origin of mass spectrometric ions observed 30 Th above the ionised molecules of per-O-methylated carbohydrates." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 19, no. 24 (2005): 3681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2246.

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Hale, Oliver J., and Helen J. Cooper. "In situ mass spectrometry analysis of intact proteins and protein complexes from biological substrates." Biochemical Society Transactions 48, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190793.

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Advances in sample preparation, ion sources and mass spectrometer technology have enabled the detection and characterisation of intact proteins. The challenges associated include an appropriately soft ionisation event, efficient transmission and detection of the often delicate macromolecules. Ambient ion sources, in particular, offer a wealth of strategies for analysis of proteins from solution environments, and directly from biological substrates. The last two decades have seen rapid development in this area. Innovations include liquid extraction surface analysis, desorption electrospray ionisation and nanospray desorption electrospray ionisation. Similarly, developments in native mass spectrometry allow protein–protein and protein–ligand complexes to be ionised and analysed. Identification and characterisation of these large ions involves a suite of hyphenated mass spectrometry techniques, often including the coupling of ion mobility spectrometry and fragmentation techniques. The latter include collision, electron and photon-induced methods, each with their own characteristics and benefits for intact protein identification. In this review, recent developments for in situ protein analysis are explored, with a focus on ion sources and tandem mass spectrometry techniques used for identification.

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