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Bahri, Maroua. "Improving IoT data stream analytics using summarization techniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT017.
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Face à cette évolution technologique vertigineuse, l’utilisation des dispositifs de l'Internet des Objets (IdO), les capteurs, et les réseaux sociaux, d'énormes flux de données IdO sont générées quotidiennement de différentes applications pourront être transformées en connaissances à travers l’apprentissage automatique. En pratique, de multiples problèmes se posent afin d’extraire des connaissances utiles de ces flux qui doivent être gérés et traités efficacement. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse vise à améliorer les performances (en termes de mémoire et de temps) des algorithmes de l'apprentissage supervisé, principalement la classification à partir de flux de données en évolution. En plus de leur nature infinie, la dimensionnalité élevée et croissante de ces flux données dans certains domaines rendent la tâche de classification plus difficile. La première partie de la thèse étudie l’état de l’art des techniques de classification et de réduction de dimension pour les flux de données, tout en présentant les travaux les plus récents dans ce cadre.La deuxième partie de la thèse détaille nos contributions en classification pour les flux de données. Il s’agit de nouvelles approches basées sur les techniques de réduction de données visant à réduire les ressources de calcul des classificateurs actuels, presque sans perte en précision. Pour traiter les flux de données de haute dimension efficacement, nous incorporons une étape de prétraitement qui consiste à réduire la dimension de chaque donnée (dès son arrivée) de manière incrémentale avant de passer à l’apprentissage. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons plusieurs approches basées sur: Bayesien naïf amélioré par les résumés minimalistes et hashing trick, k-NN qui utilise compressed sensing et UMAP, et l’utilisation d’ensembles d’apprentissage également<br>With the evolution of technology, the use of smart Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, sensors, and social networks result in an overwhelming volume of IoT data streams, generated daily from several applications, that can be transformed into valuable information through machine learning tasks. In practice, multiple critical issues arise in order to extract useful knowledge from these evolving data streams, mainly that the stream needs to be efficiently handled and processed. In this context, this thesis aims to improve the performance (in terms of memory and time) of existing data mining algorithms on streams. We focus on the classification task in the streaming framework. The task is challenging on streams, principally due to the high -- and increasing -- data dimensionality, in addition to the potentially infinite amount of data. The two aspects make the classification task harder.The first part of the thesis surveys the current state-of-the-art of the classification and dimensionality reduction techniques as applied to the stream setting, by providing an updated view of the most recent works in this vibrant area.In the second part, we detail our contributions to the field of classification in streams, by developing novel approaches based on summarization techniques aiming to reduce the computational resource of existing classifiers with no -- or minor -- loss of classification accuracy. To address high-dimensional data streams and make classifiers efficient, we incorporate an internal preprocessing step that consists in reducing the dimensionality of input data incrementally before feeding them to the learning stage. We present several approaches applied to several classifications tasks: Naive Bayes which is enhanced with sketches and hashing trick, k-NN by using compressed sensing and UMAP, and also integrate them in ensemble methods
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Lunardi, Willian Tesaro. "Decision support IoT framework : device discovery and stream analytics." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6929.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-23<br>Durante os ?ltimos anos, como r?pido desenvolvimento e prolifera??o da Internet das Coisas (IoT), muitas ?reas de aplica??o come?aram a explorar este novo paradigma de computa??o. O n?mero de dispositivos computacionais ativos tem crescido em um ritmo acelerado ao redor do mundo. Consequentemente, um mecanismo para lidar com estes diferentes dispositivos tornou-se necess?rio. Middlewares para a IoT t?m sido desenvolvidos tanto em ambientes industriais como de pesquisa para suprir esta necessidade, no entanto, a descoberta e a sele??o de dispositivos, bem como o suporte a tomada de decis?o baseada no fluxo de dados destes dispositivos continuam sendo um desafio cr?tico. Neste trabalho apresentamos o Decision Support IoT Framework, composto pelo sistema COBASEN, um motor de busca de dispositivos da IoT, e o sistema DMS, o qual atua sobre dados de dispositivo em movimento, extra indo informa??es valiosas para dar suporte a tomada de decis?es. O sistema COBASEN opera com base nas caracter?sticas textuais dos perfis dos dispositivos. O sistema DMS utiliza processamento de eventos complexos para analisar e reagir sobre os dados de fluxo cont?nuo, permitindo, por exemplo, disparar um alerta quando um erro ou condi??o espec?fica aparece no fluxo de dados do dispositivo. O objetivo principal deste trabalho ? destacar a import?ncia de um motor de busca de dispositivos para a Internet das Coisas e um sistema de apoio ? tomada de decis?o baseado na an?lise de fluxo cont?nuo dos dispositivos IoT. Foi desenvolvido dois sistemas que implementam conceitos COBASEN e DMS. No entanto, em testes preliminares, realizado uma avalia??o funcional de ambos os sistemas em termos de desempenho. Resultados iniciais sugerem que o Decision Support IoT Framework fornece abordagens importantes que facilitam o desenvolvimento de aplica??es da Internet das Coisas, podendo executar fun??es essenciais para melhorar os processos de ambientes que fazem uso deste paradigma.<br>During the past few years, with the fast development and proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), many application areas have started to exploit this new computing paradigm. The number of active computing devices has been growing at a rapid pace in IoT environments around the world. Consequently, a mechanism to deal with this different devices has become necessary. Middleware systems solutions for IoT have been developed in both research and industrial environments to supply this need. However, device discovery and selection, as well decision analytics remain a critical challenge. In this work we present the Decision Support IoT Framework composed of COBASEN, an IoT search engine to address the research challenge regarding the discovery and selection of IoT devices when large number of devices with over lapping and sometimes redundant functionality are available in IoT middleware systems, and DMS, which allows to setup analytic computations on device data when it is still in motion, extracting valuable information from it for decision management. COBASEN operates based on textual characteristics of devices. The DMS uses Complex Event Processing to analyze and react over streaming data, allowing for example, to triggers an alert when a specific error or condition appears in the stream. The main goal of this work is to high light the importance of an IoT search engine for devices and a decision support system for stream analytics in the IoT paradigm. We developed two systems that implements COBASEN and DMS concepts. However, for preliminarily tests, we made a functional evaluation of both systems in terms of performance. Our initial findings suggest that the Decision Support IoT Framework provides important approaches that facilitate the development of IoT applications, which may perform essential roles to improve IoT processes.
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Winberg, André, and Ramin Alberto Golrang. "Analytics as a Service : Analysis of services in Microsoft Azure." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-47655.
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Mendula, Matteo. "Interaction and Behaviour Evaluation for Smart Homes: Data Collection and Analytics in the ScaledHome Project." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20151/.
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Nowadays more and more devices are becoming "smart", in fact they can take autonomous decision and interact proactively with the surrounding environment.
Smart home is just one of the most popular terms related with this relevant change we are witnessing and its relevance in this project is mainly due to the fact that the residential sector account an important percentage in terms of energy consumption.
New ways to share and save energy have to be taken into account in order to optimize the usage of the devices needed by houses to make the environment cozy and comfortable for their inhabitants.
The work done with Professor Turgut's team has improved the knowledge in the smart home system area providing a scalable and reliable architecture, a new dataset and an example of application of these data useful to save energy while satisfying the demands of its inhabitants.
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Zamam, Mohamad. "A unified framework for real-time streaming and processing of IoT data." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medieteknik (ME), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66057.
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The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) is introducing a new era to the realm of computing and technology. The proliferation of sensors and actuators that are embedded in things enables these devices to understand the environments and respond accordingly more than ever before. Additionally, it opens the space to unlimited possibilities for building applications that turn this sensation into big benefits, and within various domains. From smart cities to smart transportation and smart environment and the list is quite long. However, this revolutionary spread of IoT devices and technologies rises big challenges. One major challenge is the diversity in IoT vendors that results in data heterogeneity. This research tackles this problem by developing a data management tool that normalizes IoT data. Another important challenge is the lack of practical IoT technology with low cost and low maintenance. That has often limited large-scale deployments and mainstream adoption. This work utilizes open-source data analytics in one unified IoT framework in order to address this challenge. What is more, billions of connected things are generating unprecedented amounts of data from which intelligence must be derived in real-time. This unified framework processes real-time streams of data from IoT. A questionnaire that involved participants with background knowledge in IoT was conducted in order to collect feedback about the proposed framework. The aspects of the framework were presented to the participants in a form of demonstration video describing the work that has been done. Finally, using the participants’ feedback, the contribution of the developed framework to the IoT was discussed and presented.
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MALAVISI, MARZIA. "Structural Health Monitoring Framework for Automatic Damage Detection based on IoT and Big Data Analytics: Application to a network of structures." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2840369.
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Laricchia, Luigi. "Monitoraggio ambientale tramite tecnologia LoRaWAN: misurazioni sperimentali e piattaforma di data analytics." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17312/.
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I requisiti di molte applicazioni IoT necessitano di trasmettere dati su lunghe distanze, con basso data rate e con il minor impatto possibile sul consumo energetico. Le tecnologie LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) sono state progettate per complementare ed in alcuni casi sostituire le soluzioni offerte dalla reti cellulari e dalle reti di sensori a corto/medio raggio. Nonostante la pletora di standards LPWAN disponibili sul mercato, la tecnologia LoRa/LoRaWAN sta riscuotendo notevole successo grazie alle performance che riesce a garantire.
L’imponente mole di dati generata dalle applicazioni IoT richiede soluzioni in grado di poter archiviare e gestire in maniera efficiente il ciclo di vita delle informazioni. L’utilizzo di piattaforme di data analytics basate su sistemi NoSQL permettono una gestione più agile dei Big Data.
In questa tesi è stata progettata ed implementata un’infrastruttura per il monitoraggio ambientale tramite LoRaWAN e la relativa piattaforma di data analytics adoperata per lo studio delle metriche relative alla trasmissione radio LoRa. I risultati ottenuti dalla sperimentazione possono essere usati per fare tuning delle configurazioni per il deploy in contesti reali.
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Coimbra, Rafael Melo. "Framework based on lambda architecture applied to IoT: case scenario." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21739.
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Mestrado em Sistemas de Informação<br>Desde o início da primeira década do presente milénio, tem-se testemunhado um aumento exponencial da quantidade de dados produzidos de dia para dia. Numa primeira instância, o aumento foi atribuído aos dados gerados pelos dispositivos GPS; numa segunda fase, à rápida expansão das redes sociais, agora não devido a um fator específico, mas devido ao surgimento de um novo conceito denominado de Internet das Coisas.
Este novo conceito, com resultados já mensuráveis, nasceu da premissa de facilitar o dia-a-dia das pessoas fazendo com que os dispositivos eletrónicos comunicassem entre si com o objetivo de sugerir e assistir a pequenas decisões dado os comportamentos observados no passado.
Com o objetivo de manter o conceito possível e o estender para além das já existentes aplicações, os dados gerados pelos dispositivos necessitam não apenas de serem armazenados, mas igualmente processados. Adicionando ao volume de dados a sua variedade e velocidade de produção, estes são igualmente fatores que quando não ultrapassados da maneira correta podem apresentar diversas dificuldades, ao ponto de inviabilizarem a criação de novas aplicações baseadas neste novo conceito.
Os mecanismos e tecnologias existentes não acompanharam a evolução das novas necessidades, e para que o conceito possa evoluir, novas soluções são obrigatórias. A liderar a lista das novas tecnologias preparadas para este novo tipo de desafios, composto por um sistema de ficheiros distribuído e uma plataforma de processamento distribuída, está o Hadoop. O Hadoop é uma referência para a resolução desta nova gama de problemas, e já comprovou ser capaz de processar enormes quantidades de dados de maneira económica.
No entanto, dadas as suas características, tem alguma dificuldade em processar menores quantidades de dados e tem como desvantagem a grande latência necessária para a iniciação do processamento de dados.
Num mercado volátil, ser capaz de processar grandes quantidades de dados baseadas em dados passados não é o suficiente. Tecnologias capazes de processar dados em tempo real são igualmente necessárias para complementar as necessidades de processamento de dados anteriores.
No panorama atual, as tecnologias existentes não se demonstram à prova de tão distintas necessidades e, quando postas à prova, diferentes produtos tecnológicos necessitam ser combinados.
Resultado de um ambiente com as características descritas é o ambiente que servirá de contexto para a execução do trabalho que se segue. Tendo com base as necessidades impostas por um caso de uso pertencente a IoT, através da arquitetura Lambda, diferentes tecnologias serão combinadas com o objetivo de que no final todos os requisitos impostos possam ser ultrapassados. No final, a solução apresentada será avaliada sobre um ambiente real como forma de prova de conceito.<br>Since the beginning of the first decade of current millennium, it has been witnessed an exponential grow of data being produced every day. First, the increase was given to the amount of data generated by GPS devices, then, the quickly arise of social networks, and now because a new trend as emerged named Internet of Things.
This new concept, which is already a reality, was born from the premise of facilitating people's lives by having small electronic devices communicating with each other with the goal to suggest small daily decisions based on the behaviours experienced in the past.
With the goal to keep this concept alive and extended further to other applications, the data produced by the target electronic devices is however need to be process and storage. The data volume, velocity and variety are the main variables which when not over planned on the correct way, a wall is created at the point of enviabilize the leverage of the true potential of this new group of applications.
Traditional mechanisms and technologies did not follow the actual needs and with the goal to keep the concept alive the address of new technologies are now mandatory. On top of the line, leading the resolution of this new set of challenges, composed by a distributed file system and a parallel processing Framework is Hadoop. Hadoop have proven to fit under the new imposed challenges being capable of process and storage high volumes of data on a cost-effective batch-oriented way.
However, given its characteristics on other hand it presents some drawbacks when faced with small amounts of data. In order to gain leverage on market, the companies need not only to be capable of process the data, but process it in a profitable way. Real time processing technologies are needed to complement batch oriented technologies. There is no one size fits all system and with the goal to address the multiples requirements, different technologies are required to be combined.
Result of the demanding requirements imposed by the IoT concepts, is the environment which on will be relied the address of the business use case under analyses.
Based on the needs imposed by a use case belonging to IoT, through the Lambda architecture, different technologies will be combined with the goal that in the end all the imposed requirements can be accomplished and exceeded. In the end, the solution presented will be evaluated on a real environment as proof of concept.
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Hvizdák, Lukáš. "Systém sběru dat v průmyslu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413269.
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The master thesis focuses on the design and implementation of data collection from production using a PLC into an SQL database located in the cloud and subsequent visualization. The work describes the applicable communication protocols MQTT and OPC UA with the fact that the protocol MQTT was selected. It deals with securing data transfer from the line to the cloud using the TLS protocol. The individual cloud services and their possibilities for data collection are described here. The work deals with the possibilities of data visualization using existing open source solutions and the differences between them. I describe the possibilities of modifying the open source environment of the Grafany project. Real dashboards from production are presented. The data collection system was deployed in two plants for testing.
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Nemrow, Andrew Craig. "Implementing an IIoT Core System for Simulated Intelligent Manufacturing in an Educational Environment." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8822.
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In this new digital age, efficiency, quality and competition are all increasing rapidly as companies leverage the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, while industrial innovation moves at a faster and faster pace, educational institutions have lagged in the development of the curriculum and environment needed to support further development of the IIoT. To fully realize the potential of the IIoT in the manufacturing sector educational institutions must support the technological training and education rigor demanded to instill the skills and thought leadership to move the industry forward. The purpose of this research is to provide an IIoT core system in an educational factory environment. This system will assist in teaching basic principles of IIoT in the factory while simultaneously allowing for students to envision the manufacturing journey of any facility by implementing principles of IIoT. This will be accomplished by providing all the following capabilities together in a single data system: unified connectivity, role-based data display, real-time issue identification, data analytics, and augmented reality.
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Sundblad, Graziella. "Building a low-cost IoT sensor system that recognizes behavioral patterns for collaborative learning - A Proof of Concept." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DVMT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44351.
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Since the advent of the Internet, we have been observing a fast-paced development within the computing world. One of the major innovations in recent years is the “Internet of Things”, which brings interconnectedness between devices and humans to unprecedented heights. This technological breakthrough enabled the emergence of a new sub-field within Learning Analytics, Multimodal Learning Analytics, which makes use of several types of data sources to study learning-related processes. As computers and sensors become increasingly cheaper and more accessible, research within this new sub-field grows, yet some gaps remain unexplored. Additionally, there is a research bias toward computer-assisted learning environments, rather than physical ones. At the same time, the current labor market is highly competitive, and possessing profession-related skills is not sufficient to land a job. Besides these skills, there is an increasing demand for social skills, such as communication, teamwork, and collaboration. However, there is a gap between the skills that are trained in an academic setting and the ones that are required by the labor market. Having this background in mind, this work aims at designing and evaluating an IoT sensor system capable of tracking patterns observed under social interactions within a group, and more specifically, in terms of the distance between group members while solving a task. Another important aspect of this study is the system's cost-effectiveness so that it can be employed in a scalable and sustainable manner. To achieve this goal, a multimethodological approach for Design Science Research was adopted, which implied the combination of several methods such as sketching, prototyping, and testing. As a result, this study contributes both to the research area of Multimodal Learning Analytics, and to educational practices.
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Gandolfi, Riccardo. "Design of a memory-to-memory tensor reshuffle unit for ultra-low-power deep learning accelerators." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23706/.
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In the context of IoT edge-processing, deep learning applications and near-sensor analytics, the constraints on having low area occupation and low power consumption in MCUs (Microcontroller Units) performing computationally intensive tasks are more stringent than ever. A promising direction is to develop HWPEs (Hardware Processing Engines) that support and help the end-node in the execution of these tasks. The following work concerns the design and testing of the Datamover, a small and easily configurable HWPE for tensor shuffling and data marshaling operation. The accelerator is to be integrated within the Darkside PULP chip and can perform reordering operations and transpositions on data with different sub-byte widths. The focus is on the design of the internal buffering and transposition mechanism and its performance when compared to a software on-platform execution. Also, synthesis results will be shown in terms of area occupation and timing.
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Pazzi, Stefano. "Internet of Things ed implementazione del sistema di misurazione della performance in ambito produttivo. Il caso Amadori." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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Nel progetto si fa riferimento a diverse tecnologie abilitanti del paradigma dell’Industria 4.0, in particolare all'Internet of Things e al Data Analytics. Viene inoltre trattato il tema del Performance Measurement Systems (PMS): il “collante” dell’intero lavoro, assume notevole importanza in un contesto innovativo. Si considera il caso del Gruppo Amadori.
L’obiettivo del progetto è di implementare soluzioni innovative a supporto del processo di formatura e confezionamento per la produzione di articoli a peso fisso in un reparto pilota.
Innanzitutto, nella prima fase del lavoro, è stato implementato un PMS che permetta di fornire supporto informativo monitorando l’efficienza in ambito produttivo sia in tempo reale che a consuntivo. Con inefficienza ci si riferisce principalmente alla differenza tra contenuto effettivo e massa nominale del prodotto preconfezionato (giveaway). Si fa quindi riferimento ai Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), alla definizione dei target e all'implementazione di un sistema di controllo interattivo. Per quanto riguarda l’analisi a consuntivo sono stati realizzati reports per rispondere alle diverse esigenze di due differenti funzioni aziendali: il Controllo di Gestione e la Produzione.
Successivamente, nella seconda fase ci si focalizza su una linea pilota. Le macchine vengono integrate al fine di attuare un meccanismo di regolazione automatica del peso della macchina a monte in base ai dati rilevati dalla bilancia a valle. In particolare, si fa riferimento alla definizione dell’algoritmo di correzione e alle interfacce che consentono all'operatore di interagire con il tool implementato. Lo strumento, quindi, interviene in maniera prescrittiva sul sistema e rappresenta un’applicazione che si inserisce nel paradigma dell’Industria 4.0.
Ciò che ci si aspetta di ottenere dallo sviluppo dell’intero progetto, in particolare dall'integrazione tra le macchine presenti nella linea pilota, è una diminuzione sostanziale del valore del giveaway.
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Reda, Roberto. "A Semantic Web approach to ontology-based system: integrating, sharing and analysing IoT health and fitness data." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14645/.
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With the rapid development of fitness industry, Internet of Things (IoT) technology is becoming one of the most popular trends for the health and fitness areas. IoT technologies have revolutionised the fitness and the sport industry by giving users the ability to monitor their health status and keep track of their training sessions. More and more sophisticated wearable devices, fitness trackers, smart watches and health mobile applications will appear in the near future. These systems do collect data non-stop from sensors and upload them to the Cloud. However, from a data-centric perspective the landscape of IoT fitness devices and wellness appliances is characterised by a plethora of representation and serialisation formats. The high heterogeneity of IoT data representations and the lack of common accepted standards, keep data isolated within each single system, preventing users and health professionals from having an integrated view of the various information collected. Moreover, in order to fully exploit the potential of the large amounts of data, it is also necessary to enable advanced analytics over it, thus achieving actionable knowledge. Therefore, due the above situation, the aim of this thesis project is to design and implement an ontology based system to (1) allow data interoperability among heterogeneous IoT fitness and wellness devices, (2) facilitate the integration and the sharing of information and (3) enable advanced analytics over the collected data (Cognitive Computing). The novelty of the proposed solution lies in exploiting Semantic Web technologies to formally describe the meaning of the data collected by the IoT devices and define a common communication strategy for information representation and exchange.
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Nilsson, Peder, and Pedersen Kasper Kold. "Are you ok app." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20329.
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Denna avhandling beskriver hur en smartphone-baserad larm-applikation som ger säkrare resor för cyklister och löpare kan konstrueras. Genom att övervaka och utvärdera GPS-data från telefonen över tid skickar den föreslagna applikations-prototypen, namngiven till Are You OK App (AYOKA), automatiskt SMS-meddelanden och initierar telefonsamtal till kontakter i en lista konfigurerad av användaren när densamme har råkat ut för ett fall.I detta projekt härleds fall utifrån GPS-inaktivitet (när användarens geografiska koordinater är oförändrade inom ett valt tidsintervall). Detektion av GPS-inaktivitet, i kombination med att användaren inte har svarat, sätter igång larmfunktionen i applikationen. Projektet exemplifierar också hur implementeringen av ett flöde som delar data i ett moln, vilket använder Microsoft Azure som plattform, kan förbättra applikationens datainsamling avsevärt. Genom att använda en IoT Hub, Stream Analytics och en Azure SQL-databas, visar prototypen hur insamlad data kan centraliseras och potentiellt användas i framtida forskning inom övervakning och analys. Den testade prototypen visar ett förbättrat nöd- / säkerhetssystem som kan fungera i många olika sammanhang. Metoden för detektion passar relativt bra med fokus på cyklister och löpare eftersom dessa aktiviteter innebär att utövaren förflyttar sig, vilket i sin tur gör GPS-spårning effektiv. Några nackdelar som diskuteras är den höga grad av interaktion från användaren som behövs för att urskilja ett fall från en vald paus. För att möjliggöra detektering av fall från fysisk aktivitet som sker på en och samma geografiska plats, skulle det vara nödvändigt att i detekteringen använda data från accelerometer och gyroskop. I avhandlingen föreslås att prototypen, inklusive delnings-flödet för molndata, kan tjäna som ett ramverk för framtida system för smarta telefoner där fall-detektering använder sig av strömmad sensordata från enheten.<br>This thesis describes how a smartphone-based alarm application can be constructed to provide safer trips for cyclists and runners. Through monitoring and evaluating GPS data via the mobile device over time, the proposed application prototype, coined Are You OK App (AYOKA), automatically sends SMS messages and initiates phone calls to contacts in a user-configured list when a fall is detected. In this project, falls are inferred on the basis of GPS-inactivity (in this context defined as when the user’s geolocation has not changed within a selected time interval). Detection of GPS-inactivity, combined with a lack of response from the user, will trigger the alarming features of the application. The project also exemplifies how the implementation of a cloud data sharing flow, which uses Microsoft Azure as a platform, can significantly enhance the data gathering capabilities of the application. By utilizing an IoT Hub, Stream Analytics and an Azure SQL database, the prototype demonstrates how the gathered data can be centralized, and in future research could potentially be utilized for monitoring and analytical purposes. The method of detection performed relatively well with the focus on cyclists and runners since these activities involve changing of geographical coordinates, thereby making GPS-tracking effective. By focusing on detecting GPS-inactivity, it is argued that the prototype could potentially be utilized in other emergency scenarios apart from falls, such as being hit by a car. A disadvantage discussed includes the high degree of reliance on user participation to discern a fall from a voluntary pause. To enable detection of falls from physical activity occurring in one location, it would be necessary to incorporate data from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors into the current fall detection functionality. This thesis suggests that the prototype, including the cloud data sharing flow, can serve as a framework for future smartphone-based fall detection systems that use streamed sensor data.
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Pisapia, Claudio. "SAP HANA Energy Management System: creazione di un prototipo di business in Syskoplan Reply." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Il presente lavoro di tesi verterà sulla creazione di un’Energy Management System in grado di soddisfare le esigenze delle imprese sia lato manufacturing che utilities.
Nel primo capitolo oltre ad un‘introduzione al tema dell’EMS, verrà descritta la figura dell’Energy manager e fatta una panoramica sulla parte normativa in merito, cioè la ISO 50001 e la direttiva 2012/27/UE.
Nel secondo capitolo verrà rimarcata l’importanza dei dati, in particolare verranno descritti nel dettaglio i temi della Business Intelligence, i Big Data, l’Internet of Things e la Predictive Analytics.
Nel terzo capitolo poi verrà descritto il software utilizzato per l’analisi dei dati e lo sviluppo dell’EMS, che nella fattispecie è SAP, un gestionale utilizzato nelle medie e grandi aziende e che gestisce praticamente qualunque area interna all’impresa.
Di esso dopo una breve introduzione, ci si focalizzerà sui tools SAP per la gestione energetica e si descriveranno i moduli utilizzati lungo tutto il percorso di tesi.
Nel quarto capitolo, infine, attraverso un ciclo PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act), descriveremo le diverse fasi del progetto di creazione dell’Energy Management System, che partirà nella fase di pianificazione con la definizione dei KPI e la ricerca delle query.
In seguito, nella fase del “fare”, verranno definiti i collegamenti tra le informazioni contenute nelle diverse query e si passerà alla creazione delle tabelle e dei collegamenti tramite join delle stesse.
Nella fase di monitoraggio, verranno attuate le analisi sui dati, in modo da comprendere dove risiedono le problematiche maggiori e come superarle o intervenire per correggerle.
Infine nella fase di attuazione, i dati, le tabelle, le analisi e le soluzioni alle problematiche verranno riportate all’interno di un’applicazione web customizzata per la gestione energetica, in modo da rendere per il cliente di facile lettura e veloce il monitoraggio d’impianto e da indirizzarli su eventuali azioni correttive da apportare.
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Dick, Janice. "Analytical applications of ion selective devices." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/834.
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Ion selective electrodes, ISEs, and ion sensitive field effect transistors, ISFETs, are small, relatively simple to operate and easily automated sensors and, therefore, have a wide range of uses e. g. for field measurements in portable detectors, for on-line measurements in industrial flow systems and in clinical work. Several flow systems were studied for use with ion selective devices. New design ISE flow cells, designed at Newcastle, were found to minimise dead space and carry-over of sample solutions, allowing more rapid sample throughput. An ISFET flow cell studied, however, was found to have serious design faults. The constant volume dilution method of calibration and selectivity determination was shown to be a simple easy-touse method but must be implemented with caution. The selectivity of sensors to the primary ion was determined, where applicable, and the optical sensitivity of ISFETs was examined. Potassium concentrations in fertilizers were determined, using ISEs, in both flow systems described above; more accurate results were obtained using the newer flow-cells. Failure of ISEs after prolonged use in fertilizer solutions is believed to be have been caused by Donnan Breakdown due to HPO 2- ions. A computer controlled titration system was developed which can be used for volumetric or coulometric titrations. Coulometry, an absolute method, is particularly suitable for titration of sub micro-litre samples and for chemically labile species as sample manipulation is minimised and avoids addition of solution reagent, obviating CO 2 contamination of hydroxide. The advantages of coulometry were exploited in work to confirm the second dissociation constant for hydrogen sulphide. Aerial oxidation and sample carbon dioxide uptake are common problems associated with sulphide solutions. Using degassed water for sample preparation, keeping all solutions under nitrogen and using a sulphide anti-oxidant buffer it was possible to reduce sulphide oxidation. Coulometry was used to generate hydrogen ions and potentiometric measurements of the pH and sulphide ion concentrations, made simultaneously, were used to calculate the pK 2d of hydrogen sulphide for a range of 50 gl sodium sulphide solutions. A non-linear least squares programme, SUPERQUAD, was used to obtain a better value for pK 2d. Though a coulometric option exists in SUPERQUAD, it is not often implemented. ISE titration results have not been used much with SUPERQUAD; this work examined the potential of expanding the application of SUPERQUAD. Values of pK 2d of 12.08 ± 1.0 and 11.83 ± 0.4 were obtained by visual inspection and SUPERQUAD refinement, respectively. These values agree well with the text-book value, of 11.96, and demonstrate the accuracy of coulometry. The auto-titration system developed has advantages in many areas, particularly in clinical chemistry where determinations of available species in sub micro-litre samples, delivered in a flow system are required.
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Ramström, Margareta. "Analysis of Complex Biological Samples using Liquid Chromatography-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Analytical Chemistry, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5729.
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<p>Studies of protein and peptide expression are vital in order to understand complex biological systems. As demonstrated in this thesis, on-line packed capillary liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC-FTICR MS) is a useful analytical tool for such studies.</p><p>A proteomics method, based on global tryptic digestion and subsequent separation and detection of the peptides by LC-FTICR MS, was developed for qualitative analysis of body fluids. Initial experiments on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provided results that were comparable or superior to those achieved by more time- and sample-consuming techniques. The method was also successfully applied on plasma and amniotic fluid. One of the major challenges in proteomics is the broad dynamic range of proteins in biological matrices. The advantages of removing high-abundant components from CSF and plasma prior to MS were demonstrated.</p><p>In order to search for potential biomarkers, mass chromatograms of CSF from patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and controls were compared using an in-house constructed pattern recognition program. ALS-specific patterns were observed, and four out of five unknown samples were correctly assigned. Alternative strategies to quantitatively compare two pools of samples rely on differential chemical labeling. The performance of one such method, quantification-using-enhanced-signal-tags, was investigated in complex sample analysis. The experimental intensity ratios were proven to be consistent with the prepared concentration ratios of abundant proteins in CSF.</p><p>Finally, the thesis reports on the first experiments where electron capture dissociation (ECD) was successfully incorporated in on-line LC-MS experiments. ECD and nozzle-skimmer fragmentation were applied to a sample of endocrine peptides extracted from mouse pancreatic islets. The two fragmentation methods provided complementary information. However, the method needs further optimization before it can be applied in the analysis of more complex samples, such as body fluids.</p>
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Kempka, Martin. "Improved mass accuracy in MALDI-TOF-MS analysis." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Division of Analytical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-313.
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Van, Orden Steven Lee. "Mechanistic investigations of gas phase ion-molecule reactions using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186137.
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Studies of the mechanisms and energetics of a variety ion-molecule reactions involving organometallic and organic ions, have been performed using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTMS). The bond activation processes of V⁺, VO⁺, VOH⁺, and VOCH₃⁺ with water and methanol were investigated in detail. All ions are observed to preferentially activate the C-O bond in methanol, however C-H and O-H bond cleavage are also observed. The addition of the oxo, hydroxo, and methoxo ligands is found to significantly effect the intrinsic reactivity of the ions, relative to V⁺. The reactions of V(CO)₅⁻ with a wide variety of molecules have revealed mechanistic details of the oxidative addition and ligand switching reactions. Steric effects are proposed to account for the selective reactivity of V(CO)₅⁻ with alcohols and amines. Studies of ligand substitution reactions support an electron transfer initiated mechanism, implying that V(CO)₅⁻ has a triplet ground state and a trigonal bipyramidal structure. The chlorine atom transfer reactions of V(CO)₅⁻ with chloromethanes display a correlation with C-CI bond strength, suggesting the mechanism is initiated by oxidative addition of the C-C1 bond or involves a direct chlorine atom transfer. The decomposition of metallocarboxylate anions ([M(CO)ₓ₋₁CO₂]⁻) was studied in an effort to understand the production of CO₂ by metal carbonyl compounds, proposed as intermediates in the Water-Gas shift reaction. The nascent [M(CO)ₓ₋₁C0₂]⁻*, formed by nucleophilic addition of 0⁻ to M(CO)ₓ (M=Pe, Cr, V), is observed to undergo exclusive loss of CO₂ without subsequent decomposition of the product metal carbonyl anion (M(CO)ₓ₋₁⁻) The reaction of P AHs with O⁻ and O₂⁻ were studied, to investigate the potential of isomer differentiation by chemical ionization. These reactions are characterized by a number of reactive pathways, demonstrating the ability to distinguish isomers which cannot be differentiated by other ionization techniques. Kinetic energy release measurements of the S(N)2 reactions of F⁻ with CH3CI, C₆H₅CI, and CH₃COCl have been made using KEICR. The F⁻/CH₃Cl reaction results in a non-statistical energy disposal. The reaction is proposed to proceed by a direct mechanism.
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Jiang, Wen. "Zwitterionic Separation Materials for Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis : Synthesis, Characterization and Application for Inorganic Ion and Biomolecule Separations." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-153.
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Fancy, Sally-Ann. "Physical and analytical applications of ion trapping techniques." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311226.
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Motalane, Mpempe Paulus. "Analytical determination of fluorides in South African chemical gypsum." Thesis, Access to E-Thesis, 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04302005-100153/.
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Berg, Josephine. "An Ion-Selective Electrode for Detection of Ammonium in Wastewater Treatment Plants." Thesis, KTH, Kemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298183.
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Att följa ammonium i reningsverk är avgörande för att förbättra reningsprocessen och kontrollera flödet av föroreningar ut till ekosystemet. Jonselektiva elektroder (ion-selective electrodes, ISEs) är en lovande teknik inom området, där polymermembran baserade på nonactin är de mest studerade membranen för ammoniumsensorer. Membranet droppas tillsammans med ett jon-till-elektron transducerande material på ett elektrodsubstrat av grafit eller glasartat kol. Nonactin-baserade jonselektiva elektroder har typiskt en detektionsgräns inom storleksordningen 10-5 M, men uppvisar betydande kaliuminterferenser. Ett elektrodsystem baserat på grafitelektroder, inkluderande en ISE och en referenselektrod (RE), studerades i detta examensarbete. De jonselektiva elektroderna producerades genom att droppa jon-till-elektron trandsducerande funktionella flerväggiga kolnanotuber (functional multiwalled carbon nanotubes, f-MWCNTs) lösta i tetrahydrofuran (THF) och en membrancocktail innehållande polyvinylklorid (PVC), mjukgörare och nonactin löst i THF på grafitelektroder. Membranet täcktes sedan med en buffrad polyvinylalkohol (PVA) hydrogel med pH 7 och ett gas-permeabelt membran. Referenselektroderna producerades genom att droppa en membrancocktail av polyvinylbutyral (PVB) mättat med NaCl på grafitelektroder. Jonselektiva elektroder med f-MWCNTs som jon-till-elektron transducerande lager och ett PVC-baserat ammonium-selektivt membran med nonactin producerades framgångsrikt. Elektroderna hade en detektionsgräns i storleksordningen 10-5 M, vilket kan jämföras med tidigare artiklar publicerade inom området. Ytterligare producerades PVB-baserade referenselektroder mättade med NaCl framgångsrikt. Referenselektroderna uppvisade små variationer när koncentrationer av olika salt varierades. Arbetet visade att det gaspermeabla membranet Hyflon AD i kombination med en PVA hydrogel inte var lämplig i den föreslagna konfigurationen, då hålrum formades i torkningsprocessen av det gaspermeabla membranet och membranet delaminerade. Det föreslogs att beteendet kunde vara en konsekvens av inkompatibilitet mellan PVC och det gaspermeable membranet, till följd av deras skillnad i polaritet.<br>Monitoring ammonium in wastewater is vital to improve the treatment process and monitor the release of the pollutant into the ecosystem. Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is a promising technique in the area where the ISE is often based on a polymeric membrane containing the ionophore nonactin. The polymeric ion-selective membrane is drop-cast onto graphite or glassy carbon electrode substrates together with an ion-to-electron transducing layer. Nonactin-based ISEs typically demonstrate a limit of detection (LOD) in the range of 10-5 M, but exhibit significant potassium interferences. A solid-state system based on graphite electrodes, including an ISE and a reference electrode (RE), was investigated in this study. The ISEs were produced by drop-casting ion-to-electron transducing functional multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) dispersed in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and a membrane cocktail comprising poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), plasticizer, and nonactin dispersed in THF onto graphite electrodes. The membrane was then covered with a buffered poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel of pH 7 and a gas-permeable membrane (GPM). The solid-state RE was produced by drop-casting a poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) membrane cocktail saturated with NaCl onto the graphite electrode. ISEs using f-MWCNTs as ion-to-electron transducers and a PVC-based ammonium-sensitive membrane with nonactin were successfully produced. The electrodes exhibited LODs in the range of 10-5 M, which is comparable to previous articles published on the subject. Additionally, PVB-based solid-state REs saturated with NaCl were successfully produced. The reference electrodes exhibited minor influences when varying the concentrations of various salts. The study showed that the GPM Hyflon AD combined with a PVA hydrogel was not suitable in this configuration, as air voids were formed in the drying process, and the membrane was easily delaminated. It was suggested that this behavior could be a consequence of the incompatibility of PVC and the GPM due to their difference in polarity.
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Koeniger, Stormy Lee Ann. "Multidimensional ion mobility spectrometry coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3230539.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2006.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 5, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: B, page: 4395. Adviser: David E. Clemmer.
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Clarke, Nigel J. "Analytical and computational studies in ion trap mass spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282487.
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Cool, Lydia R. "Identifying and Distinguishing Isomers Using Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1460470683.
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Zimmermann, Carolyn M. "Applications of Quadrupole Ion Traps." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1273176681.
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Jonsson, Alexander. "Investigation of pore size effects at separation of oligonucleotides using Ion-pair RP HPLC : Examining of how the particle pore size of the stationary phase affects separations of oligonucleotides in therapeutic range." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-73367.
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Oligonucleotides may become a new class of therapies with the potential of curing many today untreatable diseases. Oligonucleotides becomes increasingly more difficult to separate with an increase in length since the relative difference in retention of these very similar compounds becomes increasingly smaller. Therefore, coelution of impurities formed during synthesis may result in insufficient purity, which is necessary for therapeutic treatments. Oligonucleotides are also relatively large biomolecules, possibly consisting of hundreds of nucleotides. As a result, oligonucleotides may have limited diffusion through the stationary phase pores which affects separation performance. Surprisingly few studies have be published in this research area and a wider knowledge in how this affects separation is needed. In this master thesis, separation of deoxythymidine oligonucleotides with 5-30 mers in length were separated with 60, 100, 200 and 300 Å pore size reversed phase C4 columns. It was concluded that pore size resulted in more restricted diffusion if insufficient pore size was used. Poor peak performance was also observed with too large pore sizes which lead to less efficient separations.
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Sirois, Martin. "The assignment of gas phase ion structures and fragmentation mechanisms by mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10954.
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The interpretation of mass spectra has made great progress over the past decade, as experimental methods have been developed for assigning structures to organic ions in the gas phase. This thesis describes the important experiments in gas phase ion chemistry whose correct interpretation can lead to the assignment of structures, and the elucidation of fragmentation mechanisms of organic positive ions. The low energy fragmentations of five isomeric [H3,C,N,O 2]+· ions. The low energy fragmentation characteristics of the [H3,C,N,O2]+· isomers, H3CNO2+·, 1, H2C=N(O)OH+·, 2, H3CONO +·, 3, HC(O)NHOH+·, 4, and HC(OH)=NOH+·, 5, were studied in detail by metastable ion mass spectrometry. Appearance energy measurements established the potential energy surface of the isomers 1, 2 and 3 showing the intricate interrelation between them. For isomers 4 and 5, it was concluded that they do not intercommunicate with ions 1, 2 and 3 prior to fragmentation. Neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry indicated that the enol form of formohydroxamic acid structures as well as the keto analogue are stable in the gas phase. The neutral counterparts of the C2H7O + isomers. The neutral counterparts of the C2H 7O+ isomers, CH3O+(H)CH 3, CH3CH2OH2+ and C 2H4···H-OH2+ have been studied by means of neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry. It was observed that the internal energy of protonated dimethyl ether ions is directly related to the stability of the neutrals generated by electron transfer, and on their dissociation. With regard to CH3CH 2OH2+ and C2H4···H-OH 2+, it was concluded that the former ion can be obtained as a neutral species in the gas phase, whereas the latter isomer could not be produced as a neutral species. Classical and non-classical forms of the ethyl cation and their participation in the ions RO+(C2H5)R'. Oxonium ions formed via ion/molecule reactions between several oxygen centered molecules and the ethyl cation were studied. Significant H/D mixing in these oxonium ions was observed only when a labeled ethyl cation was reacted with a non-labeled ROR' molecule. The degree of H/D mixing depends only on the size of R and R', being independent of the observational timeframe from 1-30 mus. When non-labeled ethyl cations were reacted with labeled ROR' molecules, H/D mixing was not observed. The results were interpreted as arising from the classical and non-classical forms of the ethyl cation having different reactivities with ethers of different sizes. Homologous hydrogen-bridged intermediates R1R 2O···H···C(O)R3 from ionized beta-hydroxyethers. The unimolecular dissociations of several beta-hydroxyethers and some of their isotopomers were studied by metastable ion and collision induced dissociation mass spectrometry. It was found that molecular ions of the form R1OCH(R2)CH(OH)R 3 yield protonated ethers, R1O+(H)R2 , via intermediates of the type R1R2O···H···C(O)R 3+·.
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Kaplan, Desmond Allen Glish Gary L. "Improvements to the analytical performance of ion trap mass spectrometry." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,245.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry." Discipline: Chemistry; Department/School: Chemistry.
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Ware, Nilesh Rambhau. "Select studies in analytical modeling of supplier evaluation and selection." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2016. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/6964.
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Smith, Richard Alan Paul. "Photoemission and tunnelling microscopy studies of graphite and argon ion irradiated graphite." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269571.
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Molano-Arévalo, Juan Camilo. "Conformational Dynamics of Biomolecules by Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry Dynamics." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3647.
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One of the main goals in structural biology is to understand the folding mechanisms and three-dimensional structure of biomolecules. Many biomolecular systems adopt multiple structures as a function of their microenvironment, which makes them difficult to be characterized by traditional structural biology tools (e.g., NMR, X-ray crystallography). As an alternative, complementary tools that can capture and sample multiple conformations needed to be developed. In the present work, we pioneered the application of a new variant of ion mobility spectrometry, trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS), which provides high mobility resolving power and the possibility to study kinetically trapped intermediates as a function of the starting solution (e.g., pH and organic content) and gas-phase conditions (e.g., collisional activation, molecular dopants, hydrogen/deuterium back-exchange). When coupled to mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS), action spectroscopy (IRMPD), molecular dynamics and biochemical approaches (e.g., fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy), a comprehensive description of the biomolecules dynamics and tridimensional structural can be obtained. These new set of tools were applied for the first time to the study of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD), Nicotineamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD), globular protein cytochrome c (cyt c), the 31 knot YibK protein, 52 knot ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase (UCH) protein, and the 61 knot halo acid dehydrogenase (DehI) protein.
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ADAMASHVILI, NINO. "Big data analytics tools for improving the decision-making process in agrifood supply chain." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/11369/425167.
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Introduzione: Nell'interesse di garantire una sicurezza alimentare a lungo termine di fronte a circostanze mutevoli, è necessario comprendere e considerare gli aspetti ambientali, sociali ed economici del processo di produzione. Inoltre, a causa della globalizzazione, sono stati sollevati i problemi delle lunghe filiere agroalimentari, l'asimmetria informativa, la contraffazione, la difficoltà di tracciare e rintracciare l'origine dei prodotti e le numerose questioni correlate quali il benessere dei consumatori e i costi sanitari. Le tecnologie emergenti guidano verso il raggiungimento di nuovi approcci socioeconomici in quanto consentono al governo e ai singoli produttori agricoli di raccogliere ed analizzare una quantità sempre crescente di dati ambientali, agronomici, logistici e danno la possibilità ai consumatori ed alle autorità di controllo della qualità di accedere a tutte le informazioni necessarie in breve tempo e facilmente.
Obiettivo: L'oggetto della ricerca riguarda lo studio delle modalità di miglioramento del processo produttivo attraverso la riduzione dell'asimmetria informativa, rendendola disponibile alle parti interessate in un tempo ragionevole, analizzando i dati sui processi produttivi, considerando l'impatto ambientale della produzione in termini di ecologia, economia, sicurezza alimentare e qualità di cibo, costruendo delle opportunità per le parti interessate nel prendere decisioni informate, oltre che semplificare il controllo della qualità, della contraffazione e delle frodi. Pertanto, l'obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di studiare le attuali catene di approvvigionamento, identificare le loro debolezze e necessità, analizzare le tecnologie emergenti, le loro caratteristiche e gli impatti sulle catene di approvvigionamento e fornire utili raccomandazioni all'industria, ai governi e ai policy maker.<br>Introduction: In the interest of ensuring long-term food security and safety in the face of changing circumstances, it is interesting and necessary to understand and to take into consideration the environmental, social and economic aspects of food and beverage production in relation to the consumers’ demand. Besides, due to the globalization, the problems of long supply chains, information asymmetry, counterfeiting, difficulty for tracing and tracking back the origin of the products and numerous related issues have been raised such as consumers’ well-being and healthcare costs. Emerging technologies drive to achieve new socio-economic approaches as they enable government and individual agricultural producers to collect and analyze an ever-increasing amount of environmental, agronomic, logistic data, and they give the possibility to the consumers and quality control authorities to get access to all necessary information in a short notice and easily.
Aim: The object of the research essentially concerns the study of the ways for improving the production process through reducing the information asymmetry, making it available for interested parties in a reasonable time, analyzing the data about production processes considering the environmental impact of production in terms of ecology, economy, food safety and food quality and build the opportunity for stakeholders to make informed decisions, as well as simplifying the control of the quality, counterfeiting and fraud. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study current supply chains, to identify their weaknesses and necessities, to investigate the emerging technologies, their characteristics and the impacts on supply chains, and to provide with the useful recommendations the industry, governments and policymakers.
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Veltkamp, David James. "Energy dependent ion scattering spectroscopy : a chemometric study of its analytical utility /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8584.
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Wong, Ka Chun. "Focused Ion Beam Nanomachining of Thermoplastic Polymers." Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3538536.
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<p> Commercially available Ga<sup>+</sup> focused ion beam (FIB) instruments with nanometer size probe allows for in situ materials removal (sputtering) and addition (deposition) on a wide range of material. These spatially precise processes have enabled a wide range of nanofacbrication operations (e.g. specimen preparation for analysis by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and secondary ion mass spectrometer). While there exists an established knowledge of FIB methods for sample preparation of hard materials, but FIB methodology remain underdeveloped for soft materials such as biological and polymeric materials. </p><p> As FIB is increasingly utilized for specimen preparation of polymeric materials, it is becoming necessary to formulate an information base that will allow established FIB techniques to be generalized to this spectrum of materials. A thorough understanding of the fundamental ion-solid interactions that govern the milling process can be instrumental. Therefore, in an effort to make the existing procedures more universally applicable, the interrelationships between target material, variable processing parameters, and process efficiency of the milling phenomena are examined. The roles of beam current, distance (i.e. step size) between successive FIB beam dwell and the time it spent at each dwell point (i.e. pixel dwell time) are considered as applied to FIB nanomachining of four different thermoplastic polymers: 1. low density polyethylene (LDPE), 2. high density polyethylene (HDPE), 3. Polystyrene (PS), and 4. nylon 6 (PA6). Careful characterization of such relationships is used to explain observed phenomena and predict expected milling behaviors, thus allowing the FIB to be used more efficiently with reproducible results. Applications involving different types of polymer composite fiber are presented.</p>
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Green, Philip Spencer. "Biochemical applications of electrospray ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250112.
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Banks, Mark Lavoir 1960. "Detection of decontamination solution chelating agents using ion selective coated-wire electrodes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278120.
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It is the purpose of this thesis to explore the feasibility of using coated-wire electrodes to measure chelating agent concentration. Chelating agents are often found in radioactive decontamination solutions because they aid in the removal of radionuclides from contaminated surfaces by increasing their solubility. However, this characteristic will also enhance the mobility of the radionuclide and thus its transport out of a waste disposal site. Coated-wire ion selective electrodes, based on a polyvinylchloride membrane using dioctylphthalate as a plasticizer and dinonylnaphthalene-sulfonic acid as a counterion, were constructed for five commonly utilized chelating agents (ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), citric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid). The EDTA and NTA electrodes' calibration characteristics exhibited acceptable behavior in pure standard solutions. From data obtained while using the EDTA and NTA electrodes in a cement environment, further research needs to be done in the area of ion interference.
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Nylander, Julia. "The dependence of chromatographic conditions for separation of oligonucleotides in different AEX-HPLC columns." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278851.
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Oligonucleotides (ONs) are widely used in different applications in life science, forensic, in i.e. family tree DNA test for humans and in diagnostic applications in several fields. The use of ONs in biopharmaceutical therapeutic areas also generates new challenges handling more complex molecules which results in the need of further developed analytical techniques. Anion exchange chromatography (AEX) is a common separation technique for biomolecules and is based on charge attraction between the analyte and the stationary phase. The chromatographic system is complex and often high pH and a high salt concentration is needed for the elution to occur, which in some systems can be corrosive for both the column and the instrument. The aim of this study was to evaluate new mobile phase compositions with lower salt concentrations, organic modifier, and usage of a buffer to increase the control of the pH. This was done by evaluation of three columns developed for AEX and uses different chemical and methodical modification of the mobile phase to control the retention to the stationary phase. The influence of pH, temperature, and methanol (MeOH) content in the buffer were studied by evaluation of resolution, asymmetry, and efficiency responses. Three oligonucleotides with 16, 18 and 19 T-bases in the chain were used in the study of three AIE columns. High pH, elevated temperature and the addition of an organic modifier were used for unfolding of the oligonucleotide chain and generating more efficient separations. Other parameters such as gradient slope and initial concentration of the eluting buffer were also studied, and the findings clearly show that the chromatographic conditions influence the resolution, asymmetry, and efficiency.<br>Oligonukleotider används i flera olika branscher som forensik och inom life sience till diagnostiska och medicinska applikationer. Eftersom applikationsområdena ökar och forskningen går framåt så blir molekylerna mer komplexa, vilket i sin tur kräver att dom analytiska teknikerna också behöver utvecklas. En vanlig separationsteknik för biomolekyler är anjonbyteskromatografi, då den bygger på laddningsattraktion mellan analyten och den stationära fasen. Oligonukleotider har en negativ nettoladdning på grund av den negativt laddade fosfatgruppen i kedjan. Genom att modifiera de kemiska egenskaperna i den mobila fasen är det därför möjligt att i viss grad kontrollera retentionen till den stationära fasen. Då det kromatografiska systemet är komplext och det ofta behövs högt pH och/eller en hög saltkoncentration för eluering av analyten kan det i vissa system verka korrosivt för både kolonnen och instrumentet. Det initiala målet med detta arbete var att ta fram olika mobila faser med lägre saltkoncentration, organiskt lösningsmedel och användande av buffer för att kontrollera pH. Detta gjordes genom att utvärdera den kromatografiska kapaciteten hos tre olika anjonbyteskolonner samt använda olika kemiska- och metodiska modifieringar av den mobila fasen för att kontrollera analytens retention. Mer specifikt så kommer påverkan av pH, temperatur och innehåll av metanol i den mobila fasen att studeras genom att utvärdera upplösning, asymmetri och effektivitet i de erhållna kromatogrammen. Analytmixen innehåller tre olika oligonukleotider vilka består av 16, 18 eller 19 T-baser i sekvensen. Genom att höja pH, temperatur och innehåll av metanol i den mobila fasen påvisas mer effektiva separationer. Andra faktorer som gradientlutning och initialkoncentration av den eluerande fasen studeras också med goda resultat när det gäller dess påverkan på upplösning, asymmetri och effektivitet.
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Lemire, Sharon Warford. "Rigorous analytical applications of liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30026.
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Su, Jong Hea Roland. "An analytical and fundamental study of focused ion beam optical spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388042.
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Malkar, Aditya. "Analytical methods based on ion mobility and mass spectrometry for metabolomics." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14524.
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Travelling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) in combination with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) has been applied successfully for the untargeted, global metabolic profiling of biofluids such as mouse plasma and saliva. Methods based on UHPLC-MS alone and in combination with ion mobility spectrometry (UHPLC-IM-MS) have been developed and validated for the untargeted metabolite profiling of saliva, obtained non-invasively by passive drool. Three separate metabolic profiling studies have been carried out in conjunction with bioinformatics strategies to identify potential metabolomic biomarker ions that are associated with efficacy of rice bran in colorectal cancer, physiological stress and that have the potential for the diagnosis of asthma. The advantages offered by the utility of ion mobility in UHPLC-MS based metabolic profiling studies, including the increased analytical space, mass spectral clean-up of contaminants such as PEG post-UHPLC-IM-MS analysis, enhancement of the selectivity of targeted metabolites as well as the potential for the identification of metabolites by comparison of ion mobility drift times have been highlighted. Ten potential metabolic biomarker ions of asthma have been identified from the moderate asthmatics from untargeted metabolite profiling of saliva by UHPLC-MS. A predictive model based on partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) has been constructed using these ten discriminant ions, which demonstrates good predictive capability for moderate asthmatics and controls. Potential metabolic biomarker ions of physiological stress have been identified through untargeted metabolite profiling analysis of saliva samples collected before and after exercise by UHPLC-IM-MS. Valerolactam has been identified as a potential biomarker of physiological stress from saliva by comparison of retention time, ion mobility drift time and MS/MS spectra with a standard of δ-valerolactam.
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Quinn, Anne Marie. "The determination of lithium and strontium ions using electroneutral-carrier, poly(vinyl chloride)-membrane, ion-selective elecrtrodes /." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61794.
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Rezai, Arash. "Evaluation of development methods for mobile applications : Soundhailer’s site and iOS application." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191124.
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To remain competitive and successful in today’s globalized market, companies need a strategy to ensure that they are constantly at the leading edge in terms of products and services. The implementation of a mobile application is one approach to fulfill this requirement. This report describes an overview of the topic, by introducing briefly today’s development tools for mobile application development and subsequently focusing on the Soundhailer application, as the application done by the author. The problem in focus is to find out whether a native or web-based application is preferred for an iOS application production strategy for a start-up company. Moreover, the report delivers an insight into a well-structured method that works good for setting up measuring points for a website, also Soundhailer’s, and the factual realization of a development tool for iOS development. This insight is based on a lot of help from a former student of the Royal Institute of Technology, who has had some previous experience within the area. To show prospective similarities and differences between theory and reality, the experiences are subsequently compared to the theoretical part. Finally, the results are critically discussed. Two versions of the application were developed, both a native version and a web-based version, and the results show that both native and web-based applications can be convenient solutions for companies to implement and use. The results also provide a foundation upon which others can build and better understand how an iOS application is used and developed.<br>För att förbli konkurrenskraftiga och framgångsrika i dagens globaliserade marknad, behöver företagen en strategi för att se till att de ständigt är i framkant när det gäller produkter och tjänster. Att framställa en mobilapplikation är ett av många sätt för att nå upp till detta krav. Denna rapport ger en överblick över ämnet genom att först gå igenom dagens utvecklingsverktyg för mobilapplikationer och därefter fokusera på företaget Soundhailers mobilapplikation, eftersom denne har utvecklats av undertecknad. Problemet i fokus består av att ta reda på om en hårdvarukodad eller webbaserad applikation är att föredra för produktionsstrategin av en iOSapplikation för ett start-up-företag. Dessutom ger rapporten en inblick i en välstrukturerad metod som fungerar bra för att inrätta mätpunkter för en webbplats, med fokus på Soundhailers webbplats, samt det faktiska genomförandet av ett utvecklingsverktyg för iOS-utveckling. Denna insikt bygger på en hel del hjälp från en före detta elev på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan som har tidigare erfarenheter inom området. För att sedan visa potentiella likheter och skillnader mellan teori och verklighet jämförs erfarenheterna med den teoretiska delen. Slutligen diskuteras resultaten kritiskt. Två versioner av applikationen har utvecklats, både en hårdvarukodad version och en webbaserad version, och resultaten visar att både hårdvarukodade och webbaserade applikationer kan vara praktiska lösningar som företag kan implementera och använda sig av. Resultaten ger också en grund på vilken andra kan bygga vidare på samt en bättre förståelse för hur en iOSapplikation kan användas och utvecklas
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Du, Chen. "Architectural Characterization of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1525355186538632.
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Zhao, Mingchuan. "Electrochemical Studies of Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1004388277.
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Angelico, Vincent James. "The development of a mass spectrometry-based technique that uses low energy ion-surface collisions to characterize surfaces." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280148.
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Low energy (tens of eV) ion-surface collisions carried out in a tandem mass spectrometer are investigated as a tool to characterize self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films. The target films are prepared by spontaneous chemisorption of thiol-based (HS-R) compounds onto Au (111) substrates. Most of the films used as targets contain alkane or fluoro-alkane backbones, some with unique groups in the terminal position (e.g., -CD₃, -OH, -OC(O)CF₃). Pyrazine is the most frequently used probe ion, however in certain cases other small organic molecules are also used. Common interactions between the impinging ion and the target film that vary as a function of film characteristics include, but are not limited to, reactive scattering, neutralization and T → V conversion. Pyrazine ion readily reacts when colliding with hydrocarbon films at 20-eV, forming product ions that incorporate a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Several examples of the utility of these processes to characterize film properties are presented. For hydrocarbon films, ion-surface reactions of pyrazine ion resulting in addition of a hydrogen atom or a methyl group are shown to vary with the quality, chemical composition and orientation of the target film. Experiments with isotopically labeled films show that the ion beam interacts predominantly with the end groups of the film, however interactions with underlying groups increase as the film or substrate quality decreases. The orientation difference of odd and even chain length n-alkanethiols produces a measurably different degree of hydrogen addition with the higher free energy odd chain length orientation being more reactive. The composition of mixed component films (H, D or H, F) is tracked by measuring the abundance of unique reaction products, energy transfer (translational to vibrational conversion) and charge exchange properties. When mixed films containing deuterium labeled and unlabeled n-alkanethiols are subjected to collisions of 20-eV pyrazine ion, the D-addition ion abundance increases linearly with the surface concentration of D-containing alkane chains. When mixed films containing different ratios of H and F components are the target, several processes track with the changing population of surface species. As the target films become more fluorocarbon in nature H-addition decreases, total ion current reaching the detector increases, and dissociation increases. Several properties of electron transfer from the film to the ion are examined. When the probe ion and collision energy remain consant, charge exchange is shown to be primarily governed by the work function of the film and the thickness of the adsorbed layer. Fluorocarbon films, which have a higher work function than hydrocarbon films, consistently show less charge exchange. When comparing hydrocarbon films of varying chain lengths (ranging from 15 to 18 carbons), a increase of ∼1% in total ion current measured at the detector is observed for each additional methylene in the chain.
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Gu, Chungang. "Reactive ion-surface collisions with terminally labeled Langmuir-Blodgett films and mechanistic investigation of peptide fragmentation by surface-induced dissociation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284023.
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Two major lines of investigation, both involving collisions of ions with organic thin films on metal, are described in this dissertation. The first topic involves studies of low-energy (e.g., 10-250 eV) ion-surface interactions with Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) films labeled at the outermost surface carbon atom, either by isotopes (deuterium or 13C) or by fluorine. The L-B films are prepared from the labeled fatty acids. The ion-surface collision results suggest that the outermost surface atoms/groups are the main determinant of energy transfer, electron transfer, and ion-surface reactions for polyatomic projectile ions (e.g., benzene, pyrazine). The results presented in this highly interdisciplinary area could be of interest to ion chemists, surface scientists, molecular physicists, physical chemists and others. In addition, the results promise a novel surface characterization technique using ion-surface interactions in the future. The second research topic involves studies that utilize surface-induced dissociation (SID) for mechanistic investigations of peptide fragmentation. Easily prepared self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols or fluoroalkanethiols on gold are used in SID of peptides. A long-term goal associated with the work on peptide fragmentation is to provide improved and additional predictive rules of peptide dissociation for the computer-aided interpretation of MS/MS spectra in MS-based high throughput peptide/protein sequencing. For example, MS/MS results of fixed-charge derivatized peptides unequivocally demonstrate that in the absence of an available mobile proton, selective cleavages at the peptide bond immediately C-terminal to an Asp residue (Asp-Xxx), initiated by the Asp side chain acidic hydrogen, dominate the MS/MS spectra. SID on a series of dendrimers was also performed to investigate the effect of different charge states on the ion fragmentation. The dendrimers serves as model compounds that have a number of protonation sites with similar gas-phase basicities compared to peptides that have a more heterogeneous population of basic sites. In contrast to previously reported results for multiply protonated peptides of comparable size and charge states, no dependence of SID characteristic collision energy on the charge state of the dendrimers is observed. This supports the idea that it is a mobile proton available to the amide group moiety, instead of simply an additional positive charge, that promotes the lower energy cleavage of peptide bonds.
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Myung, Sunnie. "Developing ion mobility methods for studying structure and assembly of biomolecules." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3238509.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2006.<br>"Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 16, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-10, Section: B, page: 5718. Adviser: David E. Clemmer.