Academic literature on the topic 'IoT and Sensors'
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Journal articles on the topic "IoT and Sensors"
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Guo, Yixuan, and Gaoyang Liang. "Perceptual Feedback Mechanism Sensor Technology in e-Commerce IoT Application Research." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 28, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3840103.
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With the development of sensor technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the trend of miniaturization of sensors has prompted the inclusion of more sensors in IoT, and the perceptual feedback mechanism among these sensors has become particularly important, thus promoting the development of multiple sensor data fusion technologies. This paper deeply analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of sensory data and the new problems faced by the processing of sensory data under the new trend of IoT, deeply studies the acquisition, storage, and query of sensory data from the sensors of IoT in e-commerce, and proposes a ubiquitous storage method for massive sensory data by combining the sensory feedback mechanism of sensors, which makes full use of the storage resources of IoT storage network elements and maximally meets the massive. In this paper, we propose a ubiquitous storage method for massive sensing data, which makes full use of the storage resources of IoT storage network elements to maximize the storage requirements of massive sensing data and achieve load-balanced data storage. In this paper, starting from the overall development of IoT in recent years, the weak link of intelligent information processing is reinforced based on the sensory feedback mechanism of sensor technology.
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Doke, Arnav, and Akhilesh Awate. "Smart Sensors and their Applications in IoT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (2022): 2370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41138.
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Abstract: Smart sensors have a significant role to play in the Modern Era. Sensors play a vital role for effective functioning of Internet of Things (IOT) systems as they play the key role of data collection. Sensor should be Robust, Reliable, Accurate, Precise, and sensitive and for IoT specific application they should also exhibit remote operating characteristics. Emerging technologies like IoT, ML, etc. demand sensors that can be used for smart applications. In IoT, objects are equipped with sensors, actuators and are inter connected with computing systems. This enables the data collection on the basis of which optimized decisions can be taken. The shift towards smart systems is of paramount importance as they show significant increase in efficiency and have contributed towards safe and sustainable solutions. The way to increase the efficiency of IoT Enabled Systems is not only to use new generation sensors but also to implement them in a more efficient and effective manner. This paper shows how IoT is benefitting from advancements in sensor technology. In this paper we will be focussing on sensors and its types with an IoT oriented Application. Keywords: Smart Sensors; Internet of Things; Infrared Sensor; Pressure Sensor; Temperature Sensor; Proximity Sensor; Humidity Sensor; Gyroscope Sensor.
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Rahman, Shaik Anees Ur. "IOT BASED ATMOSPHERE MONITORING SYSTEM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem46152.
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Abstract—This project presents an advanced air monitoring system based on the Node MCU platform designed to mea- sure and report various environmental parameters. The system integrates multiple sensors including air quality, temperature, humidity, pressure, and rain sensors. The integration of the Wi- Fi module facilitates seamless data transfer from time to time to the central database, allowing remote access to weather data from a website or mobile application. User-friendly regular weather analysis. Air quality sensors detect pollutants and specific con- taminants to provide information on air quality. Temperature and humidity sensors monitor atmospheric conditions, which are important for applications from agricultural planning to weather forecasting. Pressure sensors collect information about the atmo- sphere that is important for weather forecasting. Rain gauges can also measure rainfall, providing important information for water research and water management. Upload to cloud-based storage. This information is then processed and accessed through user-friendly interfaces on web browsers and mobile devices. Users can view current weather and historical data to support decisions based on accurate and timely information. The use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology increases the accuracy and reliability of weather data collection by improving the ability to provide continuous monitoring and instant updates. Temperature and humidity sensors, rain sensors, air quality sensors, pressure sensors, and light sensors. Index Terms—Internet of Things, Wi-Fi, temperature humidity sensor, Rainfall sensor, Air Quality sensor, Pressure sensor, Light sensor.
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Blinova, Tatiana, Sanjay Singh Chauhan, Tara Singla, Shweta Bansal, Apeksha Mittal, and V. Sahithi Yellanki. "Performance Evaluation of IoT Sensors in Urban Air Quality Monitoring: Insights from the IoT Sensor Performance Test." BIO Web of Conferences 86 (2024): 01088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248601088.
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In this paper, we report on extensive experiments conducted to evaluate Internet of Things (IoT) sensor performance in monitoring urban air quality. As certified sensors showed a considerably reduced air quality measurement error of 4.3% compared to uncalibrated sensors at 8.5%, our results highlight the crucial function of sensor calibration. The performance of sensors was impacted by environmental factors; higher temperatures produced better accuracy (3.6%), while high humidity levels caused sensors to react more quickly (2.3 seconds). The average air quality index (AQI) recorded by inside sensors was 45, but outside sensors reported an AQI of 60. This indicates that the positioning of the sensors had a substantial influence on the air quality data. Additionally, the methods of data transmission were examined, and it was found that Wi-Fi-transmitting sensors had lower latency (0.6 seconds) and data loss (1.8%) than cellular-transmitting sensors. These results emphasize the significance of environmental factors, sensor placement strategy, sensor calibration, and suitable data transmission techniques in maximizing IoT sensor performance for urban air quality monitoring, ultimately leading to more accurate and dependable air quality assessment.
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Martina Edi Putra, I. Made, Pande Ketut Sudiarta, and Widyadi Setiawan. "Perancangan Sistem Pemantauan Peternakan Ayam Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) dengan Cisco packet tracer 7.0." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 6, no. 3 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2019.v06.i03.p03.
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To maintain temperature stability in chickens, it is generally done by visiting the cage regularly. However, as technology develops, many have implemented the Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is a concept that certain objects have the ability to transmit data over a network without any human interaction. ne of the IoT applications is in the chicken livestock monitoring system. Chicken breeds at the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Udayana University have not implemented an IoT system. To implement the IoT system, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, motion sensors, room heaters, air conditioners are needed. Where the temperature sensor and humidity sensor function to monitor and forwarded through a micro controller that has been applied to the program so that the heating and air conditioning work at the set temperature. This IoT system can be simulated in advance to ensure the system runs well before it is applied to the actual media. Cisco Packet Tracer v7.0 is an application that supports IoT simulation using Visual Block Programing. The simulation results on motion sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, room heaters, and air conditioners work well in the simulation, but the temperature sensor and humidity sensor readings are not precise due to bugs from the application.
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Kumari, Pilli Lalitha, Allanki Sanyasi Rao, and K.Jamberi. "Effective Communication between IoT Devices using Machine Learning." International Journal of Scientific Methods in Intelligence Engineering Networks 01, no. 05 (2023): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.58599/ijsmien.2023.1501.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) consisting of several interconnected sensors capable of transferring the data over the network without human involvement. All these interconnected sensors can be managed through internet remotely. The Sensors connected in the networks are deployed randomly and are mobile in nature. The loss of sensor’s energy occurs due to the mobility nature, communication between the sensors and operations performed. The perfectly suitable sensor nodes as relay nodes and Cluster Heads (CH), and energy efficient path to the Base Station (BS) should be selected at each and every stage in the IoT network for effective communication. This paper presenting the method for effective communication between IoT Devices using ML comprising of Sensor Deployment, Clustering, Data Aggregation, Data Routing, and Reconstruction. In this paper for maximum coverage across the BS, relay sensors are deployed in hexagonal fashion. The sensors in the network transmit the diverse data and data aggregation is performed at CH level by machine learning algorithm that is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to effectively routing the data over the network and dimensionality of the data is reduced with the Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The effective communication is established here by reducing the residual nodes. The total of 600 mobile sensor nodes and 12 relay sensor nodes are considered in the simulation of this work by the Network Simulation-3 (NS-3), only 42 joules energy is consuming over 200 milliseconds with network life time of 3000 milliseconds.
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Bahatskji, Oleksiy, and Valentyn Bahatskji. "Review and Analysis of the Characteristics of IoT Sensors." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 4 (December 4, 2023): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.23.4.8.
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Internet of things (IoT) is the concept of data transmission network between physical objects ("things"), equipped with built-in tools and technologies for interaction with each other or with the environment. The work is devoted to the inspection and analysis of sensors, how the IoT systems are associated with environmental objects. IOT uses a wide class of measurement tools, from elementary sensors (eg, temperature, pressure, light), consumption metering devices (such as intellectual meters) to complex integrated measuring systems. The parameters of 30 types of sensors for IoT are given, 2 of them of the type of temperature and humidity sensors, 2 type of pressure sensors, 13 sensors that measure the flow and amount of gas or liquid, 2 type of accelerometers, 10 approach and movement sensors and 1 noise sensor. Among them are 4 sensors for wireless sensory networks (WSM), a single-time medical sensor for internal blood pressure measurement, calorimetric, vortex and electromagnetic flow sensors and gas or fluid, accelerometer, and memes of memes, and e-memometers, and electromagnetic measurement motion, a device of measuring noise level in the range of sound vibrations. For some sensors, there are no metrological characteristics at all, at best there is only a range of measurements and resolution. The resolution ranges from 8 bits to 16 bits with a signal sampling rate from 0.5 Hz to 48 kHz. There is even a LDC1612 digital induction chip with 28 bits. WSM sensors are designed to work with DigiMesh, LoraWan and Arduino, Raspberry. Many sensors use outdated RS 232, RS 432, I2C. Keywords: internet of things, network, review, analysis, sensors, objects, metrology.
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K, ASWIN. "IoT-BASED COAL MINE WORKER MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33384.
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The coal mining industry faces numerous occupational hazards, with worker safety being a paramount concern. In response to this challenge, this paper proposes an IOT-based Coal Mine Worker Monitoring System (CMWMS) designed to enhance the safety and well-being of coal miners. The system integrates wearable sensors, wireless communication, and data analytics to continuously monitor vital signs, environmental conditions, and location information of mine workers in real time. Through the deployment of wearable devices equipped with sensors for measuring physiological parameters such as heart rate, body temperature, and respiratory rate, along with environmental sensors for detecting gas levels and ambient temperature, the CMWMS provides comprehensive monitoring capabilities. Data collected from these sensors are transmitted wirelessly to a central monitoring station where sophisticated algorithms analyze the information for early detection of potential health risks or hazardous conditions. Additionally, the system incorporates geo-location technology to track the movements of miners within the mine, enabling rapid response in case of emergencies such as accidents or cave-ins. By providing timely alerts and actionable insights, the IOT-based CMWMS empowers mine operators to proactively manage safety risks, mitigate accidents, and safeguard the well-being of coal mine workers. This paper discusses the architecture, components, and functionalities of the proposed system, along with its potential impact on improving safety standards in the coal mining industry. Keywords: Internet of Things, Temperature Sensor, Smoke Sensor, Humidity Sensor, Arduino Microcontroller
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Matsuo, Keita, and Leonard Barolli. "IoT sensors management system using Agile-Kanban and its application for weather measurement and electric wheelchair management." International Journal of Web Information Systems 16, no. 3 (2020): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwis-06-2020-0036.
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Purpose Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors are rapidly increasing in the word. They are connecting to the internet and are generating vast packets in the network. Thus, the networks could be congested, and the performance will degrade. For this reason, it is important to decrease the number of transmitted packets. Agile is a technique to develop the software and manage the work efficiently. Kanban is a method to support Agile development. The purpose of this paper is to propose an IoT sensors management system considering Agile–Kanban and show its application for weather measurement and electric wheelchair management. Design/methodology/approach The authors present the design and implementation of two systems and show the measurement device, data communication failure and experimental results. Findings The proposed Agile–Kanban system can manage a large amount of IoT sensors and can decrease the IoT sensor’s consumption power thus increasing the IoT sensor lifetime. Originality/value By experimental results, the authors have shown that the proposed systems have good performance and can control the IoT devices efficiently.
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Dangat, Prof M. T. "Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT)." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (2024): 2721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59103.
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Abstract: Industrial Internet of Things (IOT) is a part of IOT (Internet of Things) technology that has provided an opportunity to build powerful industrial system and applications by using different I0T devices like sensors, actuators, Resistance Temperature Detectors, pH analyzers, Level Transmitters, RFIDs, wireless and mobile devices. High-speed internet has given a new hike in development of IOT devices, as it makes remote access facility at ease. Various IOT applications and systems have been developed and deployed in recent years. To understand the development of IOТ technology, this study addresses IIOT concepts through a systematic review of various white papers, research papers and online database.Abstract: Industrial Internet of Things (IOT) is a part of IOT (Internet of Things) technology that has provided an opportunity to build powerful industrial system and applications by using different I0T devices like sensors, actuators, Resistance Temperature Detectors, pH analyzers, Level Transmitters, RFIDs, wireless and mobile devices. High-speed internet has given a new hike in development of IOT devices, as it makes remote access facility at ease. Various IOT applications and systems have been developed and deployed in recent years. To understand the development of IOТ technology, this study addresses IIOT concepts through a systematic review of various white papers, research papers and online database.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "IoT and Sensors"
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Olsson, Alexander. "Meshnetwork of wireless IoT sensors." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-122908.
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The Internet of things is a scenario where devices such as lighting, household appliances, sensors etc. are connected and communicate with each other via Internet. This puts a demand for a good infrastructure around these devices. One way to handle this is to use radio as a means of communication and let the devices forward each other's traffic in what is known as a mesh network. This thesis explores different radio standards that can be used to create a mesh network for sensors. Two different approaches to mesh networking using Bluetooth Low Energy was implemented and evaluated. One approach works by letting all devices broadcast every message they receive, a rather brute force approach. The other approach worked by letting the network find routes between all the nodes in the network and then establishes a connection between the nodes that want to communicate via intermediate nodes. It was found that the rebroadcast approach in idle mode used 3.36 mAh while the connection approach used 0.47 mAh for the same configuration. Another test was performed where the percentage of successfully delivered messages was measured. For the rebroadcast approach it was 75 % and for connection it was 58 %. Tweaking the connection network to not be able to adapt to changes increased the throughput to 77 %. During the testing numerous ways for improving performance were thought of but not implemented. The need for synchronizing the devices clocks and establishing protocol for when to send and receive became apparent when working with the rebroadcast network. In the connection network there were problems with that the routing maintenance led to unavailable units and reduced performance.<br>Sakernas internet, Internet of Things är ett scenario där elektriska apparater så som belysning, hushållsmaskiner, sensorer mm är anslutna och kommunicerar med varandra via internet. Men så många anslutna enheter ställer stora krav på infrastrukturen kring enheterna. Ett sätt att lösa problemen kring infrastruktur är att låta enheterna kommunicera via radio och låta dem vidarebefordra varandras datatrafik i en typ av nätverkstopologi som kallas för meshnätverk. Det här examensarbetet utforskar möjliga radiostandarder som kan användas för att skapa ett meshnätverk för just sensorer. Två typer av meshnätverk implementerades med Bluetooth Low Energy och deras styrkor och svagheter utvärderades. En av dessa gick ut på att enheterna i nätverket sände ut meddelanden som alla kunde ta och sedan att de som lyckades ta emot i sin tur sände meddelandena vidare. Det är en enkel metod som är lätt att implementera.Den andra metoden gick ut på att nätverket tog reda på sin konfiguration och vilken rutt som ska tas via andra enheter för att nå den man vill. När enheterna sen vill kommunicera så upprättar de en anslutning via enheterna längs rutten. Två saker som jämfördes mellan metoderna var strömförbrukning och andel lyckade sändningar. För samma nätverk så drog återsändnings nätverket 3.36 mA och anslutningsnätverket 0.47 mA. Antalet lyckade sändningar testades i ett annat scenario och där kom 75 % av meddelanden i återsändningsnätverket fram och motsvarande siffra för anslutningsnätverket var 58\%. Vidare testades det att stänga av utbytet av rutt information och sökningar efter nya enheter i anslutningsnätverket och då kom 77 % av meddelanden fram. I återsändningsnätverket insåg man att det fanns ett behov av att synkronisera klockorna i enheterna och etablera ett protokoll för hur när man ska sända och ta emot.I anslutningsnätverket så uppstod problem med att enheterna blev otillgängliga när de synkroniserade sin konfiguration vilket ledde till försämrad prestanda.
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Alhuttaitawi, Saif. "Storage System for Harvested Energy in IoT Sensors." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18291.
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This work presents an energy system design for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) after applying our design the WSN should theoretically have an infinite lifetime. Energy harvesting sources can provide suitable energy for WSN nodes and reduce their dependence on battery. In this project, an efficient energy harvesting and storage system is proposed. By using (two supercapacitors and four DC/DC converters with step up /step down capabilities) all of them controlled by Microcontroller via switches to consider the best way to save energy to keep the WSN alive as long as possible. The usage of supercapacitors as an energy buffer to supply the sensor components (microcontroller and radio) with energy it needs to work. We could control the energy flow according to a specific voltage levels in supercapacitors to guaranty the full functionality for WSN with minimizing the loss of energy, and that’s leads to long time life for the wireless sensor node WSN. Another important thing we find in our experiment that is the inner leakage of the supercapacitor and how it has a critical effect on how long it can serve our system with energy. This paper contains on two theoretical sections (Part one and part two) which are based on literature reviews, and one experimental section (Part three) based on experimental building the prototype, coding and testing.
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Klasson, Anders, and Johan Rosengren. "Industrial IoT Management Systemfor Tubes with Integrated Sensors." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-237412.
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Sandvik har utvecklat en teknik för att placera sensorer i rör. Denna teknik har stor marknadspotential och kan effektivisera många industriprocesser. Den färdiga tjänsten ska kunna strömma sensordata till molntjänster för analys och avläsning.Deras nuvarande system kräver idag manuell konfiguration på plats och är komplicerad att installera. Denna uppsats undersöker hur systemets utrustning kan konfigureras automatiskt och hur ett system för underliggande IT-tjänster skulle kunna fungera.En lösning presenteras där många delar av installationsprocessen har automatiserats, samt en skiss för ett underliggande system.Lösningen utvärderas genom att utföra en mätning av konfigureringskomplexitet. Slutsatsen av utvärderingen var att det utvecklade system hade utökad funktionalitet, jämfört med dagens manuella tillvägagångssätt, och var inte mer komplex att konfigurera. I många avseenden mindre komplex.<br>Sandvik has developed a technique to place sensors inside tubes. This technology has great market potential and can optimize many industrial processes. The finished product should be able to stream sensor data to cloudservices for analysis and reading.The current system requires manual configuration on-site and the installation is labor intensive. This thesis investigates how the system’s hardware can be configured atomically, and how a supporting IT-system could function.A solution is presented where large portion of the installation process has been automated, along with an outline for a supporting system.The solution is evaluated by performing a measurement of the configuration complexity. The evaluation shows that the developed system had increased functionality compared to today’s manual configuration, configuration complexity was not increased. In many aspects, the configuration complexity was reduced.
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Jean, Paul Bambanza. "iSEE:A Semantic Sensors Selection System for Healthcare." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-59635.
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The massive use of Internet-based connectivity of devices such as smartphones and sensors has led to the emergence of Internet of Things(IoT). Healthcare is one of the areas that IoT-based applications deployment is becoming more successful. However, the deployment of IoT in healthcare faces one major challenge, the selection of IoT devices by stakeholders (for example, patients, caregivers, health professionals and other government agencies) given an amount of available IoT devices based on a disease(for ex-ample, Asthma) or various healthcare scenarios (for example, disease management, prevention and rehabilitation). Since healthcare stakeholders currently do not have enough knowledge about IoT, the IoT devices selection process has to proceed in a way that it allows users to have more detailed information about IoT devices for example, Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, cost, availability(manufacturer), device placement and associated disease. To address this challenge, this thesis work proposes, develops and validates a novel Semantic sEnsor sElection system(iSEE) for healthcare. This thesis also develops iSEE system prototype and Smart Healthcare Ontology(SHO). A Java application is built to allow users for querying our developed SHO in an efficient way.The iSEE system is evaluated based on query response time and the result-set for the queries. Further, we evaluate SHO using Competency Questions(CQs). The conducted evaluations show that our iSEE system can be used efficiently to support stakeholders within the healthcare domain.
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Boada, Navarro Martí. "Battery-less near field communications (nfc) sensors for internet of things (iot) applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669433.
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L’ implementació de la tecnologia de comunicació de camp proper (NFC) en els telèfons intel·ligents no para de créixer degut a l’ús d’aquesta per fer pagaments, això, junt amb el fet de poder aprofitar l’energia generada pel mòbil no només per la comunicació, sinó també per transmetre energia, el baix cost dels xips NFC, i el fet de que els telèfons tinguin connectivitat amb internet, possibilita i fa molt interesant el disseny d’etiquetes sense bateria incorporant-hi sensors i poder enviar la informació al núvol, dins del creixent escenari de l’internet de les coses (IoT). La present Tesi estudia la viabilitat d’aquests sensors, analitzant la màxima distància entre lector i sensor per proveir la potència necessària, presenta tècniques per augmentar el rang d’operació, i analitza els efectes de certs materials quan aquests estan propers a les antenes. Diversos sensors han estat dissenyats i analitzats i son presentats en aquest treball. Aquests son: Una etiqueta que mesura la humitat de la terra, la temperatura i la humitat relativa de l’aire per controlar les condicions de plantes. Un sensor per detectar la humitat en bolquers, imprès en material flexible que s’adapta a la forma del bolquer. Dues aplicacions, una per estimació de pH i una altre per avaluar el grau de maduració de fruites, basats en un sensor de color. I, per últim, s’estudia la viabilitat de sensors en implants per aplicacions mèdiques, analitzant l’efecte del cos i proposant un sistema per augmentar la profunditat a la que aquests es poden llegir utilitzant un telèfon mòbil. Tots aquests sensors poden ser alimentats i llegits per qualsevol dispositiu que disposin de connexió NFC.<br>La implementación de la tecnología de comunicaciones de campo cercano (NFC) en los teléfonos inteligentes no para de crecer debido al uso de esta para llevar a cabo pagos, esto, junto con el hecho de poder aprovechar la energía generada por el móvil no sólo para la comunicación, sino también para transmitir energía, el bajo coste de los chips NFC, i el hecho que los teléfonos tengan conectividad a internet, posibilita y hace muy interesante el diseño de etiquetas sin batería que incorporen sensores i poder enviar la información a la nube, enmarcado en el creciente escenario del internet de las cosas (IoT). La presente Tesis estudia la viabilidad de estos sensores, analizando la máxima distancia entre lector i sensor para proveer la potencia necesaria, presenta técnicas para aumentar el rango de operación, y analiza los efectos de ciertos materiales cuando estos están cerca de las antenas. Varios sensores han sido diseñados y analizados y son presentados en este trabajo. Estos son: Una etiqueta que mide la humedad de la tierra, la temperatura y la humedad relativa del aire para controlar las condiciones de plantas. Un sensor para detectar la humedad en pañales, impreso en material flexible que se adapta a la forma del pañal. Dos aplicaciones, una para estimación de pH y otra para evaluar el grado de maduración de frutas, basados en un sensor de color. Y, por último, se estudia la viabilidad de sensores en implantes para aplicaciones médicas, analizando el efecto del cuerpo y proponiendo un sistema para aumentar la profundidad a la que estos se pueden leer usando un teléfono móvil. Todos estos sensores pueden ser alimentados y leídos por cualquier dispositivo que disponga de conexión NFC.<br>The implementation of near field communication (NFC) technology into smartphones grows rapidly due the use of this technology as a payment system. This, altogether with the fact that the energy generated by the phone can be used not only to communicate but for power transfer as well, the low-cost of the NFC chips, and the fact that the smartphones have connectivity to internet, makes possible and very interesting the design of battery-less sensing tags which information can be sent to the cloud, within the growing internet of things (IoT) scenario. This Thesis studies the feasibility of these sensors, analysing the maximum distance between reader and sensor to provide the necessary power, presents techniques to increase the range of operation, and analyses the effects of certain materials when they are near to the antennas. Several sensors have been designed and analysed and are presented in this work. These are: a tag that measures the soil moisture, the temperature and the relative humidity of the air to control the conditions of plants. A moisture sensor for diapers, printed on flexible material that adapts to the diaper shape. Two applications, one for pH estimation and another for assessing the degree of fruit ripening, based on a colour sensor. And finally, the feasibility of sensors in implants for medical applications is studied, analysing the effect of the body and proposing a system to increase the depth at which they can be read using a mobile phone. All of these sensors can be powered and read by any NFC enabled device.
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ABBATANGELO, MARCO. "IOT Mox sensors array for industry 4.0 and food quality control." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/544089.
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Aguiari, Davide. "Named Data Networking in IoT based sensor devices." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13297/.
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In a world running on a “smart” vision, the Internet of Things (IoT) progress is going faster than ever.
The term “things” is not just about computer, people and smartphone, but also sensors, refrigerators, vehicles, clothing, food and so on.
Internet of Things is the possibility to provide an IP address for every item, so it will have an interface on the Internet network. The household devices will not just being commanded and monitored remotely then, but they will have an active main character role, establishing a communication network between them.
The thesis will begin describing a general overview, the state of art, of the IoT world and of sensors networks, checking its potential and any restrictions, if present. Then, every engineering aspect of the realized project, will been described in detail.
This thesis will also prove that nowadays we have the right items and components for the realization of reliable low-cost sensors.
The ultimate purpose is to verify the introduction of new network protocols like NDN (Named Data Networking) to evaluate their performances and efficiency.
Finally I will propose the simulations output obtained by NS3 (Network Simulator): a scenario simulation using NDNSim and ChronoSync application will be present.
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Almqvist, Joel, Björn Detterfelt, Tim Håkansson, et al. "Realtidsmultiplayerspel på IoT-backend." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149042.
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This report presents a project carried out for the company Cybercom by eight students from Linköping University. The aim of the project has been to develop a real-time multiplayer game using an existing system for communication between different devices. The game has been developed as a web app that contains multiple game modes. The specific development methodology that has been used throughout the project is presented in this report. This methodology has been iterative, agile and followed a simplified version of the Scrum framework. The end result of the project is a well functioning product that directly creates value for the customer, but also allows for further development.<br>I denna rapport presenteras ett projekt för företaget Cybercom utfört av åtta studenter från Linköpings universitet. Projektet har gått ut på att utveckla ett realtidsspel som använder sig av ett existerande system för kommunikation mellan enheter. Spelet har utvecklats som en webbapplikation och innehåller flera olika spellägen. I det genomförda projektet har en modifierad, nedskalad variant av arbetsmetodiken Scrum följts och denna presenteras i rapporten. Utvecklingen har därmed varit iterativ och agil. Resultatet av projektet är en väl fungerande produkt som direkt skapar värde för kunden, men även tillåter smidig vidareutveckling.
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Vallefuoco, Chiara. "IoT sensors in cultural heritage buildings for real-time BIM-based information management." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
Find full textAbstract:
The production of BIM models of heritage constructions opens a broad road of opportunities for integrated data management in day-to-day operation of asset, covering several interesting aspects, such as conservation and predictive/corrective maintenance, room usage, asset tracking amongst others. However, in the same way as new buildings are becoming more and more self-monitored, so can heritage buildings, through wireless and low-consumption devices for such purposes based on the widespread existence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This is still a topic that has deserved little attention in the literature because of the inherent pluridisciplinarity that it carries and requires.
The proposed method is comprised of three main components: IoT system, relational database, and BIM. The first component, the IoT system, is a smartboard associated with a microcontroller. The microcontroller is used to communicate air temperature, pressure, humidity, and gas resistance data in individual rooms. The smartboard is connected to temperature and humidity sensors for collecting the environmental data. The time interval of saving sensor data in a database can be increased or decreased by a user as required. The microcontroller can also host a variety of wireless communication protocols (e.g., Bluetooth, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi). The second component is a relational database developed in the MySQL environment to house and update the captured sensors data. The microcontroller can be coded to store and transfer sensors data to the database at predetermined time intervals. The third component is the BIM-based model of a building. The BIM model is used as a central model to visualize and monitor the environmental data of rooms remotely and increase the monitoring process’s speed.
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Jonarv, Hultgren Susanne, and Philip Tennevall. "Saving resources through smart farming : An IoT experiment study." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-17968.
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Context: Smart farming, agritech, is growing in popularity and is starting to develop rapidly with some already existing technology that is implemented in agriculture for both industrial and private use. Objectives: The goal of this thesis is to investigate the benefits and issues with implementing technology in agriculture, agritech. In this thesis the investigation and research is performed by conduction a literature study and an experiment. Realization: A prototype was created to monitor the soil moisture level and calculating the average soil moisture value, then water the plants when needed. This was then compared to a manually watered pot to investigate if agritech could reduce the water usage when maintaining plants. Results: The result of the experiment indicates that it is possible to improve the use of resources such as human labor, time spent on maintaining the plants and water usage. Conclusions: The conclusion of this thesis is with the help of agritech, human workers can spend more time on other tasks and maintain the technology implemented. Instead of observing the plants to see if they need watering and watering them manually. Water usage may also be minimized with the help of sensors that make sure the plants only get watered when needed by constantly checking the soil moisture level.
Books on the topic "IoT and Sensors"
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Yasuura, Hiroto, Chong-Min Kyung, Yongpan Liu, and Youn-Long Lin, eds. Smart Sensors at the IoT Frontier. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55345-0.
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Dubey, Ashwani Kumar, Vijayan Sugumaran, and Peter Han Joo Chong, eds. Advanced IoT Sensors, Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1312-1.
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Sagar, Subhash, Adnan Mahmood, and Quan Z. Sheng. Towards Resilient Social IoT Sensors and Networks. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60701-1.
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Mondal, Aniruddha, and Arindam Biswas. Hybrid Nanostructures as Solid-State Sensors for IoT. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003464211.
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Pradhan, Biswajeet, and Subhas Mukhopadhyay, eds. IoT Sensors, ML, AI and XAI: Empowering A Smarter World. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-68602-3.
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Harpe, Pieter, Kofi A. A. Makinwa, and Andrea Baschirotto, eds. Hybrid ADCs, Smart Sensors for the IoT, and Sub-1V & Advanced Node Analog Circuit Design. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61285-0.
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Ahad, Md Atiqur Rahman, Anindya Das Antar, and Masud Ahmed. IoT Sensor-Based Activity Recognition. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51379-5.
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Nayak, Padmalaya, Souvik Pal, and Sheng-Lung Peng, eds. IoT and Analytics for Sensor Networks. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2919-8.
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Suzuki, Yasuo. Preparation and application of ion sensors. Meiji Daigaku Kagaku Gijutsu Kenkyūjo, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "IoT and Sensors"
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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "IoT Architecture." In IoT Sensors. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374442-1.
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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "IoT Protocols and Platforms." In IoT Sensors. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374442-2.
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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "IoT Sensors for Factory Automation-I." In IoT Sensors. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374442-4.
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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "IoT Sensors for Smart Homes and Offices." In IoT Sensors. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374442-3.
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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "IoT Sensors for Factory Automation-II." In IoT Sensors. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374442-5.
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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "IoT Sensors for Energy-Efficient Power Grid." In IoT Sensors. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374442-7.
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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "IoT Sensors for Precision Agriculture and Farming." In IoT Sensors. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374442-9.
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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "IoT Sensors for Logistics, Fleet Management, and Retail Stores." In IoT Sensors. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374442-10.
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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "IoT Sensors for Remote Health Monitoring." In IoT Sensors. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374442-8.
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Khanna, Vinod Kumar. "IoT Sensors for Smart City." In IoT Sensors. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003374442-11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "IoT and Sensors"
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Almansouri, Abdullah S. "A Binary Frequency Shift Keying Chipless RFID IoT Switch." In 2024 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10784619.
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Luna, Jocellyn, Steven Santillan, Jose Zapata, Francheska Iñiguez, and Jose Cordova-Garcia. "HayIoT: An IoT Standardization Architecture." In 2024 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas60918.2024.10636603.
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Oda, Yumeto, Toshihiro Okajima, and Yukihiro Kamiya. "A Low Speed Sampling Method Applicable to IoT Data Analysis." In 2024 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10784505.
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Galindo Talhami, Ema Aracely, Orlando Aguiluz, and Martín Martínez-Rangel. "Low Cost CO2 Sensor Prototype with IoT." In I Conferencia Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-w5htxr.
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This prototype of a CO2 sensor with Internet of Things (IoT) offers an affordable solution for measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in parts per million (ppm). It utilizes specialized sensors to detect CO2 concentrations in the environment. The prototype combines multiple CO2 measurement sensors with an Arduino microcontroller to process the collected data and provide comprehensible ppm CO2 readings. Additionally, an ESP-32 has been incorporated to enable IoT connectivity, allowing for the transmission of CO2 readings to a cloud platform. This platform displays the most recent readings and maintains a brief history of previous measurements, providing real-time insights into CO2 conditions and a record for analysis. A noteworthy feature of this prototype is its buoy system, which enables operation in aquatic environments while minimizing the risk of submersion, ensuring that the sensor remains on the water’s surface without direct contact with the liquid.
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Soler-Fernández, Juan Luis, Omar Romera, Angel Dieguez, J. Daniel Prades, and Oscar Alonso. "An Ultra-Low Power System-on-Chip for IoT Sensing Nodes." In 2024 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10784673.
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Lambert, Parker, and Yuzhang Zang. "Micro Energy Harvesting for IoT Sensors." In 2024 IEEE INC-USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (Joint with AP-S Symposium). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/inc-usnc-ursi61303.2024.10632530.
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Doglioni, Maria, Roberto La Rosa, Matteo Nardello, and Davide Brunelli. "Energy Harvesting Strategies for Plant Microbial Fuel Cells in Sustainable IoT Applications." In 2024 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10784498.
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Awasthi, Ankita, Astha Rangare, Roshni Kaushik, Varad Shinde, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, and Jose Immanuel. "IoT Based Smart Spectacles Integrated with Mobile App for Tech-Neck Posture Correction." In 2024 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10784559.
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Pandey, Vikas, Ankur Gupta, Sudhiranjan Tripathy, and Mahesh Kumar. "IoT-Enabled hBN/AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor for Carbon Dioxide Monitoring." In 2024 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10784655.
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Cappelli, Irene, Lorenzo Parri, Marco Tani, Marco Mugnaini, Valerio Vignoli, and Ada Fort. "Pervasive IoT Monitoring of CO2 for Smart Agriculture." In 2024 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas60918.2024.10636364.
Full textReports on the topic "IoT and Sensors"
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Niles, Kendall, Jason Ray, Kenneth Niles, Andrew Maxwell, and Anton Netchaev. Monitoring for analytes through LoRa and LoRaWAN technology. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49457.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of a communication network utilizing Long Range (LoRa) low-power wide-area network protocol for the telemetry of detected target chemicals. The sensor platform under development allows traditional electrochemical techniques to be executed with a low Size, Weight, and Power (low SWaP) system that is deployable using an autonomous or remote-controlled vehicle. Once in the field, the sensors communicate target chemical concentrations to a centralized gateway through LoRa to an Internet of Things (IoT) network. Researchers are currently deploying the prototype network for field testing of each node's sensing, meshing, and communication capabilities throughout all weather climates. Developing a robust and dynamic sensor network to monitor the environment and provide a live data feed to detect chemicals of interest in the environment eliminates the need for direct human interaction. The low power consumption of LoRa allows the network nodes to be deployed for an extended amount of time on a single battery supply.
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Leathers, Emily, Clayton Thurmer, and Kendall Niles. Encryption for edge computing applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48596.
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As smart sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) exponentially expand, there is an increased need for effective processing solutions for sensor node data located in the operational arena where it can be leveraged for immediate decision support. Current developments reveal that edge computing, where processing and storage are performed close to data generation locations, can meet this need (Ahmed and Ahmed 2016). Edge computing imparts greater flexibility than that experienced in cloud computing architectures (Khan et al. 2019). Despite these benefits, the literature highlights open security issues in edge computing, particularly in the realm of encryption. A prominent limitation of edge devices is the hardware’s ability to support the computational complexity of traditional encryption methodologies (Alwarafy et al. 2020). Furthermore, encryption on the edge poses challenges in key management, the process by which cryptographic keys are transferred and stored among devices (Zeyu et al. 2020). Though edge computing provides reduced latency in data processing, encryption mechanism utilization reintroduces delay and can hinder achieving real-time results (Yu et al. 2018). The IoT is composed of a wide range of devices with a diverse set of computational capabilities, rendering a homogeneous solution for encryption impractical (Dar et al. 2019). Edge devices are often deployed in operational locations that are vulnerable to physical tampering and attacks. Sensitive data may be compromised if not sufficiently encrypted or if keys are not managed properly. Furthermore, the distributed nature and quantity of edge devices create a vast attack surface that can be compromised in other ways (Xiao et al. 2019). Understanding established mechanisms and exploring emerging methodologies for encryption reveals potential solutions for developing a robust solution for edge computing applications. The purpose of this document is to detail the current research for encryption methods in the edge computing space and highlight the major challenges associated with executing successful encryption on the edge.
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Sonmez Turan, Meltem. Ascon-Based Lightweight Cryptography Standards for Constrained Devices. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2025. https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.800-232.
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In 2023, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced the selection of the Ascon family of algorithms designed by Dobraunig, Eichlseder, Mendel, and Schläffer to provide efficient cryptographic solutions for resource-constrained devices. This decision emerged from a rigorous, multi-round lightweight cryptography standardization process. The Ascon family includes a suite of cryptographic primitives that provide Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD), hash function, and eXtendable Output Function (XOF) capabilities. The Ascon family is characterized by lightweight, permutation-based primitives and provides robust security, efficiency, and flexibility, making it ideal for resource-constrained environments, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, embedded systems, and low-power sensors. The family is developed to offer a viable alternative when the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) may not perform optimally. This standard outlines the technical specifications and security properties of Ascon-AEAD128, Ascon-Hash256, Ascon-XOF128, and Ascon-CXOF128.
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Falconer, David G. L51774 Remote Sensing of Hazardous Ground Movement about Buried Gas Transmission Lines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011973.
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Reviews the available sensors for monitoring hazardous ground movement. Our review was limited to airborne and spaceborne sensors for access, performance, and productivity considerations. It was observed that certain ground movement is comparatively localized, e.g., earthquake faulting, while other activity may extend for thousands of kilometers, e.g., frost heave. Accordingly, we have considered two operating modes for the sensor-platform system, namely, site-by-site and continuous corridor. To determine the suitability of the candidate sensors for pipeline monitoring, we have assessed the expected performance, operational aspects, and cost of each sensor-platform combination as a function of operating mode. Finally, we have developed a business model for (1) operation of the recommended sensor systems by fee-for-service contractors; (2) analysis of the collected data by image-analysis specialists; and (3) use of the survey products by pipeline engineers.
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Simon, James E., Uri M. Peiper, Gaines Miles, A. Hetzroni, Amos Mizrach, and Denys J. Charles. Electronic Sensing of Fruit Ripeness Based on Volatile Gas Emissions. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568762.bard.
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An electronic sensory system for the evaluation of headspace volatiles was developed to determine fruit ripeness and quality. Two prototype systems were designed, constructed, and later modified. The first is an improved version of our original prototype electronic sniffer using a single head sensing unit for use as a single or paired unit placed on an individual fruit surface for applications in the field, lab, or industry. The second electronic sniffer utilizes a matrix of gas sensors, each selected for differential sensitivity to a range of volatile compounds. This system is more sophisticated as it uses multiple gas sensors, but was found to enhance the ability of the sniffer to classify fruit ripeness and quality relative to a single gas sensor. This second sniffer was designed and constructed for the sampling of fresh-cut or whole packs of fruits such as packaged strawberries and blueberries, and can serve as a prototype for research or commercial applications. Results demonstrate that electronic sensing of fruit ripeness based on aromatic volatile gas emissions can be used successfully with fresh frits. Aroma sensing was successful for classifying ripeness in muskmelons, including different cultivars, apples, blueberries, strawberries, and in a complimentary BARD project on tomatoes. This system compared favorably to the physicochemical measurements traditionally employed to assess fruit maturity. This nondestructive sensory system can detect the presence of physically damaged fruits and shows excellent application for use in quality assessment. Electronic sensors of the tin oxide type were evaluated for specificity toward a wide range of volatiles associated with fruit ripeness. Sensors were identified that detected a broad range of alcohols, aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons, and volatile sulfur compounds, as well as individual volatiles associated with fruit ripening across a wide concentration range. Sensors are not compound specific, thus, the matrix of sensors coupled with discrimination analysis provides a fingerprint to identify the presence of compounds and to assess alterations in fresh products due to alterations in volatile emissions. Engineering developments led to the development of a system to compensate for temperature and relative humidity relative to on-line aroma sensing with melons for ripeness determination and to reduce response time, thus permitting the electronic sniffer to be used for monitoring both fresh and processed food products. The sniffer provides a fast, reliable and nondestructive tool to assess fruit ripeness and quality. We hope that our work will foster the introduction and utilization of this emerging technology into the agricultural and horticultural
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Bendikov, Michael, and Thomas C. Harmon. Development of Agricultural Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591738.bard.
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In this 1-year feasibility study, we tried polymerization of several different monomers, commercial as well as novel, specially designed and synthesized for this project in the presence of the nitrate ion to produce imprinted conductive polymers. Polymers 1 and 2 (shown below) produced a response to nitrate, but one inferior to that produced by a polypyrrole (Ppy)-based sensor (which we demonstrated prior to this study). Thus, we elected to proceed with improving the stability of the Ppy-based sensor. In order to improve stability of the Ppy-based sensor, we created a two-layer design which includes nitrate-doped Ppy as an inner layer, and nitrate-doped PEDOT as the outer layer. PEDOT is known for its high environmental stability and conductivity. This design has demonstrated promise, but is still undergoing optimization and stability testing. Previously we had failed to create nitrate-doped PEDOT in the absence of a Ppy layer. Nitrate-doped PEDOT should be very promising for sensor applications due to its high stability and exceptional sensing properties as we showed previously for sensing of perchlorate ions (by perchlorate-doped PEDOT). During this year, we have succeeded in preparing nitrate-doped PEDOT (4 below) by designing a new starting monomer (compound 3 below) for polymerization. We are currently testing this design for nitrate sensing. In parallel with the fabrication design studies, we fabricated and tested nitrate-doped Ppy sensors in a series of flow studies under laboratory and field conditions. Nitrate-doped Ppy sensors are less stable than is desirable but provide excellent nitrate sensing characteristics for the short-term experiments focusing on packaging and deployment strategies. The fabricated sensors were successfully interfaced with a commercial battery-powered self-logging (Onset Computer Hobo Datalogger) and a wireless data acquisition and transmission system (Crossbow Technologies MDA300 sensor interface and Mica2 wireless mote). In a series of flow-through experiments with water, the nitrate-doped Ppy sensors were exposed to pulses of dissolved nitrate and compared favorably with an expensive commercial sensor. In 24-hour field tests in both Merced and in Palmdale, CA agricultural soils, the sensors responded to introduced nitrate pulses, but with different dynamics relative to the larger commercial sensors. These experiments are on-going but suggest a form factor (size, shape) effect of the sensor when deployed in a porous medium such as soil. To fill the need for a miniature reference electrode, we identified and tested one commercial version (Cypress Systems, ESA Mini-reference electrode) which works well but is expensive ($190). To create an inexpensive miniature reference electrode, we are exploring the use of AgCl-coated silver wire. This electrode is not a “true” reference electrode; however, it can calibrated once versus a commercial reference electrode at the time of deployment in soil. Thus, only one commercial reference electrode would suffice to support a multiple sensor deployment.
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Olsen. PR-179-07200-R01 Evaluation of NOx Sensors for Control of Aftertreatment Devices. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010985.
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Emissions reduction through exhaust aftertreatment is becoming more common. It is likely to play an important role in meeting new emissions regulations in the future. Currently, the predominate aftertreatment technology for NOX reduction in lean burn natural gas engines appears to be selective catalytic reduction (SCR). In SCR, a reducing agent is injected into the exhaust upstream of a catalyst. Supplying the optimal quantity of reagent is critical to effective application of SCR. If too little reagent is supplied then the NOx reduction efficiency may be too low. If too much reagent is provided then the ammonia slip may be too high. Control of reagent injection is an area where improvements could be made. In many current SCR systems, the rate of reagent injection is determined by engine loading. The relationship between engine loading and engine out NOX emission is determined during SCR system commissioning, and assumed to remain constant. Ideally, NOX emissions would be measured and used as feedback to the SCR system. It may also be advantageous to employ transient reagent injection based on time dependent variations in NOX mass flow in the exhaust. This would be possible with a fast response NOx sensor. Close loop engine control is an area of increasing importance. As regulatory emissions levels are reduced, compliance margins generally decrease. Precise control of air/fuel ratio and ignition timing become more critical. Cylinder-to-cylinder control of air/fuel ratio, ignition timing, and IMEP are also important. Advanced sensors are an enabling technology for more precise engine control. Ion sensing is an example of a technology that potentially can improve cylinder balancing and ignition timing. Cylinder-to-cylinder air/fuel ratio can be accomplished in several different ways. One approach would be to install individual sensors in the exhaust manifold, one for each cylinder. Ceramic based sensors (O2 and NOx) may be reliable enough at exhaust port temperatures. They are typically used in the exhaust of 4-stroke cycle engines, which have higher exhaust temperatures than 2-stroke cycle engines. Ceramic based NOx sensors have been under development for use, primarily, in Lean NOx Traps (LNTs). This technology is expected to be used on over-the-road Diesel truck engines in 2010. Therefore, the research effort has momentum. This provides an opportunity to capitalize on the efforts of another industry. In this project a NOx sensor will be evaluated using the SCR slipstream system on the GMV-4TF. The basic tasks are: 1. Identify commercial NOx sensors and procure most promising sensor 2. Design and modification of SCR slipstream system to accept sensors 3. Installation of sensors, sensor electronics, and data logging hardware and software 4. Sensor evaluation during SCR slipstream testing.
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Marshall, Amber, Krystle Turner, Carol Richards, Marcus Foth, Michael Dezuanni, and Tim Neale. A case study of human factors of digital AgTech adoption: Condamine Plains, Darling Downs. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227177.
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As global agricultural production methods and supply chains have become more digitised, farmers around the world are adopting digital AgTech such as drones, Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensors, blockchain, and satellite imagery to inform their on-farm decision-making. While early adopters and technology advocates globally are spruiking and realising the benefits of digital AgTech, many Australian farmers are reluctant or unable to participate fully in the digital economy. This is an important issue, as the Australian Government has said that digital farming is essential to meeting its target of agriculture being a $100billion industry by 2030. Most studies of AgTech adoption focus on individual-level barriers, yielding well-documented issues such as access to digital connectivity, availability of AgTech suppliers, non-use of ICTs, and cost-benefit for farmers. In contrast, our project took an ‘ecosystems’ approach to study cotton farmers in the Darling Downs region in Queensland, Australia who are installing water sensors, satellite imagery, and IoT plant probes to generate data to be aggregated on a dashboard to inform decision-making. We asked our farmers to map their local ecosystem, and then set up interviewing different stakeholders (such technology providers, agronomists, and suppliers) to understand how community-level orientations to digital agriculture enabled and constrained on-farm adoption. We identified human factors of digital AgTech adoption at the macro, regional and farm levels, with a pronounced ‘data divide’ between farm and community level stakeholders within the ecosystem. This ‘data divide’ is characterised by a capability gap between the provision of the devices and software that generate data by technology companies, and the ability of farmers to manage, implement, use, and maintain them effectively and independently. In the Condamine Plains project, farmers were willing and determined to learn new, advanced digital and data literacy skills. Other farmers in different circumstances may not see value in such an undertaking or have the necessary support to take full advantage of the technologies once they are implemented. Moreover, there did not seem to be a willingness or capacity in the rest of the ecosystem to fill this gap. The work raises questions about the type and level of new, digital expertise farmers need to attain in the transition to digital farming, and what interventions are necessary to address the significant barriers to adoption and effective use that remain in rural communities. By holistically considering how macro- and micro-level factors may be combined with community-level influences, this study provides a more complete and holistic account of the contextualised factors that drive or undermine digital AgTech adoption on farms in rural communities. This report provides insights and evidence to inform strategies for rural ecosystems to transition farms to meet the requirements and opportunities of Agriculture 4.0 in Australia and abroad.
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Beiker, Sven. Next-generation Sensors for Automated Road Vehicles. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023003.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This follow-up report to the inaugural SAE EDGE Research Report on “Unsettled Topics Concerning Sensors for Automated Road Vehicles” reviews the progress made in automated vehicle (AV) sensors over the past four to five years. Additionally, it addresses persistent disagreement and confusion regarding certain terms for describing sensors, the different strengths and shortcomings of particular sensors, and procedures regarding how to specify and evaluate them.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Next-gen Automated Road Vehicle Sensors</b> summarizes current trends and debates (e.g., sensor fusion, embedded AI, simulation) as well as future directions and needs.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Ratmanski, Kiril, and Sergey Vecherin. Resilience in distributed sensor networks. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45680.
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With the advent of cheap and available sensors, there is a need for intelligent sensor selection and placement for various purposes. While previous research was focused on the most efficient sensor networks, we present a new mathematical framework for efficient and resilient sensor network installation. Specifically, in this work we formulate and solve a sensor selection and placement problem when network resilience is also a factor in the optimization problem. Our approach is based on the binary linear programming problem. The generic formulation is probabilistic and applicable to any sensor types, line-of-site and non-line-of-site, and any sensor modality. It also incorporates several realistic constraints including finite sensor supply, cost, energy consumption, as well as specified redundancy in coverage areas that require resilience. While the exact solution is computationally prohibitive, we present a fast algorithm that produces a near-optimal solution that can be used in practice. We show how such formulation works on 2D examples, applied to infrared (IR) sensor networks designed to detect and track human presence and movements in a specified coverage area. Analysis of coverage and comparison of sensor placement with and without resilience considerations is also performed.