Academic literature on the topic 'IoT Middleware'
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Journal articles on the topic "IoT Middleware"
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Elkhodr, Mahmoud, Samiya Khan, and Ergun Gide. "A Novel Semantic IoT Middleware for Secure Data Management: Blockchain and AI-Driven Context Awareness." Future Internet 16, no. 1 (2024): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi16010022.
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In the modern digital landscape of the Internet of Things (IoT), data interoperability and heterogeneity present critical challenges, particularly with the increasing complexity of IoT systems and networks. Addressing these challenges, while ensuring data security and user trust, is pivotal. This paper proposes a novel Semantic IoT Middleware (SIM) for healthcare. The architecture of this middleware comprises the following main processes: data generation, semantic annotation, security encryption, and semantic operations. The data generation module facilitates seamless data and event sourcing, while the Semantic Annotation Component assigns structured vocabulary for uniformity. SIM adopts blockchain technology to provide enhanced data security, and its layered approach ensures robust interoperability and intuitive user-centric operations for IoT systems. The security encryption module offers data protection, and the semantic operations module underpins data processing and integration. A distinctive feature of this middleware is its proficiency in service integration, leveraging semantic descriptions augmented by user feedback. Additionally, SIM integrates artificial intelligence (AI) feedback mechanisms to continuously refine and optimise the middleware’s operational efficiency.
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Ali, Zulfiqar, Azhar Mahmood, Shaheen Khatoon, et al. "A Generic Internet of Things (IoT) Middleware for Smart City Applications." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (2022): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010743.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the key components of the ICT infrastructure of smart cities due to its great potential for intelligent management of infrastructures and facilities and the enhanced delivery of services in support of sustainable cities. Smart cities typically rely on IoT, where a wide variety of devices communicate with each other and collaborate across heterogeneous and distributed computing environments to provide information and services to urban entities and urbanites. However, leveraging the IoT within software applications raises tremendous challenges, such as data acquisition, device heterogeneity, service management, security and privacy, interoperability, scalability, flexibility, data processing, and visualization. Middleware for IoT has been recognized as the system that can provide the necessary infrastructure of services and has become increasingly important for IoT over the last few years. This study aims to review and synthesize the relevant literature to identify and discuss the core challenges of existing IoT middleware. Furthermore, it augments the information landscape of IoT middleware with big data applications to achieve the required level of services supporting sustainable cities. In doing so, it proposes a novel IoT middleware for smart city applications, namely Generic Middleware for Smart City Applications (GMSCA), which brings together many studies to further capture and invigorate the application demand for sustainable solutions which IoT and big data can offer. The proposed middleware is implemented, and its feasibility is assessed by developing three applications addressing various scenarios. Finally, the GMSCA is tested by conducting load balance and performance tests. The results prove the excellent functioning and usability of the GMSCA.
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Fremantle, Paul, and Philip Scott. "A survey of secure middleware for the Internet of Things." PeerJ Computer Science 3 (May 8, 2017): e114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.114.
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The rapid growth of small Internet connected devices, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), is creating a new set of challenges to create secure, private infrastructures. This paper reviews the current literature on the challenges and approaches to security and privacy in the Internet of Things, with a strong focus on how these aspects are handled in IoT middleware. We focus on IoT middleware because many systems are built from existing middleware and these inherit the underlying security properties of the middleware framework. The paper is composed of three main sections. Firstly, we propose a matrix of security and privacy threats for IoT. This matrix is used as the basis of a widespread literature review aimed at identifying requirements on IoT platforms and middleware. Secondly, we present a structured literature review of the available middleware and how security is handled in these middleware approaches. We utilise the requirements from the first phase to evaluate. Finally, we draw a set of conclusions and identify further work in this area.
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Park and Park. "A Cloud-based Middleware for Self-Adaptive IoT-Collaboration Services." Sensors 19, no. 20 (2019): 4559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204559.
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The middleware framework for IoT collaboration services should provide efficient solutions to context awareness and uncertainty issues among multiple collaboration domains. However, existing middleware frameworks are mostly limited to a single system, and developing self-adaptive IoT collaboration services using existing frameworks requires developers to take considerable time and effort. Furthermore, the developed IoT collaboration services are often dependent on a particular domain, which cannot easily be referenced in other domains. This paper proposes a cloud-based middleware framework that provides a set of cloud services for self-adaptive IoT collaboration services. The proposed middleware framework is generic in the sense that it clearly separates domain-dependent components from the layers that leverage existing middleware frameworks. In addition, the proposed framework allows developers to upload domain-dependent components onto the cloud, search for registered components, and launch Virtual Machine (VM) running a new MAPE cycle via a convenient web-based interface. The feasibility of the proposed framework has been shown with a simulation of an IoT collaboration service that traces a criminal suspect. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed middleware framework runs with an overhead of only 6% compared to pure Java-based middleware and is scalable as the number of VMs increases up to 16.
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Medeiros, Rodolfo, Sílvio Fernandes, and Paulo G. G. Queiroz. "Middleware for the Internet of Things: a systematic literature review." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 28, no. 1 (2022): 54–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jucs.71693.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) emerged to describe a network of connected things on a large scale to offer services to a large number of applications in different environments and domains. Middleware is software that seeks to facilitate the management and communication of all these things, providing the necessary functionalities to manage things, to discover, to compose services, and perform communication. For this reason, several proposals for middleware solutions for IoT have been developed. In this article, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to bring together middleware solutions for IoT, identifying the requirements and communication protocols used. In addition, we present some gaps and directions for future research in the development of IoT middleware.
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Medeiros, Rodolfo, Sílvio Fernandes, and Paulo G. G. Queiroz. "Middleware for the Internet of Things: a systematic literature review." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 28, no. (1) (2022): 54–79. https://doi.org/10.3897/jucs.71693.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) emerged to describe a network of connected things on a large scale to offer services to a large number of applications in different environments and domains. Middleware is software that seeks to facilitate the management and communication of all these things, providing the necessary functionalities to manage things, to discover, to compose services, and perform communication. For this reason, several proposals for middleware solutions for IoT have been developed. In this article, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to bring together middleware solutions for IoT, identifying the requirements and communication protocols used. In addition, we present some gaps and directions for future research in the development of IoT middleware.
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Alfalouji, Qamar, Thomas Schranz, Alexander Kümpel, et al. "IoT Middleware Platforms for Smart Energy Systems: An Empirical Expert Survey." Buildings 12, no. 5 (2022): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050526.
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Middleware platforms are key technology in any Internet of Things (IoT) system, considering their role in managing the intermediary communications between devices and applications. In the energy sector, it has been shown that IoT devices enable the integration of all network assets to one large distributed system. This comes with significant benefits, such as improving energy efficiency, boosting the generation of renewable energy, reducing maintenance costs and increasing comfort. Various existing IoT middlware solutions encounter several problems that limit their performance, such as vendor locks. Hence, this paper presents a literature review and an expert survey on IoT middleware platforms in energy systems, in order to provide a set of tools and functionalities to be supported by any future efficient, flexible and interoperable IoT middleware considering the market needs. The analysis of the results shows that experts currently use the IoT middleware mainly to deploy services such as visualization, monitoring and benchmarking of energy consumption, and energy optimization is considered as a future application to target. Likewise, non-functional requirements, such as security and privacy, play vital roles in the IoT platforms’ performances.
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Kolekar, Vikas K., Meet Oswal, Yash Wankhade, Gayatri Shirke, Archana Sondur, and Prajwal Wable. "Smart City IoT Data Management with Proactive Middleware." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 5s (2023): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i5s.6754.
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With the increased emergence of cloud-based services, users are frequently perplexed as to which cloud service to use and whether it will be beneficial to them. The user must compare various services, which can be a time-consuming task if the user is unsure of what they might need for their application. This paper proposes a middleware solution for storing Internet of Things (IoT) data produced by various sensors, such as traffic, air quality, temperature, and so on, on multiple cloud service providers depending on the type of data. Standard cloud computing technologies become insufficient to handle the data as the volume of data generated by smart city devices grows. The middleware was created after a comparative study of various existing middleware. The middleware uses the concept of the federal cloud for the purpose of storing data. The middleware solution described in this paper makes it easier to distribute and classify IoT data to various cloud environments based on its type. The middleware was evaluated using a series of tests, which revealed its ability to properly manage smart city data across multiple cloud environments. Overall, this research contributes to the development of middleware solutions that can improve the management of IoT data in settings such as smart cities.
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Park, Jong-Hyun. "An Intelligent Service Middleware Based on Sensors in IoT Environments." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 30, no. 04 (2020): 523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194020400033.
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In Internet of Things (IoT) environment, a number of sensors and devices exist and they have various and heterogeneous characteristics. Applications which provide a variety of services based on the sensors also have different service requirements. Therefore, a middleware that is located between sensors and application systems is needed for integrating two layers. This paper proposes a general purpose middleware for providing intelligent services based on heterogeneous sensors existing in IoT environment. The proposed middleware acquires and manages sensing data in real time. The middleware stores and manages heterogeneous sensors, node, and network metadata. Especially, the middleware in this paper includes a component for providing intelligent services based on inferencing the situation based on ontologies and rules.
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Taveras, Pedro. "A Systematic Exploration on Challenges and Limitations in Middleware Programming for IoT Technology." International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things 2, no. 2 (2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhiot.2018070101.
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In a distributed environment, such as IoT, the requirement for constant sensing and actuating from a diverse source of devices increases the complexity and therefore, the operational cost of the software required to keep the system running. The article covers the conceptual and technological aspects, together with a series of previous experiences, findings, and literature that constitute the essence of the body of knowledge related to the issues and challenges for developing a middleware that supports the IoT domain's independent functionality. The article provides the foundation to understand the challenges faced in the development of IoT middleware, focusing on five sensitizing elements, namely, IoT evolution, architecture, security, middleware, and programming. The systematic exploration on limitations for IoT software development revealed the need for programming methods and language abstractions to cope with the demands of IoT scenarios, specifically to deal with the challenges of massive communications, limited infrastructure, and multiplicity of devices.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "IoT Middleware"
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Zgheib, Rita. "SeMoM, a semantic middleware for IoT healthcare applications." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30250/document.
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De nos jours, l'internet des objets (IoT) connaît un intérêt considérable tant de la part du milieu universitaire que de l'industrie. Il a contribué à améliorer la qualité de vie, la croissance des entreprises et l'efficacité dans de multiples domaines. Cependant, l'hétérogénéité des objets qui peuvent être connectés dans de tels environnements, rend difficile leur interopérabilité. En outre, les observations produites par ces objets sont générées avec différents vocabulaires et formats de données. Cette hétérogénéité de technologies dans le monde IoT rend nécessaire l'adoption de solutions génériques à l'échelle mondiale. De plus, elle rend difficile le partage et la réutilisation des données dans d'autres buts que ceux pour lesquels elles ont été initialement mises en place. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons ces défis dans le contexte des applications de santé. Pour cela, nous proposons de transformer les données brutes issues de capteurs en connaissances et en informations en s'appuyant sur les ontologies. Ces connaissances vont être partagées entre les différents composants du système IoT. En ce qui concerne les défis d'hétérogénéité et d'interopérabilité, notre contribution principale est une architecture IoT utilisant des ontologies pour permettre le déploiement d'applications IoT sémantiques. Cette approche permet de partager les observations des capteurs, la contextualisation des données et la réutilisation des connaissances et des informations traitées. Les contributions spécifiques comprennent : * Conception d'une ontologie " Cognitive Semantic Sensor Network ontology (CoSSN) " : Cette ontologie vise à surmonter les défis d'interopérabilité sémantiques introduits par la variété des capteurs potentiellement utilisés. CoSSN permet aussi de modéliser la représentation des connaissances des experts. * Conception et mise en œuvre de SeMoM: SeMoM est une architecture flexible pour l'IoT intégrant l'ontologie CoSSN. Elle s'appuie sur un middleware orienté message (MoM) pour offrir une solution à couplage faible entre les composants du système. Ceux-ci peuvent échanger des données d'observation sémantiques de manière flexible à l'aide du paradigme producteur/consommateur. Du point de vue applicatif, nous sommes intéressés aux applications de santé. Dans ce domaine, les approches spécifiques et les prototypes individuels sont des solutions prédominantes ce qui rend difficile la collaboration entre différentes applications, en particulier dans un cas de patients multi-pathologies. En ce qui concerne ces défis, nous nous sommes intéressés à deux études de cas: 1) la détection du risque de développement des escarres chez les personnes âgées et 2) la détection des activités de la vie quotidienne (ADL) de personnes pour le suivi et l'assistance à domicile : * Nous avons développé des extensions de CoSSN pour décrire chaque concept en lien avec les deux cas d'utilisation. Nous avons également développé des applications spécifiques grâce à SeMoM qui mettent en œuvre des règles de connaissances expertes permettant d'évaluer et de détecter les escarres et les activités. * Nous avons mis en œuvre et évaluer le framework SeMoM en se basant sur deux expérimentations. La première basée sur le déploiement d'un système ciblant la détection des activités ADL dans un laboratoire d'expérimentation pour la santé (le Connected Health Lab). La seconde est basée sur le simulateur d'activités ADLSim développé par l'Université d'Oslo. Ce simulateur a été utilisé pour effectuer des tests de performances de notre solution en générant une quantité massive de données sur les activités d'une personne à domicile<br>Nowadays, the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has received a considerable interest from both academia and industry. It provides enhancements in quality of life, business growth and efficiency in multiple domains. However, the heterogeneity of the "Things" that can be connected in such environments makes interoperability among them a challenging problem. Moreover, the observations produced by these "Things" are made available with heterogeneous vocabularies and data formats. This heterogeneity prevents generic solutions from being adopted on a global scale and makes difficult to share and reuse data for other purposes than those for which they were originally set up. In this thesis, we address these challenges in the context of healthcare applications considering how we transform raw data to cognitive knowledge and ontology-based information shared between IoT system components. With respect to heterogeneity and integration challenges, our main contribution is an ontology-based IoT architecture allowing the deployment of semantic IoT applications. This approach allows sharing of sensors observations, contextualization of data and reusability of knowledge and processed information. Specific contributions include: * Design of the Cognitive Semantic Sensor Network ontology (CoSSN) ontology: CoSSN aims at overcoming the semantic interoperability challenges introduced by the variety of sensors potentially used. It also aims at describing expert knowledge related to a specific domain. * Design and implementation of SeMoM: SeMoM is a flexible IoT architecture built on top of CoSSN ontology. It relies on a message oriented middleware (MoM) following the publish/subscribe paradigm for a loosely coupled communication between system components that can exchange semantic observation data in a flexible way. From the applicative perspective, we focus on healthcare applications. Indeed, specific approaches and individual prototypes are preeminent solutions in healthcare which straighten the need of an interoperable solution especially for patients with multiple affections. With respect to these challenges, we elaborated two case studies 1) bedsore risk detection and 2) Activities of Daily Living (ADL) detection as follows: * We developed extensions of CoSSN to describe each domain concepts and we developed specific applications through SeMoM implementing expert knowledge rules and assessments of bedsore and human activities. * We implemented and evaluated the SeMoM framework in order to provide a proof of concept of our approach. Two experimentations have been realized for that target. The first is based on a deployment of a system targeting the detection of ADL activities in a real smart platform. The other one is based on ADLSim, a simulator of activities for ambient assisted living that can generate a massive amount of data related to the activities of a monitored person
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Scott, Robert, and Daniel Östberg. "A comparative study of open-source IoT middleware platforms." Thesis, KTH, Hälsoinformatik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223980.
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This is a comparative study of open-source IoT middleware platforms with the main focus on scalability and reliability. An initial evaluation of available open-source IoT platforms resulted in Kaa and Node-RED being the focus of this thesis. To further analyse the platforms, they were both subjected to testing with three real-world scenarios. The chosen scenarios were a remote-controlled LED, a chat application and a data transmitting sensor. Prototypes were developed for each scenario using a range of programming languages and devices like Raspberry Pi, Android and ESP8266.According to the tests Node-RED has better performance on a single server. It also scales better with the possibility to communicate with external APIs directly unlike Kaa which would require a gateway. Despite these factors, Kaa proved to have better overall scalability and reliability with its built-insecurity and device discovery, it also supports clustering and should prove better in larger environments.<br>Detta arbete är en komparativ studie av olika open-source IoT plattformarmed inriktning på skalbarhet och pålitlighet. I förstudien som utfördes undersöktes tillgängliga open-source plattformar varefter Kaa och Node-RED valdes som lämpliga studieobjekt. För att ytterligare analyseraplattformarna testades de med hjälp av tre olika verklighetsbaseradescenarion. De utvalda scenariona som användes var en fjärrstyrd LED, en chatapplikation och data som skickas trådlöst från en sensor. Prototyperna utvecklades för varje scenario med hjälp av flera olika programmeringsspråksamt olika hårdvaror som Raspberry Pi, Android och ESP8266.Enligt de tester som genomförts så har Node-RED bättre prestandaunderanvändning på en ensam server. Node-RED har även bättre skalbarhet motexterna API:er då detta endast är möjligt i Kaa via en gateway. Trots detta så tyder resultaten på att Kaa sammantaget har bättre skalbarhet och tillförlitlighet med plattformens inbyggda säkerhet och dess möjlighet att automatiskt upptäcka enheter. Kaa stödjer även klustring vilket förmodligen presterar bättre i utbredda miljöer.
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Tiburski, Ram?o Tiago. "Security services provision for SOA-based IoT middleware systems." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6859.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-16<br>The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) requires an infrastructure of systems that can provide services for devices abstraction and data management, and also support the development of applications. IoT middleware has been recognized as the system that can provide this necessary infrastructure of services and has become increasingly important for IoT over the last years. The architecture of an IoT middleware is usually based on SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) standard and has security requirement as one of its main challenges. The large amount of data that flows in this kind of system demands security services able to ensure data protection in the entire system. In addition, some IoT applications, mainly those from e-health environments, have brought new requirements in terms of secure communication and acceptable response time for critical services. Although IoT middleware technologies have been used to cope with the most relevant requirements demanded by different IoT applications, security is a special topic that is not mature enough in this kind of technology. The security challenges regarding e-health scenarios are concentrated mainly on issues surrounding the communication layer, specially those cases in which patient data are transmitted in open networks where they are more vulnerable to attacks. In this sense, there is a need for ensure data confidentiality and integrity in middleware system layers to enable a reliable understanding of a patient current life state. This work proposes the definition of four security services focused on data protection in order to minimize security problems found in SOA-based IoT middleware systems. We implemented only one of these services (CCP - Communication Channel Protection) which is composed of two security approaches: TLS and DTLS. Both approaches are known security protocols able to provide confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. The implemented service was focused on protecting data transmission in an IoT middleware system (COMPaaS - Cooperative Middleware Platform as a Service) and was validated through a specific e-health scenario. The main goal was to verify if our security implementations compromise, in terms of response time, the communication performance of the middleware system, which is the key requirement of the e-health scenario. Tests revealed a satisfactory result since the implemented approaches respected the response time requirement of the application and protected the transmitted data.<br>A evolu??o da IoT (do ingl?s, Internet of Things) requer uma infra-estrutura de sistemas que seja capaz de fornecer servi?os tanto para abstra??o de dispositivos e gerenciamento de dados, quanto para suporte ao desenvolvimento de aplica??es. Middleware para IoT tem sido reconhecido como o sistema capaz de prover esta infra-estrutura necess?ria de servi?os e vem se tornando cada vez mais importante para a Internet das Coisas ao longo dos ?ltimos anos. A arquitetura de um sistema de middleware para IoT geralmente est? baseada no padr?o SOA (do ingl?s, Service-Oriented Architecture) e tem o requisito de seguran?a como um dos seus principais desafios. A grande quantidade de dados que trafega nesse tipo de sistema exige servi?os de seguran?a capazes de garantir a prote??o dos dados em toda a extens?o do sistema. Al?m disso, algumas aplica??es para IoT, pricipalmente aquelas voltadas para ambientes de sa?de, fizeram surgir novos requisitos em termos de comunica??o segura e tempo de resposta aceit?vel para servi?os cr?ticos. Embora diversas tecnologias de middleware para IoT t?m sido utilizadas para lidar com os requisitos mais relevantes exigidos pelas diferentes aplica??es existentes para IoT, seguran?a ainda ? um tema especial que n?o est? maduro o suficiente neste tipo de tecnologia. Os desafios de seguran?a relacionados ? cen?rios de sa?de est?o concentrados, principalmente, nas quest?es relacionadas com a camada de comunica??o, especialmente nos casos em que dados de pacientes s?o transmitidos em redes abertas, onde s?o mais vulner?veis a ataques. Neste sentido, existe a necessidade de garantir confidencialidade e integridade de dados nas camadas do middleware para permitir um entendimento mais confi?vel a respeito do estado de vida de um paciente. Este trabalho prop?e a defini??o de quatro servi?os de seguran?a voltados para prote??o de dados a fim de minimizar os problemas de seguran?a encontrados em sistemas de middleware para IoT baseados em SOA. Apenas um dos servi?os de seguran?a propostos foi implementado neste trabalho (o CCP - Communication Channel Protection), o qual ? um servi?o composto pela implementa??o de dois protocolos de seguran?a: TLS e DTLS. Ambas abordagens est?o baseadas em protocolos de seguran?a j? conhecidos e capazes de garantir confidencialidade, integridade e autenticidade. O servi?o implementado visa proteger a transmiss?o de dados em um sistema de middleware para IoT (COMPaaS - Cooperative Middleware Platform as a Service), e foi validado atrav?s de um cen?rio de aplica??o espec?fico para a ?rea da sa?de. O principal objetivo da valida??o foi verificar se as implementa??es dos servi?os de seguran?a estavam comprometendo, em termos de tempo de resposta, o desempenho das camadas de comunica??o dos sistemas do middleware COMPaaS, o qual ? o requisito fundamental do cen?rio de sa?de. Testes revelaram resultados satisfat?rios visto que as abordagens implementadas respeitaram o requisito de tempo de resposta da aplica??o e protegeram os dados transmitidos.
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Qureshi, Daniyal Akhtar. "Performance Evaluation of IoT Platforms in Green ICT Applications." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71391.
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With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), its deployment and applications have grown exponentially in the past decade. This growth has had led scientists and stakeholders to the prediction that about 30 billion of things (IoT) will be connected by 2020 in diverse applications such as transport, healthcare, utility, education, and home automation. Large data streams generated by sensors; it can be data acquisition, storage, or processing, derived the development of cloud-based middleware (or otherwise known as IoT Platform) for IoT. To date, hundreds of IoT platforms fluxing the market (both open-source and commercial) with various complexities, pricing, and services. In this thesis, we proposed an IoT Platform Benchmarking Methodology comprised of four different evaluations namely; Technical, Usability, Sustainability, and Market Competency. We discussed in detail Technical Evaluation based on TPC-IoT benchmarking to evaluate the performance of any IoT platform. The main objective of this research is to provide insight into key parameters in each layer of the platform affecting the overall performance. A preliminary evaluation of data ingestion of open-source IoT platform will be presented based on benchmarking methodology (TPC-IoT).
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CAMPIONI, Lorenzo. "Middleware Solutions for IoT-based Application in Disrupted Network Environments." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488196.
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Thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors, actuators, computational and storage resources, are getting more and more embedded in everyday life, radically transforming human interaction and perception of their surroundings. More specifically, IoT allows Information Technology (IT) services to exploit a capillary network of heterogeneous devices to acquire real time information and to autonomously interact with the environment. However, due to their distributed architecture, IoT-based services are highly dependent on a reliable network infrastructure that can effectively connect edge devices to IT services and users' devices. Therefore, disrupted network environments prevent the effective use of IoT. Post-disaster urban environments and tactical environments are characterized by an unreliable network infrastructure that negatively affects the capability of nodes to share information. However, middleware can provide an effective tool to enable IoT-based applications in these challenging environments. In fact, by means of a middleware based approach it is possible to define a ubiquitous IoT management layer that can rapidly adapt to the network characteristics and re-enable access to IoT devices. More specifically, middleware can form a federated solution capable of autonomously locating IoT devices in highly fragmented network environments, thus allowing applications to discover and directly connect to such resources. Moreover, middleware can also support the communication between applications and IoT devices by implementing information-centring communication paradigms that better exploit the scarce network resources. In particular, communication paradigms such as publish-subscribe and Information Centric Networking (ICN) decouple the communications' endpoints and enable more resilient information sharing in highly disrupted environments. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of middleware for proactive discovery and the information-centring communication paradigm to enable the use of IoT-based applications in disrupted network environments. To this end, this thesis also presents a distributed discovery middleware for disaster recovery environments and experimentally evaluates the capabilities of multiple information centric communication protocols within tactical networks. The research presented in this thesis is the result of the collaboration with international institutes and a research period at the Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC), FL, USA.
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Casadei, Richiard. "Home Manager come middleware per la coordinazione situata in ambito IoT." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12278/.
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Dopo una prima introduzione ai concetti di IoT e AmI, si è analizzata l’architettura Butlers esplorandone tutte le caratteristiche e i punti chiave in modo da apprendere le nozioni di base che mi avrebbero guidato nell’analisi del sistema Home Manager, un prototipo di applicazione per il controllo di una casa intelligente, e nella progettazione delle soluzioni proposte per l’introduzione del principio di coordinazione situata.
Lo scopo della tesi infatti è stato quello di estendere il sistema Home Manager, progettato come sistema multi-agente e implementato poggiandosi al di sopra dell’infrastruttura di coordinazione TuCSoN, attraverso gli strumenti nativi per la coordinazione situata offerti da quest’ultimo. A tal fine sono stati introdotti i concetti di Transducer per la gestione dei dispositivi collegabili al sistema, inserito il livello di Geolocation offerto da TuCSoN per l’interfacciamento con le piattaforme di geolocalizzazione, e utilizzati i centri di tuple e le reazioni spaziali per aumentare il livello di autonomia del sistema. Per completare la tesi sono stati forniti due semplici casi di studio nei quali sono state enfatizzate le proprietà acquisite dal sistema dopo l’introduzione della nozione di coordinazione situata.
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Borges, caldas da silva Pedro Victor. "Middleware support for energy awareness in the Internet of Things (IoT)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAS016.
Full textAbstract:
L'Internet des objets (IoT) se caractérise par une myriade de dispositifs et de composants logiciels géographiquement dispersés ainsi que par une grande hétérogénéité en termes de matériel, de format de données et de protocoles. Au cours des dernières années, les plateformes IoT ont été proposées pour fournir une variété de services aux applications, tels que la découverte de dispositifs, la gestion du contexte et l'analyse des données. Cependant, le manque de standardisation fait que chaque plateforme IoT propose ses propres abstractions, API et patrons d'interactions. Par conséquent, la programmation des interactions entre une application IoT consommatrice de données et une plateforme IoT est complexe, sujette à des erreurs et demande un niveau de connaissance de la plateforme IoT approfondi de la part des développeurs. Les intergiciels IoT peuvent atténuer cette hétérogénéité, ils doivent fournir des services pertinents et ainsi faciliter le développement des applications.L'efficacité énergétique de la technologie numérique devenant une priorité, l'augmentation du nombre de systèmes IoT pose des problèmes énergétiques. Dans ce contexte, il est essentiel de concevoir soigneusement les interactions entre les applications IoT grand public et les plateformes IoT en tenant compte de l'efficacité énergétique. Les intergiciels IoT ne doivent pas uniquement considérer l'efficacité énergétique comme une exigence non fonctionnelle laissée à l'application, Au contraire, parce qu'ils sont utilisés par de nombreuses applications, l'efficacité énergétique doit être au cœur de leur conception.Cette thèse présente trois contributions concernant l'efficacité énergétique et la sensibilisation à l'énergie dans les intergiciels IoT pour les applications IoT consommatrices de données. La première contribution est la proposition d'un intergiciel IoT appelé IoTvar qui abstrait les capteurs virtuels IoT dans des variables IoT qui sont automatiquement mises à jour par l'intergiciel. La deuxième contribution est l'évaluation de la consommation d'énergie des interactions entre les applications IoT grand public et les plateformes IoT via les protocoles HTTP et MQTT. Cette évaluation a conduit à la proposition de lignes directrices pour améliorer l'efficacité énergétique des interactions. La troisième contribution est la proposition de stratégies d'efficacité énergétique pour des middleware IoT. Ces stratégies ont été intégrées dans l'intergiciel IoTvar pour assurer l'efficacité énergétique, mais aussi la sensibilisation à l'énergie par le biais d'un modèle énergétique et la gestion d'un budget énergétique fonction des exigences des utilisateurs. Les implémentations de l'architecture middleware IoT, avec et sans stratégie d'efficacité énergétique, ont été évaluées, et les résultats montrent que nous avons une diminution allant jusqu'à 60% de l'énergie consommée par les applications IoT en appliquant des stratégies pour réduire la consommation d'énergie au niveau du middleware<br>The Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized by a myriad of geographically dispersed devices and software components as well as high heterogeneity in terms of hardware, data, and protocols. Over the last few years, IoT platforms have been used to provide a variety of services to applications such as device discovery, context management, and data analysis. However, the lack of standardization makes each IoT platform come with its abstractions, APIs, and interactions. As a consequence, programming the interactions between a consuming IoT application and an IoT platform is often time-consuming, error-prone, and depends on the developers' level of knowledge about the IoT platform. IoT middleware are proposed to alleviate such heterogeneity, provide relevant services, and ease application development.As the energy efficiency of digital technology becomes a priority, the increase in IoT systems brings energy concerns. In this context, carefully designing interactions between IoT consumer applications and IoT systems with an energy-efficiency concern becomes essential. IoT middleware should not solely consider energy efficiency as a non-functional requirement. Instead, it needs to be at the solution's core as the middleware is expected to be shared by many applications and offer facilities to ease application development.This work presents three contributions regarding energy-efficiency/awareness in IoT middleware for IoT consumer applications.The first contribution is the proposal of an IoT middleware for IoT consumer applications called IoTVar that abstracts IoT virtual sensors in IoT variables that are automatically updated by the middleware.The second contribution is the evaluation of the energy consumption of the interactions between IoT consumer applications and IoT platforms through the HTTP and MQTT protocols. This evaluation has led to the proposal of guidelines to improve energy efficiency when developing applications.The third contribution is the proposal of strategies for energy efficiency to be integrated into IoT middleware. Those strategies have been integrated into the IoTVar middleware to provide energy efficiency, but also energy awareness through an energy model and the management of an energy budget driven by user requirements. The implementations of the IoT middleware architecture, with and without energy-efficiency strategies, have been evaluated, and the results show that we have a difference of up to 60% the energy used by IoT applications by applying strategies to reduce energy consumption at the middleware level
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Scalzotto, Luca. "Software Defined Networking-enabled IoT Middleware for Event Prioritization in Emergency Scenarios." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17390/.
Full textAbstract:
Nell'estate del 2018, la California è stata colpita da numerosi incendi che sono divampati in tutta la regione. Situazioni di questo tipo causano gravi malfunzionamenti nell'infrastruttura di rete (i.e. limitazione della banda di rete disponibile per l'invio di messaggi). Malfunzionamenti nelle tecnologie comunicazione impediscono ai soccorritori una coordinazione efficace e causano un maggior numero di vittime e feriti, e danni materiali ingenti. Il progetto di tesi si propone come obiettivo la progettazione e la realizzazione di una soluzione IoT middleware in grado di garantire la continuità dei servizi di comunicazione nelle regioni interessate da catastrofi naturali. A tal scopo, il middleware applica politiche di prioritizzazione dei messaggi e scarto dei messaggi meno rilevanti. Per calcolare le priorità e le probabilità di scarto dei diversi tipi di messaggi, il middleware utilizza algoritmi innovativi. Tali algoritmi mirano a massimizzare funzioni di utilità definite dai riceventi, considerando i limiti imposti dall'infrastruttura di rete. I diversi algoritmi proposti vengono confrontati tra di loro, valutando efficacia delle politiche applicate ed efficienza di calcolo. La tecnologia Software-defined networking viene utilizzata per imporre le politiche di prioritizzazione e scarto dei messaggi al livello di rete (i.e. nell'infrastruttura di rete). Per dimostrare l'efficacia dell'approccio utilizzato, il middleware viene confrontato con soluzioni alternative: un sistema che non applica politiche di prioritizzazione dei messaggi e scarto dei messaggi meno rilevanti, un sistema che applica solamente politiche di prioritizzazione dei messaggi. I test effettuati dimostrano come l'approccio proposto migliori considerevolmente il valore informativo dei messaggi ricevuti (i.e. messaggi generalmente più rilevanti) e la latenza sperimentata dai riceventi.
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Christophe, Benoit. "Semantic based middleware to support nomadic users in IoT-enabled smart environments." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066669/document.
Full textAbstract:
Avec le développement de l’Internet des Objets, la réalisation d’environnements composés de diverses ressources connectées (objets, capteurs, services, données, etc.) devient une réalite tangible. De plus, la place prépondérante que les smartphones prennent dans notre vie (l’utilisateur étant toujours connecté) font que ces espaces dits ‘intelligents’ ouvrent la voie au développement de nouveaux types d’applications; embarquées dans les téléphones d’utilisateurs nomades – passant d’un environnement connecté (la maison) à un autre (la salle de réunion) – et se reconfigurant dynamiquement pour utiliser les ressources de l’environnement connecté dans lequel celles-ci se trouvent. La création de telles applications va cependant de pair avec le design d’outils supportant les utilisateurs en mobilité, en particulier afin de réaliser la sélection la plus efficace possible des ressources de l’environnement dans lequel l’utilisateur se trouve. Tandis qu’une telle sélection requiert la définition de modèles permettant de décrire de façon précise les caractéristiques de ces ressources, elle doit également prendre en compte les profils et préférences utilisateurs.Enfin, l’augmentation du nombre de ressources connectées, potentiellement mobiles, requiert également le développement de processus de sélection qui “passent à l’échelle”. Des avancées dans ce champ de recherche restent encore à faire, notamment à cause d’une connaissance assez floue concernant les acteurs (ainsi que leurs interactions) définissant (i.e., prenant part à) l’éco-système qu’est un “espace intelligent”. En outre, la multiplicité de diverses ressources connectées implique des problèmes d’interopérabilité et de scalabilité qu’il est nécessaire d’adresser. Si le Web Sémantique apporte une réponse à des problèmes d’interopérabilité, il en soulève d’autres liés au passage à l’échelle. Enfin, si des modèles représentant des “espaces intelligents” ont été développé, leur formalisme ne couvre que partiellement toutes les caractéristiques des ressoures connectées. En particulier, ces modèles tendent à omettre les caractéristiques temporelles, spatiales où encore d’appartenance liées à l’éco-système dans lequel se trouvent ces ressources. S’appuyant sur mes recherches conduites au sein des Bell Labs, cette dissertation identifie les interactions entre les différents acteurs de cet éco-système et propose des représentations formelles, basées sur une sémantique, permettant de décrire ces acteurs. Cette dissertation propose également des procédures de recherche, permettant à l’utilisateur (ou ses applications) de trouver des ressources connectées en se basant sur l’analyse de leur description sémantique. En particulier, ces procédures s’appuient sur une architecture distribuée, également décrite dans cette dissertation, afin de permettre un passage à l’échelle. Ces aides à l’utilisateur sont implémentées au travers de briques intergicielles déployées dans différentes pièces d’un bâtiment, permettant de conduire des expérimentations afin de s’assurer de la validité de l’approche employée<br>With the growth in Internet of Things, the realization of environments composed of diverse connected resources (devices, sensors, services, data, etc.) becomes a tangible reality. Together with the preponderant place that smartphones take in the daily life of users, these nascent smart spaces pave the way to the development of novel types of applications; carried by the phones of nomadic users and dynamically reconfiguring themselves to make use of such appropriate connected resources. Creating these applications however goes hand-in-hand with the design of tools supporting the nomadic users roaming in these spaces, in particular by enabling the efficient selection of resources. While such a selection calls for the design of theoretically grounded descriptions, it should also consider the profile and preferences of the users. Finally, the rise of (possibly mobile) connected resources calls for designing a scalable process underlying this selection. Progress in the field is however sluggish especially because of the ignorance of the stakeholders (and the interactions between them) composing this eco-system of “IoT-enabled smart environments”. Thus, the multiplicity of diverse connected resources entails interoperability and scalability problems. While the Semantic Web helped in solving the interoperability issue, it however emphasizes the scalability one. Thus, misreading of the ecosystem led to producing models partially covering connected resource characteristics.Revolving from our research works performed over the last 6 years, this dissertation identifies the interactions between the stakeholders of the nascent ecosystem to further propose formal representations. The dissertation further designs a framework providing search capabilities to support the selection of connected resources through a semantic analysis. In particular, the framework relies on a distributed architecture that we design in order to manage scalability issues. The framework is embodied in a VR Gateway further deployed in a set of interconnected smart places and that has been assessed by several experimentations
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Christophe, Benoit. "Semantic based middleware to support nomadic users in IoT-enabled smart environments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066669.
Full textAbstract:
Avec le développement de l’Internet des Objets, la réalisation d’environnements composés de diverses ressources connectées (objets, capteurs, services, données, etc.) devient une réalite tangible. De plus, la place prépondérante que les smartphones prennent dans notre vie (l’utilisateur étant toujours connecté) font que ces espaces dits ‘intelligents’ ouvrent la voie au développement de nouveaux types d’applications; embarquées dans les téléphones d’utilisateurs nomades – passant d’un environnement connecté (la maison) à un autre (la salle de réunion) – et se reconfigurant dynamiquement pour utiliser les ressources de l’environnement connecté dans lequel celles-ci se trouvent. La création de telles applications va cependant de pair avec le design d’outils supportant les utilisateurs en mobilité, en particulier afin de réaliser la sélection la plus efficace possible des ressources de l’environnement dans lequel l’utilisateur se trouve. Tandis qu’une telle sélection requiert la définition de modèles permettant de décrire de façon précise les caractéristiques de ces ressources, elle doit également prendre en compte les profils et préférences utilisateurs.Enfin, l’augmentation du nombre de ressources connectées, potentiellement mobiles, requiert également le développement de processus de sélection qui “passent à l’échelle”. Des avancées dans ce champ de recherche restent encore à faire, notamment à cause d’une connaissance assez floue concernant les acteurs (ainsi que leurs interactions) définissant (i.e., prenant part à) l’éco-système qu’est un “espace intelligent”. En outre, la multiplicité de diverses ressources connectées implique des problèmes d’interopérabilité et de scalabilité qu’il est nécessaire d’adresser. Si le Web Sémantique apporte une réponse à des problèmes d’interopérabilité, il en soulève d’autres liés au passage à l’échelle. Enfin, si des modèles représentant des “espaces intelligents” ont été développé, leur formalisme ne couvre que partiellement toutes les caractéristiques des ressoures connectées. En particulier, ces modèles tendent à omettre les caractéristiques temporelles, spatiales où encore d’appartenance liées à l’éco-système dans lequel se trouvent ces ressources. S’appuyant sur mes recherches conduites au sein des Bell Labs, cette dissertation identifie les interactions entre les différents acteurs de cet éco-système et propose des représentations formelles, basées sur une sémantique, permettant de décrire ces acteurs. Cette dissertation propose également des procédures de recherche, permettant à l’utilisateur (ou ses applications) de trouver des ressources connectées en se basant sur l’analyse de leur description sémantique. En particulier, ces procédures s’appuient sur une architecture distribuée, également décrite dans cette dissertation, afin de permettre un passage à l’échelle. Ces aides à l’utilisateur sont implémentées au travers de briques intergicielles déployées dans différentes pièces d’un bâtiment, permettant de conduire des expérimentations afin de s’assurer de la validité de l’approche employée<br>With the growth in Internet of Things, the realization of environments composed of diverse connected resources (devices, sensors, services, data, etc.) becomes a tangible reality. Together with the preponderant place that smartphones take in the daily life of users, these nascent smart spaces pave the way to the development of novel types of applications; carried by the phones of nomadic users and dynamically reconfiguring themselves to make use of such appropriate connected resources. Creating these applications however goes hand-in-hand with the design of tools supporting the nomadic users roaming in these spaces, in particular by enabling the efficient selection of resources. While such a selection calls for the design of theoretically grounded descriptions, it should also consider the profile and preferences of the users. Finally, the rise of (possibly mobile) connected resources calls for designing a scalable process underlying this selection. Progress in the field is however sluggish especially because of the ignorance of the stakeholders (and the interactions between them) composing this eco-system of “IoT-enabled smart environments”. Thus, the multiplicity of diverse connected resources entails interoperability and scalability problems. While the Semantic Web helped in solving the interoperability issue, it however emphasizes the scalability one. Thus, misreading of the ecosystem led to producing models partially covering connected resource characteristics.Revolving from our research works performed over the last 6 years, this dissertation identifies the interactions between the stakeholders of the nascent ecosystem to further propose formal representations. The dissertation further designs a framework providing search capabilities to support the selection of connected resources through a semantic analysis. In particular, the framework relies on a distributed architecture that we design in order to manage scalability issues. The framework is embodied in a VR Gateway further deployed in a set of interconnected smart places and that has been assessed by several experimentations
Books on the topic "IoT Middleware"
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Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Middleware for Context-Aware Applications in the IoT. Association for Computing Machinery, 2015.
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Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Middleware for Context-Aware Applications in the IoT. Association for Computing Machinery, 2016.
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Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Middleware for Context-Aware Applications in the IoT. Association for Computing Machinery, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "IoT Middleware"
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Kalaga, Gunneswara Rao VSSS. "IoT Middleware." In Design of Internet of Things. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003303206-9.
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Vuppalapati, Chandrasekar. "Middleware." In Building Enterprise IoT Applications. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429056437-10.
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Hüning, Felix. "Middleware." In Embedded Systems für IoT. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57901-5_10.
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Katiyar, Neha, Priti Kumari, Surabhi Sakhshi, and Jyoti Srivastava. "Trending IoT Platforms on Middleware Layer." In Intelligent Analytics for Industry 4.0 Applications. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003321149-9.
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Cecílio, José, and Pedro Furtado. "Middleware Solution for HealthCare IoT Applications." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18802-7_8.
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Held, Florian, Philipp Schauz, and Jörg Domaschka. "A Systematic Comparison of IoT Middleware." In Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04718-3_5.
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Zgheib, Rita, Emmanuel Conchon, and Rémi Bastide. "Semantic Middleware Architectures for IoT Healthcare Applications." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10752-9_11.
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Yoda, Minami, Shigeo Nakamura, Yuichi Sei, Yasuyuki Tahara, and Akihiko Ohsuga. "A Scalable Middleware for IoT Vulnerability Detection." In Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53274-0_7.
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Mallegowda, M., Pooja Sarashetti, and Anita Kanavalli. "SOA-Based Middleware Framework for IoT Applications." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7657-4_27.
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Champaneria, Tushar, Sunil Jardosh, and Ashwin Makwana. "Microservices in IoT Middleware Architectures: Architecture, Trends, and Challenges." In IOT with Smart Systems. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3575-6_39.
Full textConference papers on the topic "IoT Middleware"
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Cabral, Bernado, Ricardo Venâncio, Pedro Costa, et al. "Multiprotocol Middleware Translator for IoT." In 2024 27th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsd64264.2024.00051.
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Meyo, Zongo, Gabriel C. Ullmann, Rushin D. Makwana, and Oriol Gavaldà. "A Pattern-Driven Middleware Architecture for IoT Data." In 2025 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Software Engineering Research & Practices for the IoT (SERP4IoT). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/serp4iot66600.2025.00010.
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Harjumaa, Lasse, Ilkka Kivelä, Petri Jyrkkä, and Ismo Hakala. "Making Use of Design Patterns in IoT Middleware Implementation." In 10th International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013278000003944.
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Agnihotri, Pratyush, Manisha Luthra, Miguel Rodriguez, and Boris Koldehofe. "IoT-opt." In Middleware '22: 23rd International Middleware Conference. ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3565386.3565490.
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Åkesson, Alfred, Mattias Nordahl, Görel Hedin, and Boris Magnusson. "A DSL for composing IoT systems." In Middleware '18: 19th International Middleware Conference. ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3284014.3284023.
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Giang, Nam K., Rodger Lea, Michael Blackstock, and Victor C. M. Leung. "On Building Smart City IoT Applications." In Middleware '16: 17th International Middleware Conference. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3009912.3009919.
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Trystram, Jean-Baptiste. "Toward software updates in IoT environments." In Middleware '17: 18th International Middleware Conference. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3152688.3152694.
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Zavalyshyn, Igor. "Building Private-by-Design IoT Systems." In Middleware '20: 21st International Middleware Conference. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3429351.3431750.
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Jonckers, Dimitri, Aram Hovsepyan, Bert Lagaisse, and Wouter Joosen. "A shared multi-stakeholder platform for IoT." In Middleware '17: 18th International Middleware Conference. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3155016.3155028.
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Markovic, Milan, Waqar Asif, David Corsar, et al. "Towards automated privacy risk assessments in IoT systems." In Middleware '18: 19th International Middleware Conference. ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3286719.3286723.
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