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Dr, Nanda Gopal S. M., Pradhan Aashi, Singh Anupriya, Arshad Amal, and Jyoti Gurram. "Block Chain- Based Secure Storage and Access Scheme System for Data in IPFS." Advancement of Computer Technology and its Applications 6, no. 1 (2023): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7594111.
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<em>With decentralized participant nodes cooperating to maintain a trustworthy database, block-chain is fundamentally a consensus system managed by several parties. In the current national network ecosystem, publishing is open to everybody. Knowledge files are a crucial information source that show how busy publishers are. Additionally, superior information resources can advance society. The opposite is true with inferior pirated files. The majority of firms currently use centralized servers to control how individuals distribute knowledge files. A distrusted third party must also be included in order to analyse and encrypt the data contained in files. Due to the lack of clear standards for identical intellectual files, file retention transactions become opaque, intellectual property is violated, and consistent file management systems cannot be maintained between institutions. We suggest an Interplanetary File System based Block-chain storage paradigm. (IPFS). The issue of storing transactions in a block and accessing them from that block is solved by immutability. In the proposed system, the file is saved in IPFS and the hash value of the message is stored in Block-chain, which reduces Block-chain size. IPFS stores the file as a hash value of the file. Block is append-only, protecting user privacy while making files and data easier to retrieve. The method also transfers files in the synchronized block-chain and uses the consensus of all participating nodes to assure traceability. This essay describes the upload and transfer of files along with the method's framework and guiding principles. Finally, the method's efficiency is compared, evaluated, and its advantages and disadvantages are covered. In this suggested system, the file is kept in IPFS while implementing the decentralized block chain process, reducing the size of the block chain, and other features. The hash value of the file is what is saved in IPFS as the file. Block is append-only, which safeguards user privacy while enabling quick access to files and data. Finally, the approach we provide is based on the Interplanetary File System, a block-chain storage paradigm (IPFS). The issue of storing transactions in a block and accessing them from that block is solved by immutability. The block chain stores the message's hash value. </em>
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Akshay, Sripriya, Ram Arvinth, B. Shakthi, and Kumar Shanthosh. "IPFS based Solution for Secure File Storage." IPFS based Solution for Secure File Storage 9, no. 2 (2024): 6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10677617.
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In today's digital world, the need for safe and dependable file storage is becoming a crucial matter. The traditional means of file storage, like centralized servers, have many drawbacks like accessibility, scalability, and security. This study investigates the application of IPFS, a distributed peer-to-peer file system, as a safe file storing method. In comparison to conventional file storage techniques, we propose an IPFS-based solution for safe information storage using Moralis IPFS API. This study examines its advantages and disadvantages as well. Keywords:- InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), Blockchain, peer-to-peer, Moralis, distributed.
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Shi, Ruizhe, Ruizhi Cheng, Bo Han, Yue Cheng, and Songqing Chen. "A Closer Look into IPFS: Accessibility, Content, and Performance." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 8, no. 2 (2024): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3656015.
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The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) has recently gained considerable attention. While prior research has focused on understanding its performance characterization and application support, it remains unclear: (1) what kind of files/content are stored in IPFS, (2) who are providing these files, (3) are these files always accessible, and (4) what affects the file access performance. To answer these questions, in this paper, we perform measurement and analysis on over 4 million files associated with CIDs (content IDs) that appeared in publicly available IPFS datasets. Our results reveal the following key findings: (1) Mixed file accessibility: while IPFS is not designed for a permanent storage, accessing a non-trivial portion of files, such as those of NFTs and video streams, often requires multiple retrieval attempts, potentially blocking NFT transactions and negatively affecting the user experience. (2) Dominance of NFT (non-fungible token) and video files: about 50% of stored files are NFT-related, followed by a large portion of video files, among which about half are pirated movies and adult content. (3) Centralization of content providers: a small number of peers (top-50), mostly cloud nodes hosted by tech companies, serve a large portion (95%) of files, deviating from IPFS's intended design goal. (4) High variation of downloading throughput and lookup time: large file retrievals experience lower average throughput due to more overhead for resolving file chunk CIDs, and looking up files hosted by non-cloud nodes takes longer. We hope that our findings can offer valuable insights for (1) IPFS application developers to take into consideration these characteristics when building applications on top of IPFS, and (2) IPFS system developers to improve IPFS and similar systems to be developed for Web3.
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Shi, Ruizhe, Ruizhi Cheng, Bo Han, Yue Cheng, and Songqing Chen. "A Closer Look into IPFS: Accessibility, Content, and Performance." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 52, no. 1 (2024): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3673660.3655040.
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The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) has recently gained considerable attention. While prior research has focused on understanding its performance characterization and application support, it remains unclear: (1) what kind of files/content are stored in IPFS, (2) who are providing these files, (3) are these files always accessible, and (4) what affects the file access performance. To answer these questions, in this paper, we perform measurement and analysis on over 4 million files associated with CIDs (content IDs) that appeared in publicly available IPFS datasets. Our results reveal the following key findings: (1) Mixed file accessibility: while IPFS is not designed for a permanent storage, accessing a non-trivial portion of files, such as those of NFTs and video streams, often requires multiple retrieval attempts, potentially blocking NFT transactions and negatively affecting the user experience. (2) Dominance of NFT (non-fungible token) and video files: about 50% of stored files are NFT-related, followed by a large portion of video files, among which about half are pirated movies and adult content. (3) Centralization of content providers: a small number of peers (top-50), mostly cloud nodes hosted by tech companies, serve a large portion (95%) of files, deviating from IPFS's intended design goal. (4) High variation of downloading throughput and lookup time: large file retrievals experience lower average throughput due to more overhead for resolving file chunk CIDs, and looking up files hosted by non-cloud nodes takes longer. We hope that our findings can offer valuable insights for (1) IPFS application developers to take into consideration these characteristics when building applications on top of IPFS, and (2) IPFS system developers to improve IPFS and similar systems to be developed for Web3.
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SWAROOPA, MRS P. "Implementing a Block Chain-Based Secure File Storage System with Enhanced User Authentication." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 06 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem50622.
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Abstract—File storage platforms face inherent challenges such as censorship, limited transparency, vulnerability to single points of failure, and restricted user control over data. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a decentralized file-sharing system that integrates the Ethereum blockchain with the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). Our design leverages smart contracts to securely manage file metadata and enforce access controls, providing an immutable and tamper-resistant record of data ownership and permissions. IPFS is utilized for efficient, distributed file storage, enhancing scalability and availability. User authentication is handled through wallet-based cryptographic verification, eliminating reliance on centralized identity providers. Additionally, the system supports micropayment- based monetization via smart contracts, enabling direct and transparent transactions between content creators and consumers. The proposed platform delivers a secure, censorship-resistant, and user-empowered file-sharing environment consistent with the principles of Web3. Keywords- Blockchain, IPFS, Smart Contracts,
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Aldhmour, Mamoun, Rakan Aldmour, A. Y. Al-Zoubi, and Mohamed Sedky. "Optimizing Off-Chain Storage in Blockchain of Things Systems." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 21, no. 01 (2025): 118–31. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v21i01.53157.
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The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) offers decentralized storage and data sharing, which are critical for the functionality of Blockchain of Things (BCoT) systems. Despite its advantages, IPFS faces challenges such as scalability, latency, and resource management issues that hinder its effective integration into existing blockchain infrastructures. This study explores the implementation of Docker containerization to enhance IPFS performance within BCoT environments. An experimental testbed was established, comprising an IPFS node and an IPFS Cluster peer deployed as Docker containers, to evaluate the latency of file operations across various sizes and analyze containerization’s impact on data storage and retrieval efficiency. The proposed Dockerized IPFS implementation demonstrates substantial performance improvements over traditional systems, achieving latency reductions of up to 75% for small files (1–256 KB) and a three-fold decrease for larger files (64 MB). Specifically, write operations were reduced from 1000 ms to 300 ms, while read operations improved by 40%, decreasing from 2500 ms to 1500 ms. Additionally, the containerized approach yielded lower latency than previous standalone IPFS deployments. The study emphasizes the significance of dynamic resource allocation in optimizing resource utilization, thereby enhancing the overall performance of IPFS Clusters within BCoT frameworks. By leveraging Dockerized IPFS, BCoT systems can achieve more efficient off-chain storage solutions, facilitating improved data management and interoperability in decentralized applications.
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N. Sangeeta and Seung Yeob Nam. "Blockchain and Interplanetary File System (IPFS)-Based Data Storage System for Vehicular Networks with Keyword Search Capability." Electronics 12, no. 7 (2023): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071545.
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Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras and black boxes are indispensable for road safety and accident management. Visible highway surveillance cameras can promote safe driving habits while discouraging moving violations. According to CCTV laws, footage captured by roadside cameras must be securely stored, and authorized persons can access it. Footages collected by CCTV and Blackbox are usually saved to the camera’s microSD card, the cloud, or hard drives locally but there are concerns about security and data integrity. These issues may be addressed by blockchain technology. The cost of storing data on the blockchain, on the other hand, is prohibitively expensive. We can have decentralized and cost-effective storage with the interplanetary file system (IPFS) project. It is a file-sharing protocol that stores and distributes data in a distributed file system. We propose a decentralized IPFS and blockchain-based application for distributed file storage. It is possible to upload various types of files into our decentralized application (DApp), and hashes of the uploaded files are permanently saved on the Ethereum blockchain with the help of smart contracts. Because it cannot be removed, it is immutable. By clicking on the file description, we can also view the file. DApp also includes a keyword search feature to assist us in quickly locating sensitive information. We used Ethers.js’ smart contract event listener and contract.queryFilter to filter and read data from the blockchain. The smart contract events are then written to a text file for our DApp’s keyword search functionality. Our experiment demonstrates that our DApp is resilient to system failure while preserving the transparency and integrity of data due to the immutability of blockchain.
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Jaafar, Rafah Amer, Saad Najim Alsaad, and Mohammed Naji Al-Kabi. "Educational Certificate Verification System: Enhancing Security and Authenticity using Ethereum Blockchain and IPFS." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 35, no. 1 (2024): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v35i1.1461.
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Educational certificate counterfeiting is a major global challenge. There is no doubt that addressing both the problem of forgery and the verification of academic certificates is a fundamental issue that deserves research, development, and support at the highest levels. This paper presents a decentralized educational certificate verification system leveraging the Ethereum blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to combat counterfeiting. Ropsten is used as a real-life Ethereum test network to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. IPFS is used to store educational certificate files on a decentralised file system. The smart contract is built in the Solidity language, compiled, and deployed using the online Remix IDE. The verification process is supported by scanning a QR code, which retrieves the validating certificate’s information from the Ethereum network in real-time.
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Abhilash, P. K., Chidananda K., K. Sandeep, Nikhil Reddy Molaka, Yogesh Kumar Awasthi, and Samanthakurthi Rajabhishek. "Secure and Sustainable Decentralized Cloud Using IPFS." E3S Web of Conferences 430 (2023): 01097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343001097.
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Our paper focuses on the implementation of a decentralized cloud storage system using the IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) technology. The project aims to provide an alternative to centralized cloud storage by decentralization, enhanced security, and user control over data which is a more sustainable solution than the existing system. In a centralized cloud storage system, data is stored on a single server controlled by a service provider. This centralized approach poses potential risks such as single points of failure, data breaches, and reliance on the trustworthiness of the provider. In contrast, our decentralized cloud storage system distributes data across a network of interconnected nodes. Each node stores a portion of the data, ensuring redundancy and availability. By leveraging IPFS, which utilizes a distributed hash table and content- addressed storage, our system ensures data integrity, fault tolerance, and censorship resistance. Users of our system have greater control over their data. They can participate in the network by contributing their storage resources and accessing their files securely. The project implementation includes features such as file upload, download, retrieval based on IPFS hashes, and user authentication. It also provides functionalities like displaying connected peers, managing file metadata, and enabling file deletion. Overall, our project showcases the potential of decentralized cloud storage, exemplifying its benefits and illustrating how it can be implemented using IPFS technology.
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Devi, D., G. Sai Rohith, S. Shri Hari, and K. Sri Ramachandar. "Blockchain based mechanism to eliminate frauds and tampering of land records." ITM Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20213701011.
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Data tampering and fraud in land records have increased drastically in the modern world. A data storage model using Blockchain and Interplanetary File System (IPFS) is proposed in this work. Land records and the farmer’s information are stored inside the Interplanetary file system. To avoid data faking, the hash address of the respective data generated by IPFS is stored in the blockchain. This proposed system when deployed on a large scale can outperform the existing methods of securing user data. One of the latest technological advancements in the software industry is the innovation of Blockchain Technology. This new technology has opened up a new business relationship platform that delivers feasibility, protection, and cheap rates. It provides a new foundation of trust for transactions that can facilitate a very streamlined workflow and a faster economy.
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Suseno, Taufiq Rizky Darmawan, Irawan Afrianto, and Sufa Atin. "Strengthening data integrity in academic document recording with blockchain and InterPlanetary file system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 2 (2024): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1759-1769.
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A diploma is a certificate or official document given by a school or college that is useful for continuing education, applying for jobs, and assessing student intelligence. The main problem with diplomas and other academic documents is that many are forged. This study aims to develop a prototype for recording student academic data using blockchain and blockchain and InterPlanetary file system (IPFS). The research stages were conducted with system conceptualization, data modeling, smart contract development, IPFS integration, data transaction development, user interface/user experience (UI/UX) development, and system testing. A blockchain is a permanent information structure formed by data blocks that are interconnected with transaction data blocks before and after it. The transaction data for each block are encrypted using asymmetric cryptography. IPFS is a peer-to-peer network protocol for storing and sharing data in a distributed file system applying the concept of decentralization to make the manipulation more difficult. The results show that student academic data and documents were successfully stored in a blockchain network using smart contracts and IPFS. Blockchain technology, smart contracts, and IPFS strengthen the value of these documents into documents that are safe, difficult to counterfeit, and easy to trace, such that authentication and integration are better preserved.
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Suseno, Taufiq Rizky Darmawan, Irawan Afrianto, and Sufa Atin. "Strengthening data integrity in academic document recording with blockchain and InterPlanetary file system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 2 (2024): 1759–69. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1759-1769.
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A diploma is a certificate or official document given by a school or college that is useful for continuing education, applying for jobs, and assessing student intelligence. The main problem with diplomas and other academic documents is that many are forged. This study aims to develop a prototype for recording student academic data using blockchain and blockchain and InterPlanetary file system (IPFS). The research stages were conducted with system conceptualization, data modeling, smart contract development, IPFS integration, data transaction development, user interface/user experience (UI/UX) development, and system testing. A blockchain is a permanent information structure formed by data blocks that are interconnected with transaction data blocks before and after it. The transaction data for each block are encrypted using asymmetric cryptography. IPFS is a peer-to-peer network protocol for storing and sharing data in a distributed file system applying the concept of decentralization to make the manipulation more difficult. The results show that student academic data and documents were successfully stored in a blockchain network using smart contracts and IPFS. Blockchain technology, smart contracts, and IPFS strengthen the value of these documents into documents that are safe, difficult to counterfeit, and easy to trace, such that authentication and integration are better preserved.
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Ko, Hoon, Juhee Oh, and Sung Uk Kim. "Digital Content Management Using Non-Fungible Tokens and the Interplanetary File System." Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (2023): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14010315.
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Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital identifiers containing metadata, such as token number, title, content, and image URL, and are linked to digital assets, which are characterized by the fact that, unlike conventional virtual assets, they have their own unique value and cannot be replaced. NFTs cannot be deleted or forged; therefore, they can be used to authenticate the ownership of digital assets. The metadata of the NFTs are uploaded to the interplanetary file system (IPFS), which is a distributed file system, and converted into unique content identifiers (CIDs) that are stored on the blockchain. Digital content (DC) is divided into multiple pieces; it also has its own unique value and is distributed and stored using the IPFS. This study built an NFT-based IPFS testbed and experimented with the process of generating unique values for DC divided into three groups and sharing them. The results confirmed that each DC had a unique hash value and no duplicates existed.
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Suman, Mann, Chaudhary Harshit, khatri Aryan, Malik Ritik, and Gupta Yatin. "A Peer-to-Peer File Storage System Using Blockchain and Interplanetary File System." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 05, no. 02 (2022): 582–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6298736.
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Abstract : People’s lives have been profoundly impacted by the headway of innovation which has worked on their lives from each viewpoint. Clearly, innovation assumes a significant part in each circle of life and information stockpiling and sharing is a significant part of it. Current information sharing and storage devices depend on trusted third parties (TTP) and because of the contribution of third parties, such frameworks need straightforwardness, security, trust and strength. To solve these issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based secure information sharing application by consolidating the highlights of IPFS and Ethereum. In this proposed scheme ethereum blockchain, decentralized storage, encryption and IPFS are combined to build an application that maximizes the tech<em>nological resources and provide</em> with an effective storage website ,Ethereum blockchain, decentralized capacity, encryption, and InterPlanetary File System are consolidated to assemble an application that boosts the innovative assets and gives a viable storage site. To carry out the proposed situation, smart contracts are written in solidity and sent on the nearby Ethereum test network. The proposed plot accomplishes security, transparency, legitimacy of owner, access control and nature of information.
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Li, Honglei, Xiao Yang, Hongxin Wang, Wujia Wei, and Weilian Xue. "A Controllable Secure Blockchain-Based Electronic Healthcare Records Sharing Scheme." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (March 4, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2058497.
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The sharing of electronic healthcare records (EHRs) is important to healthcare and medical research. However, institutions are faced with difficulties in privacy protection and efficiently secure data exchange. The main objective of this study is to propose a controllable secure blockchain-based EHRs sharing scheme. For this purpose, blockchain technologies are combined with interplanetary file systems (IPFS) to provide efficient secure EHRs sharing. Firstly, the IPFS-based EHR file system (IEFS) is designed to save and share large-size EHR files among medical institutions. With the high-throughput content-addressed block storage model and appropriate redundant backup of IPFS, IEFS is tamper-resistant and free of a single point of failure. Secondly, the blockchain is used to implement the blockchain-based EHR abstract system (BEAS) to manipulate EHR abstracts access. In BEAS, the EHR file addresses generated by IEFS are encrypted and saved in EHR abstracts for privacy protection. Since EHR abstracts are encrypted by patients’ public keys, the sharing of EHR files is under the control of patients. In our experiment, a prototype system is developed to validate the proposed scheme. The experimental results showed that (1) EHRs are securely shared under the control of patients and (2) EHR files are retrieved at an acceptable speed supported by IPFS technology. In this paper, solutions to some important practical issues such as incapacitated patients, encryption key forgetting/missing, and efficient interaction of doctors with EHRs sharing scheme are also seriously discussed.
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Vishniakou, U. A., YiWei Xia, and Chuyue Yu. "Using the Ethereum Blockchain in the Internet of Things Network for IT Diagnostics." Digital Transformation 30, no. 3 (2024): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2024-30-3-61-68.
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The article discusses the use of Ethereum blockchain technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) network for IT diagnostics of patients, which increases data security and user privacy. This integration is proving effective for storing and managing sensitive data of patients with neurological diseases. An integrated system architecture has been developed that combines the IoT network, the IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) file structure with the Ethereum blockchain to create a reliable data storage model. This system ensures efficient, secure and transparent data processing, optimizing the processes of data registration, authorization and verification. Using IPFS for decentralized file storage, along with the Ethereum blockchain to create tamper-proof medical records, provides increased efficiency, scalability and privacy. During the experiments, the process of creating and testing the system was implemented, including setting up the environment, connecting an IPFS node, programming Ethereum smart contracts, sampling voice data and storing their hashes.
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Rana, Abbas Al-Kaabi, and A. Abdullah Alharith. "A survey: medical health record data security based on interplanetary file system and blockchain technologies." A survey: medical health record data security based on interplanetary file system and blockchain technologies 30, no. 1 (2023): 586–97. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp586-597.
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The adoption of modern health records is growing more mature, yet security issues always accompany it. Interplanetary file system (IPFS) and blockchain are developing technologies with decentralization, distributed fault tolerance, and trustworthiness. Using IPFS and blockchain technology to tackle medical health record data security issues is a very promising trend, and it is presently being utilized to secure medical health record data security. This article first explains the idea of IPFS and highlights the classification of existing IPFS and blockchain techniques before briefly discussing distributed ledger to tackle the existing medical health record data security challenges and faults. Finally, to preserve medical health records, a new medical health record storage architectural model based on IPFS and blockchain technologies is presented.
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Abbas Al-Kaabi, Rana, and Alharith A. Abdullah. "A survey: medical health record data security based on interplanetary file system and blockchain technologies." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 30, no. 1 (2023): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp586-597.
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The adoption of modern health records is growing more mature, yet security issues always accompany it. Interplanetary file system (IPFS) and blockchain are developing technologies with decentralization, distributed fault tolerance, and trustworthiness. Using IPFS and blockchain technology to tackle medical health record data security issues is a very promising trend, and it is presently being utilized to secure medical health record data security. This article first explains the idea of IPFS and highlights the classification of existing IPFS and blockchain techniques before briefly discussing distributed ledger to tackle the existing medical health record data security challenges and faults. Finally, to preserve medical health records, a new medical health record storage architectural model based on IPFS and blockchain technologies is presented.
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Zeng, Ruibin, Jiali You, Yang Li, and Rui Han. "An ICN-Based IPFS High-Availability Architecture." Future Internet 14, no. 5 (2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi14050122.
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The Interplanetary File System (IPFS), a new type of P2P file system, enables people to obtain data from other peer nodes in a distributed system without the need to establish a connection with a distant server. However, IPFS suffers from low resolution efficiency and duplicate data delivery, resulting in poor system availability. The new Information-Centric Networking (ICN), on the other hand, applies the features of name resolution service and caching to achieve fast location and delivery of content. Therefore, there is a potential to optimize the availability of IPFS systems from the network layer. In this paper, we propose an ICN-based IPFS high-availability architecture, called IBIHA, which introduces enhanced nodes and information tables to manage data delivery based on the original IPFS network, and uses the algorithm of selecting high-impact nodes from the entitled network (PwRank) as the basis for deploying enhanced nodes in the network, thus achieving the effect of optimizing IPFS availability. The experimental results show that this architecture outperforms the IPFS network in terms of improving node resolution efficiency, reducing network redundant packets, and improving the rational utilization of network link resources.
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Abhimanyu, Sharma, and Rai Divyanshu. "Blockchain Based Decentralized File Storage." Ymer Journal 21, no. 05(May 2022) (2022): 4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6671705.
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A blockchain is a data set that is divided among the hubs of a computer network. A blockchain stores data electronically in an advanced architecture as a data set. Blockchains are well-known for their critical role in digital money frameworks, like Bitcoin, in maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions. The benefit of a blockchain is that it protects the integrity and security of a record of information while also generating confidence without the need for a trusted third party. The blockchain is a creative idea that has opened the door to new applications for dealing with a variety of difficulties in a distributed environment. The InterPlanetary File Framework (A distributed hypermedia convention) and Ethereum for blockchain convention for application back end are used in this paper to plan a blockchain-based document capacity application. The planned IPFS stores metadata for records on the blockchain while the actual contents are stored off-chain via Ethereum at various locations via a shared network of IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) Checking Agents. The IPFS will gain decentralized capacity, distributed handling, and sophisticated query capabilities as a result of this.
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КРЕНЦІН, МИХАЙЛО, та ЛЕОНІД КУПЕРШТЕЙН. "МЕТОД ЗАХИЩЕНОГО ОБМІНУ ТА ЗБЕРІГАННЯ ФАЙЛІВ У ПІРИНГОВИХ МЕРЕЖАХ". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 337, № 3(2) (2024): 461–66. https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2024-337-3-69.
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The article proposes a method for secure file exchange and storage in peer-to-peer networks based on the IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) protocol and a linear feedback shift register (LFSR). The use of IPFS provides efficient decentralized data storage with guaranteed integrity due to the use of content-oriented addressing based on hash functions. In IPFS, each file or data block is identified by a unique CID (Content Identifier), which changes with any modification of the content. To increase confidentiality before uploading files to the network, it is proposed to use an encryption method based on a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) and counters. This method provides efficient generation of pseudo-random permutations of the file bytes, which makes it impossible to decrypt it without knowing the key. Encryption using the FLSR is characterized by high speed, ease of implementation, and low requirements for computing resources. This is especially important for peer-to-peer networks, where nodes may have limited performance and unstable connections. The proposed approach eliminates the vulnerability of IPFS associated with the possibility of obtaining file contents based on their CIDs, since even with the presence of an identifier, only encrypted content is available. In addition, the method ensures the confidentiality of the transmitted data, since files are transmitted in encrypted form and can only be decrypted by authorized nodes. The method also provides high performance due to the features of IPFS: files or their fragments (IPLD objects) can be downloaded in parallel from several nodes, which speeds up the transfer of large amounts of data. The method can be used in decentralized storage systems, platforms for secure file exchange, as well as in environments with increased requirements for information security.
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Diwate, Aniket, Priya Waghulkar, Shrutika Patle, Tejas Kadam, Prof Mohammad Tahir, and Vrushant Domde. "Decentralized Web Hosting Platform and Framework." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (2023): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48846.
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Abstract: This paper suggests a decentralised web hosting solution based on Web3 Storage and the Interplanetary File System (IPFS). The IPFS platform is used to host websites and store data. To guarantee that the source codes of the websites and users’ data are preserved over the long term, all storage miner nodes on the IPFS network provide the pinning service. Websites must use an encryption technique for data storage that protects user privacy. The suggested model integrates the Web3 Storage and IPFS networks to create a platform that offers decentralised site hosting. The suggested platform guarantees the privacy, availability, and integrity.
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Azizi, Yassine, Mostafa Azizi, and Mohamed Elboukhari. "Log Data Integrity Solution based on Blockchain Technology and IPFS." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 15 (2022): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i15.31713.
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Threats towards information systems have continued to increase and become more sophisticated, making security approaches a necessity for all types of organizations to ensure their protection. To implement an appropriate computer security policy, it is necessary to efficiently exploit the data that has become a valuable asset for these security systems, provided it is well used, controlled and monitored.In this paper, we focus on developing a decentralized solution based on Blockchain technology and IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) that can maintain and ensure the integrity of log files and sensitive information. The obtained results are promising, we obtained a distributed ledger of all log file transactions in a chronological sequence, which was shared among all Ethereum participants, allowing us to verify the log files' integrity, validity, and auditability throughout their life cycle.
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Khan, Faraz, Niraj Mantri, Sagar Rajput, Dhananjay Dhakane, and Puja Padiya. "Anonymous De-centralized Ephemeral Chat Application using Interplanetary File System." ITM Web of Conferences 32 (2020): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203202004.
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Communication is essential for human beings and we communicate globally with the means of internet every day. Internet is an interconnected mesh of networks where our data is transferred through hundreds of nodes before reaching its destination. As the intermediary network node increases, the risk of losing confidentiality and integrity is also affected. Decentralized Chat (DChat) is a chat service on the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) peer-to-peer protocol where users can communicate with ephemeral chats under any anonymous alias. The users are not aware of real identity of each other and the chats are lost from the service once the node is disconnected. The data is tamper-resistant because to alter it would change the hash and invalidate it from the network. Here we aim to develop a secure chat service that provides anonymity and ephemeral chats using cost-effective IPFS technology.
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Kang, Peng, Wenzhong Yang, and Jiong Zheng. "Blockchain Private File Storage-Sharing Method Based on IPFS." Sensors 22, no. 14 (2022): 5100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145100.
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Under the current national network environment, anyone can participate in publishing. As an important information resource, knowledge files reflect the workload of publishers. Moreover, high-quality knowledge files can promote the progress of society. However, pirated inferior files have the opposite effect. At present, most organizations use centralized servers to centrally manage the knowledge files released by users. In addition, it is necessary to introduce an untrusted third party to examine and encrypt the contents of files, which leads to an opaque process of file storage transactions, tampering with intellectual copyright, and the inability to have consistent systems of file management among institutions due to the lack of uniform standards for the same intellectual files. The purpose of this paper is to ensure the safe storage of knowledge files on the one hand and to realize efficient sharing of copyrighted files on the other hand. Therefore, this paper combines NDN (Named Data Network) technology with a distributed blockchain and an Interplanetary File System (IPFS) and proposes a blockchain knowledge file storage and sharing method based on an NDN. The method uses the NDN itself for the file content signature and encryption, thereby separating the file security and transmission process. At the same time, the method uses a flexible NDN reverse path forwarding and routing strategy, combining an IPFS private storage network to improve the safety of the encrypted data storage security. Finally, the method takes advantage of all participating nodes consensus and shares files in the synchronized blockchain to ensure traceability. This paper introduces the structure and principles of the method and describes the process of file upload and transfer. Finally, the performance of the method is compared and evaluated, and the advantages and disadvantages of the method and the future research direction are summarized.
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Алієва, Марія. "IPFS як засіб підвищення ефективності DVPN". InterConf, № 41(185) (19 січня 2024): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.01.2024.063.
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Ця робота досліджує застосування децентралізованих VPN (DVPN) з використанням блокчейн-технології для підвищення безпеки мереж Інтернету речей (ІоТ) від атак типу “людина посередині” (MitM). Робота розкриває ключові переваги та виклики впровадження технології DVPN у мережі ІоТ, з приділенням основної уваги подоланню високих вимог до ресурсів при застосуванні блокчейну. З метою вирішення проблематики було запропоновано поєднати DVPN з міжпланетною файловою системою (InterPlanetary File System, IPFS), що дозволить зменшити навантаження на ресурси ІоТ-пристроїв.
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Tony Haryanto, Kalamullah Ramli, and Arga Dhahana Pramudianto. "DATA AVAILABILITY IN DECENTRALIZED DATA STORAGE USING FOUR-NODE INTERPLANETARY FILE SYSTEM." Jurnal Teknik Informatika (Jutif) 4, no. 3 (2023): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52436/1.jutif.2023.4.3.1030.
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Centralized storage is a data storage model in which data is stored and managed in a single physical location or centralized system. In this model, all data and information are stored on servers or data centers managed by one entity or organization. This model also has disadvantages such as risk of system failure against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, natural disasters, and hardware failures causing a single point of failure. This threat results in loss of data and a lack of user confidence in the availability of data in centralized storage. This study proposes to evaluate the availability of data in decentralized data storage using a four-node interplanetary file system (IPFS) that is interconnected with a swarm key as the authentication key. Unlike centralized storage which has only one data center, four-node IPFS allows users to upload and download data from four interconnected data centers. This can avoid dependence on the central server and reduce server load. The evaluation results show that decentralized data storage using a four-node IPFS system is three times more resilient than centralized storage against a single point of failure. This system can increase data availability so that organizations can minimize data loss from the threat of system failure.
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Acquah, Moses Arhinful, Na Chen, Jeng-Shyang Pan, Hong-Mei Yang, and Bin Yan. "Securing Fingerprint Template Using Blockchain and Distributed Storage System." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (2020): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060951.
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Biometrics, with its uniqueness to every individual, has been adapted as a security authentication feature by many institutions. These biometric data are processed into templates that are saved on databases, and a central authority centralizes and controls these databases. This form of storing biometric data, or in our case fingerprint template, is asymmetric and prone to three main security attacks, such as fake template input, template modification or deletion, and channel interception by a malicious attacker. In this paper, we secure an encrypted fingerprint template by a symmetric peer-to-peer network and symmetric encryption. The fingerprint is encrypted by the symmetric key algorithm: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and then is uploaded to a symmetrically distributed storage system, the InterPlanetary File system (IPFS). The hash of the templated is stored in a decentralized blockchain. The slow transaction speed of the blockchain has limited its use in real-life applications, such as large file storage, hence, the merge with IPFS to store just the hashes of large files. The encrypted template is uploaded to the IPFS, and its returned digest is stored on the Ethereum network. The implementation of IPFS prevents storing the raw state of the fingerprint template on the Ethereum network in order to reduce cost and also prevent identity theft. This procedure is an improvement of previous systems. By adopting the method of template hashing, the proposed system is cost-effective and efficient. The experimental results depict that the proposed system secures the fingerprint template by encryption, hashing, and decentralization.
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Shalom, G. Richa, and Ganesh Rohit Nirogi. "Decentralized Cloud Storage Using Blockchain." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (2022): 1294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46810.
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Abstract: Because of its accessibility and ease of use, cloud storage has become the most widely used type of storage on the market in recent years. However, the privacy and data security of cloud storage are at risk. The protection of data security and privacy is the main topic of this essay. We suggest a blockchain-based decentralised storage system. Since blockchain is a distributed peer-to-peer system, any processing node connected to the internet can join and build peers' networks, maximising resource usage. Blockchain protects data security. The user's file is encrypted and shared among a number of network peers in the proposed system utilising the IPFS (Interplanetary File System) protocol. Hashes are generated by IPFS. The path of the file is indicated by the hash value, which is kept on the blockchain. This project is focused on decentralised secure data storage, high data availability, and effective storage resource usage.
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Bin Saif, Muhammad, Sara Migliorini, and Fausto Spoto. "Efficient and Secure Distributed Data Storage and Retrieval Using Interplanetary File System and Blockchain." Future Internet 16, no. 3 (2024): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi16030098.
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Blockchain technology has been successfully applied in recent years to promote the immutability, traceability, and authenticity of previously collected and stored data. However, the amount of data stored in the blockchain is usually limited for economic and technological issues. Namely, the blockchain usually stores only a fingerprint of data, such as the hash of data, while full, raw information is stored off-chain. This is generally enough to guarantee immutability and traceability, but misses to support another important property, that is, data availability. This is particularly true when a traditional, centralized database is chosen for off-chain storage. For this reason, many proposals try to properly combine blockchain with decentralized IPFS storage. However, the storage of data on IPFS could pose some privacy problems. This paper proposes a solution that properly combines blockchain, IPFS, and encryption techniques to guarantee immutability, traceability, availability, and data privacy.
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Shibano, Kyohei, Kensuke Ito, Changhee Han, Tsz Tat Chu, Wataru Ozaki, and Gento Mogi. "Secure Processing and Distribution of Data Managed on Private InterPlanetary File System Using Zero-Knowledge Proofs." Electronics 13, no. 15 (2024): 3025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13153025.
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In this study, a new data-sharing method is proposed that uses a private InterPlanetary File System—a decentralized storage system operated within a closed network—to distribute data to external entities while making its authenticity verifiable. Among the two operational modes of IPFS, public and private, this study focuses on the method for using private IPFS. Private IPFS is not open to the general public; although it poses a risk of data tampering when distributing data to external parties, the proposed method ensures the authenticity of the received data. In particular, this method applies a type of zero-knowledge proof, namely, the Groth16 protocol of zk-SNARKs, to ensure that the data corresponds to the content identifier in a private IPFS. Moreover, the recipient’s name is embedded into the distributed data to prevent unauthorized secondary distribution. Experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method for an image data size of up to 120 × 120 pixels. In future studies, the proposed method will be applied to larger and more diverse data types.
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Thanalakshmi, P., A. Rishikhesh, Joel Marion Marceline, Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, and Woong Cho. "A Quantum-Resistant Blockchain System: A Comparative Analysis." Mathematics 11, no. 18 (2023): 3947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11183947.
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Blockchain transactions are decentralized, secure, and transparent, and they have altered industries. However, the emergence of quantum computing presents a severe security risk to the traditional encryption algorithms used in blockchain. Post-quantum signatures are required to preserve integrity and reliability. Furthermore, combining the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) with blockchain provides a long-term strategy for data storage and sharing. This study investigates the integration of post-quantum signatures with the IPFS in a blockchain system, which can considerably enhance blockchain system efficiency. We increase security and efficiency by recording hash values of signatures and public keys within the blockchain and storing their actual content using the IPFS. The study compares NIST-recommended post-quantum signatures with the ECDSA in a Bitcoin exchange scheme to show how effective the system is in countering quantum threats while maintaining optimal performance. This research makes an important addition to the long-term viability and dependability of blockchain technology in the face of the growing landscape of quantum computing breakthroughs.
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Jain, Meenu, and Manisha Jalia. "Blockchain-Based Data Sharing Approach Considering Educational Data." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 16, no. 1 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.303666.
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The innovation of cloud computing technologies gained huge interest wherein more individuals started to outsource their data to cloud-based servers. However, open networks and untrusted cloud platforms face privacy and security issues while outsourcing data to the cloud. The proposed Blockchain-based data sharing mechanism effectively solves failure issues of the cloud storage system and provides several benefits by maximizing throughput. This framework embeds the Interplanetary File System and blockchain for effective data sharing between cloud owners and the requester. Here, the system comprises five different entities and the proposed method involves six different phases. This model acquires InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for effective data sharing between cloud owners and the requester. The proposed method provides superior performance in contrast to other techniques with the highest genuine detection rate of 0.880, minimal communication overhead of 0.642, and maximal private rate of 0.564.
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Wankhede, Shrunkhla. "Blockchain Based Decentralized Storage Drive." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 10 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37842.
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The "Decentralized Storage Drive" project introduces a secure, blockchain-based platform for decentralized data storage and sharing. By integrating the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized storage, the platform ensures that data remains immutable and resistant to censorship. Solidity smart contracts deployed on the Ethereum blockchain provide robust mechanisms for access control, allowing users to manage data ownership and permissions without relying on centralized authorities. A React-based front- end interface simplifies user interaction, enabling seamless data upload and access management. This project addresses critical issues related to data privacy, security, and ownership, offering a user-friendly solution that empowers individuals with greater control over their digital assets. Throughout the development of this project, a focus on security, user control, and decentralization has been paramount. The rigorous testing of smart contracts and the integration of secure authentication methods ensure that the platform is both reliable and resilient to potential threats. The "Decentralized Storage Drive" represents a significant advancement in the field of decentralized applications, demonstrating the practical application of blockchain technology in everyday data management. Key Words: Decentralized Storage, Blockchain Technology, IPFS(InterPlanetary File System), Smart Contracts, Data Integrity, Access Control
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SK, Sameerunnisa, Dedivya Sri Harshini Tellabati, Sirisha Yetukuri, Harsha Satya Sri Ram, and Ram Praveen Sivalasetty. "Decentralization of Webhosting Using Blockchain." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (2024): 1893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59232.
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Abstract: This paper introduces a ground breaking approach to web hosting, leveraging the decentralized infrastructure of the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) and the secure framework of the Ethereum blockchain. In this novel model, Ethereum smart contracts govern the IPFS network and hosting services, ensuring robust management and reliability. IPFS serves as the backbone for data storage and website hosting, with storage miner nodes providing essential pinning services to maintain the longevity of stored content. Additionally, these nodes facilitate the Interplanetary Name Space (IPNS) service, enabling the creation and maintenance of mutable links to IPFS contents, thus enhancing accessibility and ease of updates. DNS TXT records are employed to seamlessly map domain names to IPNS addresses, seamlessly integrating decentralized hosting with traditional web infrastructure. To safeguard user privacy and data integrity, websites deploy advanced encryption algorithms, ensuring confidentiality in the decentralized environment. The proposed model represents a fusion of IPFS and blockchain networks, creating a robust platform for decentralized web hosting. Through experimental validation, the efficacy of this approach is demonstrated, showcasing its ability to surpass traditional web hosting models in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This innovative solution not only addresses existing challenges in web hosting but also heralds a new era of decentralized, secure, and accessible internet infrastructure
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Asmiyanto, Taufik, Nafi Putrawan, Yusuf Widiarta, Hanif Inamullah, and Zaidan Abdurrahman Qois. "Armanesia Blockchain System: Blockchain and IFPS-Based Archive System Prototype." Khizanah al-Hikmah : Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan, Informasi, dan Kearsipan 10, no. 2 (2022): 194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/kah/v10i2a9.
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Document integrity is critical to public trust in archives management. Armanesia is an innovative research project aims to develop prototype of information systems to support the management of digital archives based on blockchain technology. The project uses blockchain technology to record verification, immutability, and other metadata derived from various types of digital records. In this system, archives are permanently stored through peer-to-peer distribution and consensus verification without the need for a third party. The continuum archive cycle is based on Armanesia workflow infrastructure. The prototype is built through open-source technologies such as IPFS (Interplanetary File System) for blockchain-enabled file systems to design a system prototype using the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) method. Armanesia technology can be applied for both public and private blockchain ecosystems.
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Bhuvaneshwari Shetty. "Secure file sharing over block-chain and IPFS." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (2021): 697–704. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0547.
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Data sharing is a crucial step in the research community to make the most of the prior effort. Platforms for sharing data currently in use rely on trustworthy third parties (TTP). Such systems lack immutability, security, transparency, and trust because of TTP’s involvement. In order to address these problems, the proposed system approaches an Interplanetary File System (IPFS)-based blockchain-based secure data sharing platform. The user uploads a data file to the IPFS server, which is subsequently split up into several secret shares. By carrying out the access responsibilities that the user has specified in the smart contract, the suggested scheme accomplishes security and access control. This scenario combines encryption, Ethereum blockchain technology, decentralized storage, and incentive systems. Solidity smart contracts are created and deployed on a local Ethereum test network in order to carry out the suggested scenario. Transparency, Security, Access control, Owner authenticity, and Data quality are all achieved by the suggested plan.
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Arissabarno, Cahyo, Sritrusta Sukaridhoto, Idris Winarno, and Rizqi Putri Nourma Budiarti. "Event-driven integration of electronic medical records with blockchain and InterPlanetary file system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 14, no. 3 (2025): 2131–42. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v14i3.9355.
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The integrity, security, and accessibility of electronic medical record (EMR) are often compromised by traditional systems, which struggle to ensure data integrity, transparent audit trails, and secure long-term storage. This research addresses these challenges by integrating EMR with a private blockchain and InterPlanetary file system (IPFS) cluster, using change data capture (CDC) for real-time updates and integrate with existing EMR systems, avoiding the need for building new EMR software. Implemented in the OpenEMR framework, the system's performance is evaluated across various processes, including document uploading, sharing, access, deletion, and integrity verification. Testing with anonymized medical records in PDF formats ranging from 1 MB to 100 MB shows that uploading to IPFS takes 0.7 seconds per MB, blockchain transaction processing averages 4.2 seconds, CDC time is 1.1 seconds per MB, and OpenEMR uploads average 0.98 seconds per MB. These results demonstrate significant improvements in data security, integrity, and availability, following the CIA triad principles. The system provides a traceable and secure solution for EMR management.
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Mahesh, Abhirudh. "Decentralized Social Media: Addressing Trust and Transparency in Digital Communication." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem48630.
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Abstract— This research introduces a Blockchain-based Decentralized Application designed to address these issues. Leveraging Ethereum smart contracts and decentralized storage via IPFS, the application ensures secure peer-to-peer communication, immutable data storage, and enhanced transparency. By eliminating the need for centralized intermediaries, the Blockchain-based Decentralized Application empowers users, prioritizes data privacy, and fosters trust. This research introduces a Blockchain-based Decentralized Application designed to address these issues. Leveraging Ethereum smart contracts and decentralized storage via IPFS, the application ensures secure peer-to-peer communication, immutable data storage, and enhanced transparency. By eliminating the need for centralized intermediaries, the Blockchain-based Decentralized Application empowers users, prioritizes data privacy, and fosters trust. Index Terms—Distributed Ledger Technology(DLT), Smart Contracts, InterPlanetary File System(IPFS), Cryptographic Security.
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Srikandh. J, Mr. "Next-Generation Electronic Health Records with Blockchain Technology." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem47417.
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Abstract — The current Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems face challenges in security, efficiency, and patient data control. This paper explores an innovative, blockchain-based EHR system designed to enhance data protection, transparency, and accessibility. Utilizing Ethereum smart contracts for automated transactions, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized storage, and artificial intelligence (AI) for personalized healthcare insights, the proposed system significantly improves interoperability, security, and scalability. A role-based access framework empowers patients to manage their health records while ensuring doctors and administrators can securely access and update information. Performance evaluations demonstrate improvements in efficiency, security, and patient autonomy, positioning this system as a transformative step toward decentralized healthcare. Keywords— Blockchain, Electronic Health Records, Smart Contracts, AI in Healthcare, Decentralized Storage, IPFS, Security, Interoperability, Scalability, Compliance.
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Begum, Dr Gousiya. "IMAGECHAIN: Secure Image Ownership with Blockchain." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 1633–41. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70539.
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ImageChain is a Python application that combines image steganography, blockchain, and Interplanetary File System (IPFS) to create a secure, decentralized system for image metadata management. The system allows users to hide secret messages in images using steganography, keeping data confidential and authentic. The images are then stored on IPFS, which creates a distributed storage hash. IPFS hash and title, description metadata are stored in a local Ethereum blockchain through Solidity-written smart contracts. Updating and retrieving metadata, as well as transferring ownership among Ethereum addresses through Web3.py, are supported by the platform. Image processing is carried out through OpenCV. With these technologies together, transparency, traceability, and tamper-evident record-keeping across the life cycle of the digital image are provided. ImageChain illustrates the value of the integration of steganography, decentralized storage, and blockchain technology to create secure systems for use in digital rights management, forensic processing, and secure communication.
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Chetana, Pujari, Muniyal Balachandra, and C. B. Chandrakala. "A decentralized consensus application using blockchain ecosystem." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (2020): 6399–411. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6399-6411.
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The consensus is a critical operation of any decision-making process. It involves a set of eligible members; whose decision need to be honored by taking their acknowledgment before making any decision. The traditional consensus process follows centralized architecture, the members need to rely on and trust this architecture. The proposed system aims to develop a secure decentralized consensus application in the untrusted environment by making use of blockchain technology along with smart contract and interplanetary file system (IPFS).
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Haryanto, Tony, and Kalamullah Ramli. "Desain dan Analisis Sistem CyberShare Menggunakan Four Node Interplanetary File System (IPFS)." Jurnal Informatika: Jurnal Pengembangan IT 8, no. 2 (2023): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30591/jpit.v8i2.5141.
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Cybersecurity information sharing is a proactive and collaborative measure in enhancing organizational security by exchanging cybersecurity information using a centralized repository service. However, in practice, the use of centralized services poses a threat to distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks which can result in system failure and cause single point of failure as well as man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks which can result in modification of information and theft of exchanged information. This threat results in a lack of user confidence in the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. This study proposes the design of a secure cybersecurity information sharing (CyberShare) system using a private interplanetary file system (IPFS) network as a decentralized information storage. Unlike centralized storage which only has a single-node, CyberShare systems use four-node IPFS interconnected with swarm keys as authentication keys. This system allows users to store and share information from the sender to the recipient of information, avoiding dependence on a central server and reducing server load. The results of the analysis show that the proposed CyberShare system can guarantee the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of cyber security information. CyberShare systems can enhance the security of the information exchanged so that organizations can safely share and utilize cybersecurity information.
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Naz, Muqaddas, Fahad A. Al-zahrani, Rabiya Khalid, et al. "A Secure Data Sharing Platform Using Blockchain and Interplanetary File System." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (2019): 7054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247054.
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In a research community, data sharing is an essential step to gain maximum knowledge from the prior work. Existing data sharing platforms depend on trusted third party (TTP). Due to the involvement of TTP, such systems lack trust, transparency, security, and immutability. To overcome these issues, this paper proposed a blockchain-based secure data sharing platform by leveraging the benefits of interplanetary file system (IPFS). A meta data is uploaded to IPFS server by owner and then divided into n secret shares. The proposed scheme achieves security and access control by executing the access roles written in smart contract by owner. Users are first authenticated through RSA signatures and then submit the requested amount as a price of digital content. After the successful delivery of data, the user is encouraged to register the reviews about data. These reviews are validated through Watson analyzer to filter out the fake reviews. The customers registering valid reviews are given incentives. In this way, maximum reviews are submitted against every file. In this scenario, decentralized storage, Ethereum blockchain, encryption, and incentive mechanism are combined. To implement the proposed scenario, smart contracts are written in solidity and deployed on local Ethereum test network. The proposed scheme achieves transparency, security, access control, authenticity of owner, and quality of data. In simulation results, an analysis is performed on gas consumption and actual cost required in terms of USD, so that a good price estimate can be done while deploying the implemented scenario in real set-up. Moreover, computational time for different encryption schemes are plotted to represent the performance of implemented scheme, which is shamir secret sharing (SSS). Results show that SSS shows the least computational time as compared to advanced encryption standard (AES) 128 and 256.
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Singh, Sanket. "Evidence Vault." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33349.
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Ensuring the integrity of evidence is paramount within the realm of digital forensics. The preservation of evidence gathered at a crime scene is essential for concluding investigations and delivering justice to those involved. Hence, it is imperative to safeguard this evidence from any form of tampering. The process that upholds the reliability of evidence is known as the "chain of custody." Failure to maintain the chain of custody can render the evidence inadmissible in court, potentially resulting in the dismissal of the case. To address these challenges and promote an eco-friendly approach, there is a need to modernize the forensic evidence protection system through digitalization. Blockchain technology offers a promising solution in this regard. Blockchains are decentralized digital ledgers that chronologically record transactions through cryptographic signatures. These transactions are organized into blocks and are accessible to all participants within the blockchain network. In conjunction with this, the Interplanetary File System (IPFS) serves as a network file system that complements the blockchain. The current research aims to develop a system that leverages blockchain technology to digitize the forensic evidence protection system while preserving the chain of custody. This approach is rooted in the principles of blockchain and the utilization of IPFS. Keywords: Evidence, Blockchain Technology, Digital Forensics, Chain of Custody, IPFS, Cryptography.
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Pujari, Chetana, Balachandra Muniyal, and Chandrakala C. B. "A decentralized consensus application using blockchain ecosystem." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 6 (2020): 6399. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i6.pp6399-6411.
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The consensus is a critical operation of any decision-making process. 
 It involves a set of eligible members; whose decision need to be honored by taking their acknowledgment before making any decision. The traditional consensus process follows centralized architecture, the members need to rely on and trust this architecture. The proposed system aims to develop a secure decentralized consensus application in the untrusted environment by making use of blockchain technology along with smart contract and interplanetary file system (IPFS).
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Swati, Jadhav, and Pise Nitin. "Securing Decentralized Storage in Blockchain: A Hybrid Cryptographic Framework." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 24, no. 2 (2024): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2024-0013.
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Abstract The evolution of decentralized storage, propelled by blockchain advancements, has revolutionized data management. This paper focuses on content security in the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), a leading decentralized storage network lacking inherent content encryption. To address this vulnerability, we propose a novel hybrid cryptographic algorithm, merging AES 128-bit encryption with Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) key generation. The algorithm includes ECC key pairs, random IV generation, and content/AES key encryption using ECC public keys. Benchmarking against standard AES 256-bit methods shows a significant 20% acceleration in encryption speed and a 16% increase in decryption efficiency, affirming practicality for enhancing IPFS content security. This research contributes to securing decentralized storage and provides a performance-driven solution. The promising results highlight the viability of the proposed approach, advancing understanding and mitigating security concerns in IPFS and similar systems.
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M, Mohamed Javid. "Secured Blockchain-Based Voting System Using ZKP, IPFS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 2405–11. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.70767.
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Abstract: In modern democracies, secure and transparent voting mechanisms are critical for ensuring public trust and electoral integrity. Traditional voting systems often face challenges such as tampering, identity fraud, and lack of transparency. This paper proposes a Blockchain-Based Voting System designed to address these issues by integrating advanced technologies including Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP), InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), and the Polygon Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain. The system incorporates Aadhaar-based identity verification with OTP authentication to ensure that only eligible citizens can vote, while preserving voter anonymity through the implementation of ZKP. All sensitive data, including votes and candidate information, are recorded on the decentralized Polygon network, ensuring immutability and transparency. IPFS is employed for storing large files such as candidate profiles and voting records in a secure and distributed manner. Smart contracts automate the core election functions such as vote casting, validation, and result declaration, thereby minimizing the risk of human error and manipulation. A modular user interface is provided for both voters and election administrators, facilitating real-time monitoring, seamless authentication, and secure participation. By leveraging blockchain’s trustless architecture and privacypreserving cryptographic protocols, the proposed system aims to modernize the electoral process, enhance voter confidence, and strengthen democratic institutions in the digital age.The architecture ensures end-to-end verifiability, making each vote independently auditable without compromising confidentiality. This integration of privacy, security, and scalability offers a robust foundation for next-generation electoral systems.
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Ayare, Mr Aryan A. "EduLedger: A Hybrid Blockchain-IPFS Framework for Academic Record Management." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 06 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem49817.
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Abstract - The management of academic records remains constrained by centralized infrastructures, resulting in inefficiencies, data silos, and security vulnerabilities. This paper presents EduLedger, a hybrid academic record management framework that integrates Hyperledger Fabric, a permissioned blockchain, with the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for decentralized off-chain storage. Addressing the core challenges of scalability, fine-grained access control, and regulatory compliance, EduLedger employs a hierarchical RBAC-ABAC access model, GDPR-compliant data revocation, and RAFT consensus for efficient transaction processing. Smart contracts enforce transcript lifecycle operations and role-based permissions, while IPFS ensures tamper-proof, content-addressed storage of large academic files. The system’s modular architecture supports cross-institutional data sharing and auditability without compromising privacy or performance. Through this integration, EduLedger offers a scalable, secure, and legally compliant alternative to traditional academic record systems, establishing a new benchmark for digital credentialing in education. Key Words: blockchain, academic records, data integrity, hyperledger fabric, ethereum, off-chain storage, consensus algorithms, smart contracts
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Riadi, Imam, Tohari Ahmad, Riyanarto Sarno, Purwono Purwono, and Alfian Ma'arif. "Developing Data Integrity in an Electronic Health Record System using Blockchain and InterPlanetary File System (Case Study: COVID-19 Data)." Emerging Science Journal 4 (February 1, 2022): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-sp1-013.
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The misuse of health data stored in the Electronic Health Record (EHR) system can be uncontrolled. For example, mishandling of privacy and data security related to Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19), containing patient diagnosis and vaccine certificate in Indonesia. We propose a system framework design by utilizing the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) and Blockchain technology to overcome this problem. The IPFS environment supports a large data storage with a distributed network powered by Ethereum blockchain. The combination of this technology allows data stored in the EHR to be secure and available at any time. All data are secured with a blockchain cryptographic algorithm and can only be accessed using a user's private key. System testing evaluates the mechanism and process of storing and accessing data from 346 computers connected to the IPFS network and Blockchain by considering several parameters, such as gas unit, CPU load, network latency, and bandwidth used. The obtained results show that 135205 gas units are used in each transaction based on the tests. The average execution speed ranges from 12.98 to 14.08 GHz, 26 KB/s is used for incoming, and 4 KB/s is for outgoing bandwidth. Our contribution is in designing a blockchain-based decentralized EHR system by maximizing the use of private keys as an access right to maintain the integrity of COVID-19 diagnosis and certificate data. We also provide alternative storage using a distributed IPFS to maintain data availability at all times as a solution to the problem of traditional cloud storage, which often ignores data availability. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-SP1-013 Full Text: PDF