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Journal articles on the topic 'Ipsilateral silent period'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Jung, Patrick, and Ulf Ziemann. "Differences of the ipsilateral silent period in small hand muscles." Muscle & Nerve 34, no. 4 (2006): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.20604.

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2

Jung, P., A. Beyerle, and U. Ziemann. "Ipsilateral silent period: A specific marker of transcallosal motor transfer?" Clinical Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (2007): e53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.11.130.

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3

Garvey, Marjorie A., Christopher A. Barker, John J. Bartko, et al. "The ipsilateral silent period in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Clinical Neurophysiology 116, no. 8 (2005): 1889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2005.03.018.

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4

Kuo, Yi-Ling, Tobin Dubuc, Danielle F. Boufadel, and Beth E. Fisher. "Measuring ipsilateral silent period: Effects of muscle contraction levels and quantification methods." Brain Research 1674 (November 2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2017.08.015.

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5

Giovannelli, Fabio, Alessandra Borgheresi, Fabrizio Balestrieri, et al. "Modulation of interhemispheric inhibition by volitional motor activity: an ipsilateral silent period study." Journal of Physiology 587, no. 22 (2009): 5393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2009.175885.

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6

Hübers, Annemarie, Jan Kassubek, Hans-Peter Müller, Nicolas Broc, Jens Dreyhaupt, and Albert C. Ludolph. "The ipsilateral silent period: an early diagnostic marker of callosal disconnection in ALS." Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 12 (January 2021): 204062232110440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20406223211044072.

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Introduction: Imaging studies showed affection of the corpus callosum (CC) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we sought to determine whether these structural alterations reflect on the functional level, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Methods: In 31 ALS patients and 12 controls, we studied mirror movements (MM) and transcallosal inhibition (TI) using TMS. Structural integrity of transcallosal fibres was assessed using diffusion tensor imaging. Results: TI was pathologic in 25 patients (81%), 22 (71%) showed MM. Loss of TI was observed in very early stages (disease dur

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7

Lo, Y. L., and S. Fook-Chong. "A transcranial magnetic stimulation study of the ipsilateral silent period in lower limb muscles." Neuroscience Letters 368, no. 3 (2004): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.07.080.

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8

Compta, Yaroslau, Josep Valls-Solé, Francesc Valldeoriola, Hatice Kumru, and Jordi Rumià. "The silent period of the thenar muscles to contralateral and ipsilateral deep brain stimulation." Clinical Neurophysiology 117, no. 11 (2006): 2512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.08.005.

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9

Cincotta, M., F. Giovannelli, A. Borgheresi, et al. "Modulatory effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the ipsilateral silent period." Experimental Brain Research 171, no. 4 (2005): 490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-005-0296-3.

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10

Petitjean, Michel, and Julie Yeung Lam Ko. "An age-related change in the ipsilateral silent period of a small hand muscle." Clinical Neurophysiology 124, no. 2 (2013): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.006.

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11

Daikuya, Shinichi, and Yumi Okayama. "Opponens pollicis silent period during a precision motor task with the isometric contraction of the ipsilateral knee extension." International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology 7, no. 2 (2018): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22631/ijaep.v7i2.271.

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Objectives: To clarify the excitability of the central nervous system function via a difference in the feedback method, we examined the alterations in the duration of the silent period recorded from the opponens pollicis muscle during a precision motor task. This task involved isometric knee extension using visual feedback and verbal conduction. Design: Cross-sectional study with an A-B-A task-order design.  Methods: 12 healthy adults (7 males and 5 females; mean age: 23.7 ± 2.1 years) participated in this study. SP was recorded from the opponens pollicis muscle during a precision

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Roser, Florian, Florian H. Ebner, Marina Liebsch, Klaus Dietz, and Marcos Tatagiba. "A new concept in the electrophysiological evaluation of syringomyelia." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 8, no. 6 (2008): 517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi/2008/8/6/517.

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Object The current neurophysiological assessment of syringomyelia is inadequate. Early-stage syringomyelia is anatomically predisposed to affect decussating spinothalamic fibers that convey pain and sensation primarily. Silent periods have been proven to be a sensitive tool for detecting alterations in this pathway. Methods Thirty-seven patients with syringomyelia were included in this prospective study. Routine electrophysiological measurements were applied including somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) recordings for all extremities. The silent periods were

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13

Jung, Patrick, Astrid Beyerle, Marek Humpich, Tobias Neumann-Haefelin, Heinrich Lanfermann, and Ulf Ziemann. "Ipsilateral silent period: A marker of callosal conduction abnormality in early relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis?" Journal of the Neurological Sciences 250, no. 1-2 (2006): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2006.08.008.

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14

Cincotta, M., F. Giovannelli, A. Borgheresi, et al. "P20-22 Modulation of interhemispheric inhibition by volitional motor activity: an ipsilateral silent period study." Clinical Neurophysiology 121 (October 2010): S225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60919-4.

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15

Ko, J. Y. L., and M. Petitjean. "P8.5 An age-related change in the ipsilateral silent period of a small hand muscle." Clinical Neurophysiology 122 (June 2011): S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60336-2.

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16

Cincotta, M., F. Giovannelli, A. Borgheresi, et al. "FC8.2 Modulatory effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the ipsilateral silent period." Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (September 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.027.

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17

Hübers, A., B. Böckler, and T. Kammer. "Ipsilateral cortical silent period as a marker of corpus callosum function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Brain Stimulation 12, no. 2 (2019): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.291.

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18

Nafz, C., N. Seusing, M. Lotze, S. Strauss, and M. Grothe. "P 26. Ipsilateral silent period in multiple sclerosis and healthy controls depends on stimulus intensity." Clinical Neurophysiology 132, no. 8 (2021): e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.347.

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19

Young, M. S., W. J. Triggs, D. Bowers, M. Greer, and W. A. Friedman. "Stereotactic pallidotomy lengthens the transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation silent period in Parkinson's disease." Neurology 49, no. 5 (1997): 1278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.49.5.1278.

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We compared the duration of the EMG cortical stimulation silent period(CSSP) elicited in abductor pollicis brevis using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after stereotactic unilateral globus pallidus internus pallidotomy (PAL) in 12 patients with Parkinson's disease. We used TMS stimulus intensities of 200, 150, 120, and 100% of motor evoked potential(MEP) threshold before and after (86 ± 25 days) PAL. PAL increased CSSP duration at stimulus intensities of 200% of MEP threshold in the hand contralateral to the stereotactic lesion. In a subset of five patients able to remain at

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Cincotta, M., F. Giovannelli, A. Borgheresi, et al. "FC40.2 Interhemispheric inhibition by voluntary motor cortex activation measured by enhancement of the ipsilateral silent period." Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (September 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.133.

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21

Petitjean, M., and J. C. Crépin. "PTMS2 Influence of transcranial magnetic stimulation waveforms on the ipsilateral silent period of a small hand muscle." Clinical Neurophysiology 122 (June 2011): S181—S182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60655-x.

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22

Swanson, Clayton W., and Felix Proessl. "High-definition transcranial direct-current stimulation of the right M1 further facilitates left M1 excitability during crossed facilitation." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 1 (2018): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00177.2018.

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Cabibel et al. (J Neurophysiol 119: 1266–1272, 2018) report non-polarity-specific effects of high-definition direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on crossed facilitation (CF), demonstrated by complex excitatory and inhibitory interhemispheric interactions coupled with HD-tDCS. Choosing a variety of stimulation and muscle contraction parameters and having all participants undergo anodal, cathodal, and sham stimulation may increase the current understanding of HD-tDCS on CF. Furthermore, complementary metrics like the ipsilateral silent period may provide more clarity regarding the polarity-spec

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23

Wiemann, M., N. Drämel, C. Nafz, et al. "P 60. Influence of TMS intensity on the ipsilateral silent period - comparison of RMT-adjusted and maximum stimulator output intensities." Clinical Neurophysiology 132, no. 8 (2021): e28-e29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.376.

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24

Bradnam, Lynley V., Cathy M. Stinear, Gwyn N. Lewis, and Winston D. Byblow. "Task-Dependent Modulation of Inputs to Proximal Upper Limb Following Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Primary Motor Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 5 (2010): 2382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01046.2009.

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Cathodal transcranial DC stimulation (c-tDCS) suppresses excitability of primary motor cortex (M1) controlling contralateral hand muscles. This study assessed whether c-tDCS would have similar effects on ipsi- and contralateral M1 projections to a proximal upper limb muscle. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of left M1 was used to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the left and right infraspinatus (INF) muscle immediately before and after c-tDCS of left M1, and at 20 and 40 min, post-c-tDCS. TMS was delivered as participants preactivated each INF in isolation (left, right) or both

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25

Fisicaro, Francesco, Giuseppe Lanza, Carmela Cinzia D’Agate, et al. "Intracortical and Intercortical Motor Disinhibition to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Newly Diagnosed Celiac Disease Patients." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (2021): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051530.

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Background: Celiac disease (CD) may present or be complicated by neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) probes brain excitability non-invasively, also preclinically. We previously demonstrated an intracortical motor disinhibition and hyperfacilitation in de novo CD patients, which revert back after a long-term gluten-free diet (GFD). In this cross-sectional study, we explored the interhemispheric excitability by transcallosal inhibition, which has never been investigated in CD. Methods: A total of 15 right-handed de novo, neurologically asympt

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Bradnam, Lynley V., Cathy M. Stinear, and Winston D. Byblow. "Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation suppresses ipsilateral projections to presumed propriospinal neurons of the proximal upper limb." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 5 (2011): 2582–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01084.2010.

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This study investigated whether cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS) of left primary motor cortex (M1) modulates excitability of ipsilateral propriospinal premotoneurons (PNs) in healthy humans. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the right motor cortex was used to obtain motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the left biceps brachii (BB) while participants maintained contraction of the left BB. To examine presumed PN excitability, left BB MEPs were compared with those conditioned by median nerve stimulation (MNS) at the left elbow. Interstimulus intervals between TMS

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27

Wise, Sarah K., Ted H. Wojno, and John M. DelGaudio. "Silent Sinus Syndrome: Lack of Orbital Findings in Early Presentation." American Journal of Rhinology 21, no. 4 (2007): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajr.2007.21.3055.

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Background Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) is an uncommon disease process, classically described as unilateral maxillary sinus opacification that presents with enophthalmos and atelectasis of bony sinus walls from chronic negative pressure. Patients are largely free of characteristic rhinosinusitis symptoms. Methods Operative reports, clinic notes, and radiological studies were reviewed for cases of SSS treated in a tertiary care institution over a 7-year period. Presenting symptoms, radiological features, and surgical findings were evaluated. Results Seventeen cases of SSS were identified. Presen

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28

Milosevic, Djordje, Janko Pasternak, Vladan Popovic, Dragan Nikolic, Pavle Milosevic, and Vladimir Manojlovic. "The analysis of the connection between plaque morphology of the asymptomatic carotid stenosis and ischemic brain lesions." Vojnosanitetski pregled 70, no. 11 (2013): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp110519020m.

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Background/Aim. A certain percentage of patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis have an unstable carotid plaque. For these patients it is possible to register by modern imaging methods the existence of lesions of the brain parenchyma - the silent brain infarction. These patients have a greater risk of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to analyze the connection between the morphology of atherosclerotic carotid plaque in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis and the manifestation of silent brain infarction, and to analyze the influence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseas

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Chaves, Arthur R., Nicholas J. Snow, Lynsey R. Alcock, and Michelle Ploughman. "Probing the Brain–Body Connection Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): Validating a Promising Tool to Provide Biomarkers of Neuroplasticity and Central Nervous System Function." Brain Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11030384.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method used to investigate neurophysiological integrity of the human neuromotor system. We describe in detail, the methodology of a single pulse TMS protocol that was performed in a large cohort of people (n = 110) with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim was to establish and validate a core-set of TMS variables that predicted typical MS clinical outcomes: walking speed, hand dexterity, fatigue, and cognitive processing speed. We provide a brief and simple methodological pipeline to examine excitatory and inhibitory corticospinal mechanism

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Kurenkov, Aleksey L., and Ada R. Artemenko. "Transcranial magnetic stimulation in child neurology." L.O. Badalyan Neurological Journal 1, no. 1 (2020): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2686-8997-2020-1-01-47-63.

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation used for research and diagnostic purposes, as well as for the treatment of a number of diseases as one of the methods of neuromodulation. In pediatrics, TMS is most often used to assess the normal maturation of the corticospinal tract when stimulating the motor areas of the cortex of healthy children with a short single pulse magnetic stimulus, and recording motor evoked potentials from different muscles of the upper and lower extremities, as well as calculating the central motor conduction time. This technique is also

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Kabir, Kaniza, MA Quddus, Rashimul Haque, et al. "Duplex color doppler evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis in patient with silent cerebral infarction detected by MRI." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 22, no. 1 (2013): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i1.15599.

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Background: Silent cerebral infarction (SCI) detected incidentally by MRI is considered the preliminary stage of accidental stroke and assumed to be secondary to atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD).The Duplex Color Doppler study is the initial screening non-invasive modality to identify carotid atherosclerotic changes and is the best approach for preoperative carotid artery evaluation in asymptomatic patients who can be expected to benefit of reduced risk of stroke in future. This cross- sectional study was carried out to assess the diagnostic usefulness of Duplex Color Doppler sonography

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32

Chen, Robert, Derek Yung, and Jie-Yuan Li. "Organization of Ipsilateral Excitatory and Inhibitory Pathways in the Human Motor Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 3 (2003): 1256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00950.2002.

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Motor cortex stimulation has both excitatory and inhibitory effects on ipsilateral muscles. Excitatory effects can be assessed by ipsilateral motor-evoked potentials (iMEPs). Inhibitory effects include an interruption of ipsilateral voluntary muscle activity known as the silent period (iSP) and a reduction in corticospinal excitability evoked by conditioning stimulation of the contralateral motor cortex (interhemispheric inhibition, IHI). Both iSP and IHI may be mediated by transcallosal pathways. Their relationship to the contralateral corticospinal projection and whether iSP and IHI represen

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Tian, Dongting, Shin-ichi Izumi, and Eizaburo Suzuki. "Modulation of Interhemispheric Inhibition between Primary Motor Cortices Induced by Manual Motor Imitation: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020266.

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Imitation has been proven effective in motor development and neurorehabilitation. However, the relationship between imitation and interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) remains unclear. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to investigate IHI. In this study, the modification effects of IHI resulting from mirror neuron system (MNS) activation during different imitations are addressed. We measured IHI between homologous primary motor cortex (M1) by analyzing the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) evoked by single-pulse focal TMS during imitation and analyzed the respective IHI modulation d

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34

Palmer, Jacqueline A., Lewis A. Wheaton, Whitney A. Gray, Mary Alice Saltão da Silva, Steven L. Wolf, and Michael R. Borich. "Role of Interhemispheric Cortical Interactions in Poststroke Motor Function." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 33, no. 9 (2019): 762–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968319862552.

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Background/Objective. We investigated interhemispheric interactions in stroke survivors by measuring transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)–evoked cortical coherence. We tested the effect of TMS on interhemispheric coherence during rest and active muscle contraction and compared coherence in stroke and older adults. We evaluated the relationships between interhemispheric coherence, paretic motor function, and the ipsilateral cortical silent period (iSP). Methods. Participants with (n = 19) and without (n = 14) chronic stroke either rested or maintained a contraction of the ipsilateral hand mu

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35

Zlatar, Zvinka Z., Stephen Towler, Keith M. McGregor, et al. "Functional Language Networks in Sedentary and Physically Active Older Adults." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 19, no. 6 (2013): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617713000246.

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AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified consistent age-related changes during various cognitive tasks, such that older individuals display more positive and less negative task-related activity than young adults. Recently, evidence shows that chronic physical exercise may alter aging-related changes in brain activity; however, the effect of exercise has not been studied for the neural substrates of language function. Additionally, the potential mechanisms by which aging alters neural recruitment remain understudied. To address these points, the present study

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36

Manojlovic, Vladimir, Vladan Popovic, Dragan Nikolic, Djordje Milosevic, Janko Pasternak, and Nebojsa Budakov. "Completeness of Circle of Willis in asymptomatic and symptomatic extracranial carotid disease." Medical review 69, no. 11-12 (2016): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1612351m.

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Introduction. This research has been aimed at determining whether incomplete Circle of Willis in patients with significant extracranial carotid stenosis is associated with a higher incidence of neurological symptomatology and/or ischemic cerebral lesions. Material and Methods. The research was conducted as a prospective study which comprised 211 patients who underwent surgical treatment of extracranial carotid disease at the Department of Vascular Surgery in Novi Sad and 102 patients in the control group. Each patient underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance ang

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37

Li, Jie-Yuan, Ping-Hong Lai, and Robert Chen. "Transcallosal inhibition in patients with callosal infarction." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 3 (2013): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01044.2011.

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Recent studies in normal subjects suggested that callosal motor fibers pass through the posterior body of the corpus callosum (CC), but this has not been tested in patients with callosal infarction. The objective of this study is to define the pathways involved in transcallosal inhibition by examining patients with infarctions in different subregions of the CC. We hypothesized that patients with lesions in the posterior one-half of the CC would have greater reduction in transcallosal inhibition between the motor cortices. Twenty-six patients with callosal infarction and 14 healthy subjects wer

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Long, Jinyi, Toshiki Tazoe, Demetris S. Soteropoulos, and Monica A. Perez. "Interhemispheric connectivity during bimanual isometric force generation." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 3 (2016): 1196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00876.2015.

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Interhemispheric interactions through the corpus callosum play an important role in the control of bimanual forces. However, the extent to which physiological connections between primary motor cortices are modulated during increasing levels of bimanual force generation in intact humans remains poorly understood. Here we studied coherence between electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and the ipsilateral cortical silent period (iSP), two well-known measures of interhemispheric connectivity between motor cortices, during unilateral and bilateral 10%, 40%, and 70% of maximal isometric voluntary co

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Perez, Monica A., Jane E. Butler, and Janet L. Taylor. "Modulation of transcallosal inhibition by bilateral activation of agonist and antagonist proximal arm muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 2 (2014): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00322.2013.

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Transcallosal inhibitory interactions between proximal representations in the primary motor cortex remain poorly understood. In this study, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation to examine the ipsilateral silent period (iSP; a measure of transcallosal inhibition) in the biceps and triceps brachii during unilateral and bilateral isometric voluntary contractions. Healthy volunteers performed 10% of maximal isometric voluntary elbow flexion or extension with one arm while the contralateral arm remained at rest or performed 30% of maximal isometric voluntary elbow flexion or extension. The iSP

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Vogt, Th, P. Urban, and H. C. Hopf. "P442 Ipsilateral motor responses and silent periods in stroke patients." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 99, no. 4 (1996): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(96)88617-2.

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Manca, Andrea, Tibor Hortobágyi, John Rothwell, and Franca Deriu. "Neurophysiological adaptations in the untrained side in conjunction with cross-education of muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 6 (2018): 1502–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01016.2017.

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We reviewed the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on the neurophysiological adaptations in the untrained side associated with cross-education of strength (CE) and pooled data into definite effect estimates for neurophysiological variables assessed in chronic CE studies. Furthermore, scoping directions for future research were provided to enhance the homogeneity and comparability of studies investigating the neural responses to CE. The magnitude of CE was 21.1 ± 18.2% (mean ± SD; P < 0.0001) in 22 RCTs ( n = 467 subjects) that measured at least 1 neurophysiological v

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Ko, N., C. Laine, F. Valero-Cuevas, and B. Fisher. "Unimanual, low-force instability control facilitates the corticospinal excitability in the ipsilateral M1 with no evidence of ipsilateral silent periods." Brain Stimulation 12, no. 2 (2019): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.934.

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Satterlie, Richard A., Tigran P. Norekian, and Kirk J. Robertson. "Startle Phase of Escape Swimming Is Controlled by Pedal Motoneurons in the Pteropod Mollusk Clione limacina." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 1 (1997): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.1.272.

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Satterlie, Richard A., Tigran P. Norekian, and Kirk J. Robertson. Startle phase of escape swimming is controlled by pedal motoneurons in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 272–280, 1997. Escape swimming in the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina includes an initial startle response in which one or two powerful wing beats propel the animal up to 18 body lengths per second, followed by a variable period of fast swimming with a maximal speed of 6 body lengths per second. The initial startle response is the focus of this report. Two pairs of large pedal neurons (50–60 μm) init

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Bradnam, Lynley V., Cathy M. Stinear, and Winston D. Byblow. "Theta Burst Stimulation of Human Primary Motor Cortex Degrades Selective Muscle Activation in the Ipsilateral Arm." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 5 (2010): 2594–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00365.2010.

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This study investigated whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered as continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) to left M1 degraded selective muscle activation in the contralateral and ipsilateral upper limb in healthy participants. Contralateral motor-evoked potentials (cMEPs) were elicited in left and right biceps brachii (BB) before either elbow flexion or forearm pronation. A neurophysiological index, the excitability ratio (ER), was computed from the relative size of BB cMEPs before each type of movement. Short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was assesse

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Jean-Charles, Loyda, Jean-Francois Nepveu, Joan E. Deffeyes, Guillaume Elgbeili, Numa Dancause, and Dorothy Barthélemy. "Interhemispheric interactions between trunk muscle representations of the primary motor cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 3 (2017): 1488–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00778.2016.

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Unilateral arm movements require trunk stabilization through bilateral contraction of axial muscles. Interhemispheric interactions between primary motor cortices (M1) could enable such coordinated contractions, but these mechanisms are largely unknown. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we characterized interhemispheric interactions between M1 representations of the trunk-stabilizing muscles erector spinae at the first lumbar vertebra (ES L1) during a right isometric shoulder flexion. These interactions were compared with those of the anterior deltoid (AD), the main agonist in this

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Norris, Brian J., Adam L. Weaver, Lee G. Morris, Angela Wenning, Paul A. García, and Ronald L. Calabrese. "A Central Pattern Generator Producing Alternative Outputs: Temporal Pattern of Premotor Activity." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 1 (2006): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00011.2006.

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The central pattern generator for heartbeat in medicinal leeches constitutes seven identified pairs of segmental heart interneurons. Four identified pairs of heart interneurons make a staggered pattern of inhibitory synaptic connections with segmental heart motor neurons. Using extracellular recording from multiple interneurons in the network in 56 isolated nerve cords, we show that this pattern generator produces a side-to-side asymmetric pattern of intersegmental coordination among ipsilateral premotor interneurons. This pattern corresponds to a similarly asymmetric fictive motor pattern in

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Currie, Scott N., and Gregory G. Gonsalves. "Reciprocal Interactions in the Turtle Hindlimb Enlargement Contribute to Scratch Rhythmogenesis." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 6 (1999): 2977–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.6.2977.

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Reciprocal interactions in the turtle hindlimb enlargement contribute to scratch rhythmogenesis. We examined interactions between the spinal networks that generate right and left rostral scratch motor patterns in turtle hindlimb motoneurons before and after transecting the spinal cord within the anterior hindlimb enlargement. Our results provide evidence that reciprocal inhibition between hip circuit modules can generate hip rhythmicity during the rostral scratch reflex. “Module” refers here to the group of coactive motoneurons and interneurons that controls either flexion or extension of the

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Lanza, Giuseppe, Rita Bella, Salvatore Giuffrida, et al. "Preserved Transcallosal Inhibition to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Nondemented Elderly Patients with Leukoaraiosis." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/351680.

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Structural corpus callosum (CC) changes in patients with leukoaraiosis (LA) are significantly associated with cognitive and motor impairment. The aim of this study is to investigate the transcallosal fibers functioning by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in elderly patients with LA. The resting motor threshold (rMT), the motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), and the controlateral (cSP) and ipsilateral silent periods (iSP) were determined using single-pulse TMS in 15 patients and 15 age-matched controls. The neuropsychological profile and the vascular burden at brain magnetic resonanc

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King, W. Michael, and John T. Schmidt. "Nucleus isthmi in goldfish: In vitro recordings and fiber connections revealed by HRP injections." Visual Neuroscience 10, no. 3 (1993): 419–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252380000465x.

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AbstractRecordings of field potentials in nucleus isthmi (NI) were obtained in an in vitro preparation of goldfish brain using a lateral approach. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected from recording electrodes to verify recordings within the nucleus and to label axonal pathways and cell bodies. Activity in NI was repetitive and could be elicited by stimulation of the optic nerve, tectum, pretectum, or tectobulbar tract. Spontaneous activity was present in some preparations and consisted of bursts with intervening silent periods. Anatomical and electrophysiological evidence indicated that

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Ciechanski, Patrick, Ephrem Zewdie, and Adam Kirton. "Developmental profile of motor cortex transcallosal inhibition in children and adolescents." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 1 (2017): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00076.2017.

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Transcallosal fibers facilitate interhemispheric networks involved in motor tasks. Despite their clinical relevance, interhemispheric motor control systems have not been completely defined in the developing brain. The objective of this study was to examine the developmental profile of transcallosal inhibition in healthy children and adolescents. Nineteen typically developing right-handed participants were recruited. Two transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigms assessed transcallosal inhibition: ipsilateral silent periods (iSP) and paired-pulse interhemispheric inhibition (IHI). TMS wa

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