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Protano, Carmela, Maurizio Manigrasso, Vittoria Cammalleri, Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai, Giacomo Frati, Pasquale Avino, and Matteo Vitali. "Impact of Electronic Alternatives to Tobacco Cigarettes on Indoor Air Particular Matter Levels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082947.
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An aerosol study was carried out in a test room measuring particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10, 4, 2.5 and 1 µm (PM10, PM4, PM2.5, PM1) before and during the use of electronic alternatives to tobacco cigarettes (EATC) IQOS®, GLO®, JUUL®, with different kinds of sticks/pods, as well as during the smoking of a conventional tobacco cigarette. The aerosol was mainly in the PM1 size range (>95%). All studied EATCs caused lower indoor PM1 concentrations than conventional tobacco cigarettes. Nevertheless, they determined a worsening of indoor-PM1 concentration that ranged from very mild for JUUL®—depending on the pod used—to considerably severe for IQOS® and GLO®. Median values ranged from 11.00 (Iqos3 and Juul2) to 337.5 µg m−3 (Iqos4). The high variability of particle loadings was attributed both to the type of stick/pod used and to the different way of smoking of volunteers who smoked/vaped during the experiments. Moreover, during vaping IQOS® and GLO® indoor PM1 concentrations reach levels by far higher than outdoor concentrations that range from 14 to 21 µg m−3, especially during the exhalation of the smoke. From these results emerge an urgent need of a legislative regulation limiting the use of such devices in public places.
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Králíková, Eva. "Uncertainty about IQOS." Hygiena 65, no. 3 (August 21, 2020): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/hygiena.a1761.
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Kim, Jinyoung, Hyunjae Yu, Sungkyu Lee, and Yu-Jin Paek. "Awareness, experience and prevalence of heated tobacco product, IQOS, among young Korean adults." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (August 29, 2018): s74—s77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054390.
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IntroductionPhilip Morris International introduced ‘IQOS’ to the Korean market in June 2017. To monitor the use of IQOS among young Korean adults, we identified their awareness, experience and current use of IQOS.MethodsThree months after the introduction of IQOS in Korea, we conducted an online survey with 228 general young adults, aged 19–24 years.Results87 participants (38.1%) were aware of IQOS, 13 (5.7%) were IQOS ever users and 8 (3.5%) were current IQOS users. All the current IQOS users were triple users of conventional cigarettes and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). There were no IQOS-only users and one IQOS ever user was a non-cigarette smoker. Among the eight current IQOS users who smoked 9.1 conventional cigarettes a day on average, four smoked 10–20 HEETS sticks a day. The current IQOS users decided to use IQOS because they believed it was less harmful or to stop smoking. The current conventional cigarette smokers were much more likely to be aware of IQOS (OR 4.496; 95% CI 2.185 to 9.250) and to be IQOS ever users (OR 11.649; 95% CI 1.024 to 132.564).ConclusionAwareness, experience and use of IQOS among young Korean adults were relatively higher than among their Japanese counterparts. Current IQOS users were more likely to smoke conventional cigarettes and/or e-cigarettes, which contradicts the tobacco industry’s claims that conventional cigarette smokers will switch to heated tobacco products. Until obtaining robust evidence concerning heated tobacco products, the government should regulate the tobacco industry’s marketing tactics and health claims.
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Salman, Rola, Soha Talih, Rachel El-Hage, Christina Haddad, Nareg Karaoghlanian, Ahmad El-Hellani, Najat A. Saliba, and Alan Shihadeh. "Free-Base and Total Nicotine, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Carbonyl Emissions From IQOS, a Heated Tobacco Product." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 9 (November 23, 2018): 1285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty235.
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Abstract Introduction IQOS is an emerging heated tobacco product marketed by Philip Morris International (PMI). Because the tobacco in IQOS is electrically heated and not combusted, PMI claims that it generates significantly lower toxicant levels than combustible cigarettes. To date, a few independent studies have addressed IQOS toxicant emissions, and none have reported reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the form of the nicotine emitted by the device. Methods In this study, IQOS aerosol was generated using a custom-made puffing machine. Two puffing regimens were used: Health Canada Intense and ISO. ROS, carbonyl compounds (CCs), and total nicotine and its partitioning between free-base and protonated forms were quantified in the IQOS aerosol by fluorescence, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography, respectively. The same toxicants were also quantified in combustible cigarette aerosols for comparison. In addition, propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin were also measured in the IQOS tobacco and aerosol. Results IQOS and combustible cigarettes were found to emit similar quantities of total and free-base nicotine. IQOS total ROS (6.26 ± 2.72 nmol H2O2/session) and CC emissions (472 ± 19 µg/session) were significant, but 85% and 77% lower than levels emitted by combustible cigarettes. Conclusions IQOS emits harmful constituents that are linked to cancer, pulmonary disease, and addiction in cigarette smokers. For a given nicotine intake, inhalation exposure to ROS and CCs from IQOS is likely to be significantly less than that for combustible cigarettes. Implications IQOS is PMI’s new heated tobacco product. PMI claims that because IQOS heats and does not burn tobacco it generates low toxicant yields. We found that one IQOS stick can emit similar free-base and total nicotine yields as a combustible cigarette. A pack-a-day equivalent user of IQOS may experience significant inhalation exposure of ROS and CCs compared to background air. However, substituting IQOS for combustible cigarettes will likely result in far lower ROS and carbonyl inhalation exposure for a given daily nicotine intake.
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Mathers, Annalise, Robert Schwartz, Shawn O’Connor, Michael Fung, and Lori Diemert. "Marketing IQOS in a dark market." Tobacco Control 28, no. 2 (May 3, 2018): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054216.
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IntroductionPhillip Morris International (PMI) is pushing hard to promote IQOS heat-not-burn cigarettes in Ontario, Canada. Canada regulates IQOS as a tobacco product so that the robust tobacco marketing ban creates challenges to its promotion.MethodsWe collected data on IQOS promotion in 49 retail outlets, and through interviews with clerks and observations outside an IQOS store.ResultsThe dominant marketing channel is the visible availability of IQOS in a large number of tobacco retail outlets—1029 across Ontario. Several stores display the price of ‘heated tobacco’ on one of three price signs which are permitted despite Ontario’s total display ban. IQOS boutique stores are the locus of aggressive promotion including exchanging a pack of cigarettes or lighter for an IQOS device, launch parties, ‘meet and greet’ lunches and after-hour events. Outside the store, promotion includes a prominent IQOS sign, a sandwich board sign reading ‘Building a Smoke-Free Future’ and sales representatives regularly smoking IQOS. Membership services: Upon acquiring an IQOS device one can register to access the IQOS website store5 and receive customer support services, a map of retail locations and a product catalogue. Members receive regular email invitations to complete surveys with opportunities to win prizes.ConclusionsThese promotion activities have undoubtedly made substantial numbers of Ontarians aware of IQOS. Yet, the government has not provided guidance as to absolute and relative potential harms. Our observations of tactics to promote a new tobacco product in a dark market may inform government regulatory policy and non-governmental organisation efforts wherever heat-not-burn products are introduced.
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Barker, Joshua O., Julia Vassey, Julia C. Chen-Sankey, Jon-Patrick Allem, Tess Boley Cruz, and Jennifer B. Unger. "Categorizing IQOS-Related Twitter Discussions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094836.
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(1) Background: The heated tobacco product IQOS, by Philip Morris International, is now available in over 55 countries, including the United States. Social media sites such as Twitter are often used to promote or discuss tobacco products, though prior research has not examined how IQOS is presented on Twitter. (2) Methods: This study collected and categorized Twitter conversations involving IQOS. A manual content analysis was performed on N = 3916 English tweets related to IQOS published internationally between 1 January 2020 and 30 June 2020. (3) Results: Most tweets were either online marketing for IQOS (32.3%) or personal testimonials related to IQOS use (34.2%). Personal testimonial tweets made harm reduction claims about IQOS either as an avenue to quit smoking/tobacco use (3.4%), or in comparison to combustible cigarettes (2.0%). Tobacco policy-related tweets were detected (13.9%), split between discussions of United States (4.9%) and international (4.4%) policies. News media tweets (14.2%) were also detected. (4) Conclusions: Our study suggests IQOS may be understood as a less harmful alternative to vaping and combustible cigarettes. Discussions also suggest IQOS is likely to be used to avoid clean air policies or used in areas in which smoking is restricted.
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Phan, Lilianna, Andrew A. Strasser, Andrea C. Johnson, Andrea C. Villanti, Raymond S. Niaura, Kathryn Rehberg, and Darren Mays. "Young Adult Correlates of IQOS Curiosity, Interest, and Likelihood of Use." Tobacco Regulatory Science 6, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.6.2.1.
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Objectives: Philip Morris International's heated tobacco product, Marlboro IQOS, is available internationally and soon will be marketed in the United States (US). We examined correlates of curiosity, interest, and likelihood to use IQOS among US young adults. Methods: Young adults ages 18-30 years (N = 346) were recruited online, viewed a description of IQOS, and completed measures of socio-demographic characteristics, perceived risks, curiosity, interest, and likelihood to use IQOS. Results: Males had greater curiosity, interest, and likelihood to use IQOS than females. Individuals with household income of $50,000-$75,000 were more curious than those with household income of greater than $75,000. Cigarette smokers, e-cigarette and dual users had greater curiosity, interest, and likelihood of use than non-tobacco users. Non-white individuals and older young adults had greater likelihood of use. Greater perceived risks of IQOS were negatively associated with curiosity, interest, and likelihood of use. Conclusions: Among young adults, IQOS has greater appeal among males, non-whites, those who are older, those with household income of $50,000-$75,000, cigarette smokers, e-cigarette and dual users, and those with fewer perceived risks of IQOS. Research on public education communicating the potential risks of IQOS to vulnerable young adults is warranted.
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Berg, Carla J., Lorien C. Abroms, Hagai Levine, Katelyn F. Romm, Amal Khayat, Christina N. Wysota, Zongshuan Duan, and Yael Bar-Zeev. "IQOS Marketing in the US: The Need to Study the Impact of FDA Modified Exposure Authorization, Marketing Distribution Channels, and Potential Targeting of Consumers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 10551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910551.
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IQOS, the leading heated tobacco product globally, recently received ‘reduced exposure’ authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration. Independent research focusing on IQOS marketing and potential impact on consumers’ perceptions and behavior, and ultimately public health, is critical. The literature to date has underscored several concerns. First, Philip Morris’s (PM’s) marketing distribution requires scrutiny, particularly given its innovative promotional strategies. For example, IQOS is distributed via unique points-of-sale (POS; e.g., specialty and pop-up stores, “corners” in convenience stores) and uses various other opportunities (e.g., social media, sponsored events, direct-to-consumer). Second, although PM claims that IQOS’ target market is current combustible tobacco users and not young people, the literature indicates that in some populations, IQOS use is equally prominent among smokers and nonsmokers, and that specific subgroups (e.g., young adults, women) are targeted. Third, the impact of IQOS’ use of ad content promoting IQOS health benefits must be studied (e.g., how consumers interpret modified exposure messages). In conclusion, surveillance of IQOS marketing, particularly following reduced exposure authorization, is critical for obtaining valuable data to estimate population impact, particularly among population subgroups (e.g., young adults), and inform future tobacco regulation. These considerations have implications beyond IQOS—to other products and companies.
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Brett, Emma I., Krista Miloslavich, Ashley Vena, Nathan Didier, and Andrea C. King. "Effects of Visual Exposure to IQOS Use on Smoking Urge and Behavior." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.1.3.
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Objectives: In this study, we examined whether visual exposure to the heated tobacco product (HTP) IQOS, which was authorized for sale by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2019, acts as a cue to increase cigarette craving and smoking behavior among smokers. Methods: Young adult smokers (N = 105) were randomly assigned to view a video depicting use of either IQOS or bottled water. Main outcomes were changes in cigarette and e-cigarette desire and latency to smoke between the groups. We also examined participants' attitudes about the actors using IQOS and drinking water in the videos. Results: Exposure to the use of IQOS acutely increased observers' ratings of smoking urge and desire for a cigarette and an e-cigarette. The IQOS cue, compared with the water cue, also produced a marginally significant shorter latency to smoke. Participants perceived actors as less likeable and friendly when using IQOS than when drinking water. Conclusions: Results showed that exposure to IQOS produced smoking urge and behavior in young adult smokers, implicating IQOS use as a smoking and vaping cue. As HTPs gain popularity, product impact on passive observers should be included in their risk-benefit profile.
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McKelvey, Karma, Lucy Popova, Minji Kim, Lauren Kass Lempert, Benjamin W. Chaffee, Maya Vijayaraghavan, Pamela Ling, and Bonnie Halpern-Felsher. "IQOS labelling will mislead consumers." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (August 29, 2018): s48—s54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054333.
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BackgroundPhilip Morris International (PMI) continually expands and diversifies their nicotine product portfolio, which includes IQOS, a heated tobacco product. In December 2016, PMI filed a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), seeking authorisation to market IQOS in USA with three claims of reduced harm: ‘switching completely from conventional cigarettes to the IQOS system…’ (1) ‘can reduce the risks of tobacco-related diseases;’ (2) ‘significantly reduce[s] your body’s exposure to harmful or potentially harmful chemicals;’ and (3) ‘presents less risk of harm than continuing to smoke cigarettes.’ Consumers may misunderstand what is meant by ‘switching completely'.MethodsWe critically reviewed study reports submitted to FDA by PMI in support of proposed marketing claims in its MRTP application for IQOS and focused on the statement that switching completely to IQOS reduces risk.ResultsWe found deficiencies with evidence provided by PMI supporting their assertions that: current smokers will understand what is meant by the phrase ‘switching completely'; the proposed claims will not decrease smokers’ intentions to quit; and IQOS users will in fact ‘switch completely’ from smoking cigarettes to using IQOS. The studies and measurement instruments employed by PMI suffer from design flaws and their reporting of associated findings is misleading.ConclusionConsumers will not understand the condition of the claims—that they must quit using cigarettes completely to achieve the inferred health benefits of IQOS. Rather, they are likely to misunderstand the unsupported claims of reduced risks to mean IQOS are harm-free.
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Nabavizadeh, Pooneh, Jiangtao Liu, Christopher M. Havel, Sharina Ibrahim, Ronak Derakhshandeh, Peyton Jacob III, and Matthew L. Springer. "Vascular endothelial function is impaired by aerosol from a single IQOS HeatStick to the same extent as by cigarette smoke." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (September 11, 2018): s13—s19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054325.
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BackgroundHeated tobacco products (also called ‘heat-not-burn’ products) heat tobacco at temperatures below that of combustion, causing nicotine and other compounds to aerosolise. One such product, IQOS from Philip Morris International, is being marketed internationally with claims of harm reduction. We sought to determine whether exposure to IQOS aerosol impairs arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a measure of vascular endothelial function that is impaired by tobacco smoke.MethodsWe exposed anaesthetised rats (n=8/group) via nose cone to IQOS aerosol from single HeatSticks, mainstream smoke from single Marlboro Red cigarettes or clean air for a series of consecutive 30 s cycles over 1.5–5 min. Each cycle consisted of 15 or 5 s of exposure followed by removal from the nose cone. We measured pre-exposure and postexposure FMD, and postexposure serum nicotine and cotinine.ResultsFMD was impaired comparably by ten 15 s exposures and ten 5 s exposures to IQOS aerosol and to cigarette smoke, but not by clean air. Serum nicotine levels were similar to plasma levels after humans have smoked one cigarette, confirming that exposure conditions had real-world relevance. Postexposure nicotine levels were ~4.5-fold higher in rats exposed to IQOS than to cigarettes, despite nicotine being measured in the IQOS aerosol at ~63% the amount measured in smoke. When IQOS exposure was briefer, leading to comparable serum nicotine levels to the cigarette group, FMD was still comparably impaired.ConclusionsAcute exposures to IQOS aerosol impairs FMD in rats. IQOS use does not necessarily avoid the adverse cardiovascular effects of smoking cigarettes.
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McKelvey, Karma, Lucy Popova, Minji Kim, Benjamin W. Chaffee, Maya Vijayaraghavan, Pamela Ling, and Bonnie Halpern-Felsher. "Heated tobacco products likely appeal to adolescents and young adults." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (October 22, 2018): s41—s47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054596.
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BackgroundBeginning in the 1960s in the USA and globally since 1998, tobacco companies have beenaggressively promoting heated tobacco products (HTP). In 2016, Philip Morris International (PMI) applied to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking authorisation to market their IQOS HTP system and flavoured ‘HeatSticks’ in the USA as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP).MethodsWe systematically evaluated the publicly available data PMI submitted to FDA in its MRTP application to determine whether PMI’s IQOS product meets the US Tobacco Control Act’s standard for MRTP claims. We examined whether PMI provided sufficient data showing tobacco users will not initiate with IQOS, that youth will not misperceive the MRTP-related claims being made concerning IQOS, and how youth perceive health risks associated with IQOS.ResultsPMI’s own studies failed to provide evidence that youth, including non-users and former users, will not find IQOS appealing, will not initiate use of IQOS and will not perceive these products as risk-free. Further, PMI did not refer to independent studies conducted among adolescents which could influence their conclusions. Finally, their studies suffered from design and implementation flaws and cannot be relied on to support the proffered claims.ConclusionPMI’s own data and available evidence from scientific studies conducted independent of the tobacco industry regarding how novel tobacco products are currently being marketed suggest that introduction of IQOS will result in adolescent and young adult non-users initiating tobacco use with IQOS and could also increase poly-use of IQOS along with other tobacco products.
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Afolalu, Esther F., Peter Langer, Karina Fischer, Steve Roulet, and Pierpaolo Magnani. "Prevalence and patterns of tobacco and/or nicotine product use in Japan (2017) after the launch of a heated tobacco product (IQOS®): a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 10 (June 25, 2021): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52407.1.
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Background: Several smoke-free tobacco and/or nicotine-containing products (TNP) have emerged in recent years to support tobacco harm reduction strategies and reduce individual health risks and population harm relative to continued cigarette smoking. This paper describes the nationwide prevalence and patterns of TNP use in Japan following the commercialization of one such smoke-free TNP, the heated tobacco product IQOS® (Philip Morris International). Methods: We analyzed the first annual data (2016–2017) of two repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted in a representative sample of the Japanese general adult population (N = 4,878) and a sample of adult IQOS users (N = 2,000). We assessed the prevalence of current TNP use according to type of product (cigarettes, IQOS, e-cigarettes, and other TNPs) in the general population and patterns of TNP use in the IQOS user sample. Results: The prevalence of current use across all TNP in the general adult population was 18.5% (95% confidence interval 17.2–19.5%), with 17.5% (16.4–18.6%) for cigarette smoking and 1.8% (1.4–2.2%) for IQOS use. With regard to the distribution of patterns of use in the IQOS user survey, the majority (63.4% [61.2–65.6%]) were exclusive users of IQOS, followed by 20.6% (18.7–22.5%) of individuals who reported dual use of IQOS and cigarettes. Conclusions: In Japan, cigarette smoking remains the most prevalent way of consuming TNP; however, IQOS is being adopted by a growing number of adult Japanese smokers. These findings serve as baseline data for monitoring trends over time in the use and adoption of potential smoke-free TNP in Japan.
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Afolalu, Esther F., Peter Langer, Karina Fischer, Steve Roulet, and Pierpaolo Magnani. "Prevalence and patterns of tobacco and/or nicotine product use in Japan (2017) after the launch of a heated tobacco product (IQOS®): a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 10 (March 21, 2022): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52407.2.
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Background: Several smoke-free tobacco and/or nicotine-containing products (TNP) have emerged in recent years to support tobacco harm reduction strategies and reduce individual health risks and population harm relative to continued cigarette smoking. This paper describes the nationwide prevalence and patterns of TNP use in Japan following the commercialization of one such smoke-free TNP, the heated tobacco product IQOS® (Philip Morris International). Methods: We analyzed the first annual data (2016–2017) of two repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted in a representative sample of the Japanese general adult (≥20 years of age) population (N = 4,878) and a sample of adult IQOS users (N = 2,000). We assessed the prevalence of current TNP use according to type of product (cigarettes, IQOS, e-cigarettes, and other TNPs) in the general population and patterns of TNP use in the IQOS user sample. Results: The prevalence of current use across all TNP in the sampled general population was 18.5% (95% confidence interval 17.2–19.5%), with 17.5% (16.4–18.6%) for cigarette smoking and 1.8% (1.4–2.2%) for IQOS use. Regarding the distribution of patterns of use in the IQOS user survey, the majority (63.4% [61.2–65.6%]) were exclusive users of IQOS, followed by 20.6% (18.7–22.5%) of individuals who reported dual use of IQOS and cigarettes. Conclusions: In Japan, cigarette smoking remains the most prevalent way of consuming TNP; however, IQOS is being adopted by a growing number of adult Japanese smokers. These findings serve as baseline data for monitoring trends over time in the use and adoption of potential smoke-free TNP in Japan.
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Kärkelä, Teemu, Unto Tapper, and Tuula Kajolinna. "Comparison of 3R4F cigarette smoke and IQOS heated tobacco product aerosol emissions." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29, no. 18 (December 22, 2021): 27051–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18032-x.
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AbstractIn this study, the smoke from a 3R4F research cigarette and the aerosol generated by the Heated Tobacco Product IQOS, also referred to as the Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2 in the literature, were compared. The objective was to characterize the gas and suspended particulate matter compositions in the mainstream smoke from a combusted 3R4F cigarette and in the aerosol generated by IQOS during use. The results indicated that the determined aerosol emissions from IQOS were notably lower than in the cigarette smoke under a Health Canada Intense puffing regimen. As an interesting detail in this study, the maximum nicotine concentrations within a puff were practically the same in both the 3R4F smoke and the IQOS aerosol, but the average concentration was lower for the IQOS aerosol. For both products, water constituted a significant proportion of the particulate matter, although it was substantially higher in the IQOS aerosol. Furthermore, combustion-related solid particles observed in the 3R4F smoke contained elements such as carbon, oxygen, potassium, calcium, and silicon. In contrast, IQOS aerosol particulate matter was composed of semi-volatile organic constituents with some minor traces of oxygen and silicon. The particulate matter found in the IQOS aerosol was volatile, which was especially noticeable when exposed to the electron beam of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
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Berg, Carla J., Yael Bar-Zeev, and Hagai Levine. "Informing iQOS Regulations in the United States: A Synthesis of What We Know." SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 215824401989882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019898823.
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The tobacco industry offers various products, including heated tobacco products (HTPs). Philip Morris International’s (PMI) “iQOS” has the greatest HTP market share, as well as research on its use and impact. iQOS was released in 2014 and is now in more than 40 countries. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced permission for PMI to sell iQOS in the United States in April 2019, and iQOS was launched in October 2019. Decisions pending its modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application will occur subsequently. The U.S. regulatory efforts regarding iQOS could be informed by examining (a) Philip Morris USA other product marketing efforts and (b) the iQOS market in countries where it is available. This article briefly addresses these two points with extant literature and suggests that future research should address important gaps in what is currently known, including strategic international collaborations and research, which historically has been critical for advancing tobacco control globally.
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Chun, Lauren, Farzad Moazed, Michael Matthay, Carolyn Calfee, and Jeffrey Gotts. "Possible hepatotoxicity of IQOS." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (August 21, 2018): s39—s40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054320.
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Rosen, Laura J., and Shira Kislev. "IQOS campaign in Israel." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (October 19, 2018): s78—s81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054619.
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St.Helen, Gideon, Peyton Jacob III, Natalie Nardone, and Neal L. Benowitz. "IQOS: examination of Philip Morris International’s claim of reduced exposure." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (August 29, 2018): s30—s36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054321.
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BackgroundNew electronic heated tobacco products are being introduced in the global market and are gaining popularity. In 2016, Philip Morris International, Inc. (PMI) submitted a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market IQOS in the USA with claims of reduced exposure and reduced risk.MethodsWe examined PMI’s MRTP application, specifically sections on aerosol chemistry and human exposure assessment, to assess the validity of PMI’s claims of reduced exposure and risk.FindingsPMI reported levels for only 40 of 93 harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) on FDA’s HPHC list in IQOS mainstream aerosol. All substances in PMI’s list of 58 constituents (PMI-58) were lower in IQOS emissions compared with mainstream smoke of 3R4F reference cigarettes. However, levels of 56 other constituents, which are not included in the PMI-58 list or FDA’s list of HPHCs, were higher in IQOS emissions; 22 were >200% higher and seven were >1000% higher than in 3R4F reference cigarette smoke. PMI’s studies also show significantly lower systemic exposure to some HPHCs from use of IQOS compared with smoking combustible cigarettes.ConclusionPMI’s data appear to support PMI’s claim that IQOS reduces exposure to HPHCs. However, PMI’s data also show significantly higher levels of several substances that are not recognised as HPHCs by the FDA in IQOS emissions compared with combustible cigarette smoke. The impact of these substances on the overall toxicity or harm of IQOS is not known.
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Tompkins, Charlotte N. E., Annabel Burnley, Ann McNeill, and Sara C. Hitchman. "Factors that influence smokers’ and ex-smokers’ use of IQOS: a qualitative study of IQOS users and ex-users in the UK." Tobacco Control 30, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055306.
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BackgroundOne of the most widely available heated tobacco products is IQOS by Philip Morris International. However, there is a lack of independent research exploring IQOS initiation and subsequent use among smokers and ex-smokers.AimsTo (1) explore the reasons why smokers and ex-smokers use and continue/discontinue IQOS and (2) consider implications for future research and policy.ParticipantsAdult (18+) current (n=22) and ex-users (n=8) of IQOS who either currently smoked or quit smoking in the last 2 years.MethodsQualitative interview study in London, UK.ResultsSix main factors influenced initiation and use of IQOS: (1) Health—wanting to reduce/quit smoking and perceptions of reduced harm (while understanding IQOS was not risk-free). Branded packaging, absence of pictorial warnings and physical health improvements conveyed reduced harm. (2) Financial—including high start-up costs, but cheaper ongoing costs than smoking. (3) Physical—mixed views on enjoyment and satisfaction. Sensory experiences influenced use including discreetness, cleanliness, reduced smell and tactile similarities relative to combustible cigarettes. (4) Practical—issues of accessibility, shortcomings with maintenance/operation limited ongoing use, whereas use in smoke-free places increased use. (5) Psychological—similarities in rituals and routines, although new practices developed to charge and clean; some liked trailblazing new technology. (6) Social—improved social interactions from using IQOS instead of smoking, but with more limited shared social experiences for some.ConclusionFor some, IQOS facilitated smoking substitution. Factors such as packaging, labelling, risk communication, price and smoke-free policies appear to influence initiation and use.
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Kim, Minji, Shannon Lea Watkins, Kimberly A. Koester, Jeremiah Mock, Hyunjin Cindy Kim, Sarah Olson, Arit Michael Harvanko, and Pamela M. Ling. "Unboxed: US Young Adult Tobacco Users’ Responses to a New Heated Tobacco Product." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 8108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218108.
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The heated tobacco product (HTP) IQOS was authorized for sale in the US in 2019. We investigated how young adults with experience using multiple tobacco products reacted to, perceived, and developed interest in IQOS, informing policies that might prevent HTPs from becoming ubiquitous. We used a novel qualitative method in which 33 young adult tobacco users in California (fall 2019) “unboxed” an IQOS device, tobacco sticks, and marketing materials and narrated their impressions and opinions. We conducted content and thematic analyses of participants’ reactions, sensory experiences, and interest. Multiple attributes influenced appeal for participants, including sleek electronic design, novel technology, perceived harmfulness, complexity, and high cost. The “no smoke” claim and heating technology suggested that smoking IQOS was safer than smoking cigarettes. Public health programs should closely monitor HTP marketing and uptake, particularly as “reduced exposure” claims were authorized in July 2020. Evidence-based regulations (e.g., requiring plain packaging for tobacco sticks), actions addressing IQOS’ unique attributes (e.g., regulating device packaging to reduce high-tech appeal), and public education might help to counter the appeal generated by potentially misleading IQOS marketing tactics.
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Czoli, Christine D., Christine M. White, Jessica L. Reid, Richard J. OConnor, and David Hammond. "Awareness and interest in IQOS heated tobacco products among youth in Canada, England and the USA." Tobacco Control 29, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054654.
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IntroductionHeated tobacco products (HTPs), such as IQOS, have been introduced in a growing number of international markets. However, little is known about perceptions of HTP products among youth.MethodsData are from wave 1 of the International Tobacco Control Youth Tobacco and E-cigarette Survey (2017), a web-based cohort survey of people aged 16–19 years from Canada, England and the USA. Respondents (n=12 064) were shown an image of IQOS and asked about their awareness, interest in trying and susceptibility to trying the product. Youth awareness, interest in trying and susceptibility to trying IQOS were analysed using descriptive statistics, and logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of these outcomes.ResultsOverall, 7.0% of youth reported awareness of IQOS (England=5.6%, Canada=6.4% and USA=9.1%) and 38.6% expressed interest in trying the product (England=41.8%, Canada=33.0% and USA=40.9%). Within each country, all key outcomes varied by smoking status: greater proportions of youth who were currently smoking or had a history of smoking reported being aware of, interested in trying and susceptible to trying IQOS. Interest and susceptibility to trying IQOS were associated with male sex, current tobacco use and current e-cigarette use. Across all countries, susceptibility to trying IQOS (25.1%) was higher than for tobacco cigarettes (19.3%), but lower than for e-cigarettes (29.1%).ConclusionsAwareness of HTPs, such as IQOS, is emerging among youth in Canada, England and the USA. Interest in trying these products is very high among smokers, but also present among non-smokers.
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Chang, Li-Chuan, Yue-Chune Lee, Chieh Hsu, and Pei-Ching Chen. "Prevalence of heated tobacco product use among adolescents in Taiwan." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): e0244218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244218.
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Objective To determine the penetration of heated tobacco products (HTPs) into the youth market in Taiwan, with a particular focus on the correlation between IQOS use and the usage of other tobacco products. Methods Data from the 2018 Global Youth Tobacco Survey were used to assess previous experience with and current use (within 30 days prior to survey completion) of IQOS products by Taiwanese students aged 12–18 years. Independent variables included the usage patterns of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The control variables included background information (gender, grade, monthly income/allowance, household educational level, smoking status at home and among close friends), access to free cigarettes, as well as exposure to cigarette advertisements and anti-tobacco courses. Logistic regression was used to identify tobacco usage patterns correlated with IQOS use. Results In 2018, 2.33% of Taiwan’s adolescents were currently using IQOS and 4.17% had tried IQOS. The use of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes (individually and together) were associated with an elevated risk of the ever use and current use of IQOS. Conclusion Despite the fact that HTP products are not sold legally in Taiwan, the use of IQOS products by young people is far from negligible. We recommend amending the “Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act” to include regulations pertaining to the sale and marketing of HTPs.
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Sharman, Almaz, and Tursynbek Nurmagambetov. "Changes in Respiratory Function and Physical Capacity among Smokers after Switching to IQOS: One Year Follow-Up." Global Journal of Respiratory Care 6, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2312-5470.2020.06.03.
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Background: Combustible cigarettes (CC) smoking is a common risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is the fourth leading cause of death in Kazakhstan. Switching to “heat-not-burn” tobacco products (IQOS) has been shown to have less deleterious health effect compared to CC for those who cannot quit smoking. The goal of the study was to explore respiratory and physical effects of switching from CC to IQOS in a population of long-time smokers in Kazakhstan. Methods: Two cohorts of men and women aged between 40 and 59 residing in Almaty (a large two-million city of Kazakhstan) were recruited into two cohort of 801 CC smokers and 400 IQOS users and matched by gender, age, education, and smoking history. Analyses also included 627 CC smokers and 308 IQOS users who maintained their tobacco product use during the first year of observation. Spirometry measurements and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were performed as a part of the baseline and one-year comprehensive assessments. In addition to spirometry, clinical assessments included components of metabolic syndrome and anthropometry. For comparative analysis between two cohorts Student’s t-test and Chi-squared tests were used. Results: We observed significantly better outcomes for IQOS users in most of CAT scores, spirometry outcomes, and in some metabolic syndrome components. Although changes in the results between the baseline and the one-year assessments show comparable results, smokers of CC often show significantly faster decline in the health status compared to IQOS. Specifically, the changes in CAT score and in spirometry FEV1 over FVC ratios were worsening at higher pace for CC smokers compared to IQOS users. Conclusions: After one year of observation IQOS users demonstrated better outcomes for most of CAT scores and in the ratio of FEV1 over FVC in comparison to CC smokers.
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Tabuchi, Takahiro, Silvano Gallus, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Tomoki Nakaya, Naoki Kunugita, and Brian Colwell. "Heat-not-burn tobacco product use in Japan: its prevalence, predictors and perceived symptoms from exposure to secondhand heat-not-burn tobacco aerosol." Tobacco Control 27, e1 (December 16, 2017): e25-e33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053947.
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ObjectivesA heat-not-burn (HNB) tobacco product, IQOS, was first launched in Japan and Italy as test markets and is currently in commerce in 30 countries. Using two data sources, we examined interest in HNB tobacco (IQOS, Ploom and glo), its prevalence, predictors of its use and symptoms from exposure to secondhand HNB tobacco aerosol in Japan, where HNB tobacco has been sold since 2014.MethodsPopulation interest in HNB tobacco was explored using Google search query data. Prevalence of HNB tobacco current use (ie, use in the previous 30 days) was calculated using a longitudinal internet survey of 8240 individuals (15–69 years old in 2015) followed up to 2017. Rates of perceived symptoms from exposure to exhaled aerosol of others’ HNB tobacco were also calculated.ResultsThe largest internet search volume for IQOS occurred in April 2016 in the week after a popular national entertainment TV show introduced IQOS. For Ploom and glo, search volumes have remained limited since their launch. Prevalence of IQOS users increased from 0.3% in January–February 2015 to 0.6% in January–February 2016 and up to 3.6% in January–February 2017, while estimated rates of use of other HNB tobacco products remained low in 2017. Respondents who had seen the TV programme in 2016 were more likely to have used IQOS than those who had not seen it (10.3% vs 2.7%). Among never-smokers who had been exposed to secondhand HNB tobacco aerosol, nearly half reported at least one acute symptom, although these symptoms were not serious.ConclusionsA popular TV programme triggered IQOS diffusion in Japan. Extrapolating from survey results to the general population, around 3.1 million people currently use IQOS in Japan. Tobacco control organisations and governments should closely monitor HNB tobacco and consider how to regulate it.
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Pataka, Athanasia, Seraphim Kotoulas, Evangelos Chatzopoulos, Ioanna Grigoriou, Konstantinos Sapalidis, Christoforos Kosmidis, Anastasios Vagionas, et al. "Acute Effects of a Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Product on Pulmonary Function." Medicina 56, no. 6 (June 12, 2020): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56060292.
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Background and objectives: During the last decade, conventional tobacco smoking is experiencing a decline and new smoking products have been introduced. IQOS (“I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking”) is a type of “heat-not-burn” (HNB) tobacco product. The impact of IQOS on respiratory health is currently not defined. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the acute effects of IQOS on pulmonary function in non-smokers and current smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male healthy non-smokers and current smokers with no known co-morbidity underwent an exhaled CO measurement, oximetry (SaO2%), pulmonary function tests (flows, volumes and diffusion capacity), and a measurement of respiratory resistances with an impulse oscillometry system (IOS) before and immediately after IQOS use. Results: In the whole group of 50 participants, SaO2%, forced expiratory flow at 25% and 50% of vital capacity (FEF 25%, FEF 50%, respectively), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide/VA (KCO) decreased significantly after IQOS use, whereas exhaled CO and airway resistance (R5 Hz, R10 Hz, r15 Hz, R20 Hz, R25 Hz, R35 Hz) increased. When the groups of smokers and non-smokers were compared, in both groups (all males, 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers), exhaled CO increased and SaO2% decreased after IQOS use (p < 0.001). In the group of non-smokers, PEF (pre 8.22 ± 2.06 vs. post 7.5 ± 2.16, p = 0.001) and FEF 25% (pre 7.6 ± 1.89 vs. 7.14 ± 2.06, p = 0.009) decreased significantly; respiratory resistances R20 Hz (pre 0.34 ± 0.1 vs. post 0.36 ± 0.09, p = 0.09) and R25 Hz (pre 0.36 ± 0.1 vs. post 0.38 ± 0.09, p = 0.08) increased almost significantly. In smokers, PEF (pre 7.69 ± 2.26 vs. post 7.12 ± 2.03, p = 0.007) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (pre 1.57 ± 0.76 vs. post1.23 ± 0.48, p = 0.03) decreased and R35 Hz (pre 0.36 ± 0.11 vs. post 0.39 ± 0.11, p = 0.047) increased. The differences in the changes after the use of IQOS did not differ between groups. Conclusions: IQOS had an impact on exhaled CO, SaO2%, and airways function immediately after use. Even though these changes were rather small to be considered of major clinical importance, they should raise concerns regarding the long-term safety of this product. Further research is needed for the short- and long-term effects of IQOS, especially in patients with respiratory disease.
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Glantz, Stanton A. "PMI’s own in vivo clinical data on biomarkers of potential harm in Americans show that IQOS is not detectably different from conventional cigarettes." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (August 21, 2018): s9—s12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054413.
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IntroductionNew ‘heated tobacco products’ are being marketed in several countries with claims that they expose users to lower levels of toxins than conventional cigarettes which could be read as being less likely to cause health problems than conventional cigarettes. In the USA, Philip Morris International (PMI) has submitted an application to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to market its heated tobacco product, IQOS, with reduced exposure and reduced risk claims.MethodsAnalysis of detailed results on 24 biomarkers of potential harm in PMI studies of humans using IQOS compared with humans using conventional cigarettes.ResultsAmong American adults, there is no statistically detectable difference between IQOS and conventional cigarette users for 23 of the 24 biomarkers of potential harm in PMI’s studies. In Japan, there were no significant differences between people using IQOS and conventional cigarettes in 10 of 13 biomarkers of potential harm. It is likely that some of the significant differences are false positives.ConclusionDespite delivering lower levels of some toxins than conventional cigarettes, PMI’s own data fail to show consistently lower risks of harm in humans using its heated tobacco product, IQOS, than conventional cigarettes.
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Fried, Nicholas D., and Jason D. Gardner. "Heat-not-burn tobacco products: an emerging threat to cardiovascular health." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 319, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): H1234—H1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00708.2020.
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Cigarette smoking is at all-time lows globally, but the use of electronic cigarettes has increased profoundly. Recent reports of electronic cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury may lead individuals to explore novel methods of nicotine consumption, such as heat-not-burn devices. IQOS from Philip Morris, a heat-not-burn device, became available for purchase in the United States in October 2019. Philip Morris claims that 8.8 million people have abandoned traditional cigarettes in favor of IQOS; however, evidence suggests that it may act as a gateway or complement to cigarette smoking, rather than a replacement. Surveys indicate that 96% of Korean IQOS users also smoke cigarettes, and 45% of Italian users of IQOS had never smoked cigarettes. In the United States, Canada, and England, susceptibility of youth to trying IQOS was slightly lower than electronic cigarettes, but higher than cigarette smoking. Heat-not-burn products produce mainstream and second-hand emissions of harmful chemicals, including nicotine, particulate matter, benzene, acrolein, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. The levels of these emissions, despite being less than those of traditional cigarettes, are potentially harmful to cardiovascular health. A study of current smokers showed similar acute effects of heat-not-burn tobacco products and traditional cigarettes on heart rate, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness. Rats exposed to IQOS had similar vascular endothelial function impairment to those exposed to cigarettes. Heat-not-burn aerosol exposure of cultured macrophages elicited increased oxidative stress, although less than that induced by cigarette smoke. Further studies are needed to better understand the cardiovascular effects of heat-not-burn tobacco products.
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Peruzzi, Mariangela, Elena Cavarretta, Giacomo Frati, Roberto Carnevale, Fabio Miraldi, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Sebastiano Sciarretta, et al. "Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 6029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176029.
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Modified risk products (MRP) such as electronic vaping cigarettes (EVC) and heat-not-burn cigarettes (HNBC) are appealing alternatives to combustion cigarettes. Limited between- and within-device comparative data are available on MRP. We aimed at comparing indoor particulate matter (PM) emissions measured in a randomized trial enforcing standardized smoking sessions, testing different devices and flavors of MRP, using traditional combustion cigarettes (TCC) as benchmark. Overall, MRP yielded significantly lower levels of indoor PM in comparison to TCC (with median PM levels during smoking for MRP < 100 μg/m3, and for TCC > 1000 μg/m3). Despite this, significant differences among MRP were found, with Iqos appearing associated with a significantly lower burden of emissions for all the monitored fractions of PM, including total PM (all p < 0.05). Precisely, during use, PM ≤1 µm (PM1) emissions were 28 (16; 28) μg/m3 for Glo, 25 (15; 57) μg/m3 for Iqos, and 73 (15; 559) μg/m3 for Juul (p < 0.001 for Glo vs. Iqos, p < 0.001 for Glo vs. Juul, and p = 0.045 for Iqos vs. Juul). Exploratory within-MRP analyses suggested significant differences between flavors, favoring, for instance, Ultramarine for Glo, Bronze for Iqos, and Mango for Juul, even if results varied substantially according to individual smoker. In conclusion, leading MRP have significantly less intense and persistent effects on indoor pollution in comparison to TCC. Yet, when focusing solely on MRP, between-product and between-flavor differences appear, with quantitative estimates suggesting lower polluting effects with Iqos. These results, if confirmed externally, could be used to individualize product and flavor choice to minimize the untoward effects of EVC and HNBC on indoor pollution.
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Lee, Yue-Chune, Li-Chuan Chang, Chieh Hsu, and Pei-Ching Chen. "Comparing the Characteristics of Cigarette Smoking and e-Cigarette and IQOS Use among Adolescents in Taiwan." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (June 20, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7391587.
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Objectives. Our objective in this study was to identify the risk factors for cigarette, e-cigarette, and IQOS use among adolescents in Taiwan, with a particular focus on socioeconomic status, smoking status of parents and peers, cigarette promotions, and anti-tobacco campaigns. Methods. Data were obtained from the 2018 version of the annual cross-sectional Taiwan Global Youth Tobacco Survey, which is used to monitor tobacco use among Taiwanese adolescents in junior and senior high schools. The dependent variables in the study were “current cigarette smoking,” “current use of e-cigarettes,” and “current use of IQOS devices” (i.e., during the 30 days prior to survey completion). Independent variables included gender, school grade, monthly income/allowance, educational level of parents, smoking status of parents, smoking status of close friends, access to free cigarettes, exposure to cigarette advertisements, and attendance at anti-tobacco courses. Logistic regression was used in the identification of factors correlated with the current use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, or IQOS. Results. We determined that 5.65% of the adolescents in the study were currently using cigarettes, 2.74% were currently using e-cigarettes, and 2.33% were currently using IQOS. Our analysis revealed a number of factors that have a bearing on smoking behavior, including gender, monthly allowance, educational level of parents, smoking status of parents and close friends, access to free cigarettes, and exposure to cigarette advertisements. Conclusions. The tobacco product that was most widely used by adolescents was cigarettes, followed by e-cigarettes and IQOS. The socioeconomic status, smoking status of parents/close friends, and access to cigarettes were all identified as important factors related to the current use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and IQOS by adolescents.
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Moazed, Farzad, Lauren Chun, Michael A. Matthay, Carolyn S. Calfee, and Jeffrey Gotts. "Assessment of industry data on pulmonary and immunosuppressive effects of IQOS." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (August 29, 2018): s20—s25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054296.
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IntroductionHeated tobacco products are being touted as novel reduced-harm tobacco products by tobacco companies. In the USA, Philip Morris International submitted a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application to the US Food and Drug Administration in 2016 in which it purports that its heated tobacco product, I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking (IQOS), is associated with reduced harm compared with conventional cigarettes.MethodsWe reviewed Philip Morris International’s MRTP application to assess the pulmonary and immune toxicities associated with IQOS use in both animal and human studies.ResultsAmong rats exposed to IQOS, there was evidence of pulmonary inflammation and immunomodulation. In human users, there was no evidence of improvement in pulmonary inflammation or pulmonary function in cigarette smokers who were switched to IQOS.ConclusionIQOS is associated with significant pulmonary and immunomodulatory toxicities with no detectable differences between conventional cigarette smokers and those who were switched to IQOS in Philip Morris International’s studies. Philip Morris International also failed to consider how dual use and secondhand aerosol exposure may further impact, and likely increase, the harms associated with these products.
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Elias, Jesse, Lauren M. Dutra, Gideon St. Helen, and Pamela M. Ling. "Revolution or redux? Assessing IQOS through a precursor product." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (October 10, 2018): s102—s110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054327.
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BackgroundPhilip Morris International (PMI) currently claims that its heated tobacco product, IQOS, reduces health risk by reducing users’ exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents present in tobacco smoke. Given the tobacco industry’s long history of misrepresenting and obfuscating research, independent assessment of PMI’s claims is important. Analysis of Accord, a failed but strikingly similar precursor to IQOS, may help contextualise PMI’s claims in its Modified Risk Tobacco Product (MRTP) application.MethodsWe analysed previously secret internal Philip Morris (PM) and PMI documents, public communications and MRTP application.ResultsPM marketed Accord as a ‘cleaner’ tobacco product in an attempt to address smokers’ growing health concerns without making explicit health claims. While PM communications asserted that Accord reduced users’ exposure to harmful constituents, company scientists and executives consistently stressed to both regulators and the public that such reductions did not render Accord safer. IQOS’s design and marketing are similar to Accord’s. On the basis of aerosol chemistry data, IQOS reduces user exposure to some compounds compared with Accord but raises them for others.DiscussionIQOS appears to be a variant of Accord without consistent improvements in exposure to aerosol toxic compounds. In contrast to PM’s past claims for Accord, PMI now claims in its MRTP application that IQOS reduces health risk. This shift in stance is likely not the result of any toxicological difference between Accord and IQOS, but rather a change in the social and regulatory landscape permitting these claims.
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Brändlein, Philip. "Philip Morris schließt mehrere Iqos-Filialen." Lebensmittel Zeitung 74, no. 7 (2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2022-7-017.
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Der Tabakkonzern Philip Morris schließt in Deutschland mehrere „Iqos-Stores“. Das Geschäft mit Tabakerhitzern bleibt gleichwohl umkämpft: Philip Morris erzielte in einem Patentstreit um das Produkt Glo seines Konkurrenten British American Tobacco jüngst einen Sieg.
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Gu, Jiayan, Lorien C. Abroms, David A. Broniatowski, and W. Douglas Evans. "An Investigation of Influential Users in the Promotion and Marketing of Heated Tobacco Products on Instagram: A Social Network Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031686.
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While an increasing body of the literature has documented the exposure to emerging tobacco products including heated tobacco products (HTPs) on social media, few studies have investigated the various stakeholders involved in the generation of promotional tobacco content. This study constructed a social network of Instagram users who posted IQOS content, a leading HTP brand, between 1 January and 5 April 2021 and identified users who positioned near the center of the network. We identified 4526 unique Instagram users who had created 19,951 IQOS-related posts during the study period. Nearly half of the users (42.1%) were business accounts authorized by Instagram, among which 59.0% belonged to Personal Goods and General Merchandise Stores and 18.1% belonged to Creators and Celebrities. For users with higher in-degree, out-degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality in the network, the majority of them were accounts directly associated with IQOS (e.g., containing “iqos” in username) or related to tobacco business as self-identified in the bio. Our findings further refine the social media marketing presence of tobacco products and suggest that the current self-regulatory efforts led by social media platforms are far from enough.
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Hair, Elizabeth C., Morgane Bennett, Emily Sheen, Jennifer Cantrell, Jodie Briggs, Zoe Fenn, Jeffrey G. Willett, and Donna Vallone. "Examining perceptions about IQOS heated tobacco product: consumer studies in Japan and Switzerland." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (May 15, 2018): s70—s73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054322.
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ObjectiveTo examine consumer perceptions, attitudes and behaviours regarding the heated tobacco product, IQOS, as well as to document the product’s marketing strategies to determine its potential for appealing to youth and young adults.MethodTruth Initiative, in collaboration with Flamingo, collected qualitative data via: (1) expert interviews, (2) semiotic analysis of IQOS packing and marketing materials, and (3) 12 focus groups with adults in Switzerland (ages 19–44 years; June 6–9, 2016) and Japan (ages 20–39 years; June 22–24, 2016) (n=68 for both groups).ResultsExpert interviews and IQOS packing and marketing analyses revealed the product is being marketed as a clean, chic and pure product, which resonated very well in Japan given the strong cultural values of order, cleanliness, quality and respect for others. Focus groups results indicated Japanese IQOS users used the product for socialising with non-smokers. Focus group participants in both Japan and Switzerland reported lower levels of satisfaction with the product relative to combustible cigarettes, although many found the product packaging to be appealing. While participants identified several benefits and barriers related to IQOS, few reported any potential health benefits of use compared with combustible tobacco products.ConclusionIQOS was marketed as a sophisticated, high tech and aspirational product. Because youth and young adults are more interested in such product positioning, this approach raises some concern about youth appeal. This research shows cultural factors appeared to affect the appeal of this messaging, indicating that prevalence and uptake data will likely not be similar from country to country.
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Lee, Joseph G. L., Tiffany M. Blanchflower, Kevin F. O'Brien, Paige E. Averett, Leslie E. Cofie, and Kyle R. Gregory. "Evolving IQOS packaging designs change perceptions of product appeal, uniqueness, quality and safety: a randomised experiment, 2018, USA." Tobacco Control 28, e1 (June 4, 2019): e52-e55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054910.
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BackgroundGlobally, the tobacco industry is promoting heated tobacco products. These products may represent a strategy to promote dual use of tobacco products. One product, IQOS from Philip Morris International, is being proposed in the USA for marketing as a less harmful product. The visual design of tobacco products can influence consumers by implying product characteristics. Thus, we sought to test the impact of IQOS packaging designs on cognitive, affective and behavioural intention responses.MethodsFrom existing IQOS packages used globally, we developed three IQOS packages that decreasingly linked the product to the Marlboro brand. In September to October 2018, we assigned participants randomly to one package in an online experiment. All participants (n=954) were US adults reporting current smoking and no colour blindness. The experiment used quota sampling to ensure diversity by gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity and education. Measures were informed by the Context of Consumption Framework. To assess differences in ratings, we conducted non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests with post hoc comparisons using Dunn’s test.ResultsWe found significant differences in cognitive indicators including appeal (H=6.87, p=0.03), uniqueness (H=15.68, p<0.01), brand equity–quality (H=122.35, p<0.01) and perceived safety compared with other tobacco products (H=14.27, p<0.01). Participants rated packages similarly on affective and behavioural intention measures. All were rated low for talking to others about the product and high for interest in trying with a coupon.ConclusionLinking or separating IQOS products with a well-established cigarette brand changes how adult smokers respond to the product. Regulators should consider the visual design of packaging.
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Goldenson, Nicholas I., Erik M. Augustson, Joey Chen, and Saul Shiffman. "Pharmacokinetic and subjective assessment of prototype JUUL2 electronic nicotine delivery system in two nicotine concentrations, JUUL system, IQOS, and combustible cigarette." Psychopharmacology 239, no. 3 (February 20, 2022): 977–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06100-0.
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Abstract Rationale Electronic nicotine delivery systems and heated tobacco products are noncombustible alternatives for adult smokers. Evidence suggests sufficient nicotine delivery and satisfying effects are necessary to facilitate switching away from smoking; nicotine delivery varies across electronic nicotine delivery systems within limited nicotine concentrations. Objectives To assess the nicotine delivery and subjective effects of prototype JUUL2 System in two nicotine concentrations, currently-marketed US JUUL System (“JUUL”), IQOS-brand heated tobacco product, and combustible cigarettes. Methods Adult smokers (N = 40) completed a 5-arm cross-over product-use laboratory confinement study. Nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects were assessed following use of: (1) JUUL2 prototype 18 mg/mL nicotine; (2) JUUL2 prototype 40 mg/mL; (3) JUUL 59 mg/mL; (4) IQOS 18 mg/g; and (5) usual brand combustible cigarette, each evaluated during ad libitum (10 min) and controlled (5 min, 10 standardized puffs) use. Results Nicotine delivery was greatest for combustible cigarettes, followed by JUUL2 prototype 40 mg/mL, IQOS, JUUL2 prototype 18 mg/mL, and JUUL 59 mg/mL. Nicotine delivery from JUUL2 prototype 18 mg/mL was significantly greater than JUUL 59 mg/mL after ad libitum use. JUUL products were significantly more satisfying and effective at reducing craving than IQOS. JUUL2 prototype 40 mg/mL was significantly more aversive than other JUUL products. Conclusions Prototype JUUL2 and JUUL 59 mg/mL products were rated higher than IQOS on subjective measures associated with switching away from smoking. The JUUL2 prototype 40 mg/mL produced aversive responses and would require modifications to be a viable product for adult smokers. Nicotine delivery and subjective responses to JUUL2 prototype 18 mg/mL suggest a product based on this prototype may facilitate increased switching among adult smokers.
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Glantz, Stanton A. "Heated tobacco products: the example of IQOS." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (October 22, 2018): s1—s6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054601.
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Sutanto, Edward, Connor Miller, Danielle M. Smith, Richard J. O’Connor, Anne C. K. Quah, K. Michael Cummings, Steve Xu, et al. "Prevalence, Use Behaviors, and Preferences among Users of Heated Tobacco Products: Findings from the 2018 ITC Japan Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 4630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234630.
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Heated tobacco products (HTPs), such as IQOS, glo, and Ploom TECH, with a variety of flavored tobacco-containing inserts, have reportedly achieved a significant market share in Japan. We analyzed data from Wave 1 of the ITC Japan Survey, a nationally representative web survey conducted in February to March 2018 among 4684 adult participants to estimate the prevalence of HTP use, describe characteristics of HTP users, and explore user preferences for HTP device and flavor. The overall prevalence of monthly HTP use was 2.7% (1.7% daily use). Virtually all HTP users were current cigarette smokers (67.8%) or former smokers (25.0%); only 1.0% of HTP users were never smokers. Among HTP users, IQOS was the most frequently reported brand used (64.5%), and menthol was the most common flavor reported (41.5%). IQOS was used more by younger respondents and those who reported daily use, while Ploom TECH was more popular among older respondents and non-daily HTP users. This is one of the first non-industry funded studies to explore the use of HTPs in Japan.
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Еникеев, Д. А., Л. Т. Идрисова, О. А. Еникеев, К. О. Кузнецов, Д. Р. Ахмадеева, С. А. Еникеева, И. Д. Габдрахманова, А. И. Гарифуллин, and Ф. А. Сахабутдинов. "Comparison of hazard and toxicity of tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems, and tobacco heating systems (IQOS) (review)." Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez», no. 3() (December 12, 2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/2310-0435.2019.03.25-33.
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В статье представлены актуальные данные экспериментальных и клинических исследований по изучению влияния различных средств доставки никотина в организм курильщика. Проведён сравнительный анализ воздействия табачных сигарет, электронных средств доставки никотина и системы нагревания табака IQOS на показатели здоровья и развития организма человека, а также лабораторных животных. Показано, что, несмотря на громкие заявления производителей альтернативных средств доставки никотина о полной безвредности их устройств, результаты экспериментальных исследований обнаруживают в них не только известные канцерогены, но и новые потенциально опасные вещества, которые не содержатся в обычных сигаретах, и влияние которых на организм достаточно не изучено. На данный момент имеются все основания полагать, что употребление электронных сигарет и IQOS может приводить к заболеваниям нервной, кроветворной, иммунной, дыхательной систем, а также к развитию онкологических заболеваний. The article presents current results of experimental and clinical studies focusing on effects of various nicotine delivery systems. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the impact of tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery devices, and IQOS tobacco heating systems on the health and development of humans and laboratory animals. The review of recent literature has shown that, despite ambitious statements of the manufacturers about complete safety of their devices, experiments have demonstrated that they release not only well-known carcinogens but also new, potentially hazardous substances. These substances are not contained in ordinary cigarettes, and their effects on the body has not been sufficiently studied. Presently, it seems very likely that the use of electronic cigarettes and IQOS can lead to diseases of the nervous, hematopoietic, immune, and respiratory systems as well as to oncological diseases.
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Popova, Lucy, Lauren Kass Lempert, and Stanton A. Glantz. "Light and mild redux: heated tobacco products’ reduced exposure claims are likely to be misunderstood as reduced risk claims." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (September 12, 2018): s87—s95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054324.
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IntroductionHeated tobacco products (HTPs) are being marketed in several countries around the world with claims that they are less harmful than combusted cigarettes, based on assertions that they expose users to lower levels of toxicants. In the USA, Philip Morris International (PMI) has submitted an application to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2016 seeking authorisation to market its HTPs, IQOS, with reduced risk and reduced exposure claims.MethodsWe examined the PMI’s Perception and Behavior Assessment Studies evaluating perceptions of reduced risk claims that were submitted to the FDA and made publicly available.ResultsQualitative and quantitative studies conducted by PMI demonstrate that adult consumers in the USA perceive reduced exposure claims as reduced risk claims.ConclusionThe data in the PMI modified risk tobacco product IQOS application do not support reduced risk claims and the reduced exposure claims are perceived as reduced risk claims, which is explicitly prohibited by the FDA. Allowing PMI to promote IQOS as reduced exposure would amount to a legally sanctioned repeat of the ‘light’ and ‘mild’ fraud which, for conventional cigarettes, is prohibited by the US law and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
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Abroms, Lorien, Hagai Levine, Katelyn Romm, Christina Wysota, David Broniatowski, Yael Bar-Zeev, and Carla Berg. "Anticipating IQOS market expansion in the United States." Tobacco Prevention & Cessation 8, January (January 28, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18332/tpc/144650.
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Chen, Xin, Patrick C. Bailey, Clarissa Yang, Bryant Hiraki, Michael J. Oldham, and I. Gene Gillman. "Targeted Characterization of the Chemical Composition of JUUL Systems Aerosol and Comparison with 3R4F Reference Cigarettes and IQOS Heat Sticks." Separations 8, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8100168.
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Aerosol constituent yields have been reported from a wide range of electronic nicotine delivery systems. No comprehensive study has been published on the aerosol constituents generated from the JUUL system. Targeted analyses of 53 aerosol constituents from the four JUUL products currently on the US market (Virginia Tobacco and Menthol flavored e-liquids in both 5.0% and 3.0% nicotine concentration by weight) was performed using non-intense and intense puffing regimens. All measurements were conducted by an ISO 17025 accredited contract research organization. JUUL product aerosol constituents were compared to published values for the 3R4F research cigarette and IQOS Regular and Menthol heated tobacco products. Across the four JUUL products and two puffing regimes, only 10/53 analytes were quantifiable, including only two carbonyls (known propylene glycol or glycerol degradants). The remaining analytes were primary ingredients, nicotine degradants and water. Average analyte reductions (excluding primary ingredients and water) for all four JUUL system aerosols tested were greater than 98% lower than 3R4F mainstream smoke, and greater than 88% lower than IQOS aerosol. In summary, chemical characterization and evaluation of JUUL product aerosols demonstrates a significant reduction in toxicants when compared to mainstream cigarette smoke from 3R4F reference cigarettes or aerosols from IQOS-heated tobacco products.
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Popova, T. M., O. A. Nakonechna, O. V. Tishchenko, and L. S. Kryvenko. "THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM FUNCTION INDICATORS IN ORAL LIQUID OF IQOS SMOKING ADOLESCENTS." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2021.21.
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Heated tobacco products (HTP) were introduced to the world market as an alternative to conventional tobacco cigarettes. Active advertising, readily available to purchase and the public's perception that HTP are a safer alternative to conventional tobacco cigarettes lead to increasing their consumption by young age group in Ukraine. Despite the claims by the tobacco corporations about reduction of adverse effects the HTP on the activity of cardiovascular system, the published studies of potential vascular endothelial consequences were not found. Therefore, the aim of our study is to assess the HTP effect on vascular endothelial cells by determination of the nitrate, nitrite, S-nitrosothiols, and endothelin-1 levels in saliva of smoking adolescents. The object and research methods. Thirty adolescents aged 14-17 years old were divided to three groups. Group I was introduced by ten healthy non-smoking adolescents (control group). Group II consists of ten smoking adolescents have smoked the IQOS for two years. Group III is formed by ten smoking adolescents who have smoked the IQOS for three years. The salivary nitrate and nitrite levels were measured using the Griess assay such as an indicator of NO production. The salivary S-nitrosothiols were measured spectrophotometrically. The salivary endothelin-1 level was measured with ELISA kit. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the STATISTICA 7.0 program. The data were presented as Median values (Me), lower and upper quartile, i.e. Me [Lq; Uq]. Statistical significance was accepted if p < 0.05. Results. The salivary nitrate concentrations in groups II (Me = 14.11 [13.98; 14.52] μmol/l) and III (Me = 12.06 [11.44; 12.31] μmol/l) were significantly decreased compared to group I (Me = 15.89 [14.98; 16.89] μmol/l, KW test: H = 23.59, p=0.000. The values of nitrite in groups II and III were the following: Me = 2.32 [1.47; 2.48] μmol/l and 1.37 [1.25; 1.44] μmol/l, respectively. The indices were lower in 1.41 and 2.36 times than in group I: Me = 3. 24 [3.05; 3.78] μmol/l, KW test: Н = 22.92, p = 0.000. The levels of salivary S-nitrosothiols in group II are: Me = 1.02 [0.84; 1.27] μmol/l and group III Me = 0.36 [0.25; 0.62] μmol/l were reduced in 1.75 and 4.97 times compared to group I: Me = 1.79 [1.67; 1.97] μmol/l, KW test: Н = 24.46, р = 0.000. We assume that the reduction of salivary nitrate and nitrite concentrations is associated with a low level of S-nitrosothiols which serve as deposited and released nitric oxide (NO). Probably, the decrease of nitrates and nitrites is associated with the inhibition of endothelial NO synthase. The salivary endothelin-1 level was significantly higher in group II: Ме=0.58 [0.53; 0.73] pmol/ml and in group III: Ме = 0.82 [0.79; 0.93] pmol/ml than in group I: Ме = 0.17 [0.14; 0.26] pmol/ml, KW test: Н = 23.94, р = 0.000. It should be noted, the significant differences between data of nitrate, nitrite, S-nitrosothiol and endothelin-1 content in groups II and III were found (Mann-Whitney U test, nitrates - Z = 3.62, p = 0.000; nitrites - Z = 2.91 , p = 0.003; S-nitrosothiols - Z = 3.74, p = 0.00; endothelin-1 - Z = 3.36, p = 0.000). These results showed interrelation between adverse IQOS effect on vascular endothelium of adolescents duration of IQOS smoke. Conclusions. The adverse effect of heated tobacco product (IQOS) on the biochemical indicators of the vascular endothelium function of adolescents was found in our experimental study. The salivary nitrate, nitrite and S-nitrosothiols levels were significantly decreased in IQOS smoking adolescents. The salivary endothelin-1 content was significantly elevated in IQOS smoking adolescents. The revealed changes indicate the endothelial dysfunction in young smokers. The development of pathological processes in the vascular endothelium depends on the smoking duration.
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Bello S., Sergio. "Productos de tabaco calentado con especial referencia a IQOS." Revista chilena de enfermedades respiratorias 35, no. 3 (2019): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73482019000300225.
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Leigh, Noel J., Mary N. Palumbo, Anthony M. Marino, Richard J. O’Connor, and Maciej Lukasz Goniewicz. "Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in heated tobacco product IQOS." Tobacco Control 27, Suppl 1 (September 21, 2018): s37—s38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054318.
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Kim, Samuel CJ, and Theodore C. Friedman. "A New Ingenious Enemy: Heat-Not-Burn Products." Tobacco Use Insights 15 (January 2022): 1179173X2210764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179173x221076419.
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While cigarette smoking is still a major source of morbidity and mortality, e-cigarette usage is skyrocketing, and the tobacco industry is finding new ways to market nicotine. With updated published research highlighting the dangers of cigarette smoking and now vaping, the industry has been developing new techniques and devices that circumvent this research to hook users on tobacco and nicotine. The FDA allowed Philip Morris International (PMI) to sell their heat not burn tobacco products known as iQOS in 2019. By 2019, 49 countries had permitted the sale of iQOS. This commentary summarizes the recent research on heat not burn cigarettes, also known as heated tobacco products and their effects on public policy. We urge policy makers to consider the research published regarding these new products and prevent the widespread use of these products that will harm public health.
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Gale, Nathan, Mike McEwan, Alison C. Eldridge, Ian M. Fearon, Neil Sherwood, Edward Bowen, Simon McDermott, et al. "Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure on Switching From a Conventional Cigarette to Tobacco Heating Products: A Randomized, Controlled Study in Healthy Japanese Subjects." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 9 (June 15, 2018): 1220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty104.
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Abstract Background Smoking is a leading cause of numerous human disorders including pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Disease development is primarily caused by exposure to cigarette smoke constituents, many of which are known toxicants. Switching smokers to modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) has been suggested as a potential means to reduce the risks of tobacco use, by reducing such exposure. Methods This randomized, controlled study investigated whether biomarkers of toxicant exposure (BoE) were reduced when smokers switched from smoking combustible cigarettes to using a novel (glo™/THP1.0) or in-market comparator (iQOS/THS) tobacco heating product (THP). One hundred eighty Japanese smokers smoked combustible cigarettes during a 2-day baseline period, followed by randomization to either continue smoking cigarettes, switch to using mentholated or non-mentholated variants of glo™, switch to using a non-mentholated variant of iQOS, or quit nicotine and tobacco product use completely for 5 days. Baseline and post-randomization 24-h urine samples were collected for BoE analysis. Carbon monoxide was measured daily in exhaled breath (eCO). Results On day 5 after switching, urinary BoE (excluding for nicotine) and eCO levels were significantly (p < .05) reduced by medians between 20.9% and 92.1% compared with baseline in all groups either using glo™ or iQOS or quitting tobacco use. Between-group comparisons revealed that the reductions in the glo™ groups were similar (p > .05) to quitting in many cases. Conclusions glo™ or iQOS use for 5 days reduced exposure to smoke toxicants in a manner comparable to quitting tobacco use. THPs are reduced exposure tobacco products with the potential to be MRTPs. Implications This clinical study demonstrates that when smokers switched from smoking combustible cigarettes to using tobacco heating products their exposure to smoke toxicants was significantly decreased. In many cases, this was to the same extent as that seen when they quit smoking completely. This may indicate that these products have the potential to be reduced exposure and/or reduced risk tobacco products when used by smokers whose cigarette consumption is displaced completely. Clinical Trial Registrations ISRCTN14301360 and UMIN000024988.
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Hirano, Tomoyasu, Tokuaki Shobayashi, Teiji Takei, and Fumihiko Wakao. "Exposure Assessment of Environmental Tobacco Aerosol from Heated Tobacco Products: Nicotine and PM Exposures under Two Limited Conditions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 8536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228536.
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It is too early to provide a clear answer on the impact of exposure to the second-hand aerosol of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in the planning of policy for smoke-free indoors legislation. Here, we conducted a preliminary study to evaluate indoor air quality with the use of HTPs. We first measured the concentration of nicotine and particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air following 50 puffs in the use of HTPs or cigarettes in a small shower cubicle. We then measured these concentrations in comparison with the use equivalent of smoking 5.4 cigarettes per hour in a 25 m3 room, as a typical indoor environment test condition. In the shower cubicle test, nicotine concentrations in indoor air using three types of HTP, namely IQOS, glo, and ploomTECH, were 25.9–257 μg/m3. These values all exceed the upper bound of the range of tolerable concentration without health concerns, namely 3 µg/m3. In particular, the indoor PM2.5 concentration of about 300 to 500 μg/m3 using IQOS or glo in the shower cubicle is hazardous. In the 25 m3 room test, in contrast, nicotine concentrations in indoor air with the three types of HTP did not exceed 3 μg/m3. PM2.5 concentrations were below the standard value of 15 μg/m3 per year for IQOS and ploomTECH, but were slightly high for glo, with some measurements exceeding 100 μg/m3. These results do not negate the inclusion of HTPs within a regulatory framework for indoor tolerable use from exposure to HTP aerosol, unlike cigarette smoke.
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Gutor, T. H., and S. P. Kozij-Bredelyeva. "ПОШИРЕНІСТЬ ВЖИВАННЯ ТЮТЮНОВИХ ВИРОБІВ СЕРЕД МОЛОДОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ ЛЬВІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ." Вісник соціальної гігієни та організації охорони здоров'я України, no. 4 (March 19, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11603/1681-2786.2020.4.11904.
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Мета: проаналізувати поширеність вживання тютюнових виробів серед молодого населення Львівської області.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено соціологічне вибіркове анонімне опитування молодих осіб (n=410, віком 18–44 роки) Львівської області щодо поширеності вживання тютюнових виробів і популярності новітніх методів куріння.
Результати. У ході дослідження з’ясовано, що з появою новітніх систем нагрівання тютюну прихильників звичайних сигарет серед молодих осіб Львівської області не поменшало. Навпаки, до них приєднались курці IQOS та Glo. Встановлено, що кожна третя молода особа Львівської області ((34,39±2,35) %) вживала тютюнові вироби. Вперше в Україні пристрої для нагрівання тютюну з’явилися у продажу в 2016 (IQOS) і 2018 (Glo) роках, а частка осіб, які їх використовують, постійно зростає. З’ясовано, що зі всіх респондентів (11,71±1,59) % використовували тютюнові вироби для нагрівання IQOS та Glo, при чому з-поміж них (47,92±2,47) % вживали їх щодня. Також встановлено, що значно зростає поширеність альтернативних методів вживання тютюну серед жіночого населення молодого віку.
Дослідження показало, що (72,92±2,19) % респондентів назвали основною причиною початку використання даних виробів як спосіб заміни куріння традиційних сигарет. Решта користувачів спробували їх як розвагу і через цікавість (продукцію постійно вдосконалюють – це стосується як оновлення дизайну, розмірів, форми, так і зручностей при використанні – зростає тривалість роботи без підзарядки тощо). Серед опитаних (6,25±1,20) % осіб повною мірою не усвідомлювали ризиків використання цих пристроїв для власного здоров’я. А з курців звичайних сигарет (1,85±0,67) % анкетованих частково розуміли шкідливий вплив куріння на свій організм.
Висновки. Робота аргументує потребу в науковому опрацюванні системи попередження новітніх методів вживання тютюнових виробів з-поміж молодого населення і запровадження правил контролю за тютюном та новими пристроями для куріння на законодавчому рівні.