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Journal articles on the topic 'IRA : Northern Ireland troubles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Günenç, Mesut. "Political violence and re-victimization in The Ferryman." Ars Aeterna 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aa-2021-0006.

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Abstract Jez Butterworth’s The Ferryman (2017) is a play about the Carney family living in 1980s Ireland during the period of insurgency of the Irish Republican Army (IRA – also known as the Provisional IRA) and its efforts to end British rule in Northern Ireland, a period known as “the Troubles”. This paper focuses on Jez Butterworth, one of the most distinctive voices of the contemporary British theatre scene and a typical representative of the 1990s cultural trend, and his tragedy The Ferryman, which portrays the struggle and conflicts between Catholic nationalists and Protestant loyalists in Northern Ireland in the last decades of the 20th century. The second major point of the study is that the power of the Irish Republican Party has a heavy impact on the play. The paper also discovers how Sean Carney and other members of his family both embody and apply the story of Eugene Simons and other members of “the Disappeared”. Like other young men, Seamus Carney became a victim during the Troubles and the campaign of political violence. The discovery of his body symbolizes how political violence created the Disappeared and shows that re-victimization and retraumatisation continue in the aftermath of the Troubles.

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2

Campbell, Sean. "‘Agitate, educate, organise’: partisanship, popular music and the Northern Ireland conflict." Popular Music 39, no. 2 (May 2020): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143019000242.

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AbstractThis article explores popular-musical invocations of the Northern Ireland conflict (1968–1998), focussing specifically on the period between the IRA hunger strike of 1981 and the British Government's Broadcasting Act in 1988. Whilst most songs addressed to the ‘Troubles’ were marked by (lyrical) abstraction and (political) non-alignment, this period witnessed a series of efforts that issued upfront and partisan views. The article explores two such instances – by That Petrol Emotion and Easterhouse – addressing each band's respective views as well as the specific performance strategies that they deployed in staging their interventions. Drawing on original interviews that the author has conducted with the musicians – alongside extensive archival research of print and audio/visual media – the article explores the bands’ songs in conjunction with salient ancillary media (such as record sleeves, videos and interviews), yielding a more nuanced account of popular music's engagement with the ‘Troubles’ than has been offered in existing work (which often assumes the form of broad surveys).

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3

Lisle, Debbie. "Making safe: The dirty history of a bomb disposal robot." Security Dialogue 51, no. 2-3 (December 9, 2019): 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010619887849.

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In the Ulster Museum’s new gallery The Troubles and Beyond, the central display showcases a Wheelbarrow bomb disposal robot. This machine was invented by the British Army in Northern Ireland in 1972 and used by officers of the 321 Explosive Ordinance Disposal Squadron (321EOD) to defuse car bombs planted by the Irish Republican Army (IRA). This article offers an alternative history of that machine – a dirtier history – that critically assesses its role during the Troubles. Centrally, the article contests the British Army’s preferred account of this machine as a ‘game-changing’ technological innovation in counterinsurgency, and their understanding of themselves as benign peacekeepers. Rather than figure the Wheelbarrow robot as an unreadable ‘black box’ used instrumentally by the superior human operators of 321EOD, this article seeks to foreground the unruly transfers of agency between the machine and its operators as they tested and experimented in the exceptional colonial laboratory of Northern Ireland. The article further explores the machine’s failures during bomb disposal episodes, the collateral damage that resulted, and the multiple and often unruly reactions of local populations who watched the Wheelbarrow robot at work. Providing a ‘dirty history’ of the Wheelbarrow robot is an effort to demonstrate that war can never be fully cleaned up, either through militarized mythologies of technological innovation or hopeful museum displays.

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4

Ferguson, Neil, Eve Binks, Mícheál D. Roe, Jessica Nee Brown, Tiffany Adams, Sharon Mary Cruise, and Christopher Alan Lewis. "The IRA Apology of 2002 and forgiveness in Northern Ireland's troubles: A cross-national study of printed media." Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology 13, no. 1 (March 2007): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0094026.

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5

Cox, Michael. "Thinking ‘Globally’ about Peace in Northern Ireland." Politics 18, no. 1 (February 1998): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9256.00061.

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Though many in Britain and Northern Ireland remain highly sceptical about the longer term intentions of the Provisional IRA, it is clear that its ceasefire of August 1994 represented a major turning-point in Irish history. The nature of the IRA decision however remains shrouded in controversy – made all the more controversial of course by its resumption of military activities followed eighteen months later by the announcement of another ceasefire. This article seeks to throw light on the original IRA decision by exploring some of the international pressures which led the organization to take the decision it did in 1994. While in no way seeking to downplay the importance of ‘internal’ factors such as war weariness and the Anglo-Irish agreement, it is suggested here that the decision itself makes little sense unless it is situated within a wider global context. It is also implied that if analysts had been more sensitive to the influence of the ‘global’ upon the ‘local’ conflict in Northern Ireland, they may have been less surprised than they were by the IRA announcement.

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6

Girvin, Brian. "Anglo–Irish relations in the early Troubles, 1969–1972. By Daniel C. Williamson. Pp xii, 248. London: Bloomsbury, 2017. £85 hardback; £26.09 paperback. - The first Northern Ireland peace process: power-sharing, Sunningdale and the IRA ceasefires, 1972–76. By Thomas Hennessey. Pp ix, 260. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 2015. £74.99." Irish Historical Studies 42, no. 162 (November 2018): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2018.58.

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7

Begg, Iain, and David Mayes. "Peripherality and Northern Ireland." National Institute Economic Review 150 (November 1994): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019415000107.

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In writing recently about the economic problems that Northern Ireland faces (Begg and Mayes, 1994) we argued, uncontroversially, that an end to the ‘Troubles’ would significantly alter the region's prospects. Our analysis, nevertheless, focused on other factors which might be amenable to policy action. With an end to the Troubles in Northern Ireland now on the cards, these other characteristics of the Northern Ireland economy must be expected to be of increased importance in determining the Province's competitiveness compared with other parts of the UK and, indeed, other regions of the European Union. In particular, Northern Ireland is a prime example of a ‘peripheral’ economy, located as it is at the North-Western corner of the EU and facing the further barrier of a sea crossing to markets other than the Republic of Ireland. It is also a region that shares a number of the characteristics of the older industrial regions of Britain, such as high unemployment, persistent emigration of working-age population and difficulties in achieving industrial restructuring (Harris et al., 1990; Harris 1991).

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8

Lester, David. "The ‘Troubles’ in Northern Ireland and Suicide." Psychological Reports 90, no. 3 (June 2002): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.90.3.722.

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9

McNally, Damien. "Bereavement and the Troubles in Northern Ireland." Bereavement Care 30, no. 2 (July 2011): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02682621.2011.577999.

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10

Moore, Cormac. "Football unity during the Northern Ireland Troubles?" Soccer & Society 18, no. 5-6 (September 16, 2016): 663–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2016.1230341.

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11

Kirby, Dianne. "Religious Women and the Northern Ireland Troubles." Journal of Religious History 45, no. 3 (June 3, 2021): 412–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9809.12767.

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12

Cormac, Rory. "The Information Research Department, Unattributable Propaganda, and Northern Ireland, 1971–1973: Promising Salvation but Ending in Failure?*." English Historical Review 131, no. 552 (October 1, 2016): 1074–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cew342.

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Abstract This article examines the role of the Information Research Department (IRD) in Northern Ireland during the first half of the 1970s. After discussing British conceptualisations of propaganda, it offers a detailed account of IRD activity, including how a Foreign Office department came to be involved in operations on British soil; how IRD propaganda fitted into the broader British state apparatus in Northern Ireland; the activity in which the IRD was engaged—both in Northern Ireland and beyond; and some of the challenges it faced, which ultimately limited the campaign’s effectiveness. It argues that the IRD’s role was driven by decisions taken at the very top of government and took shape against a context of financial cuts, a deteriorating security situation in Northern Ireland, and a tradition of domestic propaganda in the UK. The IRD sought to advance four key themes: exploiting divisions within the IRA; undermining the IRA’s credibility amongst the population; linking the IRA to international terrorism; and portraying the IRA as communist.

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13

Saito, Ensin. "The Religious and Social Troubles in Northern Ireland." Journal of Research Society of Buddhism and Cultural Heritage, no. 3 (1995): 77–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5845/bukkyobunka.1995.77.

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14

Mumford, Andrew. "Times of Troubles: Britain's War in Northern Ireland." Contemporary British History 27, no. 1 (March 2013): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2013.766064.

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15

Hill, Andrew. "Northern Ireland and pre-Troubles BBC Television Drama." Media History 12, no. 1 (April 2006): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688800600597186.

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16

Bourke, Richard. "Languages of Conflict and the Northern Ireland Troubles." Journal of Modern History 83, no. 3 (September 2011): 544–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660886.

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17

Ellis, S. "Maxillofacial surgery and the troubles of Northern Ireland." British Dental Journal 168, no. 10 (May 1990): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4807220.

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18

Munck, Ronnie. "The Making of the Troubles in Northern Ireland." Journal of Contemporary History 27, no. 2 (April 1992): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002200949202700201.

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19

Hutchinson, Wesley. "The Northern Ireland troubles: What was there to photograph?" Przegląd Kulturoznawczy 3 (37) (2018): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843860pk.18.020.10105.

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20

Walsh, Michael J. K. "Mama’s Boys, Celtus, and the Troubles in Northern Ireland." Rock Music Studies 2, no. 1 (December 18, 2014): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401159.2014.988521.

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21

Ivory, Gareth. "The BBC’s ‘Irish troubles’: television, conflict and Northern Ireland." Irish Political Studies 33, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2017.1312810.

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22

McGuire, Matthew. "Lost Lives: Narrative, Commemoration, and the Northern Ireland Troubles." New Hibernia Review 22, no. 3 (2018): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nhr.2018.0029.

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23

Silke, Andrew, and Max Taylor. "War Without End: Comparing IRA and Loyalist Vigilantism in Northern Ireland." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 39, no. 3 (August 2000): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2311.00167.

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24

Edwards, Aaron. "Book Review: Britain and Ireland: Times of Troubles: Britain's War in Northern Ireland." Political Studies Review 12, no. 1 (January 2014): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12041_93.

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25

Graham, L. E., and R. C. Parke. "The Northern Ireland Troubles and limb loss: a retrospective study." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 28, no. 3 (December 2004): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093640409167754.

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The Troubles in Northern Ireland have now lasted 34 years. Divisions and strife between the opposing loyalist and republican communities, and between the communities and the security forces, have led to thousands of deaths and injuries. The violence has often been indiscriminate injuring and killing totally innocent people. Staff at the Regional Disablement Services at Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast have had the responsibility for helping to rehabilitate those who have suffered limb loss, both civilians and security forces personnel. In this study the authors present patient demographics for those survivors, referred for prosthetic fitting, who have sustained limb amputations as a result of the Troubles from 1969 to 2003, with the cause of injury, resulting levels of amputation, associated injuries, time to first prosthetic fitting and reason for any delay in fitting identified. One hundred and twenty-nine (129) patients sustained amputations, 110 male and 19 female with an age range at the time of injury from 7 to 60 years. Seventy-two (72) were civilian. Ninety-three (93) underwent immediate amputation, the most frequent level of amputation being trans-femoral. Delayed healing of deep wounds was the most common reason for delayed amputation; other causes were chronic osteomyelitis, malunited fractures and failed arthrodesis, often associated with chronic pain. Ninety-two (92) patients required amputation of one limb or part thereof, 35 required amputation of 2 limbs and 2 underwent triple amputation. Three (3) patients lost both hands. Sixty seven percent (67%) had other associated physical injuries. Thirty-two (32) patients had a delay of 6 months or more in fitting a prosthesis. The most common cause of injury was the car bomb.

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26

Walton, John. "The Troubles in Ballybogoin: Memory and Identity in Northern Ireland." Public Historian 26, no. 3 (2004): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2004.26.3.71.

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27

원태준. "Edward Heath, Paul VI and the Troubles in Northern Ireland." SA-CHONG(sa) ll, no. 82 (May 2014): 287–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.16957/sa..82.201405.287.

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28

Sheehan, J. Brian, and William F. Kelleher. "The Troubles in Ballybogoin: Memory and Identity in Northern Ireland." Journal of American Folklore 121, no. 480 (April 1, 2008): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20487602.

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29

Detcheberry, Damien, and Brian McIlroy. "Shooting to Kill: Filmmaking and the "Troubles" in Northern Ireland." Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 29, no. 2 (2003): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25515481.

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30

Hanna, Erika. "Photographs and “Truth” during the Northern Ireland Troubles, 1969–72." Journal of British Studies 54, no. 2 (April 2015): 457–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2015.6.

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AbstractThis article explores how photographs were used as evidence during the early Northern Ireland Troubles. In particular, it focuses on the collection and use of images at the Scarman Tribunal, which investigated the disturbances of the summer of 1969, and the Widgery Tribunal, which sought to ascertain the sequence of events surrounding Bloody Sunday. Through close readings of how photographs were used at these two tribunals, the article shows how the existence of certain photographs served to anchor discussions of trajectories of violence around certain places and moments, illustrates how photographs taken for publication in newspapers were reread as evidential documents, and indicates the range of plausible truths each photograph was understood to provide. The study shows the importance of exploring the processes and mechanisms through which the state made sense of Northern Ireland to understand how causal accounts of conflict were produced and authenticated—and how, in turn, those explanatory regimes shaped the policies of the British state and the responses of local communities, and became embedded in historical writing on the Troubles.

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31

Clukey, Amy. "White Troubles: The Southern Imaginary in Northern Ireland 2008–2016." Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory 73, no. 4 (2017): 61–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arq.2017.0021.

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32

Nickell, Karen. "“Troubles Textiles”: Textile Responses to the Conflict in Northern Ireland." TEXTILE 13, no. 3 (May 27, 2015): 234–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14759756.2015.1084693.

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33

Mulcahy, Aogán. "Book Review: The Media and Northern Ireland: Covering the Troubles." Irish Journal of Sociology 2, no. 1 (May 1992): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160359200200110.

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34

SIOCHAIN, SEAMAS O. "The Troubles in Ballybogoin: Memory and Identity in Northern Ireland." American Anthropologist 107, no. 3 (September 2005): 533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2005.107.3.533.

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35

Hepworth, Jack. "The Troubles in Northern Ireland and theories of social movements." Irish Political Studies 33, no. 1 (September 19, 2017): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2017.1377855.

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36

Campbell, Jim, and Patrick Mccrystal. "Mental Health Social Work and the Troubles in Northern Ireland." Journal of Social Work 5, no. 2 (August 2005): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017305054971.

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37

Manktelow, Roger. "The Needs of Victims of the Troubles in Northern Ireland." Journal of Social Work 7, no. 1 (April 2007): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017307075988.

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38

Crait, Mairead Nic. "The Troubles in Ballybogin: Memory and Identity in Northern Ireland." Folk Life 46, no. 1 (January 2007): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/flk.2007.46.1.163.

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39

De Fazio, Gianluca. "Unpacking Violent Contention: The Troubles in Northern Ireland, 1968–1972." Terrorism and Political Violence 32, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 1691–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2018.1500366.

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40

Condit, Celeste Michelle, and Simon Cottle. "Reporting the troubles in northern Ireland: Paradigms and media propaganda." Critical Studies in Mass Communication 14, no. 3 (September 1997): 282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15295039709367016.

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41

Elliott, Laurence. "Religion and Sectarianism in Ulster: Interpreting the Northern Ireland Troubles." Religion Compass 7, no. 3 (March 2013): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec3.12025.

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42

Connolly, Paul. "Researching Young Children's Perspectives on 'the Troubles' in Northern Ireland." Child Care in Practice 8, no. 1 (January 2002): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575270220140470.

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43

Crait, Mairead Nic. "The Troubles in Ballybogin: Memory and Identity in Northern Ireland." Folk Life - Journal of Ethnological Studies 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/043087707798236298.

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44

Toner, Ignatius J. "Children of "the Troubles" in Northern Ireland: Perspectives and Intervention." International Journal of Behavioral Development 17, no. 4 (December 1994): 629–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700404.

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The chronology of investigations focusing on the effects of "the Troubles" on the children of Northern Ireland is presented. Studies by Belfast psychiatrists, visitors from the United States, and Scottish and English psychologists dominated the first decade of the 25-year-old conflict and were marked by a distinctly pessimistic appraisal of the impact of the troubled situation on the children. Developmental psychologists from within Northern Ireland have been very active studying the children of their own country for the second decade of the crisis. The view from the "inside" is more complicated and, in some ways, more optimistic than the view from the "outside". In addition, results are reported from preliminary investigations involving children participating in a widely practised intervention scheme developed to ameliorate the detrimental effects of the troubled situation. The intervention programme may foster improvement in an individual child's self-perception but not necessarily in that child's perception of other and multiple stressors interact to determine the influence of such intervention schemes.

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45

Doherty, Martin. "The Catholic Church and the Northern Ireland troubles, 1968–1998." Social History 45, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2020.1774196.

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46

Dorsett, Richard. "The effect of the Troubles on GDP in Northern Ireland." European Journal of Political Economy 29 (March 2013): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2012.10.003.

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47

McMahon, Timothy G. "The Catholic Church and the Northern Ireland troubles, 1968–1998." Irish Studies Review 29, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670882.2021.1875618.

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48

Crowley, Peter. "The Integral Nature of Ethnicity and Religion during Northern Ireland’s Troubles." Ethnic Studies Review 41, no. 1-2 (2018): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2018.411204.

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Northern Ireland’s Troubles conflict, like many complex conflicts through the world, has often been conceived as considerably motivated by religious differences. This paper demonstrates that religion was often integrated into an ethno-religious identity that fueled sectarian conflict between Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland during the Troubles period. Instead of being a religious-based conflict, the conflict derived from historical divides of power, land ownership, and civil and political rights in Ireland over several centuries. It relies on 12 interviews, six Protestants and six Catholics, to measure their use of religious references when referring to their religious other. The paper concludes that in the overwhelming majority of cases, both groups did not use religious references, supporting the hypothesis on the integrated nature of ethnicity and religion during the Troubles. It offers grounding for looking into the complex nature of sectarian and seemingly religious conflicts throughout the world, including cases in which religion acts as more of a veneer to deeply rooted identities and historical narratives.

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49

Togman, Jeffrey M. "The Northern Ireland Peace Process: Ending the Troubles?by Thomas Hennessey." Political Science Quarterly 117, no. 1 (March 2002): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/798119.

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50

Spencer, Graham. "Book Review: The BBC’s ‘Irish Troubles’: Television, Conflict and Northern Ireland." Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 12, no. 1 (March 2017): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1749602016683867d.

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