Academic literature on the topic 'Iranian languages'
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Journal articles on the topic "Iranian languages"
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САТЦАЕВ, Э. Б. "OSSETIAN-BALOCH ISOGLOSSES." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 41(80) (September 27, 2021): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2021.80.41.005.
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Иранские языки и диалекты распространены на огромной территории. Наиболее южным из иранских языков является белуджский. На крайнем северо-западе ираноязычного массива распространен осетинский, который доходит до 44° северной широты. Диалектная классификация современных иранских языков основана на их истории. Дифференциация между иранскими диалектами произошла в древнеиранскую языковую эпоху. Сейчас современные иранские языки делятся на две основные языковые группы: западноиранские и восточноиранские. Политический статус иранских языков разный. Большинство иранских языков бесписьменные и в официальной сфере не используются. Немалая часть иранских языков и диалектов находится на грани исчезновения. Близость иранских языков различна. Отдельные изоглоссы дифференциации объединяют или, напротив, отдаляют иранские языки друг от друга. Эти изоглоссы удивительным образом обнаруживают переплетение и частичное сходство или различие сравниваемых языков – осетинского и белуджского, – относящихся к разным подгруппам. Места расселения осетин и белуджей географически отдалены друг от друга. Осетинский язык относится к северо-восточной (сакской) подгруппе иранских языков. Он является потомком скифских диалектов. Осетинский считается развитым иранским языком с высоким политическим статусом. Белуджский входит в северо-западную подгруппу иранских языков. Основной регион его распространения – историческая провинция Белуджистан. Распространение белуджского языка на территории современного Белуджистана относится к сравнительно позднему времени и объясняется миграцией белуджей на юго-восток ираноязычного массива. По мнению большинства ученых, белуджи являются выходцами из северо-восточных районов Ирана, где они тесно общались со скифо-сарматами. Белуджский язык выделяется наличием архаичных элементов. Он сохранил восьмифонемную систему вокализма с противопоставлением гласных по длительности, что аналогично дигорскому диалекту осетинского языка. Белуджский и осетинский языки сохранили древний лексический и грамматический фонд. В обоих языках имеются лексемы, которые являются общими. При этом эти лексемы отсутствуют в других западноиранских и даже восточноиранских языках. Аналогии наблюдаются в системе склонения этих языков. По мнению большинства ученых-осетиноведов, осетинское склонение не является продолжением древнеиранского склонения и выработано из собственных осетинских элементов, которые похожи на соседние иранские языки. По нашему мнению, схожий процесс наблюдается и в белуджском языке, где существует вопрос количества падежей. У разных ученых число выделяемых падежей в белуджском языке колеблется от трех до восьми, причем в основе их выделения лежат разные принципы. Много сходств наблюдается и в системе местоимений и имен прилагательных в сравниваемых языках. Немало сходств мы можем наблюдать и в глагольной системе обоих языков. Это двухосновность, система времен, инфинитив и т.д. Предки белуджей сформировались в районе современных юго-восточной части побережья Каспийского моря и Хорасана путем смешения западных и восточных иранцев. Восточными иранцами здесь являлось племя апарни/парни, которые считаются частью саков. Саки волнами вторгались в существовавшее здесь Парфянское государство с момента его возникновения. Оседая среди оседлого населения, саки со временем ассимилировались. В историческом плане белуджи являются потомками парфян. Парфяне неоднократно сталкивались с аланами, было несколько войн между ними, где парфяне терпели поражение. Белуджский язык восходит к одному из диалектов парфянского пехлеви. В ареале северо-западных иранских языков встречаются ситуации, когда мы не можем с определенностью решить вопрос о статусе данной локально-языковой разновидности. Iranian languages and dialects are spread over a vast territory. The southernmost of the Iranian languages is Baloch. In the extreme northwest of the Iranian-speaking massif, the Ossetian is widespread, which reaches 44 degrees north latitude. The dialectal classification of modern Iranian languages is based on their history. Differentiation between Iranian dialects occurred in the ancient Iranian language era. Today modern Iranian languages are divided into two main linguistic groups: Western Iranian and Eastern Iranian. The political status of Iranian languages is different. Most Iranian languages are unwritten and are not used in the official sphere. A large part of Iranian languages and dialects are on the verge of extinction. The closeness of the Iranian languages is different. Separate isoglosses of differentiation unite or, on the contrary, alienate the Iranian languages from each other. These isoglosses surprisingly reveal the intertwining and partial similarity or difference of the compared languages – Ossetian and Baluch – belonging to different subgroups. The Ossetian language belongs to the northeastern (Saka) subgroup of the Iranian languages. He is a descendant of Scythian dialects. Ossetian is considered a developed Iranian language with a high political status. Baloch is part of the northwestern subgroup of Iranian languages. The main region of its distribution is the historical province of Baluchistan. The settlements of the Ossetians and Baluchis are geographically very distant from each other. The spread of the Baloch language on the territory of modern Baluchistan dates back to a relatively late time and is explained by the migration of the Baluchis to the southeast of the Iranian-speaking massif. According to most scholars, the Baluchis come from the northeastern regions of Iran, where they closely communicated with the Scythian-Sarmatians. The Baloch language is distinguished by the presence of archaic elements. He retained the eight-phonemic system of vocalism with the opposition of vowels in duration, which is similar to the Digor dialect of the Ossetian language. The Baluch and Ossetian languages have preserved an ancient lexical and grammatical fund. Both languages have lexemes that are common. Moreover, these lexemes are absent in other Western Iranian and even Eastern Iranian languages. Analogies are observed in the declination system of these languages. According to the majority of Ossetian scholars, the Ossetian declension is not a continuation of the ancient Iranian declension and is developed from its own Ossetian elements, which are similar to the neighboring Iranian languages. In our opinion, a similar process is observed in the Baloch language, where there is a question of the number of cases. Different scholars have the number of allocated cases in the Baloch language ranging from three to eight, and their allocation is based on different principles. Many similarities are observed in the system of pronouns and adjectives in the compared languages. We can observe similarities in the verbal system of both languages. This is a dibosity, a system of tenses, an infinitive, etc. The ancestors of the Balochi formed in the area of the modern southeastern part of the Caspian Sea coast and Khorasan by mixing the western and eastern Iranians. The Eastern Iranians here were the Aparni / Parni tribe, who are considered part of the Sakas. Saki waves invaded the Parthian state that existed here from the moment of its inception. Settling among the sedentary population, the Saks assimilated over time. Historically, the Balochis are descendants of the Parthians. The Parthians repeatedly clashed with the Alans, there were several wars between them, where the Parthians were defeated. The Baloch language goes back to one of the Parthian Pahlavi dialects. In the area of the northwestern Iranian languages, there are situations when we cannot definitely decide on the status of a given local-linguistic variety.
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Karamian, Gholamreza, and Katarzyna Maksymiuk. "Comparison and some similarities between Polish language and Iranian languages (case study of Old Persian, Pahlav, Middle Persian and Lori language)." Historia i Świat, no. 8 (August 29, 2019): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2019.08.16.
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In general the Slavic languages has a lot in common with old Iranian languages. As Polish language and some Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The similarity between two languages seems to be possible. This brief note could give new insight in Indo European cultural relations.
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Taleghani, Azita H. "The Iranian Languages." Iranian Studies 45, no. 4 (2012): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2012.673835.
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Shojaei, Mahrokh. "Endangered Iranian Languages." Iranian Studies 53, no. 3-4 (2020): 668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2020.1734905.
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Jahani, Carina. "The Balochi Language and Languages in Iranian Balochistan." Journal of the Middle East and Africa 4, no. 2 (2013): 153–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2013.831333.
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Mohammadirad, Masoud, and Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand. "Functions of the dative: An Iranian perspective." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 71, no. 4 (2018): 539–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2018-0021.
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Abstract In this paper, we give an account of dative functions in a number of Iranian languages from a typological perspective. To analyze the functionality of dative markers in the selected languages, we follow a semantic map approach and take Haspelmath’s map of dative functions as a typological grid to examine our data. We collected our data from descriptive grammars and, for Ossetic and Wakhi, from interviews. The data show that five additional connections should be added to the semantic map of dative functions; these connections are confirmed by data from at least three languages within the Iranian language family. The main semantic property for the dative in Iranian languages is indirect affectedness. Moreover, in some languages spatial functions of the dative are also attested. The distribution of dative functions is mainly explained by the preservation of the oblique case and the areal distribution. In addition, in some languages, a grammaticalization cycle is observed, as a result of which purportedly beneficiary markers are transforming into dative markers.
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Cathcart, Chundra Aroor. "Degrees of Irregular Change." Language Dynamics and Change 5, no. 2 (2015): 282–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00501006.
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This paper employs a quantitative model of irregular sound change to investigate whether West Iranian languages have developed formally similar functional items via parallelism or via contact. I analyze etymologically related functional items in two Middle and eight New West Iranian languages, comparing observed forms to expected outcomes of these forms on the basis of purely regular sound change. A quantitative model is used to measure the distance between the observed and expected forms across West Iranian, particularly with respect to New Persian. I find that, while most New West Iranian languages undergo roughly the same amount of irregular reduction, Balochi, a language with conservative historical phonology, shows significantly more irregular phonological reduction than New Persian in its functional vocabulary. Given this result, it is plausible that the similarity in functional items seen across West Iranian is due to New Persian influence, though this contact may not be quantitatively detectable in all cases.
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Gholami, Saloumeh. "Endangered Iranian Languages: Language Contact and Language Islands in Iran." Iranian Studies 53, no. 3-4 (2020): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2020.1721997.
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Korn, Agnes. "Isoglosses and subdivisions of Iranian." Journal of Historical Linguistics 9, no. 2 (2019): 239–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.17010.kor.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to look at some of the problems with the traditional subdivisions of Iranian and at possible new approaches. It builds on an argument made in Korn (2016a), adding discussion and further illustrating problems in the data and methods involved in the traditional model of relations among the Iranian languages. It specifically points out that the traditional family tree is based on a set of isoglosses that is an artefact of the data that happened to be available at the time. In addition, the question arises whether the wave model or the concept of linguistic areas would be more adequate to account for the data. The discovery of a corpus of Bactrian manuscripts encourages a new approach. I argue that a sub-branch including Bactrian, Parthian and some other languages is a hypothesis that deserves to be tested; at the same time, the comparison with other Iranian languages as well as typological considerations permit to assess the role of language contact.
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Namazi, Mahchid. "Cultural and Linguistic Considerations: The Case of Persian." Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations 21, no. 3 (2014): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cds21.3.88.
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The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to the Persian language of Iran while embedding it in the larger context of Persian culture and Iranian-Americans. It will provide the practicing speech-language pathologist's (SLPs) basic information about the linguistic structure of Persian, as spoken by Iranian-Americans to facilitate the provision of a culturally and linguistically appropriate evaluation of Persian heritage language speakers living in the United States. According to the language use data collected by the United States Census Bureau of the 67 Indo-European languages spoken in U.S. homes, Persian ranked 9th above Greek, Urdu, and Gujarathi (U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.). This is a surprising fact given the dearth of published research on Heritage speakers of Persian learning English and living in the United States. This phenomenon may partly be a consequence of the fact that the majority of Iranians value education and literacy and report high proficiency in English. Nevertheless, the potential risk that Iranian-Americans may be over- or under- identified may be greater than for other minority groups in the US due to the lack of information readily available to clinicians.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iranian languages"
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Shirtz, Shahar. "Patterns of Morphosyntactic and Functional Diversification in the Usage of Cognate Verbs in Indo-Iranian." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22720.
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This is a study of processes of structural and functional diversification of the uses of three cognate verbs across the Indo-Iranian language family: “do/make”, “be/become”, and “give”. First, this study identifies over sixty distinct construction types in which these verbs are used, including complex predicate constructions, nominal predication constructions, serial verb constructions, and several distinct auxiliary constructions. Since the sets of verbs studied here are cognates, and share a common source, crosslinguistic differences in their uses are the result of grammatical change, and especially shared and parallel innovations of similar uses.
Then, this study presents a taxonomy of different complex predication types with “do/make”, and shows that there are general patterns in the deployment of different types of complex predication to express different types of situations. These patterns exhibit “transitivity prominence” previously identified by typologists with “heavy” or “lexical” verbs. This study then shows that these patterns are the result of several distinct pathways of grammatical change, often motivated by analogy to existing constructions, giving raise to different types of N-V complex predication constructions.
Then, this study shows that despite the fact that Indo-Iranian speakers can potentially deploy distinct constructions to encode each of the six nominal predication functions, sets of such functions are often co-expressed by the same structural coding means, especially clauses with cognate “be/become” verbs. This study uses a novel method, based on bipartite network graphs, to compare of the degree to which nominal predication functions are co-expressed in different languages.
Finally, this study shows that the three sets of cognate verbs are more likely to be used similarity within branches and subbranches of Indo-Iranian than across branches. The scope of this branches, however, is different for different verbs: “do/make” and “give” behave more similarly in languages which belong to the same major branch, Iranian or Indo-Aryan, but “be/become” clusters are at different levels of subbranching. This is the result of the different types of innovations attested with these verbs: reanalysis and actualization motivated by analogy with “do/make” and “give”, and metaphorical and metonymy extensions with “be/become”.
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Sepehr, Parisa. "Semiotics and Marketing : A Case Study of the Renault Co. on Iranian Market." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69205.
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Jean Baudrillard (1968) suggests that “An object (Fr. objet) must become a ‘sign’ in order to be consumed” (Umiker-Sebeok 46). Following Baudrillard, the aim of this study is to investigate how considering a product as sign is associated with product consumption and consequently how marketers apply semiotics to analyse a product and a market in order to know customer’s needs and to understand the market potential. Manufacturers exploit customers’ needs and the market potential to launch a new product or modify their current products. From this, the customers’ buying intentions can be raised and a product will be consumed. In this case, the importance role of the semiotics as a tool in marketing comes into consideration. Moreover, the fundamental role of interpretation as culture specific in order to make signs meaningful is an important aspect of the semiotic analysis of product and market.
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Kargar, Dariush. "Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma : Iranian Conceptions of the Other World." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Iranska språk, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111264.
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The present thesis consists of an edition of an Iranian literary work whose theme is a journey to the Other World, namely the Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma. The version of this work which is here edited and commented on is a prose version in the Zoroastrian Persian language. A discussion about Iranian conceptions of the Other World is also an integrated part of the thesis. The text of the Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma is edited employing a text critical method by using six manuscripts. The oldest manuscript, which has been used as the base manuscript for editing the text, was written in 896 A.Y. (Yazdgirdī)/1527 A.D. The edited text is also translated into English, and followed by a Commentary on names, unusual words and Zoroastrian terms used in the text. Other Iranian documents about journeys to the Other World are studied in this thesis as well, and all are compared to the Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma. The Zoroastrian Persian version of this work is also compared to its Parsig version. The differences between the Zoroastrian Persian and the Parsig versions indicate that they have their background in two different world views. To prove this theory, some significant elements in the Zoroastrian Persian version, which demonstrate that this is a pre-Zoroastrian epic narrative, have been compared to some elements in the Parsig version that show that this is a religious Zoroastrian account. Possible reasons for the change in Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma from a pre-Zoroastrian epic narrative into a Zoroastrian-religious one are also suggested. A king named Davānūs is one of the Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma personages. In an appendix, the historical personality of Davānūs is discussed with reference to Arabic, Persian and Greek historiography.
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Barjasteh, Delforooz Behrooz. "Discourse Features in Balochi of Sistan : (Oral Narratives)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-129832.
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This work presents a first study of discourse features in Balochi narratives of Sistan. Discourse analysis investigates what are the properties that make for well-formed texts in a language. There are many approaches to discourse analysis and most approaches focus on a particular aspect of text formation. The approach to text linguistics or discourse analysis taken in this work is based on Dooley and Levinsohn’s Analyzing Discourse: A manual of basic concepts (2001). Their methodology has been refined over years of practical use and, among diverse methodologies, they follow a functional and cognitive approach. In this dissertation, Roberts’ (2009) application of Dooley and Levinsohn’s methodology to Persian is followed in the study of our Sistani Balochi text corpus. In chapters 2-7 this approach is applied to Balochi narrative text. Chapter two introduces the reader to the discourse-pragmatic structuring of sentences in BS and chapter three shows how different syntactic devices can distinguish foreground and background information in BS oral texts. In chapter four we study the deixis of time and place and how the concept of proximal and distal deixis applies across a range of deictic elements. Chapter five examines some basic connectives and how they link propositions in the discourse context, and in chapter six reported speech is studied. Chapter seven illustrates how different participants are introduced into a discourse and how their activation status is signalled throughout the discourse. Appendix 1 contains details of the Balochi text-corpus used, and Appendix 2 contains interlinearized versions of ten of the main texts used in the study. A CD with nine audio files and one video file of the ten texts from Appendix 2, plus one extra video file, is also included.
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Longerich, Linda. "Acoustic conditioning for the RUKI rule." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0010/MQ36148.pdf.
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Jahed, Yasaman. "Simin Daneshvar's Savushun: Examining Gender Under Patriarchy." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/462.
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The author covers issues of gender and Iranian national identity as reflected in Iran’s first published woman novelist, Simin Daneshvar. Her novel, Savushun, is the first novel to be published by an Iranianwoman in 1969. The novel depicts Iran at the start of the country’s governmental factions in 1941 when Reza Shah Pahlavi overthrew years of Iranian dynasty and established a monarchy. This thesis explores how the novel is a vital part of Iran’s historical literature as well as essential to the present day discussion of gender and politics, especially for women within the patriarchal paradigm.
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Salehi, Ali. "CONSTRAINTS ON IZĀFA IN SORANI KURDISH." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/31.
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This study examines the distribution and the status of the izāfa particle in Sorani Kurdish (Central Kurdish). It uses a corpus-based analysis to investigate the forms and the pattern of distribution of the izāfa particle in Sorani, a dominant dialect of Kurdish among the Western Iranian languages. The study details an investigation of the appearance of izāfa in various NPs using a variety of data mostly from the corpus but supplemented by the grammaticality judgments of native speakers. I show that next to parallel properties seen in other Western Iranian languages, Sorani Kurdish izāfa shows a form alternation. I examine the morphological status of the izāfa and other nominal morphological features in Kurdish as well as the sensitivity of izāfa form variation to specificity in Kurdish NPs. I argue that the differences and distributional incoherence of the izāfa within Sorani and across Western Iranian languages calls for a morphomic approach, which can be formally described using a constructional approach to grammar. The study focuses on the following questions: What type of head does the izāfa mark? What is the function of this marker? What are the constraints on its distribution? What are the syntactic and morphological rules governing its distribution?
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Rönnqvist, Hanna. "Fusion, exponence, and flexivity in Hindukush languages : An areal-typological study." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120357.
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Surrounding the Hindukush mountain chain is a stretch of land where as many as 50 distinct languages varieties of several language meet, in the present study referred to as “The Greater Hindukush” (GHK). In this area a large number of languages of at least six genera are spoken in a multi-linguistic setting. As the region is in part characterised by both contact between languages as well as isolation, it constitutes an interesting field of study of similarities and diversity, contact phenomena and possible genealogical connections. The present study takes in the region as a whole and attempts to characterise the morphology of the many languages spoken in it, by studying three parameters: phonological fusion, exponence, and flexivity in view of grammatical markers for Tense-Mood-Aspect, person marking, case marking, and plural marking on verbs and nouns. The study was performed with the perspective of areal typology, employed grammatical descriptions, and was in part inspired by three studies presented in the World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS). It was found that the region is one of high linguistic diversity, even if there are common traits, especially between languages of closer contact, such as the Iranian and the Indo-Aryan languages along the Pakistani-Afghan border where purely concatenative formatives are more common. Polyexponential formatives seem more common in the western parts of the GHK as compared to the eastern. High flexivity is a trait common to the more central languages in the area. As the results show larger variation than the WALS studies, the question was raised of whether large-scale typological studies can be performed on a sample as limited as single grammatical markers. The importance of the region as a melting-pot between several linguistic families was also put forward.<br>Språkkontakt och språksläktskap i Hindukushregionen, Vetenskapsrådet, Projektnummer: 421-2014-631
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Suleymanov, Murad. "A Grammar of the Tat Dialect of Şirvan." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP058.
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Cette « Grammaire du dialecte tat du Şirvan » est une description linguistique d’un dialecte du tat, langue iranienne à tradition orale, parlée dans le Nord de l’Azerbaïdjan, au Daghestan et en Géorgie. La thèse s’appuie sur un corpus de discours spontané, ainsi que des contes, des légendes, des anecdotes et autres textes de nature folklorique, collectés de première main au cours d’enquêtes de terrain. Elle présente une analyse détaillée, appuyée sur la typologie des langues, des différents domaines de la grammaire, ainsi qu’une comparaison des traits les plus caractéristiques avec ceux des dialectes et langues apparentées comme le persan, ou parlées dans la même région comme l’azéri. Outre la mise en valeur de phénomènes originaux pour les langues iraniennes, la thèse apporte une contribution aux études caucasiennes en tant que description d’une variété linguistique située au cœur d’une zone d’intenses contacts entre plusieurs familles de langues<br>“A Grammar of the Tat Dialect of Şirvan” is a grammatical description of a dialect of Tat, a non-written Iranian language spoken in the north of Azerbaijan, in Dagestan and in Georgia. The project draws on a corpus of Tat spontaneous speech, as well as tales, legends, anecdotes and other folkloric texts collected during interviews with native speakers. It contains a detailed typology-based analysis of different aspects of the grammar, as well as comparisons of the most characteristic features with those of closely related dialects and languages, such as Persian, or languages spoken in the same region, such as Azeri. In addition to highlighting phenomena that are novel for Iranian languages, the work contributes to Caucasian studies as a description of a linguistic variety spoken in the heart of an area of intense contact of several language families
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Hashabeiky, Forogh. "Persian Orthography : Modification or Changeover? (1850-2000)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, : Uppsala University Library [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5784.
Full textBooks on the topic "Iranian languages"
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1899-1996, Bailey H. W., Sims-Williams Nicholas, and British Academy, eds. Indo-Iranian languages and peoples. Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 2002.
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Anthropologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Evolutionäre. Aspects of Iranian linguistics. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008.
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1936-, Johanson Lars, and Utas Bo 1938-, eds. Evidentials: Turkic, Iranian and neighbouring languages. Mouton de Gruyter, 2000.
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Ghanoonparvar, M. R. (Mohammad R.), translator, ed. Book of jinn: A novel. Mazda Publishers, Inc., 2019.
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Sāzmān-i Muṭālaʻah va Tadvīn-i Kutub-i ʻUlūm-i Insānī-i Dānishgāhʹhā (Iran), ред. Radahʹshināsī-i zabānʹhā-yi Īrānī: Typology of Iranian languages. Sāzmān-i Muṭālaʻah va Tadvīn-i Kutub-i ʻUlūm-i Insānī-i Dānishgāhʹhā (SAMT), 2013.
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Bihzādī, Māndānā Ṣadīq. Radah-i PIR-i zabānhā va adabiyāt-i Īrānī: Bar asās-i niẓām-i radahʹbandī-i Kitābkhānah-i Kungrih. 3-тє вид. Kitābkhānah-i Millī-i Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān, 2006.
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Tavernier, J. Iranica in the Achaemenid period (ca. 550-330 B.C.): Lexicon of old Iranian proper names and loanwords, attested in non-Iranian texts. Peeters, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Iranian languages"
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Payne, J. R., and Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari. "Iranian Languages." In The World's Major Languages. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315644936-25.
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Zograph, G. A. "The Iranian Languages." In Languages of South Asia. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003363705-13.
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Beeman, William O. "Sociolinguistic Research into Iranian Languages." In The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198345-24.
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Karimi, Simin, Narges Nematollahi, Roya Kabiri, and Jian Gang Ngui. "Introduction." In Advances in Iranian Linguistics II. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.361.int.
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The Iranian language family is the western branch of the Indo-Iranian language group which itself belongs to the Indo-European language family. As Windfuhr (2009) states, “with an estimated 150–200 million native speakers, the Iranian language family is one of the world’s major language families.” The exact number of languages in this family is unknown. However, it has been estimated to be around 86 (Eberhard et al. 2019). Although there is no definite agreement about the classification of these languages, they can be roughly divided into four major groups: Northwestern, Southwestern, Northeastern and Southeastern. These languages have several properties in common, but there are also major differences among them in terms of their sound systems, syntactic and morpho-syntactic structures. These variations provide a novel and ideal laboratory for various types of linguistic research.
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Gündoğdu, Songül, and Betul Erbasi. "Chapter 6. Ezafe as a linking feature within DP." In Advances in Iranian Linguistics II. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.361.06gun.
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Studies on Ezafe demonstrate that it displays considerable cross-linguistic variation, making it difficult to propose a unified analysis. Our goal is to achieve such unification by investigating the properties of Ezafe in two typologically different languages; Northern Kurdish/Kurmanji Kurdish (Iranian) and Turkish (Turkic). Taking Ezafe as a linking feature that marks dependency between the head and the non-head elements within the nominal domain, we propose that the variation can be explained with the head directionality of the language and the phase domain where the head noun lands in/remains. This allows us to account for data that were problematic for previous accounts and to extend the range of data to languages (specifically, Turkish) that have not been analyzed as Ezafe languages before.
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Anonby, Erik, Amos Hayes, and Robert Oikle. "Chapter 3. A multi-dimensional approach to classification of Iran’s languages." In Advances in Iranian Linguistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.351.03ano.
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Karim, Shuan Osman. "Chapter 5. Ezafe and the article." In Advances in Iranian Linguistics II. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.361.05kar.
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There are a variety of different nominal systems within the Western Iranian languages. Nominals in some of these languages are maximally sensitive to case, number, gender, animacy, ezafe (modification), and definiteness. However, most of these languages only inflect for a subset of these categories. An additional peculiarity of these systems is that some of these languages feature wildly differing systems when inflectional features interact. For instance, Zazaki features a caseless system on indefinite nouns, a bicasual (two case) system on definite nouns, and as many as four cases (following Paul, 1998a) on modified nouns. This paper explores, synchronically and diachronically, the nominal systems observed in Western Iranian languages focusing on the interaction between (in)definiteness and modification by attributive adjectives. This constitutes a near-comprehensive juxtaposition of data that can serve as an essential reference for anyone who seeks to study and understand Ezafe and the article in New Western Iranian.
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Haig, Geoffrey. "3.3. The Iranian languages of northern Iraq." In The Languages and Linguistics of Western Asia, edited by Geoffrey Haig and Geoffrey Khan. De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110421682-009.
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Stilo, Donald. "11. Coordination in three Western Iranian languages." In Coordinating Constructions. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.58.16sti.
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Samiian, Vida, and Richard K. Larson. "Chapter 4. Middle Persian Ezafe." In Advances in Iranian Linguistics II. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.361.04sam.
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This chapter describes one phase of the historical development of the “Ezafe” morpheme, a significant feature of Western Iranian languages. Ezafe is argued to have arisen in Middle Persian (MP) by a reanalysis of the Old Persian relative pronoun ‘haya’ due to a preponderance of copula-less clauses. It is shown that the distribution of Ezafe in MP resembles that in its modern descendants, but differing in three key respects: (i) MP Ezafe is an independent morpheme, and not a clitic; (ii) it appears to form a constituent with its following phrase; and (iii) it patterns like a preposition in various respects. This distribution, coupled with its emergence in the period when the Old Persian case system was disappearing and core functional prepositions were coming into the language, strongly suggests that Ezafe had the status of a genitive preposition in MP comparable to English ‘of’. We conclude with some interesting questions for further research raised by these results.
Conference papers on the topic "Iranian languages"
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Khorramrouz, Adel, Mahbeigom Fayyazi, and Ashiqur R. KhudaBukhsh. "A Survival Guide for Iranian Women Prescribed by Iranian Women: Participatory AI to Investigate Intimate Partner Physical Violence in Iran." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/808.
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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a global problem affecting more than 2 billion women worldwide. Our paper makes two key contributions. First, via a substantial corpus of 53,220 comments to 1,563 Intimate Partner Physical Violence (IPPV) posts gleaned from more than 10 million comments posted on 523,232 posts on a popular parental health website in Iran, we present the first-ever computational analysis of user comments on accounts of IPPV in Iran. We harness large language models and participatory AI and tackle extreme class imbalance and other linguistic challenges that arise from tackling low-resource languages to shed light on the gender struggles of a country with documented stark gender inequality. With active input from a woman with a history of advocacy for social rights and grounded in Iranian culture, we characterize comments on IPPV into three broad categories: empathy, confront, and conform, and analyze their distribution. Second, we release an important dataset of 3,400 comments on IPPV posts.
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Kamarova, Nagbdu S., and Baktigul A. Karimsakova. "Linguistic characteristics of the M. Kashgari dictionary «Divanu lugat at-turk»." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-21.
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The work is devoted to identifying the contribution made by scientists to the development of linguistics. The purpose of the article: to consider the data on the classification of the Turkic languages, to study the borrowings given in the dictionary, to consider the data on the distribution area of the Turkic languages. The results obtained: the classification of the Turkic languages according to the degree of their confusion is expounded, the groups of Iranian borrowings are established, in the work of M. Kashgari, the first map of the Turkic-speaking world is considered according to the dictionary. Conclusions are made about the importance of the dictionary "Divanu lugat atTurk" for Turkic studies as a branch of linguistics.
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Boroujerdi, Sarah. "Mapping Out Race: How Afro-Iranian Migrations Redefine the ‘Aryan Myth’." In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.5-4.
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If maps refer to geographies, the transing of cultural histories, and an arrival of migrant bodies, what might it mean to map out race in Iran? This work examines the ethnocentric biases that stem from the ‘Aryan Myth’—a terminology influenced by The First Persian Empire (550-330 B.C.) and further associations with the ancient Indo-Europeans by 19th century Western scholars. The kindred ties between Iranian identity and homeland through the Aryan label formulated a romanticized narration of race in Iran. The bridge between linguistics, as emphasized by theocratic terminology and ancient language associations, and geography uniformly synthesized racial affiliations between Iranians and the Aryan racial categorization. Aryan ancestry and its association with land as homeland, while formulating a singular Iranian identity, subsequently separated Iranians from Afro-Iranian populations residing north of the Persian Gulf in the next few millennia to come. Limited scholarship has been shown of the Afro-Iranian community’s presence in southern Iran, particularly during and after the period of the slave trade from East Africa in the 1800s into southern Iran. However, archives on the aftermath of slavery from within Iran and England are critical to scholarship on Afro-Iranian migrations (Mirzai 2002, p. 231), where a reclaiming of multi-ethnic identity and a renovated epistemological lens comes centerfold. This work begins with an analysis of the Indo-European migrations of 4,000 and 3,500 B.C. by examining the Iranian family origins through Nichols (1997) "The epicenter of the Indo-European linguistic spread." This will be accompanied by the Ara’s (2005) Eschatology in the Indo-Iranian traditions: The genesis and transformation of a doctrine to define the history of the term “Aryan†and its rooted ties with Indo-European migrations and geography as homeland during Achaemenid rulership. The concluding section will review Mirzai’s (2002) “African presence in Iran: identity and its reconstruction,†with an analysis of the African diaspora during the mid eighteen and early nineteen hundreds, and subsequent growth of Afro-Iranian heritage within southern Iran. Through the establishment of Afro-Iranian societies within southern Iran during the 19th and 20th centuries, socioeconomics resulting from the slave trade, and race relations during the African population settlement of the eighteen hundreds, the blossoming of an Afro-Iranian ethnic heritage led to subsequent ostracism from the larger Iranian host society.
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Shariati, Saeed, Jocelyn Armarego, and Fay Sudweeks. "The Impact of e-Skills on the Settlement of Iranian Refugees in Australia." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3684.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Skills and Lifelong Learning (IJELL)] Aim/Purpose: The research investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on Iranian refugees’ settlement in Australia. Background: The study identifies the issues of settlement, such as language, cultural and social differences. Methodology: The Multi-Sited Ethnography (MSE), which is a qualitative methodology, has been used with a thematic analysis drawing on a series of semi-structured interviews with two groups of participants (51 Iranian refugees and 55 people with a role in assisting refugees). Contribution: The research findings may enable the creation of a model for use by the Australian Government with Iranian refugees. Findings: The findings show the vital role ICT play in refugees’ ongoing day-to-day life towards settlement. Recommendations for Practitioners: The results from this paper could be generalised to other groups of refugees in Australia and also could be used for Iranian refugees in other countries. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers may use a similar study for refugees of different backgrounds in Australia and around the world. Impact on Society: ICT may assist refugees to become less isolated, less marginalized and part of mainstream society. Future Research: Future research could look into the digital divide between refugees in Australia and main stream Australians.
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Chirimbu, Sebastian, and Dara Tafazoli. "BLENDED LEARNING: BRIDGING THE MOTIVATIONAL GAP IN ESP COURSES." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-063.
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There are numerous and obvious reasons why reformed curricula tend to use alternative assessment methods on an ever wider scale in the teaching of foreign languages. First of all, they offer a comprehensive image of the student's overall competence in a foreign language. Secondly - but equally important - they test much more than the students' ability to sit an examination. Also, they change and enrich the student's attitude towards learning and communication patterns and they increase the students' linguistic self-confidence. (Nunan, 1989). Alternative assessment methods have the great advantage of being context-specific, as they use and adapt those assessment tools that should best reflect the purposes of learning (Taylor, 2003). Other two characteristics that make alternative assessment superior to the traditional one are the facts that it is process-oriented and authentic, based on real life activities (Willis, 1996). Alternative evaluation is very much related to the content of teaching-learning process. Researchers have also noticed further advantages of alternative assessment: it is systematic, dynamic and flexible, managing to build up competences that last in time, as it does not concentrate only on grading and ranking immediate and punctual performance. In these days, many teachers have the tendency to use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a teaching,evaluation (assessment) and learning device. The application of ICT in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) became one of the popular research trends in realm of English teaching field of studies. There are so many definitions for Blended Learning (BL) in literature, but the most commonly definitions are: 1. combining instructional modalities, 2. combining instructional methods, and 3. combining online and face-to-face instruction. One of the most dominant problems in ESP courses is dealing with motivation of learners. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between blended learning and attitudes of ESP students. To meet the end, this study was conducted with the undergraduate ESP students at the University of Applied Science & Technology, Mashhad, Iran. The participants of this study were 109 female and male students, ranging from 18-43, majoring in Tourism and Hotel Management. In order to find the ESP students' attitudes towards using blended learning, an attitude questionnaire developed by researchers was distributed among participants. Data analysis revealed that Iranian ESP students have positive attitudes towards blended learning. This study recommended that ESP teachers should integrate technology in their courses (teaching and assessment process) to motivate more students.
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Mazhari, Amirali, Parsa Esfandiari, and Alireza Taheri. "Teaching Iranian Sign Language via a Virtual Reality-Based Game." In 2022 10th RSI International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICRoM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrom57054.2022.10025347.
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Hosseini, Zahra. "ACADEMIC AND SOCIAL CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY IRANIAN STUDENTS IN FINLAND: A PHENOMENOGRAPHIC STUDY." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v2end064.
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"This study aims to examine the experience of international students studying in Finland based on a phenomenographical approach. Due to the nationality of the researcher Iranian students were selected as the research sample and 25 tertiary-level students from various Finnish universities were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The collected data were assessed and interpreted based on the theory of Anxiety-Uncertainty Management (AUM). The results showed that the Finnish academic system, such as teaching/ learning strategies, assessment methods, and university facilities, reduces participants’ anxiety/uncertainty. The participants noted fundamental differences between characteristics and teaching style of Finnish and Iranian teachers in universities. However, this unexpected situation not only did not make them anxious, but also made them feel more comfortable than when they were studying in Iranian universities. In contrast, Finnish culture, and communication issue associated with language barriers and lack of job opportunities increase participants' anxiety/uncertainty. Many participants did not consider themselves members of Finnish society, and some felt they were strangers. The findings highlighted the important role of communication as an AUM thematic principle and propose a set of axioms to AUM theory that focuses more on the different dimensions of communication in an intercultural context. Given the importance of context in the study of communication issues, further studies are recommended to understand the intercultural issues of students of other nationalities in different contexts."
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Nouri, Marzia, Mahsa Amani, Reihaneh Zohrabi, and Ehsaneddin Asgari. "The Language Model, Resources, and Computational Pipelines for the Under-Resourced Iranian Azerbaijani." In Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing and the 3rd Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.ijcnlp-short.19.
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Khorramrouz, Adel, Sujan Dutta, and Ashiqur R. KhudaBukhsh. "For Women, Life, Freedom: A Participatory AI-Based Social Web Analysis of a Watershed Moment in Iran's Gender Struggles." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/667.
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In this paper, we present a computational analysis of the Persian language Twitter discourse with the aim to estimate the shift in stance toward gender equality following the death of Mahsa Amini in police custody. We present an ensemble active learning pipeline to train a stance classifier. Our novelty lies in the involvement of Iranian women in an active role as annotators in building this AI system. Our annotators not only provide labels, but they also suggest valuable keywords for more meaningful corpus creation as well as provide short example documents for a guided sampling step. Our analyses indicate that Mahsa Amini's death triggered polarized Persian language discourse where both fractions of negative and positive tweets toward gender equality increased. The increase in positive tweets was slightly greater than the increase in negative tweets. We also observe that with respect to account creation time, between the state-aligned Twitter accounts and pro-protest Twitter accounts, pro-protest accounts are more similar to baseline Persian Twitter activity.
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Yahyatabar, M. E., Y. Baleghi, and M. R. Karami. "Online signature verification: A Persian-language specific approach." In 2013 21st Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iraniancee.2013.6599561.
Full textReports on the topic "Iranian languages"
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Lylo, Taras. Російсько-українська війна в інтерпретаціях іранського видання «The Tehran Times»: основні ідеологеми та маніпулятивні прийоми. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11730.
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The article analyzes the main ideologemes in the Iranian English-language newspaper The Tehran Times about the Russian-Ukrainian war. Particular attention is paid to such ideologemes as “NATO-created Ukraine war”, “Western racism”, “an average European is a victim of the US policy”. The author claims that the newspaper is a repeater of anti-Ukrainian ideologemes by the Russian propaganda, including such as “coup d’état in Ukraine”, “denazification”, “special military operation”, “conflict in Ukraine”, “genocide in Donbas”, but retranslates them in a specific way: the journalists of The Tehran Times do not often use such ideologemes, but mainly ensure their functioning in the newspaper due to the biased selection of external authors (mainly from the USA), who are carriers of the cognitive curvature. The object of the research is also the manipulative techniques of the newspaper (the appeal to “common sense”, simplification of a complex problem, etc.). Methods of modeling the image of the enemy are also studied (first of all, such an enemy for the Tehran Times is the USA), among which categoricalness occupies a special place (all features of the opponent are interpreted not only at its own discretion, but indisputably; such and only such perception of the opponent is “the ultimate truth”), stereotypes (stereotypes replace the true knowledge), demonization (the opponent is portrayed as the embodiment of absolute, metaphysical evil) and asynchrony (an astronomer’s view, who sees a star as if it was the same all eternity to this point. The dynamics of history is ignored by propagandist). Keywords: ideologeme, manipulative techniques, Russia, racism, propaganda.