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1

Bonakdarian, Mansour. "Iranian Constitutional Exiles and British Foreign-Policy Dissenters, 1908–9." International Journal of Middle East Studies 27, no. 2 (1995): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800061870.

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In recent Middle Eastern history, the experience of political exile has become a prevalent theme, as large numbers of Palestinians, Kurds, Iranians, and Afghans, among others, have sought refuge in various countries. Although the earlier numbers would pale in comparison with the present size of the Middle Eastern diaspora scattered around the globe, it was in the 19th century that the first noticeable groups of exiles from the Middle East began taking sanctuary in European countries, among other locations. Perhaps the best known of these exile communities were the Young Ottomans in France in t
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2

Akhmedov, Vladimir M. "THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL TRADITIONS IN ARABO-IRANIAN RELATIONS." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 1 (19) (2022): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2022-1-42-49.

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In the last decades Iran became one of the powerful states in the Middle East. Today Iran plays a significant role in political, economic, social, religious and ideological issues of the region. Iran’s politics shape major developments in regional security and international relations in the Middle East, pursuing active policy towards Arab countries in the region. Iran plays an active role in military conflicts in several Arab countries (Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Yemen and Libya). However, Iran’s involvement in the inner-political life of Arab countries; their societies, security affairs, and polit
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3

Plieva, Zalina T., Berta V. Tuaeva, Zalina V. Kanukova, and Ali Kalirad. "Activities of Iran’s Consular Services in the Caucasus in 1905-1911: According to Iranian Sources." RUDN Journal of Russian History 21, no. 4 (2022): 568–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-4-568-580.

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The authors analyze the activities of Iran's consular services in the Caucasus, their role in Russian-Caucasian diplomatic relations, in particular, in the processes of Iranian labor migrants’ adaptation to host societies. The authors aim to expand historical knowledge of Iranians’ staying in the Caucasus, to restore a complete picture of the history of migration processes in the region. There are revealed the features of Iranian-Caucasian diplomatic relations in the pre-Soviet period, the situation of migrants and their legal support, the activities of the consulates in preserving the Iranian
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4

Ahlgren, Cecilia, Anders Odén, and Jan Lycke. "A nationwide survey of the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in immigrant populations of Sweden." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 18, no. 8 (2011): 1099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511433062.

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Background: In 2008, immigrants constituted 14% of the population of Sweden, a high-risk area for multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated the largest Swedish immigrant populations for the prevalence of MS. Method: Data on foreign-born MS patients were retrieved from Swedish national health and population registers. We calculated observed versus expected numbers of MS patients and gender- and age-specific prevalence ratios (PR) between immigrant populations and the general population of Sweden and, where possible, of the countries of birth. Results: The 19 largest immigrant populations include
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5

Margoev, Adlan. "False Choice Between Pro-Russian and Non-Nuclear Iran: Is There a Strategic Partnership." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2024): 89. https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080031357-9.

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This study is an attempt to prove that even if Iran pursued a pro-Russian foreign policy, it would be in Russia’s interests to maintain Iran non-nuclear. In the first article, the authors examine to what extent modern Iran can be considered pro-Russian and whether their relationship qualifies for a strategic partnership. Though the Iranian leadership has shown understanding of the Russian position in the Ukrainian conflict, Iranians are more likely to sympathize with Ukrainians, and the opposition leaders believe Iran paid the highest price for supporting Russia in this conflict. Iranian exper
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6

Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza. "Indo-Pacific Role in Iran’s East Look Strategy." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 59 (June 30, 2025): 170–92. https://doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2025.59.009.

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After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, many countries with a multidimensional and strategic view of regionalism and related issues paid special attention to securing, guaranteeing, and maximizing their national interests. Following the international developments that emerged in the atmosphere after the 1979 revolution, the political elites of the Islamic Republic of Iran —taking into account the historical experience and the cold relations with the West— tried to create deep political and economic constructive cooperation and interaction based on the East Look stra
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7

YEŞILBURSA BEHÇET, KEMAL. "FROM FRIENDSHIP TO ENMITY SOVIET-IRANIAN RELATIONS (1945-1965)." History and Modern Perspectives 2, no. 1 (2020): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2020-2-1-92-105.

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On 26 February 1921, the Soviet Union signed a «Treaty of Friendship» with Iran which was to pave the way for future relations between the two states. Although the Russians renounced various commercial and territorial concessions which the Tsarist government had exacted from Iran, they secured the insertion of two articles which prohibited the formation or residence in either country of individuals, groups, military forces which were hostile to the other party, and gave the Soviet Union the right to send forces into Iran in the event that a third party should attempt to carry out a policy of u
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8

Abrosimov, Aleksandr. "RELIGIOUS FACTOR IN IRANIAN FOREIGN POLICY IN ARAB COUNTRIES." Eastern Analytics 15, no. 4 (2024): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2024-04-055-066.

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9

Clawson, Patrick, and Cyrus Sassanpour. "Adjustment to a Foreign Exchange Shock: Iran, 1951–1953." International Journal of Middle East Studies 19, no. 1 (1987): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800031639.

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Few oil-producing economies, and for that matter few primary commodity-producing countries, have experienced as abrupt and severe a loss of foreign exchange earnings as that undergone by Iran in the period 1951–1953 following the nationalization of the oil industry and the subsequent international boycott of Iranian oil. While the literature on Iran during this period is extensive, it has focused largely on the political implications of nationalization and not so much on the economy's adjustment to the loss of foreign exchange. This article argues that the Iranian experience provides an instru
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10

Rahimian, M. M. "IRANIAN PAYMENT SYSTEM “SHETAB” AND PROSPECTS OF THE IRANIAN BANK CARD SYSTEM IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 4 (June 29, 2020): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-4-174-181.

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Since the imposition of sanctions on the Republic of Iran, no international payment system has been established in the country. As a result, Iran implemented a solution to the described problems without attracting external assistance, in particular, the Shetab payment system was created and its connection to ATM networks in Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE and Kuwait was implemented. Iran also introduced the Shetab Bank card system, which is extended to Armenia and Turkey. The impact of bilateral payment system on economic growth and increase in cash turnover between two countries, during the period of
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11

Hoseinzadeh, Javad, and Amin Rostamzadeh. "Discussion Intervention of Internal and International Merchant from Foreign Investment Law and New Draft Trade Law of Iran." Review of European Studies 8, no. 4 (2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n4p56.

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<p>The law makers are trying to compile special and independent commerce law pertinent to each other in the form of law for attracting foreign investment in their countries to grow foreign commerce and attract foreign investor and merchant.</p><p>Comparative discussion of law maker point of view in “foreign investment law approved 2002 of Iran” and “new draft trade law of Iran approved 2011” from legal definition of foreign investor and merchant especially in cases pertinent to intervention and referred to each other are of the most important issues of this article.</p>
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12

Sayadian, Sima, and Anita Lashkarian. "Investigating Attitude And Motivation Of Iranian University Learners Toward English As A Foreign Language." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 3, no. 1 (2010): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v3i1.170.

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This Paper discusses the attitudes and motivation Iranian learners have toward learning EFL at their university level. Although research of a similar nature has been done in other countries, the present study complements others by following 500 university learners and it provides another avenue for examining the language situation in Iran. To achieve this goal, Gardner’s socio-educational model and the significance of motivation as a contributing factor in second/foreign language (SL/FL) learning are taken into consideration. The questions to be addressed in this paper are: · What are the univ
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Al-Bolushi, Maryam. "The effect of Omani-Iranian relations on the security of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries after the Arab Spring." Contemporary Arab Affairs 9, no. 3 (2016): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2016.1199461.

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This research paper focuses on Gulf–Iran relations within the framework of the bilateral relationship between Oman and Iran. This relationship is unique as well as distinct from Oman’s relations with the other nations of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and has a direct influence on Gulf regional security. Oman’s relationship with Iran has grown stronger and firmer after the events of the Arab Spring. This comes at a time when the Gulf countries are suffering worsening internal security, political and economic conditions and disagree amongst themselves about how to deal with Iran. Hence, the
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14

Jathol, Iqra, Muhammad Qazafi, and Tahir Husain. "Iran’s Changing Foreign Policy Trends." Asian Social Science 13, no. 6 (2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n6p95.

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The changes in international politics caused change in foreign policies of the states. The governments of many countries began to develop foreign policies to alliances and relations. According to with the "Look to the Iranian government, the East" can serve Iran's national interests and can break dependence on the West and balanced foreign policy problems: political isolation logical isolation. These are caused by Iran's foreign policy; Iran has rejected the prevailing norms of the international system and the regional dynamics. The immediate consequences are: political showdown with the West
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15

Erfani, Shiva Seyed, and Hoda Mardan. "The Relationship between Big-Five Personality Traits, English Language Proficiency Scores on IELTS, and Academic Success of Iranian Foreign Students." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, no. 11 (2017): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0711.13.

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There is a potential to supply personality as a psychological factor in terms of the Big-Five Model including Extraversion, Agreeableness, Consciousness, Openness to Experience, and Neuroticism. This study was an attempt to examine the relationship between Big-Five personality traits, English language proficiency scores on IELTS, and academic success of Iranian foreign students. The participants of the study included 202 Iranian students (126 males and 76 females) who studied at English speaking universities in different countries including Armenia, Austria, Australia, Canada, Cyprus, Germany,
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16

Stachoń, Monika. "IRANIAN CYBER CAPABILITIES AS A TOOL OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICY." Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP 2, no. 88 (2024): 267–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4537.

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Iran is among the most advanced countries in terms of cyber capabilities. Activities in the digital sphere have both offensive and defensive dimensions and are directed both outward and inward. This article attempts to systematize information on Iran's cyber capabilities, both internal and external. The purpose of the article is to discuss the challenges to individual states and the international community as a whole posed by Iranian activities in the digital sphere. The question the author seeks to answer in the article is how Tehran uses the digital tools it possesses to implement its securi
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17

Potapov, Yu B. "On some aspects of economical diplomacy and foreign economical priorities of Iran's government." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 11 (November 15, 2023): 477–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2306-02.

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The article discusses some aspects of economic diplomacy and the main foreign economic priorities of the Government of Iran headed by President E. Raisi and its activities for their implementation. It is noted that economic diplomacy occupies an important place in the foreign policy of the current government of the country, because it can really contribute to expanding the export opportunities of the Iranian economy, fi nding new markets for Iranian goods, attracting foreign investment to the country, as well as neutralizing the negative eff ect of long-term anti-Iranian sanctions of the West.
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18

Dolgunsöz, Emrah, and Monireh Azimzadeh YİĞİT. "A Cross-National Investigation of Cultural Representations in Iranian and Turkish ELT Coursebooks." Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature and Culture 7, no. 2 (2022): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/acuity.v7i2.2780.

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Acquiring second/foreign language competence inherits target culture knowledge and awareness. In this regard, English Language Teaching (ELT) coursebooks play a significant role in culture acquisition especially in an English as a foreign language (EFL) context in which learners have little or no opportunity to practice English outside the classroom. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the cultural content of local EFL textbooks used in two Muslim countries; Iran and Turkey. Kachru’s concentric model was used to explore cultural contents of Iranian and Turkish 9
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19

Aghazada, Mirmehdi M. "Azerbaijani-Iranian Relations After the Second Karabakh War: Features and Trends." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 23, no. 4 (2023): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2023-23-4-719-733.

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The study presents an analysis of bilateral relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan (RA) and the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) after the Second Karabakh War (SKW), identifying the sources of tension and new trends in their relations. On the one hand, the participation of RA and IRI in large-scale Eurasian transport and logistics projects allows both countries to play a special role in regional politics, and on the other hand, the full-fledged security of the South Caucasus region, including its current position in the system of international relations, largely depends on the level and qu
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20

Mostofian, Bahareh. "Analysis of the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Integration of the Automotive Industry of Iran into Global Production Networks." European Journal of Economics 3, no. 2 (2023): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/eje.v3i2.491.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has long been recognized as a crucial driver of economic growth and development in less-developed countries and their integration into Global Production Networks (GPNs). FDI not only brings capital from the core countries but also technology, innovation, and know-how knowledge that can upgrade the capabilities of host automotive industries. On the other hand, FDI can also have negative impacts on host countries if it leads to significant import dependency. In the case of the Iranian automotive sector, the industry greatly benefited from FDI, with Western carmake
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21

Filin, Nikita A., Vladimir O. Koklikov, and Aleksandr S. Khodunov. "EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION IN THE VIEWS OF THE IRANIAN EXPERT COMMUNITIES." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian studies. History. Political science. International relations, no. 3 (2020): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2020-3-40-54.

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The article considers the development of Iran’s relations with the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as the views of Russian and Iranian experts on further prospects for cooperation. It is shown that the economic potential of Iran, despite existing economic difficulties, is comparable to the potential of the most developed countries of the organization. Iranian authorities are in favor of stepping up relations with the Eurasian Economic Union, which the organization itself is committed to. Russian and Iranian experts generally support further intensive development of Iran’s trade and economic r
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22

Kameneva, Marina. "National Issue in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Historical Background." Islamovedenie 12, no. 4 (2021): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2021-12-4-18-29.

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The article presents the background of studying the national issue and national relations in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is one of the largest multinational states of the Asian con-tinent with the population of about 85 million people. The nature of the approach of the power structures representatives to solving the national problems in modern Iranian society not only plays a significant role, but also often determines the ways to overcome emerging conflict situa-tions both in the domestic political and sociocultural spheres, as well as at the level of foreign policy discourse. These p
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23

Akramova, Yulduz U. "CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION IN IRAN." International Journal Of History And Political Sciences 03, no. 01 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/volume03issue01-01.

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The article reveals the essence of the constitutional revolution, which left a huge mark in the history of the Iranian state and lasted for a long time. The mistakes of the Qajar dynasty in domestic and foreign policy; the irreparable blow of foreign countries and capitals to Iran's economy; not only in the economic sphere, but also in management issues, there is talk of increasing dependence on foreign countries. Despite the fact that it was the first revolution in the history of Iran, it was a revolution that spread to a wide area and caused great changes in the life of the state administrat
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Yulianti, Dina, Muhammad Erza Mahendra, Deasy Silvya Sari, and Mozaffari Falarti. "Iranian Foreign Policy Strategy Regarding China's Belt And Road Initiative." Dauliyah: Journal of Islam and International Affairs 10, no. 1 (2025): 66–83. https://doi.org/10.21111/dauliyah.v10i1.13645.

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The Belt and Road Initiative is a global infrastructure development project initiated by China by building roads and railroads connecting Asia to Europe and the Indo-Pacific port line starting from Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. One country with an important strategic position in this project is Iran, which geographically connects the BRI Southern Corridor (China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor), which connects Central Asia, Iran, Turkey, and the Balkan countries. This article explains Iran's foreign policy strategy regarding China's BRI based on Lovell's typ
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Zehraa, Sania, Noor Fatima, and Noor Ullah Khan. "Iranian-Saudi Strategic Competition in the Middle East: An Analysis of the Arab Spring." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 2, no. 2 (2018): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/2.2.7.

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The major regional players in Mideast, including Iran and Saudi Arabia always intervened in politics of neighbouring countries with different political strategies. This study is to explore those major factors which have played key role in changing their strategies towards the regional politics. The research is helpful to know the dynamics of the Iranian and Saudi relations by keeping in view the US factor. From the perspective of the current scenario of the region, the research is helpful in assessing certain political objectives of both countries. This paper tries to examine the recent gulf b
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Volkov, Denis. "Peculiarities of the USSR’s Foreign Policy Decision Making towards the Islamic Republic of Iran." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080017099-5.

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This paper examines the earliest stage of the formation of Soviet foreign policy towards the Islamic Republic of Iran. The study offers a critical analysis of the state of the international scholarly field on the Islamic Re-public of Iran in its initial form, allowing for the diversity of expert perspec-tives that emerged in the early years after the Islamic Revolution, and trac-ing their reflection in the practical domain. The paper also examines the decision-making mechanism on Iran in the period 1979–1983 and the in-fluence of the views of different groups of Soviet experts on the process.
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Abdo, Ahmed Mohamed, and Najimaldeen Mohieddin Al-Rikani. "Change in Turkish Foreign Policy towards neighboring countries for 2003-2015 (Iraq model)." Tikrit Journal For Political Science, no. 14 (March 2, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v0i14.118.

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This paper deals with the nature and causes of change in Turkish foreign policy towards its neighbors, specifically Iraq. This change, which was the main reason, the new obstacles faced by the external movement and result, directly or indirectly, of the variables that have emerged in neighboring countries during the past decade, including Iraq, of course. Where the relationship between Turkey and Iraq is one of the most sensitive relations in the Middle East, and the Kurdistan region of Iraq has formed one of the important factors that contributed to the nature of that relationship between the
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28

Eftekhari, Arash. "MAIN FOREIGN POLICY CHALLENGES OF ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IN THE CAUCASUS (IN IRANIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY)." Problems of World History, no. 8 (March 14, 2019): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-8-11.

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Following the collapse of the USSR, regional states of the Caucasus faced serious political and economic problems. It needs to be mentioned that some of the fundamental problems existing in the region can be traced back to various historical and social factors that can be analyzed under the issues related with the Third world countries. Recent developments in the region including territorial disputes, economic and military crisis, security and strategic vacancy in the region has caught the attention of major regional and global players like the USA, EU, Russian Federation, Turkey, Iran, Israel
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Pasha, A. K. "Saudi Arabia and the Iranian Nuclear Deal." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 3, no. 4 (2016): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798916664613.

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The signing of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) between Iran and the P5 + 1 countries (i.e., China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) heralds a new US foreign policy approach in the Middle East. Amidst growing signs of declining geopolitical influence in the region, the United States chose to end its three-decade-old tension with Iran. This has alarmed its traditional regional allies and partners, especially Israel and Saudi Arabia. While Israel had advocated a “military option” to stop Iranian nuclear ambitions and took the matters to the US Congress, Saudi
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Alsalloum, Khaled Abdulaziz, and Mohamed Salman Tayie. "The Present and Future of Kuwaiti-Iranian Relations and Their Influence on the Security of the Arabian Gulf." Asian Social Science 14, no. 1 (2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n1p102.

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Objective: The objective is to study the present and future of Kuwaiti-Iranian relations through the determinants of the geographical, social, economic and political relationship and the reflection of that relation on the security of the Gulf. The study also examines the future of Gulf security in light of the Kuwaiti-Iranian relations.Method: The study used the approach of the national interest because it is linked to the theory of power, according to Hans Morgenthau, since power is the goal of the foreign policy maker, a major objective of the state in its external relations. Where the polit
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Roedyati, Joevi, and Yuri Alfrin Aladdin. "Could Iran fill in the power vacuum in Central Asia? foreign communication theories and analysis of narratives of Leaders." Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management 3, no. 6 (2024): 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v3i6.603.

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Since the beginning of Rusia and Ukraine’s war on February 2022, Central Asian’s military capacitiy was left by the Rusian under the heavy involvement of President Putin in Ukraine. Thus this vacuum, left Iran to eye the opportunities to catch the cooperation with Central Asian countries even more. And also because the political will of Iranian President, Raisi, to engage more and develop more ties with its neighbors and Central Asia countries was detected since the beginning of his term of power August 2021.
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Haddadi, Mahdi. "Jurisdiction of Iranian Courts to Deal with Civil Lawsuits against Foreign States." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 47 (February 2015): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.47.46.

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The principle of immunity of state and their property from foreign state courts is a natural consequence of the adoption of the principle of equal sovereignty of states in the International law and the international community. The principle, except with the consent of a state and outside the exceptions generally accepted in international practice, prevents domestic courts to exercise jurisdiction over a foreign state or their property. However, some countries contrary to the exceptions have taken some steps to violate the principle of state immunity through legislative and judicial measures. I
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Vakulenko, Ruslan, D. Lapaev, O. Vinogradova, and R. Sokolov. "Technologies for Overcoming Economic Sanctions. Iranian Experience." Scientific Research and Development. Economics of the Firm 11, no. 3 (2022): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2306-627x-2022-11-3-82-90.

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The article deals with the issue of methods for overcoming economic constraints in the long term on the example of the Islamic Republic of Iran. A comparative analysis is made, proving the similarity of the dynamics of macroeconomic foreign trade indicators of Russia and Iran at the time of the introduction of economic restrictions by a number of Western countries. The main directions of economic restrictions against Russia are systematized. Consideration of the Iranian experience of circumventing economic restrictions largely consists in the study of mechanisms that are relevant for sanctions
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Kharitonov, D. V. "PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIAN-IRANIAN ENERGY COOPERATION." Geoeconomics of Energetics, no. 4 (February 8, 2024): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2023_24_4_77.

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Due to the withdrawal of the United States under Republican President D. Trump in 2018 from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) to resolve the Iranian nuclear crisis, non-Western vector of foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) (China, India, Russia, Turkey and other states) has strengthened. It became particularly apparent with the coming to power of a conservative president close to the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ebrahim (Ibrahim) Raisi. Seeking to escape the foreign policy isolation and financial and economic sanctions pressure created by the United States and its alli
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Ghasemi, Jamshid, and Hamed Askari. "Iranian EFL Teachers’ Attitude Towards Utilization of ELT in Students’ Future Lives." Journal of Quality in Education 13, no. 21 (2023): 156–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37870/joqie.v13i21.347.

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In countries in which there is no formal second language, and English is considered a foreign language and has no place in people’s everyday lives and communications, the utilization of the foreign language taught in schools as the second language is under question. This study has been conducted to indicate English teachers’ attitudes toward the utilization of teaching English as a foreign language in Iranian high schools as well as current language policies. In this study, 66 EFL teachers from Gotvand, Shushtar, and Dezful, Iran, made up the sample of this study. To answer the questions of th
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Nasirova, Yakhshikhanim. "Foreign Schools in the Ottoman Empire at Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries: On the Example of Iranian Schools (Based on Ottoman Archival Documents)." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 6 (2024): 169. https://doi.org/10.31696/s086919080032554-6.

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Since the end of 15th century in the light of social and political changes in the Ottoman Empire, the influx of people from abroad began to increase. For further adaptation in the Ottoman society and the creation of more favorable social conditions for life, citizens of foreign countries who immigrated here had to solve emerging social problems. One of such important problems was the organization of education for children. Thus, starting from the middle of the 16th century, foreign schools began to open in the Ottoman state. In the 19th century, this process accelerated. During this period, Fr
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Shakeri, Ali. "BARRIERS FOR IRANIAN STUDENTS TO IMMIGRATE TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." SCIENTIFIC REVIEW. SERIES 1. ECONOMICS AND LAW, no. 3 (2021): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2021-3-11.

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Since January 2020, the Russian Federation and Iran have been involved with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Restriction in routine life, physical and social activities created many physiological and psychological difficulties for many students during quarantine. In between, international students also had more concerns such as health care in a foreign country, language barriers, and the wellbeing of their families. Therefore, some students, including Iranian students, came back to their home country in the summer of 2020. Unfortunately, many Iranian students studying in Russian universiti
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38

Kalbasi, Reyhan Ashtary. "Prospects for Russian-Iranian relations in the nuclear Field." Post-Soviet Issues 6, no. 2 (2019): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2019-6-2-195-202.

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Russia is one of the influential participants in the technical and political process of Iranian nuclear programme. Russian-Iranian relations in the nuclear field have been developing fora long time. The article discusses the factors that determine Russia’s approaches to cooperationwith Iran on the nuclear issue. Moscow’s policy takes into account the nature of bilateral Russian-Iranian relations, as well as the development of global processes. The position of Russia onthe further implementation of the Iranian nuclear programme is being considered in accordancewith the agreements reached within
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Tanvir, Rida, and Syed Qandil Abbas. "Evolving Balance of Power in the Middle East: Iran-Israel Standoff Shaping Iranian Foreign Policy." Global Political Review IX, no. III (2024): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2024(ix-iii).08.

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The Israel-Iranian conflict can be considered a major contributor to changes in the power balance in the Middle East. This competition has profound implications for regional stability and has impacted almost every realm of Iran's foreign policy. It influences its decision-making regarding its domestic policies, strategy on military actions, neighboring countries, and its nuclear plan. If both countries head towards different goals, which they currently are, there is a high possibility of an escalation that will have severe impacts on both regional and international security. The principal item
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Beigzadeh, Safar, and Behrooz Rasuli. "Author Rights in Scientific-Research Articles: Awareness of the Fate of the Work (Review of the Peer Review Process, Comparative Study)." Information Management 3, no. 2 (2017): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14008081.

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After an author submits their manuscript to a scientific-research journal system, do they have the right to be informed about the fate of their manuscript throughout the acceptance process until its publication? If so, on what legal foundations and documentation is this right established in Iranian law? A look at the guidelines of scientific-research journals in Iran indicates that this issue and such a right have not been addressed so far. In contrast, in non-Iranian scientific-research contexts, the timelines provided in the article acceptance guidelines show that this group of journals has
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Dudaiti, Albert K., Javad Morshedloo, and Moussa Abdollahi. "Some Aspects of Iran’s Relations with the Countries of the South Caucasus after the August 2008 Crisis." Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2023-3-39-46.

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The states of the South Caucasus, which have preserved historical and cultural ties with the Iranian world, inherited from the Persian Empire, are traditionally given an important place in the foreign policy priorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In the interests of ensuring the national security of the country, the Iranian power elites consistently advocate the settlement of conflicts in the South Caucasus by political means and the creation on this basis of favorable conditions for the peaceful, stable and secure development of this region. At the same time, Iran shows a high interest i
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42

Pidone Costa, Beatriz. "Arábia Saudita e Irã: rivalidade e disputa pela hegemonia no Golfo Pérsico." ÎANDÉ : Ciências e Humanidades 2, no. 1 (2018): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36942/iande.v2i1.44.

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Resumo
 O sectarismo religioso, considerado como um dos principais motivos que levaram à disputa entre Arábia Saudita e Irã, é utilizado como instrumento político por esses Estados em prol de seus interesses. As relações entre ambos tiveram um início cooperativo, porém, após a Revolução Iraniana de 1979, passaram apenas a se deteriorar. O embate entre os países islâmicos se acirrou, impulsionado pelas intervenções americanas na região; pela Primavera Árabe; e pela crise de legitimidade dos governos islâmicos. Atualmente, sem perspectivas de reatamento, as relações diplomáticas entre os pa
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43

Gladkova, E. L., and N. V. Melekhina. "ON THE STUDY OF IRANIAN-RUSSIAN RELATTIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERSIAN LANGUAGE POLITICAL DISCOURSE." Philology at MGIMO 20, no. 4 (2019): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2019-4-20-109-118.

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The article attempts to study the development of relations between Russia and Iran (20152019) in the Persian political discourse. The aim of the paper is to represent the main characteristics of Iranian-Russian relations based on the research of Iranian leaders’ and other officials’ speeches and statements related to cooperation and relationship between the two countries. The methodology was based on a qualitative-quantitative express content analysis of the texts extracted from media resources. To reach the above mentioned goals the study was carried out in five stages: determination of the a
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44

Zinah Abdul-Amir Abdul-Hassan Ibrahim. "US Foreign Policy towards Iran During Joe Biden Administration." Tikrit Journal For Political Science 2, no. 28 (2022): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v2i28.177.

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US foreign policy is the important driver of many events and policies at the regional and international levels. Perhaps the importance of US foreign policy towards Iran comes from the great importance of both countries. Many other regional and international policies, as well as Iran, which is an important and influential player in a large number of issues, especially at the regional level, in addition to the most prominent issue through which it interacts with a large number of major powers, led by the United States of America, as is the case with the Iranian nuclear program. And the US foreig
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Qerbaa, Mohammad Khair, and Abdelsalam Atyah Hammad. "Iranian and Israeli Infiltration in Africa and Its Implications for the Arab World: A Comparative Study." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 50, no. 3 (2023): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i3.5383.

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Objectives: This study investigates Iranian and Israeli infiltration in Africa and its implications for the Arab world. It examines the impacts and mechanisms involved in such infiltration.
 Methods: The study employs historical, descriptive, analytical, and comparative approaches. It traces the process of penetration from its initial stages to subsequent extensions, defining and describing the characteristics of this infiltration. It analyzes its components, and highlights similarities and differences in the infiltration process.
 Results: The study yielded the following results: Po
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Omidi, Ali. "Russian-Iranian Ties: Strategic Alliance, Strategic Coalition, or Strategic Alignment (Partnership)." Russian Politics 7, no. 3 (2022): 341–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/24518921-00604023.

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Abstract One of the most critical foreign policy issues of middle – power states is how to mold attitudes towards major powers. Since 1979, Iran has changed the nature of its relations with major powers. Although the Iranian Revolution adopted the ‘Neither East, Nor West’ motto as a macro guide to its foreign policy, since the late 1980s Iran and the Soviet Union – now Russia, have advanced their bilateral relations. Despite Iran and Russia sharing convergent views on many international issues, they have not promoted their ties to a strategic alliance. The present paper addresses the question
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Magomedov, N. A. "STATE OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICY OF SOUTHERN DAGESTAN IN THE FIRST THIRD OF THE 18th CENTURY." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, no. 3 (2017): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch13318-23.

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Basing on the data of written sources and historical literature, the author of the article presents the state of domestic and foreign policy in Southern Dagestan in the first third of the 18th century when the interests of many world powers, most regularly the interests of Russia, Iran and Turkey, collided and entwined here. The internal political state of Dagestan was characterized by political decentralization, diversity of ethnic composition of the population, complex relationships between individual feudal estates and unions of rural communities, interference of neighboring countries in th
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Kelbizadeh, Elnur Р. "THE DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARMENIAN-IRANIAN RELATIONS IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 15, no. 4 (2020): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch154639-651.

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Relations with the post-soviet countries, especially with the Caucasus republics became a special aspect of Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy, after the collapse of the USSR. The processes around the Islamic Republic of Iran have increased the attention to the foreign policy of this country, its relations with neighboring countries and its strategic goals. It is known that the Islamic Republic of Iran expected its main threats to its security from its southern and western neighbors. In this sense, the collapse of the USSR has created a new sphere of diplomatic activity for the Islamic
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49

Yurtaev, V. "Iran and Sanctions: Limits of Self-Reliance." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 5 (2016): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-5-26-29.

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The article considers the problem of external validity of sanctions as a tool to influence the state based on the principles of Shia Islam and self-reliance. The Obama administration significantly increased the political component of pressure in an attempt to find the “pain points” of the regime of the Islamic Republic. One of such points is a threat to be isolated in relation to such powers as Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China. In 2010, Tehran de facto started to use nuclear factor to log into the world politics. Therefore, the “atomic diplomacy” of Iran turned to be a rather
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Lokhova, I. V. "The Evolution of Iran’s Foreign Policy Concept in the 1920s-1930s." Vestnik of North Ossetian State University, no. 1 (March 25, 2023): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2023-1-26-33.

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The article highlights issues aimed at solving the problems of political and economic independence facing Iran, which affect the foreign policy concept of Iran. The development of Iranian society after the establishment of the Pahlavi monarchy took place in a complex and controversial international situation. The existence of the Soviet state near the northern borders of Iran, on the one hand, and the attempt to maintain and strengthen its control by Britain and other Western powers, on the other hand, influenced the features of economic and political development. Reflecting directly the inter
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