Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ireland – History – 20th century / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Ireland – History – 20th century.

Journal articles on the topic 'Ireland – History – 20th century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Ireland – History – 20th century.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Delay, Cara. "Wrong for womankind and the nation: Anti-abortion discourses in 20th-century Ireland." Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419854660.

Full text

Abstract:

This article asks how anti-abortion discourses and dialogues engaged with ideas about motherhood, national identity, and women’s reproductive decision-making in 20th-century Ireland, particularly from 1967, when abortion was decriminalized in Britain, to 1983, when Ireland’s Eighth Amendment became the law of the land. It assesses the ways in which ‘pro-life’ advocates rejected the notion that women were independent adults capable of reproductive decision-making. Indeed, throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, anti-choice activists defined all Irish women as innately innocent, moral, and naturally desirous of domesticity and motherhood. Abortion, they argued, was encouraged, coerced, and even forced by outsiders or ‘others’. The arguments of some anti-abortion activists utilized meaningful themes in Ireland’s colonial and nationalist history, including the historical notion of Irish sacrificial motherhood, the depiction of Irish women as young and vulnerable, and the explanation of abortion as foreign, anti-Irish, and reminiscent of British colonial repression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Stalmaszczyk, Piotr. "Celtic Studies in Poland in the 20th century: a bibliography." ZCPH 54, no. 1 (April 30, 2004): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zcph.2005.170.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction Celtic Studies are concerned with the languages, literature, culture, mythology, religion, art, history, and archaeology of historical and contemporary Celtic countries and traces of Celtic influences elsewhere. The historical Celtic countries include ancient Gaul, Galatia, Celtiberia, Italy, Britain and Ireland, whereas the modern Celtic territories are limited to Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Cornwall and Brittany. It has to be stressed that Celtic Studies are not identical with Irish (or Scottish, Welsh, or Breton) Studies, though they are, for obvious reasons, closely connected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Pembroke, Sinéad. "Foucault and Industrial Schools in Ireland: Subtly Disciplining or Dominating through Brutality?" Sociology 53, no. 2 (April 6, 2018): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038518763490.

Full text

Abstract:

Industrial Schools run by Catholic Religious Orders in Ireland were a form of institutionalised child-welfare that incarcerated children in need for most of the 20th century. During the last decade, Industrial Schools were one of the most controversial elements of Ireland’s recent history; the abuse scandal associated with such places has led to a state apology, the setting up of an inquiry and redress process, with its final report (the Ryan Report), published in 2009. Although a fast growing literature exists on Industrial Schools, they do not analyse the precise nature of the regime inside these institutions. This article contributes to understandings of Foucault by looking at the regime and practices imposed on children incarcerated in Industrial Schools in Ireland in the 20th century, and exploring why they were used. Twenty-five interviews were conducted with male and female Industrial School survivors and analysed using a grounded theory approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

O'Day, A. "Shorter notice. Ireland in the 20th Century: Divided Island. David Harkness." English Historical Review 115, no. 460 (February 2000): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/115.460.251.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

O'Day, A. "Shorter notice. Ireland in the 20th Century: Divided Island. David Harkness." English Historical Review 115, no. 460 (February 1, 2000): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/115.460.251.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

O’Hanlon, Oliver. "Ireland through French eyes: reports from Ireland in French newspapers in the 20th century." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2011 (January 1, 2011): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2011.37.

Full text

Abstract:

The French and the Irish have for many years had a certain affinity and a distinctly positive regard for each other. It may well be that our shared history and Celtic ancestry, or common religion have helped to bring us together and to support each other. For centuries religious links have been forged by successive waves of missionaries who travelled from Ireland to the European continent to spread the faith. While these religious links may not today be as strong as they once were, there are still several extremely strong links between the two countries, for instance in the areas of culture, education or business. In recent times the creative talents of the writers James Joyce and Samuel Beckett and artists such as Walter Osborne, Roderic O’Conor and Eileen Gray have helped to establish and foster the bond between the two countries. For well over a hundred years, news stories ...

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Davoren, Mary, Eugene G. Breen, and Brendan D. Kelly. "Dr Ada English: patriot and psychiatrist in early 20th century Ireland." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 28, no. 2 (June 2011): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700011514.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDr Adeline (Ada) English (1875-1944) was a pioneering Irish psychiatrist. She qualified in medicine in 1903 and spent four decades working at Ballinasloe District Lunatic Asylum, during which time there were significant therapeutic innovations (eg. occupational therapy, convulsive treatment). Dr English was deeply involved in Irish politics. She participated in the Easter Rising (1916); spent six months in Galway jail for possessing nationalistic literature (1921); was elected as a Teachta Dála (member of Parliament; 1921); and participated in the Civil War (1922). She made significant contributions to Irish political life and development of psychiatric services during an exceptionally challenging period of history. Additional research would help contextualise her contributions further.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Milewski, Jarosław. "Masculinities, History and Cultural Space: Queer Emancipative Thought in Jamie O’Neill’s At Swim, Two Boys." Text Matters, no. 8 (October 24, 2018): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/texmat-2018-0004.

Full text

Abstract:

At Swim, Two Boys, a 2001 novel by Jamie O’Neill, tells a story of gay teen romance in the wake of the Easter Rising. This paper considers the ways in which the characters engage in patterns of masculine behaviour in a context that excludes queer men, and the rhetorical effect of transgressive strategies to form a coherent identity. These patterns include involvement with the masculine and heteronormative nationalist movement, as well as a regime of physical exercise, and a religious upbringing in 20th-century Ireland. The strategies of broadening the practices of masculinity include their renegotiation and redefinition, as well as attempts to (re)construct the Irish and the gay canons of history and literature. These strategies, as exemplified by character development, become a rhetorical basis for the novel’s main argument for inclusiveness. This analysis deals with the central metaphors of space and continuity in the novel in the light of a struggle between identities. It also observes the tradition of parallels drawn between the emasculated position of the gay man and the Irish man at the beginning of the 20th century, and O’Neill’s rhetorical deployment of the shared telos in construction of a coherent gay Irish revolutionary identity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Haas, Allison. "Two 1916s: Sebastian Barry’s A Long Long Way." Humanities 8, no. 1 (March 23, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8010060.

Full text

Abstract:

As Paul Fussell has shown, the First World War was a watershed moment for 20th century British history and culture. While the role of the 36th (Ulster) Division in the Battle of the Somme has become a part of unionist iconography in what is now Northern Ireland, the experience of southern or nationalist Irish soldiers in the war remains underrepresented. Sebastian Barry’s 2005 novel, A Long Long Way is one attempt to correct this historical imbalance. This article will examine how Barry represents the relationship between the First World War and the 1916 Easter Rising through the eyes of his politically-conflicted protagonist, Willie Dunne. While the novel at first seems to present a common war experience as a means of healing political divisions between Ireland and Britain, this solution ultimately proves untenable. By the end of the novel, Willie’s hybrid English–Irish identity makes him an outcast in both places, even as he increasingly begins to identify with the Irish nationalist cause. Unlike some of Barry’s other novels, A Long Long Way does not present a disillusioned version of the early 20th century Irish nationalism. Instead, Willie sympathizes with the rebels, and Barry ultimately argues for a more inclusive Irish national identity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Berrios, G. E. "Delusions as “Wrong Beliefs”: A Conceptual History." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, S14 (November 1991): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296414.

Full text

Abstract:

It was a common view among 19th century historians and clinicians that the study of delusions was the study of insanity itself (Ball & Ritti, 1881). At the beginning of the 20th century, Jaspers rendered this insight into a cliche (Jaspers, 1963). The nature of the link between delusion and insanity, however, has continued to confuse scholars, particularly those writing in the English language (Ireland, 1885; Arthur, 1964; Moor & Tucker, 1979; Winters & Neale, 1983). German (Huber & Gross, 1977), French (Ey, 1950) and Spanish (Cabaleiro Goas, 1966) writers have fared better; unfortunately, much of their work remains inaccessible to English-speaking psychiatrists. This is one of the reasons why, in Anglo-Saxon psychiatry, it has been suggested that the ‘definitive‘ view on delusions started with Jaspers and the Heidelberg school (Hoenig, 1968). This suggestion is misleading (Berrios, 1991), for by 1912, when Chaslin published his great work on descriptive psychopathology, all the distinctions nowadays attributed to Jaspers had already been made. Indeed, the rare efforts made to escape from the ‘pathological belief view were ignored (Southard, 1916).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Antal, Tamás. "Changes in the English jury in the 19th and 20th centuries." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 57, no. 4 (2023): 1307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns57-45501.

Full text

Abstract:

The present paper deals with the short history of the English jury in the modern age. The main goal of the author is completing a historical research and finding the most important features concerning legal institutions of the Anglo-Saxon type of lay jurisdiction in England and Ireland. The historical perspective gives a chance to examine the institutions of the jury as a court of citizens integrated into the jurisdiction of the state for a brief period of time. The author takes the view in several periods from the early 19th century up to the end of the 20th century. It is not the procedure but the organisational rules which are under discussion here with special attention to the conditions which determined the role of the jury as a part of county courts and sessions as well as the central tribunals in London. The literature was collected in the British Library during research intervals to have the opportunity to work from special sources not cited by Central-European scholars yet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Eogan, George. "Archaeology in Ireland during the last 50 years: an outline." Antiquity 76, no. 292 (June 2002): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0009058x.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionThroughout the 20th century there were many notable developments in Irish archaeology, both academically and administratively. Already by the middle of the century considerable change had taken place, that was a time when new attitudes and initiatives were underway. It was also a time of economic development and social adjustments in the wake of World War II. The changes that took place in archaeology during the following half-century were extensive and varied and involved most aspects of the subject. The year 1950 is, therefore, a reasonable starting-point for commencing this review but this does not imply that a new and altered archaeology had emerged. On the contrary established personnel and institutions continued to play a major role, while some longstanding research projects continued. What is offered in this paper is a brief historical review largely considered from the academic point of view, it is selective and is not intended to provide detailed information about all aspects of research and other developments that have taken place over the past half-century. However, an attempt will be made to review the causes and influences that brought about such developments, but it is not a potted history, neither is it a review of intellectual developments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Turpin, John. "Researching Irish art in its educational context." Art Libraries Journal 43, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2018.16.

Full text

Abstract:

Documentary sources for Irish art are widely scattered and vulnerable. The art library of the Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts was destroyed by bombardment during the Rising of 1916 against British rule. The absence of degree courses in art history delayed the development of art libraries until the 1960s when art history degrees were established at University College Dublin, and Trinity College Dublin. In the 1970s the state founded the Regional Technical Colleges all over Ireland with their art and design courses. Modern approaches to art education had transformed the education of artists and designers with a new emphasis on concept rather than skill acquisition. This led to theoretical teaching and the growth of art sections in the college libraries. Well qualified graduates and staff led the way in the universities and colleges to a greater emphasis on research. Archive centres of documentation on Irish art opened at the National Gallery of Ireland, Trinity College and the Irish Architectural Archive. At NCAD the National Irish Visual Arts Archive (NIVAL) became the main depository for documentation on 20th century Irish art and design. Many other libraries exist with holdings of relevance to the history of Irish art, notably the National Library of Ireland, the Royal Irish Academy, the Royal Dublin Society, the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland and the National Archives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Moore-McCann, Brenda. "Art matters: How art and medicine intersect in the art of Brian O’Doherty/Patrick Ireland." Journal of Medical Biography 28, no. 1 (October 3, 2017): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772017733643.

Full text

Abstract:

This essay discusses the influence of a medical training on the art practice of one of the seminal thinkers and art practitioners of the 20th century, Brian O’Doherty. Using selected artworks like the ‘Portrait of Marcel Duchamp’ (1966) that uses an electrocardiographic tracing of the older artist's heart, it demonstrates this link. However, in this artist’s hands, the work moves beyond this link to challenge a number of conventions within art itself.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Bychkov, M. A. "THE IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY IN THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF IRELAND IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY." Вестник Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета технологии и дизайна. Серия 2: Искусствоведение. Филологические науки, no. 2 (2021): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.46418/2079-8202_2021_2_16.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kelly, Brendan D. "Learning disability and forensic mental healthcare in 19th century Ireland." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 25, no. 3 (September 2008): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700011149.

Full text

Abstract:

The Irish College of Psychiatrists recently reported that “the needs of people with learning disability and offending behaviour pose a huge challenge to service providers. The vulnerability of people with a learning disability who come into contact with the criminal justice system is well described and noted.” The College noted that “the population with learning disability who offend does not easily fit into existing services” and reported that “the majority of service providers strongly supported the urgent development of a forensic learning disability service.”The challenges presented by individuals with learning disability and offending behaviour are not specific to Ireland or to this period in history. The purpose of the present paper is to explore issues related to learning disability and offending behaviour in 19th- and early 20th-century Ireland.More specifically, this paper presents original, previously unpublished case material from the archival medical records of the Central Mental Hospital, Dublin in order to illustrate specific aspects of the institutional experience of individuals with learning disability who were charged with offending behaviour in nineteenth-century Ireland.The Central Mental Hospital, Dublin was established as the Central Criminal Lunatic Asylum in 1845 under the provisions of the Lunatics Asylums (Ireland) Act (1845). Individuals were to be committed to the Central Criminal Lunatic Asylum if they were declared ‘guilty but insane’ at time of trial or offence, or if they developed mental illness and became difficult to manage while in detention elsewhere. The Central Criminal Lunatic Asylum opened its doors to admissions in 1850 and by 1853 there were 69 male and 40 female inpatients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Radmilo Derado, Sanja. "MERGING SOCIAL CRITICISM WITH IRISH CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE SHORT STORY COLLECTION THE UNTILLED FIELD BY GEORGE MOORE." Folia linguistica et litteraria X, no. 32 (2020): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.32.2020.3.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper analyses the short story collection The Untilled Field by the Irish writer George Moore (1852-1933) with the aim of establishing the subversive potential of these stories in the context of the criticism of the overpowering dogmas within the Irish society at the beginning of the 20th century. With this long neglected short story collection, George Moore reveals a darker, silenced side of Ireland, hidden from the public discourse of the socio-political mainstream of the period. His social criticism is primarily focused on some neuralgic aspects of the Irish society of the time, namely on the dominant influence of the Irish Catholic church on the collective ethos of the nation and, subsequently, on the spiritual and moral paralysis of the Irish people as well as on mass emigrations of the Irish to America. By pinpointing these, in his view, destructive social forces and the complex sociopolitical situation in Ireland during the formation of the modern Irish state, George Moore identifies a state of collective moral lethargy characterised by total absence of any possibility of individual affirmation through artistic agency. The importance of this short story collection, from the point of view of scientific research, lies in the foregrounding motivation behind it. In other words, in George Moore´s intention to dig deep into the relentless existence of the Irish people at one stage in the country´s history and to re-shape the well- established colonial representations which favoured falsely pastoral visions of Ireland. It was not until the second half of the 20th century that the stigma of ´un-patriotic´ and ´subversive´ was lifted from this short story collection giving it, though still limited, well-deserved attention and recognising its literary and artistic importance for Irish national culture and for its literature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Brannigan, John, Marcela Santos Brigida, Thayane Verçosa, and Gabriela Ribeiro Nunes. "Thinking in Archipelagic Terms: An Interview with John Brannigan." Palimpsesto - Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da UERJ 20, no. 35 (May 13, 2021): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/palimpsesto.2021.59645.

Full text

Abstract:

John Brannigan is Professor at the School of English, Drama and Film at University College Dublin. He has research interests in the twentieth-century literatures of Ireland, England, Scotland, and Wales, with a particular focus on the relationships between literature and social and cultural identities. His first book, New Historicism and Cultural Materialism (1998), was a study of the leading historicist methodologies in late twentieth-century literary criticism. He has since published two books on the postwar history of English literature (2002, 2003), leading book-length studies of working-class authors Brendan Behan (2002) and Pat Barker (2005), and the first book to investigate twentieth-century Irish literature and culture using critical race theories, Race in Modern Irish Literature and Culture (2009). His most recent book, Archipelagic Modernism: Literature in the Irish and British Isles, 1890-1970 (2014), explores new ways of understanding the relationship between literature, place and environment in 20th-century Irish and British writing. He was editor of the international peer-reviewed journal, Irish University Review, from 2010 to 2016.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Vershinina, D. B. "NATIONALISM, CATOLICISM, FEMINISM? GENDER DIMENSION OF THE NATIONAL STRUGGLE IN IRELAND OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20th CENTURY." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 2(53) (2021): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-2-186-197.

Full text

Abstract:

The author analyzes the evolution of the national movement in Ireland in the first half of the 20th century through the prism of women's participation and gender equality issues. It is argued that the Irish nationalists' choice of patriarchal Catholic ideology has not been predetermined since the revival of Irish nationalism, and although the Catholic faith played a significant role in the anti-British activities of the Irish national movement, there were many Protestants among its activists, as well as women who shared feminist values and played an important role in organizing the political and military struggle of the Irish for independence. The article focuses on the various methods of women's participation in the Irish national movement, including the creation of separate women's organizations, and membership in key societies and groups, as well as participation in constructing barricades and in fighting during the Easter Rising. It was more difficult to take part in the specifically women's struggle to grant Irish women the right to vote, which was associated with the activities of London organizations, the Women's Socio-Political Union specifically. It is argued that it was the anti-British orientation of the Irish political struggle that made it impossible (or difficult) to associate Irish feminists with the goals of the women's movement in the United Kingdom, which led to the victory of the social doctrine of Catholics and the “enslavement” of Irish women after the Irish Free State was created. The article analyzes not only sources of personal origin, telling about the participation of Irish women in the national movement, but also official documents of the young Irish state, demonstrating the evolution of its ideology in social and gender issues towards a patriarchal approach to the role of women in society, the fight against which has become the task of feminists of the second wave starting in the 1970s.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Maher, Eamon. "Síle de Cléir. Popular Catholicism in 20th-Century Ireland: Locality, Identity and Culture. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. Pp. 264. $114 (cloth)." Journal of British Studies 58, no. 1 (January 2019): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2018.215.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Kazakevych, G. "UKRAINIAN O'CONNORS: THE FAMILY OF IRISH ANCESTRY IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OF THE 19TH CENTURY UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 132 (2017): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2017.132.1.03.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the O'Connor family, which played a noticeable role in the Ukrainian history of the 19 – early 20th centuries. A founder of the family Alexander O'Connor leaved Ireland in the late 18th century. The author assumes that he was a military man who had to emigrate from Ireland shortly after the Irish rebellion of 1798. After some years in France, where he had changed his surname to de Connor, he and his elder son Victor arrived in Russia where Alexander Ivanovich De-Konnor joined the army. As a cavalry regiment commander, colonel De-Konnor took part in the Napoleonic wars. He married a noble Ukrainian woman Anastasia Storozhenko and settled down in her estate in the Poltava region of Ukraine. His three sons (Victor, Alexander and Valerian) had served as army commanders and then settled in Chernihiv, Poltava and Kharkiv regions respectively. Among their descendants the most notable were two daughters of Alexander De-Konnor jr – Olga and Valeria as well as Valerian De-Konnor jr. Olga De-Konnor married a famous Ukrainian composer and public figure Mykola Lysenko. As a professional opera singer, she stood at the origins of the Ukrainian national opera. Her younger sister Valeria was a Ukrainian writer, publicist and political activist who joined the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917. Valerian De-Konnor jr. is well known for his research works and translations in the field of cynology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Suzdaltsev, Ilya. "Modern English Historiography of the Communist International: A General Overview." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640013465-9.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the analysis of the 21st-century English-language historiography of the Communist International. Contemporary historians are showing increasing interest in the study of this international organization. Three available conceptual approaches to this topic (“traditionalist”, “revisionist”, and “post-revisionist”) are considered and characterized, the works of historians from Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand are analyzed. The article demonstrates an increase in research interest in the Communist International. In a fairly large volume of studies, there are monographs and articles devoted to the organization both directly (the historiography of the Comintern, the activities of its sections around the world, etc.) and indirectly, i.e., to related issues such as the history of communism, in particular, and the left forces, in general, international relations of Soviet Russia, the communist movement in individual countries, etc. These studies touch on the period of the Comintern's activity from 1920 to the end of the 1930s, including several controversial issues: the impact on the policy of the national communist parties of the “The Twenty-one Conditions”, united front tactics, Bolshevization, Stalinization, and the Popular Front. The author believes that most of the studies (especially those published in the first decade of the 21st century) are based on studies published long before the 2000s, however, archival materials are being used in increasing volumes, which makes modern research more objective. This gives grounds for a conclusion about the revision of the historiographic tradition of the Comintern that existed in the 20th century: new approaches (“revisionist” and “post-revisionist”) entailed a change in emphasis and a revision of some established points of view. Authors adhering to these approaches rely mainly on modern literature (including Russian) and a wide source base represented by materials from both national archives and the Russian State Archives of Social-Political History.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Bowring, Bill. "Twentieth Century Totalitarian Regimes, Lustration, and Guilt for Crimes of the Past: Challenges and Dangers for the Strasbourg Court." Review of Central and East European Law 44, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04401004.

Full text

Abstract:

This article addresses a key contemporary problem confronting the Strasbourg Court. While it is well established that seeking the historical truth is an integral part of the right to freedom of expression, it cannot be the role of the Strasbourg Court to arbitrate underlying historical issues (Dzhugashvili v. Russia, 2014). Still less can it be for the Court to decide on individual or collective guilt for crimes of the past, rather than on violations of Convention rights. For example, the Court has found many violations of human rights in the more recent armed conflicts in Northern Ireland, South-East Turkey, Chechnya, or the Basque Country, but has never sought to pronounce on the legal or moral issues underlying these conflicts, or on their deep historical roots. However, the existence of the ussr for more than 70 years, and 12 years of Nazism in Germany, leading to wwii, dominated the 20th century in Europe. These have both been described as totalitarian regimes. The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 followed by the collapse of the ussr in 1991 led to dramatic changes not only in statehood and political systems, but also a strong desire for states emerging from the ussr or Soviet domination to purge the past, and to identify and punish wrongdoers. Various forms of lustration have been a product of this desire, with the exception of the Russian Federation, where the characterization and proper evaluation of its Soviet past are questions still unresolved. Increasingly the Strasbourg Court has been called on to decide highly controversial cases, for example Ždanoka v. Latvia (2006), Vajnai v. Hungary (2008), Kononov v. Latvia (2010), Korobov v. Estonia (2013), Soro v. Estonia (2015). The author was counsel for the applicants in some of these cases. I ask: what are the dangers and challenges for the Strasbourg Court in adjudicating such cases, and how can it avoid the appearance of taking sides in bitter and intractable arguments?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Riordan, Susannah. "Síle de Cléir, Popular Catholicism in 20th-Century Ireland: Locality, Identity and Culture. London: Bloomsbury, 2017. xiv + 249pp. 14 plates. 5 maps. Bibliography. £85.00 hbk." Urban History 46, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926819000117.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Crossman, Virginia. "Review: County and Town: One Hundred Years of Local Government in Ireland, ‘Lovers of Liberty’? Local Government in 20th Century Ireland, a History of Local Government in the County of Louth from Earliest Times to the Present Time." Irish Economic and Social History 29, no. 1 (June 2002): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248930202900142.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Kajtez, Ilija, and Srđan Starčević. "Justification of military neutrality of the Republic of Serbia at a time of erosion of neutrality in Europe." Srpska politička misao 82, no. 4 (2023): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spm82-46850.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper aims to examine the justifiableness of the Republic of Serbia's politics of military neutrality after the beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict, i.e., in an era of extreme tensions between Western countries and Russia. The significance of this topic has been additionally elevated after two neutral countries, Sweden and Finland, renounced neutrality while debates about the appropriateness of neutrality emerged in other neutral countries, such are Ireland, Malta, and Austria. The purpose of the paper is to examine, from a perspective of sociology of politics, whether the position of military neutrality still represents a good foreign-policy strategy aiming to preserve sovereignty and territorial integrity. The hypothesis of this paper is that Serbia's military neutrality is justified by the social reality in Serbia. The first chapter briefly describes the historical decline of neutrality during the first half of the 20th century. In that context, observation made in mid last century, according to which neutrality was becoming an obsolete concept, is true. Increase of NATO members, as well as abandoning neutrality under the influence of globalization and negative experiences of neutral countries in the 20th century, strengthens this assertion. However, we can conclude that neutrality has existed in continuity in Europe throughout the entire modern period of history, and that there were always some states that chose neutrality, with larger or lesser prospects of success in realization of their security interests. The great revolution, one might say the collapse of neutrality or even a frenzy to align, was the result of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict and new increasing tensions between the West and Russia. The second chapter is dedicated to the causes of Serbia's decision to be military neutral. These causes include: internal division of key political acters in regards to strategic alignment, the issues of the status of Kosovo and Metohija in which the Russian Federation provides key support to Republic of Serbia in the United Nations, and the role of NATO in wars during the disintegration of Yugoslavia and currently in Kosovo and Metohija. The third chapter lists the advantages in regards to social values implied by the position of military neutrality. Authors conclude that military neutrality represents a favorable strategic option for the Republic of Serbia, not just due to painful collective memory of Serbian citizens of the NATO aggression on Yugoslavia and the support of the Russian Federation to Serbia in regards to Kosovo and Metohija, but also due to the intrinsic values of neutrality which could become an identity attribute and a foundation of the renewal of solidarity in Serbian society.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

E. Childs, Peter. "Curriculum development in science - past, present and future." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 3, no. 3 (July 30, 2015): 381–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.v3i3.1036.

Full text

Abstract:

Science only became a recognised school subject at the end of the 19th century. The study of science subjects remained an elitist pursuit until the mid-late 20th century, but it is now seen as a core subject in many countries, especially in the junior secondary cycle. Since the 1950s there have been major reforms in science education – in the USA, UK and other countries – with a shift away from a focus on content and prescribed practical work, to emphases on inquiry (thinking and working like scientists) and the social aspects of science (in the STS and context-based movements) and on the nature of science (history and philosophy of science). The talk will trace the evolution of the school science curriculum, with a focus on the UK and Ireland, and in particular the changing fortunes of discovery/inquiry science, whose latest incarnation – inquiry-based science education IBSE), is currently in vogue, particularly in Europe. Different science curricula have had different balances between the needs of science and scientists, of students, and of society. In addition, there have been at least three main paradigms underlying school science curricula:the facts and concepts of science (content);the nature and processes of science (conduct or process);the applications of science in society (context).Modern curricula rightly consider that all these aspects are important, although each one has produced its own version of school science, where its emphasis is dominant. The prevailing trend is to integrate all three aspects into science curricula, whether as combined science or single sciences, designed both for the needs of future science specialists and for citizens. Apart from the social and economic demands on science curricula to deliver benefits for society and the economy, the other major influence in the last 40 years or so has been the growth of science education research, and the demand that reforms in science curricula and classroom practice be evidence-based.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Cregier, D. M., and Charles Townshend. "Ireland: The 20th Century." History Teacher 33, no. 2 (February 2000): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/494978.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Stoyanova, V. I. "International Dialogue on Preservation of The Cultural Heritage of Russia (Surgut, 2021)." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 5, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2021-3-19-203-206.

Full text

Abstract:

On May 4, 2021, an international scientific and practical conference Preservation of the cultural heritage of Russia was held in Surgut. Masters and young scientists from Russia, the USA, Northern Ireland, Spain, Italy, Estonia and Moldova took part in the conference to gain new experience and share findings of their research on the topic. The main theme stated in the name of the conference determined its theoretical and practical focus. The conference comprised two major sections — Topical issues of preserving Russian culture and Implementation of projects for the preservation of Russian cultural heritage in Russia and abroad. N. K. Murnova opened the plenary meeting with a talk about Doctor of History Tatiana Vyacheslavovna Tobolina and her contribution to the study of Russian emigration of the 20th century. Orthodox Archpriest G. A. Zavershinskiy presented his books on history and religion. One of the key ideas of his report is that the common dichotomy of East and West is no longer viable and should be rejected in favor of antinomy and analogy of cognition. K. A. Frolova representing the Department of international relations of the Orthodox Church spoke about the problem of anti-Russia prejudice and integrity of Russian culture. Delegates representing MGIMO University (Moscow, Russia) presented their reports on periodicals published by Russian emigrants, identity as a general phenomenon, local museums preserving memories of unique events in regional history. Doctor of Philosophy V. S. Glagolev turned to the dimentiality of seeing beauty depending on historical and cultural peculiarities. N. L. Krylov from the Institute of Africa of the Russian Academy of Science devoted his report to the role of women in the conservation of Russian language and traditions in Northern African countries: Russian-speaking women living in Africa manage to assimilate in their countries of residence and nevertheless preserve their Russian identity. Moreover, they take an active part in social and religious local organizations. The conference gave a platform for many other exciting reports on tourism, museology, religious art and education. It was a special joy to hear a talk by T. D. Dzenlyuk, a fourth-generation Russian emigrant, about the work of an Orthodox church in Miami, USA, and the lifestyle of Russian emigrants there. The conference was rich in fascinating reports on diverse topics and ended with a folk concert.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Patel, Sutchin, Nicholas Rotker, and Anthony Caldamone. "How a Rock Band, a Recording Company, and a Nobel Laureate Developed Computed Tomography." International Journal of Urologic History 2, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53101/ijuh.2.2.01052303.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives Computed Tomography (CT) is an indispensable element of medical care used throughout the world, and first developed for clinical use by Hounsfield in 1971. The largest source of monetary support for Hounsfield’s work was from his employer, Electrical Musical Industries, Ltd. (EMI) and, in turn, the most lucrative source of income for EMI through the 1960’s was their recording contract with the English quartet, the Beatles. The purported link between the Beatles’ productive oeuvre with EMI and Hounsfield’s discovery of CT has not been well established. We endeavored to elucidate the technological and creative talents that linked Hounsfield with EMI and the Beatles and which ultimately led to one of the greatest medical innovations of the 20th century. Methods We used GoogleScholar, PubMed, and primary sources to research the life of Godfrey Hounsfield, the history of Electric and Musical Industries, Ltd (EMI), and The Beatles in reference to the development of CT. We used the EMI Archives Trust (London), and the archives of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) UK and Ireland (London). We obtained unpublished photographs courtesy of private collections. Results EMI translated its electronic prowess during WWII into the recorded music business, purchasing Capitol Records in 1955. EMI would sign The Beatles in 1963 and EMI profits rose 80% that first year. Sir Godfrey Hounsfield began a successful scientific career with EMI in 1951. With financial support from EMI’s research division, Hounsfield began developing what would become the first CT-scanner in 1967. By directing x-ray beams through the body at 1 degree angles, with a detector rotating in tandem on the other side, he could measure the x-ray attenuation of different tissues inside the body. These values were then analyzed via a mathematical algorithm to produce a 2-dimensional image of the slice of the body. Hounsfield worked with James Ambrose, a radiologist, to conduct the first clinical CT-scan at Atkinson Morley Hospital in 1971 in a patient with a brain tumor. EMI entered the medical equipment business thereafter and heavily marketed the CT-scanner using the financial resources EMI derived from its record sales. By 1976, EMI could not produce enough CT-scanners to fill demand and ultimately would cede the medical imaging business to competitors, and devote itself to the music industry. In 1979, Hounsfield, and Allen Cormack, a South African physicist who independently theorized the basis of CT imaging, would win the Nobel Prize. Conclusions ‘Let it be’ known that it was only ‘yesterday’ when a recording company, a rock band, and a radar scientist revolutionized medical imaging with the development of computed tomography.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Schulze-Marmeling, Friederike. "»20th century Aisha«?" Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte 32, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/kize.2019.32.2.346.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hall, M. "Mortality in Ireland 1901 to 2006." British Actuarial Journal 18, no. 2 (May 10, 2013): 436–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321713000226.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractOver the course of the 20th century Ireland moved from being a largely young population with a high death rate from infectious diseases to an increasingly older population with a consequent rise in chronic diseases. Understanding the changes that occurred in Irish mortality over the 20th century and how these changes compare with those experienced by similar countries can help us plan for the challenges of our aging population. This paper analyses trends in mortality in Ireland over the period 1901 to 2006 by age group, gender and five broad categories of cause of death – infectious diseases, circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, cancer and external causes. To place the changes in an international context the trends are compared with those experienced by Northern Ireland and England and Wales. Ireland experienced the fastest improvements in mortality of the three regions in the early years of the 21st century. By 2006 the mortality of Irish males ranked between that of Northern Ireland and England and Wales while Irish females experienced the lowest mortality of the three regions. The improvement in Irish mortality in the 21st century can be attributed mainly to the drop in deaths from circulatory diseases for both males and females.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Forrest, Mary. "‘To further planting of trees’: Arbor Day in 20th century Ireland." Irish Geography 51, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55650/igj.2018.1345.

Full text

Abstract:

Arbor Day, historically devoted to tree planting, connected people with trees and left a legacy for future generations. Reports in local and national newspapers describe Arbor Days in 20th century Ireland. They were organised by The Irish Forestry Society, 1904-1923; the Department of Lands 1935-1939 and Trees for Ireland 1950- 1984, two voluntary groups and a state sponsor, in co-operation with local authorities. While the aim was to promote afforestation, in time it fostered an interest in trees in rural and, more particularly, in urban communities, what is now known as urban forestry. Arbor Days followed a similar format with speeches by local politicians and clergy referencing the social, sometimes nationalistic role of trees, followed by tree planting by them and young people. The inculcation of a life-long interest in trees in young people was obvious in each period. Planting in school or college grounds, though evident throughout the periods under consideration, was most pronounced from 1935-1939. In the period 1952-1984, the sites selected in Dublin were located in developing suburbs or large public housing schemes. Arbor Day was adopted by local community groups who also organised tree planting. Arbor Day in Ireland mirrored Arbor Day in the US and Australia. There is little evidence to suggest that Arbor Day furthered afforestation. However, it was a valuable environmental and educational initiative in periods of political and economic change in 20th century Ireland. Arbor Day foreshadowed environmental initiatives current in 21st century Ireland and worldwide.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Quinn, Dermot. "Popular Catholicism in 20th Century Ireland: Locality, Identity and Culture." History: Reviews of New Books 46, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2018.1490529.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Wilson, Robin. "The 20th Century." Mathematical Intelligencer 42, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-019-09956-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Fogler, Karen, and Mala Hoffman. "Exploring 20th Century History through Photographs." Gifted Child Today 17, no. 3 (May 1994): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107621759401700313.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Westheimer, Gerald. "Gestalt theory in 20th-century history." Journal of Vision 23, no. 8 (August 24, 2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.8.14.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Atiyah, Michael. "Mathematics in the 20th century." NTM International Journal of History and Ethics of Natural Sciences, Technology and Medicine 10, no. 1-3 (September 2002): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03033096.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Walsh, Dermot. "The lunatic asylums of Ireland 1825-1839." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 25, no. 4 (December 2008): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700011307.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractObjectives: By the early 19th century the social manifestations of psychiatric disorder had become a matter of public and parliamentary pre-occupation in Ireland. This concern led to legislative provision for the establishment of a national system of district lunatic asylums. This paper describes some details of the early foundation of this system.Method: Examination of House of Commons papers on the lunatic asylums of Ireland 1835-1839.Results: Details are presented concerning the activities, numbers of residents, admissions and costs of the 11 asylums in operation by 1839.Conclusions: By 1839 the operational, administrative and cultural characteristics of a national asylum system that would take another half century to complete and would extend well into the 20th century had been established.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Westfall, Catherine. "Reimagining 20th-Century Physics." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 50, no. 1-2 (April 2020): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2020.50.1-2.209.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

КАРСАНОВА, Е. В. "THE NOTIONS OF ONE’S OWN AND OTHERS’ IN A NATIONAL CONTEXT." Kavkaz-forum, no. 9(16) (March 28, 2022): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2022.16.9.003.

Full text

Abstract:

Большое значение при общении и построении отношений в любой сфере – академической, профессионально-трудовой, личной – имеют как личностные качества индивида, так и особенности мышления, поведения, различные установки и культурные приоритеты, обусловленные национально-этнической принадлежностью человека. Для каждой нации характерен определенный набор качеств, наиболее тесно ассоциирующихся с ней в представлении других народов и в ее собственном восприятии себя. Весьма интересной нацией в плане изучения различных аспектов национального менталитета являются англичане. В статье рассматриваются особенности восприятия англичанами первой четверти 20 века ‘себя’ и их отношение к ‘чужим’, то есть к представителям других национальностей, на основе диалогов и полилогов персонажей британского историко-драматического телесериала Downton Abbey (6 сезонов, 52 серии). В общей сложности проанализировано около 30 речевых отрывков, в которых фигурируют – чаще в разговоре, реже в качестве действующих лиц – представители следующих национальностей и упоминаются следующие страны: американцы / США, французы, Швейцария, Ирландия / ирландцы, Турция / турки, Россия / русские, евреи, Германия / немцы, итальянцы. К иностранцам отношение у англичан корректное, тактичное, но почти всегда, независимо от конкретной национальной принадлежности последних – снисходительное, с оттенком собственного превосходства. Для англичан характерно весьма почтительное, трепетное отношение ко всему, что олицетворяет их страну, связано с их историей, культурой, языком. Высокий уровень национального самосознания отмечается в работе как фактор, вытекающий из исторического прошлого страны, и необходимый для сохранения идентичности любой нации. Of great importance in communication and building relationships in any sphere – academic, vocational, or private – are both the individual’s personal qualities and the peculiarities of thinking and behaviour, as well as various attitudes and cultural priorities, stemming from the national and ethnic identity of a person. Each nation is characterized by a specific set of qualities that are most closely associated with them as perceived by other peoples and in their own self-perception. The English are a very interesting nation to explore various aspects of their national mentality. The article deals with the peculiarities of the English perception of 'themselves' in the first quarter of the 20th century and their attitude towards 'others', that is, to representatives of other nationalities. The research is based on the dialogues and polylogues of the characters of the British historical drama television series Downton Abbey (6 seasons, 52 episodes). In total, about 30 speech passages have been analyzed, in which representatives of the following nationalities appear – more frequently in conversation, less often as characters – and the following countries are mentioned: the Americans / the USA, the French, Switzerland, Ireland / the Irish, Turkey / the Turks, Russia / the Russians, the Jews, Germany / the Germans, the Italians. The British have a correct, tactful attitude towards foreigners, but most of the time, regardless of a particular nationality of the latters, it is condescending and superior. The English are characterized by a very respectful, reverent attitude towards everything that epitomizes their country and is connected with their history, culture, and language. A high level of national identity has been noted in the work as a factor arising from the historical past of the country, and the one required to preserve the identity of any nation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Mokyr, Joel, and Elizabeth Malcolm. ""Ireland Sober, Ireland Free": Drink and Temperance in Nineteenth-Century Ireland." American Historical Review 92, no. 3 (June 1987): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1869963.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Altschuler, Glenn C. "Urban Religion’s 20th-Century Renaissance." Reviews in American History 49, no. 1 (2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2021.0007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Friedel, Robert. "Engineering in the 20th Century." Technology and Culture 27, no. 4 (October 1986): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105321.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Wilson, Robin. "The Early 20th Century." Mathematical Intelligencer 42, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-019-09942-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

O'Riordan, Timothy. "Ecology in the 20th century: a history." International Affairs 66, no. 1 (January 1990): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622225.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mason, Herbert J., and Anna Bramwell. "Ecology in the 20th Century: A History." Taxon 40, no. 3 (August 1991): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223244.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Sheail, J., and A. Bramwell. "Ecology in the 20th Century: A History." Journal of Ecology 77, no. 3 (September 1989): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Probert, R. "The History of 20th-Century Family Law." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqi009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Sterling, Christopher. "CBQ review essay:Cryptography in 20th‐century history." Communication Booknotes Quarterly 30, no. 3 (June 1999): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10948009909361621.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!