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Journal articles on the topic 'Ireland, history'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Elements and Czar Sepe. "Ireland Reimagined." Elements 17, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/eurj.v17i1.14895.

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Ireland's decade of centenaries (2012-2022) commemorates historial milestones that led to the country's independence from Great Britain and the creation of the Republic of Ireland. However, since the advent of the Irish nation, its history has always been a contested space - where opposing political social, and cultural groups negotiate between historical narratives - to lay claim to a 'true' Irish history. This paper presents the competing historiographies involved in the Irish government's decade of centenaries and identifies the socio-political agenda behind state commemorations. A historical analysis of the commemorations that took place in the 2010s proves that socio-political considerations factored in the way Ireland's founding was portrayed by the Government, the public, and civil society. Overall, this paper concluded that the Irish Government's chief aims were to strike a conciliatory tone with northern Ireland, 'crowd-out' opposing historical narratives, and project Ireland's economic progress through the irish proclamation. Neverthless, academic historians and the public intervened in this negotiation to create reimagined histories of Ireland.

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2

Shonk, Kenneth L. "“Help, Given in a Disinterested Manner”." Radical History Review 2022, no. 143 (May 1, 2022): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-9566090.

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Abstract Documents contained in the Department of Foreign Affairs files in the National Archives of Ireland reveal that many global anticolonial nationalists visited Ireland in the 1950s and 1960s. These files elucidate efforts by nationalists from Africa and Asia to emulate Ireland’s nation-building frameworks including its constitution, housing and charitable programs, educational structures, and burgeoning industries. This article uses these documents to examine hitherto unstudied aspects of Ireland’s place within larger transnational intellectual networks. This paper adds greater nuance to Jean-François Bayart’s thesis of extraversion by demonstrating that African and Asian anticolonial nationalists consciously and explicitly looked to Ireland as a model for nation-building. Emerging nations in the 1950s and 1960s sent representatives to Ireland to study the nation’s economic and political frameworks, in turn offering a space for a dialogic experience in which the emulation of Ireland was extraversion in a positive sense.

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3

CANNY, NICHOLAS. "Historians, moral judgement and national communities: the Irish dilemma." European Review 14, no. 3 (June 8, 2006): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279870600041x.

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This paper treats of the peculiarity of the Irish case. Professionalization of history came late to Ireland, and when it did happen, it was with a view to overcoming the inter-denominational and inter-communal point scoring that had energized most previous writing of Ireland's history. In tracing the further development of the history profession in Ireland, the paper alludes to the extent to which the posing of new questions and the employment of new methods were motivated by historical developments elsewhere in the western academic world. The outbreak of civil conflict in Northern Ireland inspired a new phase of introspective writing about Irish identity, sometimes given the semblance of universality through the invocation of post-colonial theory. This writing was usually presented in historical format, was composed mostly by academics employed by literature and social science departments, and was severely critical of what they described as the historical revisionism in which most professional historians in Ireland were believed to have engaged. It concludes with a consideration of how historians responded both to the challenge to their integrity and to various pressures to become more judgemental in writing about Ireland's past.

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4

Leerssen, Joep, and Terry Eagleton. "Theory, History and Ireland." Irish Review (1986-), no. 17/18 (1995): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/29735790.

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5

Walsh, Paul V., Thomas Bartlett, and Keith Jeffrey. "Military History of Ireland." Journal of Military History 60, no. 4 (October 1996): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944668.

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6

Foster, Sarah, Brian P. Kennedy, and Raymond Gillespie. "Ireland: Art into History." Circa, no. 71 (1995): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25562792.

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7

Grubgeld, Elizabeth. "Memoirs of Sight Loss from Post-Independence Ireland." Irish University Review 47, no. 2 (November 2017): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2017.0280.

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Life writing by disabled people in Ireland during the post-independence period constitutes a culturally specific narrative emphasizing the relationship between disability and class and the shaping forces of social and geographical insularity. Because of the often contentious history of activist blind workers in Ireland, as well as the ongoing association between ocular impairments and Ireland's political and economic history, memoirs of sight loss provide a particularly rich field of inquiry into the relationship among disability, class, and the impact of colonialism. Key to this investigation are Sean O'Casey's I Knock at the Door (1939) and Joe Bollard's memoir of mid-century Ireland Out of Sight (1998).

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8

Lydon, James. "Historical revisit: Edmund Curtis, A history of medieval Ireland (1923, 1938)." Irish Historical Studies 31, no. 124 (November 1999): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400014401.

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These verses were written by the Irish poet to express his grief at the impact of the Williamite victory at the battle of the Boyne and all that followed for Ireland. They were chosen two hundred years later by the historian Edmund Curtis to make clear his attitude towards Ireland’s past. In 1923, just after home rule was secured for what was officially known as Saorstát Éireann (Irish Free State), he published his history of medieval Ireland, and where a dedication would normally be printed he inserted ‘The Absentee Lordship’ and followed it with these verses. In doing this, Curtis left no doubt that in his view medieval Ireland was a lordship wrongfully attached to the English crown and that it should rightfully have been a kingdom under its own native dynastic ruler. For this he was subsequently denounced as unhistorical, and to this day, especially in the view of the so-called revisionists, he is commonly regarded as not only out of date, but dangerous as well. It was argued that Curtis used the medieval past to justify the emergence of a self-governing state in Ireland. To quote just one example, Steven Ellis, the best of the medieval revisionists, wrote in 1987 that ‘historians like Edmund Curtis concentrated on such topics as friction between the Westminster and Dublin governments, the Gaelic revival, the Great Earl uncrowned king of Ireland, the blended race and the fifteenth-century home rule movement’.

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DOLAN, THOMAS. "MAYNOOTH, HISTORY, AND THE INTELLECTUAL ORIGINS OF JOHN HUME'S POLITICAL THINKING." Historical Journal 62, no. 4 (October 29, 2018): 1045–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x18000390.

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AbstractVisions of history, Irish and otherwise, ancient and modern, critically inflected through St Patrick's College, Maynooth, the National Roman Catholic Seminary of Ireland, are central to John Hume's intellectual formation. This can be dated back to his experiences as a seminarian at St Patrick's during the mid-1950s – particularly his schooling in history under Tomás Ó Fiaich – long before the ideological gestation suggested in the existing literature. There the emphases are on the wider evolution of nationalist politics in Northern Ireland during the mid-1960s, as opposed to Hume's early intellectual biography. Thus, a wider context to his influential thought is suggested, one supplied by a discourse on the concept of patriotism evolving amongst Ireland's Catholic intelligentsia during the 1950s, indicative of the modernization of Catholic thought on the island in the era preceding the convening of the Second Vatican Council in 1962. Yet the article also situates Hume's once-progressive mode of nationalist ideology within a much older tradition of Catholic loyalism in Ireland. The conspicuously Platonic dimension of his thinking is likewise observed, facilitating a conceptually driven exploration of the relationship between Hume's vision of his native walled city of Derry, and of that larger partitioned entity, Northern Ireland.

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HANNA, ERIKA, and RICHARD BUTLER. "Irish urban history: an agenda." Urban History 46, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926818000196.

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Modern Irish history is urban history. It is a story of the transferral of a populace from rural settlements to small towns and cities; of the discipline and regulation of society through new urban spaces; of the creation of capital through the construction of buildings and the sale of property. The history of Ireland has been overwhelmingly the history of land, but too often the emphasis has been on the field rather than the street, and on the small farmer instead of the urban shopkeeper. But the same questions of property run throughout Irish urban history from the early modern period to the contemporary, as speculators, businesses and government have attempted to convert land into profit, creating new buildings, streets and spaces, and coming into conflict with each other and other vested interests. Indeed, as recent work on Irish cities has shown, a turn to the urban history of Ireland provides a framework and a methodology for writing a textured and complex history of Ireland's distinctive engagement with modernity.

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Allen, Adrian, Jimena Guerrero, Andrew Byrne, John Lavery, Eleanor Presho, Emily Courcier, James O'Keeffe, et al. "Genetic evidence further elucidates the history and extent of badger introductions from Great Britain into Ireland." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 4 (April 2020): 200288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200288.

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The colonization of Ireland by mammals has been the subject of extensive study using genetic methods and forms a central problem in understanding the phylogeography of European mammals after the Last Glacial Maximum. Ireland exhibits a depauperate mammal fauna relative to Great Britain and continental Europe, and a range of natural and anthropogenic processes have given rise to its modern fauna. Previous Europe-wide surveys of the European badger ( Meles meles ) have found conflicting microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA evidence in Irish populations, suggesting Irish badgers have arisen from admixture between human imported British and Scandinavian animals. The extent and history of contact between British and Irish badger populations remains unclear. We use comprehensive genetic data from Great Britain and Ireland to demonstrate that badgers in Ireland's northeastern and southeastern counties are genetically similar to contemporary British populations. Simulation analyses suggest this admixed population arose in Ireland 600–700 (CI 100–2600) years before present most likely through introduction of British badgers by people. These findings add to our knowledge of the complex colonization history of Ireland by mammals and the central role of humans in facilitating it.

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12

Daly, M. E. "Ireland." English Historical Review 119, no. 482 (June 1, 2004): 821–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/119.482.821.

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13

Sleeman, Andrew G. "The Palaeontological Collections of The Geological Survey Of Ireland." Geological Curator 5, no. 7 (February 1992): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc679.

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The origin of the Geological Survey of Ireland's Palaeontological Collections dates back to the launch of a geological survey by the Ordnance Survey of Ireland in 1825. The history of geological mapping by the Ordnance Survey and later in the nineteenth century by the Geological Survey of Ireland has been covered in detail by Berries Davies (1983); only a brief appraisal of this history, based largely on Davies' work, is given here, as it relates to the formation and growth of the Palaeontological Collections.

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14

Kirwan, Adrian. "Shaping Communications: The Development of the National Telegraph Network in Ireland, 1850–70." Technology and Culture 64, no. 4 (October 2023): 1185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2023.a911000.

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abstract: Despite Ireland's centrality to transatlantic telegraphic communication and as an integral part of the United Kingdom, telegraphy on the island is often merely a footnote in the scholarship. Yet telegraphy had a significant impact in Ireland, accelerating internal and external communication times. This article provides the first comprehensive study of telegraphy's expansion, from its arrival in Ireland in the 1850s until the eve of nationalization in 1870. It shows how Ireland's geographical position as a telegraphic gateway to North America, the heavy integration of Ireland's economy into Britain after 1853, and the relationship between telegraphy and the rail network shaped Irish telegraphy in unique ways.

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Burns, Niamh. "Supporting the Barrister Profession in Northern Ireland: 100 Years and Counting." Legal Information Management 22, no. 3 (September 2022): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669622000275.

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AbstractThis article by Niamh Burns, Senior Manager for Library & Member Support Services at the Bar of Northern Ireland, provides a brief overview of the history of the Bar of Northern Ireland and an explanation of the Bar Library model and the services it provides. She provides an insight into some of the current issues facing the barrister profession in Northern Ireland, then focuses on what the Bar of Northern Ireland's Library & Information Service is doing to support members of the Bar Library in meeting some of their challenges.

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Gannon, Darragh. "Addressing the Irish world: Éamon de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ as a global case study." Irish Historical Studies 44, no. 165 (May 2020): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2020.4.

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AbstractWriting in Nationalist revolutionaries in Ireland, 1858–1928, Tom Garvin observed that ‘well over 40 per cent, perhaps 50 per cent, had lived outside Ireland for considerable periods … foreign experience was very important in the development of the leaders’. The impact of ‘foreign experience’ on leading nationalist revolutionaries, this article submits, pace Garvin, could have proved influential in the development of the Irish Revolution more widely. Between June 1919 and December 1920, Éamon de Valera toured the United States. From New York City to Salt Lake City, Alabama to Montana, the self-proclaimed president of the Irish republic addressed ‘Ireland’ in hundreds of interviews and speeches. Of these myriad public statements, his Cuban missive, notably, crossed national boundaries. Comparing Ireland's geo-strategic relationship with Great Britain to that of Cuba and the United States, de Valera's argument for an independent Irish republic was made in the Americas. How did de Valera's movement across the U.S. alter his political views of Ireland? How were presentations of de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ mediated across the ‘Irish world’? How did discourse on the Monroe Doctrine inform Anglo-Irish negotiations between Truce and Treaty? Exploring de Valera's ‘Cuban policy’ as global case study, this article concludes, ultimately, can shift the historiographical significance of ‘foreign experience’ from nationalist revolutionaries in Ireland to the flows and circulation of transnational revolution.

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17

Fitzpatrick, David. "‘That beloved country, that no place else resembles’: connotations of Irishness in Irish-Australasian letters, 1841–1915." Irish Historical Studies 27, no. 108 (November 1991): 324–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400018010.

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Historians of Ireland continue to place exceptional reliance on the ‘cultural’ explanation of economic, social and political behaviour. In many cases, appeal to supposedly common characteristics of ‘the Irish’ has provided a glib substitute for more rigorous analysis of the interaction between mentality and performance. The nature of Irish ethnicity is postulated rather than explained or demonstrated, so that arguments incorporating such postulates stand or fall according to the plausibility rather than documentation of the writer’s vision of ‘Irishness’. A recent and beguiling example is Joseph Lee’s postulate of the ‘begrudger mentality’, whereby Ireland’s relatively poor economic performance is attributed to this supposedly ‘direct inheritance from . . . traditional Ireland’. Lee sketches an anatomy of ‘traditional Ireland’ which might have generated envy rather than healthy competitiveness, and proceeds to develop with far more elaboration consequences which might have arisen from begrudgery. What he fails to demonstrate is the actual prevalence of this ‘mentality’ in either ‘traditional’ or ‘modern’ Ireland: this we must accept, either intuitively (if Irish) or on trust (if foreign). The logical crudity of this form of explanation calls to mind the corner-cutting of nationalist myth-makers and folklorists.

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18

Cosgrove, Art. "The writing of Irish medieval history." Irish Historical Studies 27, no. 106 (November 1990): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400018253.

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This paper has been prompted by two recent articles in Irish Historical Studies. Both are by distinguished historians from outside Ireland — Professor Michael Richter from Germany (to which he has recently returned) and Dr Steven G. Ellis from England — who have spent many years teaching in the history departments of University College, Dublin, and University College, Galway, respectively. Their different backgrounds and experiences enable them to bring fresh perspectives to bear upon the history of medieval Ireland and have led them to question some traditional assumptions about the Irish past. Here I should confess that coming as I do from Northern Ireland I am something of an outsider myself, and my own origin and background must inevitably influence my interpretation of the past.Professor Richter took the opportunity granted by a review of an important collection of essays to challenge ‘the unquestioned assumption that the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland marked a turning point in Irish history’. Arguing that the event should be seen in a wider context, both geographical and chronological, he suggested that a close parallel to the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland is provided by the German expansion into western Slav territories and that a comparison with the Scandinavian impact in the three centuries prior to 1169 would help to get the importance of the English in medieval Ireland into perspective.

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19

Perceval-Maxwell, M. "Ireland and the Monarchy in the Early Stuart Multiple Kingdom." Historical Journal 34, no. 2 (June 1991): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0001414x.

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Ireland's position as a kingdom in early modern Europe was, in some respects, unique, and this eccentricity sheds light upon the complexity of governing a multiple kingdom during the seventeenth century. The framework for looking at the way Ireland operated as a kingdom is provided, first by an article by Conrad Russell on ‘The British problem and the English civil war’ and secondly by an article by H. G. Koenigsberger entitled ‘Monarchies and parliaments in early modern Europe – dominium regale or dominium politicum et regale’. Russell listed six problems that faced multiple kingdoms: resentment at the king's absence, disposal of offices, sharing of war costs, trade and colonies, foreign intervention and religion. Koenigsberger used Sir John Fortescue's two phrases of the 1470s to distinguish between constitutional, or limited monarchies, and more authoritarian ones during the early modern period. Both these contributions are valuable in looking at the way the monarchy operated in Ireland because the application of the constitution there was deeply influenced by Ireland's position as part of a multiple kingdom and because Englishmen, looking at Ireland, wanted her to be like England, but, at the same time, did not wish her to exercise the type of independence that they claimed for England.

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20

Zách, Lili. "‘The first of the small nations’: the significance of central European small states in Irish nationalist political rhetoric, 1918–22." Irish Historical Studies 44, no. 165 (May 2020): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2020.3.

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AbstractOffering new insights into Irish links with the wider world, this article explores and contextualises Irish nationalist perceptions of and links with central European small states in the immediate aftermath of the First World War. The belief that any small nation like Ireland, oppressed by a dominant neighbour, had the right to self-determination was of key importance in nationalist political rhetoric during the revolutionary years. Given the similarity of circumstances among newly independent small states, Irish commentators were aware of the struggles Ireland shared with the successors of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Personal encounters on the continent, as well as news regarding small nations in central Europe, shaped Irish opinions of the region. Certainly, the images presented by Irish commentators reflected their own political agendas and were therefore often deliberately idealistic. Nonetheless, they served a specific purpose as they were meant to further Ireland's interest on the international stage. Looking beyond Ireland for lessons and examples to follow became a frequent part of Irish nationalist political rhetoric. By directing scholarly attention to a hitherto less explored aspect of Irish historiography, this article aims to highlight the complexity of Ireland's connection with the continent within the framework of small nations, from a transnational perspective.

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21

Rudin, Ronald, and Eberhard Bort. "Commemorating Ireland: History, Politics, Culture." Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 32, no. 1 (2006): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25515621.

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22

Griffin, William D., T. W. Moody, and W. E. Vaughan. "A New History of Ireland." American Historical Review 92, no. 4 (October 1987): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1864011.

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23

Clayton, Keith, K. J. Edwards, and W. P. Warren. "The Quaternary History of Ireland." Geographical Journal 152, no. 2 (July 1986): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/634774.

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24

Whelan, Yvonne. "Commemorating Ireland: History, Politics, Culture." European History Quarterly 35, no. 4 (October 2005): 583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691405056881.

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25

Lake, Robert J. "Sport & Ireland: A History." International Journal of the History of Sport 36, no. 17-18 (November 14, 2019): 1643–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2019.1683795.

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26

Elliott, Marianne. "A new history of Ireland." Irish Historical Studies 25, no. 100 (November 1987): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400025104.

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The travail of the mountains has finally ended with the publication of the long-awaited second volume of A new history of Ireland, almost two decades after its inception. By a curious coincidence Clarendon has simultaneously published the second volume of the History of Wales (R.R. Davies, Conquest, coexistence and change: Wales, 1063-1415). A comparison is therefore not only inevitable, it is revealing. The Welsh volume is carefully integrated and closely written, whereas its Irish counterpart lumbers along camel-like with sometimes distressingly little co-ordination: where Davies contains his narrative within a tight conceptual framework, the latter is constructed on a traditional narrative scheme that consumes half of the text. The difference is due in part to the probably insurmountable difficulty of integrating the labours of nineteen contributors, but part of the problem arises from the rigidity of the scheme into which their labours are compressed.

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Fitzpatrick, Claire. "A labour history of Ireland." Irish Studies Review 21, no. 3 (August 2013): 358–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670882.2013.828488.

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McDowell, Matthew L. "Sport & Ireland: a history." Irish Studies Review 25, no. 2 (February 23, 2017): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670882.2017.1295796.

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Cohen, Eliot A., Thomas Bartlett, and Keith Jeffrey. "A Military History of Ireland." Foreign Affairs 76, no. 2 (1997): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20047978.

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Escarbelt, Bernard. "The Natural History of Ireland." Études irlandaises, no. 35-1 (June 30, 2010): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesirlandaises.1924.

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31

Staunton, Michael, Michelle O. Riordan, James Quinn, and Erika Hanna. "The Cambridge history of Ireland." Studia Hibernica 45 (September 2019): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sh.2019.6.

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32

Meier, Katherine. "A Short History of Ireland." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 21, no. 6 (April 2014): 941–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2014.892718.

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Coxon, P. "The quaternary history of Ireland." Earth-Science Reviews 24, no. 2 (April 1987): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(87)90021-3.

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van der Meer, J. J. M. "The Quaternary history of Ireland." Quaternary Science Reviews 4, no. 4 (1985): vii—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(85)90009-5.

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35

Anderson, Bradford A. "Ireland and the Old Testament: Transmission, Translation, and Unexpected Influence." Journal of the Bible and its Reception 5, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 141–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbr-2018-0002.

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Abstract In spite of Ireland’s rich and complex religious history, the influence of the Old Testament in the shaping of the island is often overlooked. This study traces the use and reception of the Old Testament in Ireland through the centuries, focusing on stories of transmission, translation, and unexpected influence. In early Christian and medieval Ireland, the transmission of the Old Testament in diverse contexts points to an important role for the Old Testament in relation to social formation and notions of Irish history. Moving to early modern Ireland, the story of the translation of the Old Testament into Irish demonstrates how this collection contributed to contested issues of identity in this highly-charged era. Finally, we encounter stories of unexpected influence relating to Ireland and the Old Testament in James Ussher and John Nelson Darby. In both cases, ideas concerning the Old Testament that took shape in Ireland would go on to have impact on a global scale, even if this subsequent influence was a matter of accidence. Taken together, it is argued that the Old Testament has played a much more prominent role in the shaping of the social, cultural, and religious landscape of Ireland than is often assumed.

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SIOCHRÚ, MICHEÁL Ó. "THE DUKE OF LORRAINE AND THE INTERNATIONAL STRUGGLE FOR IRELAND, 1649–1653." Historical Journal 48, no. 4 (December 2005): 905–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004851.

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Ireland's status as a kingdom or as a colony continues to influence the historiographical debate about the country's relationship with the wider world during the early modern period. Interest in the continent is almost exclusively focused on exiles and migrants, rather than on diplomatic developments. Yet during the 1640s confederate Catholics in Ireland pursued an independent foreign policy, maintaining resident agents abroad, and receiving diplomats in Kilkenny. Following the execution of Charles I in 1649, they sought foreign assistance in their struggle against Oliver Cromwell. In alliance with the exiled House of Stuart, Irish Catholics looked to Charles IV, duke of Lorraine, as a potential saviour. For three years the duke encouraged negotiations in Galway, Paris, and Brussels. He despatched vital military supplies to Ireland, and attempted on at least one occasion to transport troops there from the Low Countries. Although his intervention ultimately failed to turn the tide of the war in Ireland, the English parliamentarians nevertheless believed he posed a serious threat. This detailed study of the duke's role, in the international struggle for Ireland during the early 1650s, largely ignored until now, helps to place the crises of the three Stuart kingdoms in their broader European context.

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37

Gibney, John. "Select document: A discourse of Ireland, 1695." Irish Historical Studies 34, no. 136 (November 2005): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400006428.

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Ireland’s political and constitutional relationship to England remains a key theme of late medieval and early modern Irish history. Although it was a relationship in which Ireland was undoubtedly the subordinate kingdom, contemporary justifications for this subordination, and assertions of its basis, are often overshadowed by arguments directed against its validity. The text reproduced below is an assertion of that validity. It offers a highly selective analysis of English policy in Ireland from the twelfth century to the end of the seventeenth, based upon the assumption of Ireland’s legal and constitutional subordination to England. More particularly, it seeks to outline attitudes among the Protestant colonial community towards Ireland’s status, and does so at a precise juncture when such attitudes were deemed to be of imminent and crucial importance.

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Cramsie, John. "A New History of Ireland I: Prehistoric and Early Ireland." History: Reviews of New Books 34, no. 3 (March 2006): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2006.10526868.

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Daly, Mary E. "Review: A New History of Ireland VII. Ireland 1921–84." Irish Economic and Social History 31, no. 1 (June 2004): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248930403100145.

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40

Walsh, Barbara. "Chain store retailing in Ireland: a case study of F.W. Woolworth & Co. Ltd, 1914-2008." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 6, no. 1 (February 11, 2014): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-06-2013-0029.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a view of how a retail chain store and its marketing strategies impacted on shopping habits in twentieth century Ireland. Design/methodology/approach – Primary and secondary sources include company documents, oral history and press reports. Background social, political and economic factors are considered in conjunction with the methods this firm used to build customer-driven managed marketing systems and teams of good staff relationships. Findings – Woolworth's Irish stores responded to changing tastes and needs of consumers throughout Ireland. The Irish market required skilful techniques to overcome widening divisions within customer profiles to accommodate increasing north-south and urban-rural patterns. Welcomed by shoppers of all ages and genders, this firm's contribution to Ireland's retailing and wider commercial scene was innovative, popular, flexible and influential. Originality/value – The overview of this well-known retail chain store's experience in twentieth century Ireland can provide scholars with building blocks on which to expand knowledge and develop further understanding of a largely un-tapped field of research within the history of marketing in Ireland.

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Faherty, Roisin, Karen Nolan, Keith Quille, Brett Becker, and Elizabeth Oldham. "Brief History of K-12 Computer Science Education in Ireland." International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21585/ijcses.v6i1.148.

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This paper brings together the history of Computer Science Education in Ireland. It aims to plot Ireland's road-map leading to the implementation of formal Computer Science Education in schools. This road map starts with the first notions of introducing secondary school children to computing in the 1970s up to the roll out of a nationwide Computer Science curriculum in secondary school at the Senior Cycle level in 2018. This story is only available in disparate publications and reports, and piecing together the entire story is often difficult especially if you are from another jurisdiction and unfamiliar with the Irish education system. This paper collates the available literature as well as the authors local knowledge of the process, into one usable form that may be of interest locally and of value to other jurisdictions that are beginning their planning of national or regional curricula. This paper describes the development and the current situation of the formal curricula and standards in Computer Science at second level. The current landscape of Computing Education at primary level, which is currently in the planning stages in Ireland, will also be described. Additionally, an investigation into the current landscape of Computing Education in schools in the international jurisdictions that directly influenced the Irish roll out takes place, to evaluate their progress and summarize any lessons learned that might provide insights for Ireland going forward

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TOWNSHEND, C. "Modern Ireland." Twentieth Century British History 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/12.1.106.

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Ludington, Charles C. "Between Myth and Margin: The Huguenots in Irish History*." Historical Research 73, no. 180 (February 1, 2000): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00091.

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Abstract This article surveys the modern historiography of the Huguenots in Ireland. As victims of religious persecution, but also as Protestants, the historiography of the Huguenots in Ireland provides an excellent barometer for measuring contemporary political and historiographical concerns within Ireland. In the long and arduous struggles over Irish identity, religion and political control, the Huguenots have been used by some historians to represent heroic Protestant victims of Catholic, absolutist tyranny, and the prosperity‐inducing values of Protestant dissent. Alternatively, they have been overlooked as inconsequential bit‐players in the clear cultural and political divide between Saxon and Celt. In post‐1920 Ireland, they have also represented the legitimacy of southern Irish Protestantism. More recently, professional historians have attempted to examine the Huguenot refugee communities in Ireland with no preconceived notions or political points of view. This approach has proved fruitful. Nevertheless, by representing European connections in Irish history and cultural diversity within Irish society at a time when these issues are debated throughout the island, the Huguenots in Ireland remain a potent political symbol.

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REID, COLIN. "STEPHEN GWYNN AND THE FAILURE OF CONSTITUTIONAL NATIONALISM IN IRELAND, 1919–1921." Historical Journal 53, no. 3 (August 17, 2010): 723–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x10000269.

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ABSTRACTThe Irish Party, the organization which represented the constitutional nationalist demand for home rule for almost fifty years in Westminster, was the most notable victim of the revolution in Ireland, c. 1916–23. Most of the last generation of Westminster-centred home rule MPs played little part in public life following the party's electoral destruction in 1918. This article probes the political thought and actions of one of the most prominent constitutional nationalists who did seek to alter Ireland's direction during the critical years of the war of independence. Stephen Gwynn was a guiding figure behind a number of initiatives to ‘save’ Ireland from the excesses of revolution. Gwynn established the Irish Centre Party in 1919, which later merged with the Irish Dominion League. From the end of 1919, Gwynn became a leading advocate of the Government of Ireland Bill, the legislation that partitioned the island. Revolutionary idealism – and, more concretely, violence – did much to render his reconciliatory efforts impotent. Gwynn's experiences between 1919 and 1921 also, however, reveal the paralysing divisions within constitutional nationalism, which did much to demoralize moderate sentiment further.

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Kelly, Marie, Siobhán O’Gorman, and Áine Phillips. "Performing Ireland: Now, then, now …" Scene 8, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/scene_00020_1.

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This article offers a comprehensive, research-informed reflection on the contents of the Special Double Issue of Scene, ‘Performance and Ireland’, conceptualized within a sense of looped temporalities (now, then, now), a concept borrowed from Irish multidisciplinary performance company, ANU Productions. From the perspectives of performance studies and visual culture, we connect and contextualize for an international readership articles concerning such topics as: Ireland’s colonial history; race, ethnicity and racism in relation to Ireland; performing the Irish diaspora; feminist activism; performing LGBTQ+ identities; the Troubles and the border in Northern Ireland; Ireland as a global brand; the Gaelic Athletics Association (GAA); and artistic engagements with hidden histories. This introductory article provides an overview of the discourses on performance studies and Ireland to date, and draws on theories of performance as they intersect with Irish studies, postcolonialism, commemoration and gender and sexuality, to situate the volume within pertinent contemporary and historical contexts from the Irish Famine (1845–49) to Covid-19. ‘Performing Ireland’ in the context of the current pandemic is considered specifically towards the end of the article.

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Rodden, John. "“The lever must be applied in Ireland”: Marx, Engels, and the Irish Question." Review of Politics 70, no. 4 (2008): 609–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003467050800079x.

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AbstractThis article integrates economic and social history, biography, and political theory as it explores how the personal ties of Marx and Engels to Ireland stamped their thought. Marx and Engels struggled to integrate Ireland into their theory of revolution, conceptualizing it as a “special case” of capitalist accumulation, a formulation partly motivated by their human sympathies for the Irish (especially strong in the case of Engels and Marx's daughters). Extended attention in this essay is thus devoted to the special place of Ireland in Marxist theory and praxis, which is pursued on two interconnected research fronts: Ireland's anomalous role in Marx's revolutionary vision and the Irish people's prominent role in the lives of Marx and Engels. While Marx's primary aim was always to capture the citadels of capitalism such as Great Britain, he and Engels concluded in the late 1860s that the thrust could not be administered frontally: they would have to strike at England's soft underbelly – Ireland. Throughout the life of the First International (1864–72), Ireland's place in Marx's strategic vision moved to the center, transforming Ireland into the “lever” of a European-wide revolution. For a half decade in the late 1860s to the early 1870s, Marx and Engels invested the Irish peasantry with this decisive geopolitical role; soon thereafter, their conception of Ireland's theoretical significance altered and dissolved alongside their fading hopes for a European socialist revolution.

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Lydon, Andrea. "Source – Uncovering Stories of Art in Ireland: digitizing Irish art research collections in the National Gallery of Ireland." Art Libraries Journal 45, no. 2 (April 2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/alj.2020.3.

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In 2017 the National Gallery of Ireland was awarded funding from the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (DCHG) for the development of an online resource, focusing on its Irish art research collections. Entitled Source – Uncovering Stories of Art in Ireland, this multi-annual project aims to catalogue and digitise the collections in the ESB CSIA and ensure that these valuable collections relating to Ireland's artistic history and memory are preserved and can be easily accessed by researchers. Now in its penultimate year, Source will be launched in 2021.

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Mokyr, Joel, and Elizabeth Malcolm. ""Ireland Sober, Ireland Free": Drink and Temperance in Nineteenth-Century Ireland." American Historical Review 92, no. 3 (June 1987): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1869963.

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Etchingham, C. "A New History of Ireland. Vol. I: Prehistoric and Early Ireland." English Historical Review CXXII, no. 498 (September 1, 2007): 1023–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cem220.

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MORROW, JOHN. "THOMAS CARLYLE, ‘YOUNG IRELAND’ AND THE ‘CONDITION OF IRELAND QUESTION’*." Historical Journal 51, no. 3 (September 2008): 643–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0800695x.

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ABSTRACTThis article reconsiders Thomas Carlyle's views on the crisis facing Ireland in the 1840s and British responses to it. It argues that while Carlyle saw this crisis as being related to difficulties facing contemporary ‘English’ society, he treated it as a distinctive manifestation of a malaise that afflicted all European societies. Carlyle's views on Ireland reflected the illiberal and authoritarian attitudes which underwrote his social and political thought, but they were not, as has sometimes been suggested, premised on anti-Irish prejudices derived from racial stereotypes. An examination of Carlyle's writings on Ireland demonstrate that he attributed the parlous state of that country in the 1840s to widespread failures in leadership and social morality that were not unique to the inhabitants of Ireland and were also to be found in England. Carlyle's works were not only admired by leading members of ‘Young Ireland’, but also generated ideas that framed their response to the economic, social, and political challenges facing Ireland.

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