Journal articles: 'Irgasan'

1

Kingston, D., D. V. Seal, and I. D. Hill. "Self-disinfecting plastics for intravenous catheters and prosthetic inserts." Journal of Hygiene 96, no. 2 (1986): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400065955.

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SUMMARYA disinfectant (2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether: Irgasan, Ciba-Geigy) was incorporated into plastic washers fabricated from ethylvinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene, polypropylene or TPX. Plastics containing 0·2 and 2% Irgasan gave zones of inhibition on nutrient and blood agar plates seeded with micro-organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Staph, epidermidis Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilisorCandida albicans) even after thorough washing. Exceptionally,C. albicanswas inhibited only by 2% Irgasan, and EVA gave good inhibition only against the staphylococci. Similar washers of each plastic were implanted subcutaneously into the flanks of rabbits; before insertion each was washed, had thread woven into it and was surrounded by a plasma clot containing 2 × 108Staph. aureus. All the plastics without Irgasan gave rise to abscesses, none of the plastics impregnated with 2% Irgasan did, though from 2 out of 12 sites small numbers ofStaph. aureuswere isolated atpost mortem. Using either clinical or bacteriological criteria, the results were highly significant (P< 0.00001 andP<0.001 respectively), demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique in preventing plastic-associated infection.

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León, Gonzalo R., María Belén Aldás, Víctor H. Guerrero, Andrea C. Landázuri, and Cristina E. Almeida-Naranjo. "Caffeine and irgasan removal from water using bamboo, laurel and moringa residues impregnated with commercial TiO2 nanoparticles." MRS Advances 4, no. 64 (2019): 3553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.33.

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ABSTRACTThe adsorption/degradation of caffeine and irgasan from aqueous artificial solutions by using.Lignocellulosic residues (LR) impregnated with TiO2 nanoparticles was studied. Three different LR were used: bamboo (Guadua angustifolia), laurel (Cordia allidora) and moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), each one with three nominal particle size ranges: 75–149, 45–75, and ≤45 μm. Commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles were added to these residues using the wet impregnation technique. The chemical composition of the LR was determined according to ASTM standards. FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the functional groups and morphology of the modified materials, respectively. Adsorption/degradation tests were carried out in batch systems as a function of adsorbent concentration, contact time, nanoparticle content on the impregnated residues and light type influence. The maximum adsorption capacity was (37.1 mg. g-1/55.3 mg.g-1), using 40 wt.% nanoparticle-impregnated ≤45 μm laurel residues during 180 minutes, for a (7.0/0.7 g.L-1) concentration of (caffeine/irgasan). The caffeine adsorption isotherms were well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models, while the Freundlich model describes irgasan adsorption. The use of UV radiation accelerated threefold the removal process.

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Steinkjer, Bjarte, and Lasse R. Braathen. "Contact dermatitis from triclosan (Irgasan DP 300)." Contact Dermatitis 18, no. 4 (1988): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02815.x.

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KOTULA, A. W., and A. K. SHARAR. "Presence of Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:5,27 in Slaughter Pigs." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 3 (1993): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.3.215.

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The tonsils, tongue, mesenteric lymph nodes, cecal contents, and feces from 50 slaughter pigs were evaluated for the presence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. The cecal contents and feces of two pigs were positive (4%) with the pathogenic serotype O:5,27, biotype 3, whereas all other pigs were negative for pathogenic serotypes of Y. enterocolitica. The pathogenic serotypes were isolated from the cecal contents and feces using the stomacher sampling method. The cold enrichment in phosphate buffered saline and plating in Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin medium. No pathogenic serotypes were recovered using the swab sampling technique, enrichment in Irgasan-ticarcillin-chlorate, and plating in modified Salmonella-Shigella deoxycholate-calcium chloride medium. The isolation of only 4% positive pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in our sampling of pigs in one production unit provides some encouragement that detection and control procedures might be effectively implemented to reduce or eliminate serotype O:5,27 from that herd.

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Beck, H., A. Droβ, K. Eckart, W. Mathar, and R. Wittkowski. "Determination of PCDDs and PCDFs in Irgasan DP 300." Chemosphere 19, no. 1-6 (1989): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(89)90306-8.

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RUSSELL, SCOTT M. "A Rapid Microbiological Method for Enumeration of Pseudomonas fluorescens from Broiler Chicken Carcasses." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 4 (1997): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.4.385.

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A method to selectively enumerate Pseudomonas fluorescens from fresh chicken carcasses in less than 24 h using capacitance microbiology was developed. Capacitance assays were conducted on whole-carcass rinses at 25°C using brain heart infusion broth (BHI) containing 25 μg of Irgasan per ml to obtain a detection time. The capacitance samples were spread plated on plate count agar for isolation and identification. From plates with the highest dilution, from each carcass, 4 colonies were randomly selected and identified. Seven species of bacteria including Pseudomonas fluorescens were responsible for capacitance detection times. Various antibiotics and chemicals were added to basal media or brain heart infusion broth with Irgasan and were evaluated to select for the growth of P. fluorescens. BHI broth containing 4 μg of nitrofurantoin, 120 μg of carbenicillin, and 25 μg of Irgasan, all per ml, was found to be optimal and was termed Pseudomonas fluorescens selective additive (PSA) (patent pending). In a second study, 12 carcasses were collected in each of three replicate trials. For each trial, 2 carcasses were sampled immediately and 2 were sampled after storage at 3°C on days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. The BHI-PSA broth was found to be excellent for enumeration of P. fluorescens from broiler chicken carcass rinses in assays using capacitance microbiology at 25°C. The time required to enumerate P. fluorescens for all samples (day 0 to 15) was &lt;22.4 h. This method is rapid and would be a useful tool for determining the number of spoilage bacteria on fresh chicken and thus may possibly be used to predict the potential shelf life of fresh chicken and other foods of animal origin.

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STILES, M. E., and A. Z. SHEENA. "Efficacy of Germicidal Hand Wash Agents in Use in a Meat Processing Plant." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 4 (1987): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.4.289.

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The in-use efficacy of a selected range of germicidal hand wash agents was tested in a meat processing plant. The hand washes included non-germicidal soaps and germicidal agents containing chlorhexidine, iodophor and Irgasan DP 300 as active ingredients. A laboratory study was done under controlled conditions with standardized procedures for hand washing; in the meat plant, “normal” (unstandardized) hand wash procedures were followed. Levels of contamination on hands varied markedly between work units. Only in the meat cutting area could a significant difference be attributed to hand wash agents against transient-type bacteria on workers' hands. The hand wash agent with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate, the iodophor with 0.75% available iodine and the gel containing 0.3% Irgasan DP 300 were the only products that gave a significantly better reduction of transient bacteria than non-germicidal soap. Transient bacteria were detected on hands after washing, indicating that under the in-use conditions in the meat processing plant, hand wash techniques did not remove all of these bacteria from hands. The plant workers generally indicated a dislike for the iodophor products as hand germicides.

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8

Dayan, A. D. "Risk assessment of triclosan [Irgasan®] in human breast milk." Food and Chemical Toxicology 45, no. 1 (2007): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.08.009.

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9

BHADURI, SAUMYA, and IRENE WESLEY. "Isolation and Characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica from Swine Feces Recovered during the National Animal Health Monitoring System Swine 2000 Study†." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 9 (2006): 2107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.9.2107.

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A national study was conducted for the isolation of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in pig feces in the United States as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System's Swine 2000 study. Fecal samples collected from swine operations from September 2000 to March 2001 from 77 production sites in 15 of the top 17 swine-producing states were tested for the presence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. After enrichment of swine fecal samples in irgasan–ticarcillin–potassium chlorate broth, the enriched cultures were plated on cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar for isolation of presumptive Y. enterocolitica. The isolates were confirmed as pathogenic Y. enterocolitica by the fluorogenic 5′ nuclease PCR assay targeting the chromosomal attachment invasion ail gene. Of 2,793 fecal samples tested, 106 (3.80%) ail-positive strains of Y. enterocolitica were isolated. These 106 ail-positive isolates originated from 7 of the 15 participating states. The predominant serotype O:3 (n = 79 of 106) was distributed in five states (n = 5 of 7). Serotype O:5 (n = 27 of 106) was also found in five states (n = 5 of 7). All isolates contained the virulence plasmid and expressed virulence-associated phenotypic characteristics. These results indicate that swine in the United Stares harbor Y. enterocolitica that can potentially cause human illness.

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Burgard, Niklas, Melanie Kienitz, Claudia Jourdan, and Stefan Rüttermann. "The Influence of Modified Experimental Dental Resin Composites on the Initial In Situ Biofilm—A Triple-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Split-Mouth Trial." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162814.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the bacterial viability of the initial biofilm on the surface of experimental modified dental resin composites. Twenty-five healthy individuals with good oral hygiene were included in this study. In a split-mouth design, they received acrylic splints with five experimental composite resin specimens. Four of them were modified with either a novel polymeric hollow-bead delivery system or methacrylated polymerizable Irgasan (Antibacterial B), while one specimen served as an unmodified control (ST). A delivery system based on Poly-Pore® was loaded with one of the active agents: Tego® Protect 5000 (Antiadhesive A), Dimethicone (Antiadhesive B), or Irgasan (Antibacterial A). All study subjects refrained from toothbrushing during the study period. Specimens were detached from the splints after 8 h and given a live/dead staining before fluorescence microscopy. A Friedman test and a post hoc Nemenyi test were applied with a significance level at p < 0.05. In summary, all materials but Antibacterial B showed a significant antibacterial effect compared to ST. The results suggested the role of the materials’ chemistry in the dominance of cell adhesion. In conclusion, dental resin composites with Poly-Pore-loaded active agents showed antibacterial effectiveness in situ.

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Altwegg, M., J. Zollinger-Iten, and A. von Graevenitz. "Differentiation of Kluyvera cryocrescens from Kluyvera ascorbata by irgasan susceptibility testing." Annales de l'Institut Pasteur / Microbiologie 137, no. 1 (1986): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0769-2609(86)80021-7.

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12

Ber, Raphael, Emanuelle Mamroud, Moshe Aftalion, et al. "Development of an Improved Selective Agar Medium for Isolation of Yersinia pestis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 10 (2003): 5787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.10.5787-5792.2003.

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ABSTRACT Existing media designed for selective isolation of clinically important members of the genus Yersinia were found to be unsatisfactory for the growth and isolation of Yersinia pestis. We report the development of a new selective agar medium (termed BIN) that supports the growth of Y. pestis. The development of the formulation of this medium was based on a fluorescence screening system designed for monitoring bacterial growth on semisolid media, using a green fluorescent protein-expressing strain. High-throughput combinatorial experiments can be conducted for the quantitative evaluation of the effect of different medium components on growth. Generation of fluorescence plots in this system, using microplates, allowed the quantitative evaluation of the growth rate of Y. pestis EV76 cultures in different agar compositions. The final BIN formulation is based on brain heart infusion agar, to which the selective agents irgasan, cholate salts, crystal violet, and nystatin were introduced. It was found that BIN agar is more efficient in supporting colony formation and recovery of Y. pestis than are the conventional semisolid media MacConkey agar and Yersinia-selective agar (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar). The advantage of BIN over other media has been also demonstrated in recovering virulent Y. pestis from the mixed bacterial populations found in decaying carcasses of infected mice. The BIN medium is suggested as a selective medium for isolation and recovery of Y. pestis from various backgrounds.

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13

Kanetoshi, Akio, Hiroshi Ogawa, Eiji Katsura, and Hiroyasu Kaneshima. "Chlorination of irgasan DP300 and formation of dioxins from its chlorinated derivatives." Journal of Chromatography A 389 (January 1987): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94418-8.

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Kanetoshi, Akio, Hiroshi Ogawa, Eiji Katsura, Toyo Okui, and Hiroyasu Kaneshima. "Disposition and excretion of Irgasan� DP300 and its chlorinated derivatives in mice." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17, no. 5 (1988): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01055832.

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WESLEY, IRENE V., SAUMYA BHADURI, and ERIC BUSH. "Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Market Weight Hogs in the United States†." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 6 (2008): 1162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.6.1162.

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Pigs are the major animal reservoir for Yersinia enterocolitica strains, which are potentially pathogenic for humans. The goals of this study were (i) to estimate the individual animal and on-farm prevalences of Y. enterocolitica in hogs based on tonsil samples collected during National Animal Health Monitoring System Swine 2002 study and (ii) to use these data with data previously published for fecal samples to determine on-farm risk factors for Y. enterocolitica. Tonsil swabs (1,218) and fecal samples (2,847) were collected on 124 farms located in the top 17 pork-producing states. Ten percent of tonsils (122 of 1,218 samples) were positive in irgasan-tiracillin-chlorate (ITC) enrichment broth by real-time PCR, but only 5.6% of samples (68 of 1,218) were positive after subculture on the more selective cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar. For tonsils, the on-farm prevalence based on real-time PCR detection of the ail gene in ITC enrichment broth cultures was 32% (32 of 100 premises sampled); the prevalence based on subculture in CIN agar was 19.6% (20 of 102 premises). Results of bacteriological isolation and real-time PCR analysis of tonsils and feces were combined to estimate prevalence (individual animal and farm), which was subsequently correlated with 40 farm management practices. Four factors and their accompanying odds ratios (ORs) were identified in the final regression model: location in a central state (OR =0.3), vaccination for Escherichia coli (OR = 3.0), percentage of deaths due to scours (OR = 3.5), and presence of meat or bone meal in grower-finisher diet (OR = 4.1).

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Altorfer, R., M. Altwegg, J. Zollinger-Iten, and A. von Graevenitz. "Growth of Aeromonas spp. on cefsulodin-Irgasan-novobiocin agar selective for Yersinia enterocolitica." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 22, no. 4 (1985): 478–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.22.4.478-480.1985.

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Tan, Lai Kuan, Peck Toung Ooi, Elisabeth Carniel, and Kwai Lin Thong. "Evaluation of a Modified Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin Agar for Isolation of Yersinia spp." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (2014): e106329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106329.

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Noirod, Peeyanan, Jittapat Lamangthong, and Padarat Ninjiaranai. "Application of Chitosan Film for the Removal of Triclosan from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.455.

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The aim of this work was to study the adsorption efficiency of chitosan as an adsorbent for triclosan, commercially known as Irgasan, in aqueous solutions. The effects of contact time, pH and temperature were investigated using a batch adsorption technique. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different absorption conditions. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity for chitosan was found in the acidic pH 3 and at a temperature of 65 oC. These results suggested that chitosan can be used as an adsorbent for removal of triclosan from aqueous solutions.

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GÜRTLER, MICHAEL, THOMAS ALTER, SANDRA KASIMIR, MECHTHILD LINNEBUR, and KARSTEN FEHLHABER. "Prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Fattening Pigs." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 4 (2005): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.4.850.

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The prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in pig herds was monitored during six trials (at four different farrowto-finisher farms). Samples were taken throughout the whole rearing period from birth of the piglets to the final fattening stage, and different samples were taken from these pigs during the slaughter process. Environmental samples also were evaluated to identify potential sources of on-farm infection. Y. enterocolitica was isolated using irgasan–ticarcillin–potassium chlorate broth enrichment and cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar culture. Colonies were identified using bio- and serotyping methods and by PCR assay. Pathogenic Y. enterocolitica were not isolated from fecal samples from piglets and weaners. The only fecal samples positive for Y. enterocolitica were obtained during the fattening stage. The prevalence of Y. enterocolitica in fattening pig herds ranged between 0 and 65.4%. Y. enterocolitica isolates were detected at the abattoir in 38.4% of the tonsils, in 3.8% of the ileocecal lymph nodes, on 0.3% of the carcass surfaces before chilling, and on 0% of the carcass surfaces after chilling. Almost all isolates belonged to bioserotype 4/O:3. Only one strain was identified as O:9. All isolates contained the ail gene. The yopT gene was found in 99.1% of the farm isolates but in only 76.6% of the isolates found at the abattoir from the corresponding carcasses. Although a direct link between porcine isolates and human infection has not been demonstrated, the similarity of the bioserotypes in infected pigs and humans and the presence of virulence factors in porcine isolates should encourage further studies to determine the risk of transmission of Y. enterocolitica to humans from pigs and pork products.

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Hernández-Richter, T., H. M. Schardey, F. Löhlein, et al. "Binding Kinetics of Triclosan (Irgasan®) to Alloplastic Vascular Grafts: An In Vitro Study." Annals of Vascular Surgery 14, no. 4 (2000): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100169910065.

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Asadinezhad, Ahmad, Igor Novák, Marián Lehocký, et al. "A Physicochemical Approach to Render Antibacterial Surfaces on Plasma-Treated Medical-Grade PVC: Irgasan Coating." Plasma Processes and Polymers 7, no. 6 (2010): 504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200900132.

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22

Petersen, T. "Keeping quality of cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) medium for detection and enumeration of Yersinia enterocolitica." International Journal of Food Microbiology 2, no. 1-2 (1985): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(85)90056-x.

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23

Schweizer, Herbert P. "Intrinsic Resistance to Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Is Due to Efflux: Application of a Novel Technique for Generation of Unmarked Chromosomal Mutations for the Study of Efflux Systems." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 2 (1998): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.2.394.

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ABSTRACT Many strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are resistant to the antibiotics cerulenin and thiolactomycin, potent inhibitors of bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis. A novel yeast Flp recombinase-based technique was used to isolate an unmarked mexAB-oprMdeletion encoding an efflux system mediating resistance to multiple antibiotics in P. aeruginosa. The experiments showed that the MexAB-OprM system is responsible for the intrinsic resistance of this bacterium to cerulenin and thiolactomycin. Whereas thiolactomycin was not a substrate of the MexCD-OprJ pump expressed in a Δ(mexAB-oprM) nfxB mutant, cerulenin was efficiently effluxed by the MexCD-OprJ system. It was also found that the MexAB-OprM system is capable of efflux of irgasan, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound used in media selective for Pseudomonas.

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Neyts, K., E. Notebaert, M. Uyttendaele, and J. Debevere. "Modification of the bile salts–Irgasan–brilliant green agar for enumeration of Aeromonas species from food." International Journal of Food Microbiology 57, no. 3 (2000): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00253-1.

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Fukushima, H., and M. Gomyoda. "Growth of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 3B serotype O3 inhibited on cefsulodin-Irgasan-novobiocin agar." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 24, no. 1 (1986): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.24.1.116-120.1986.

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Lu, Jin, Marcus A. Hill, Miriam Hood, et al. "Formation of antibiotic, biodegradable polymers by processing with Irgasan DP300R (triclosan) and its inclusion compound with ?-cyclodextrin." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 82, no. 2 (2001): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1852.

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Albuquerque, Maria do Céu Borralho e., and Marisa Cardoso. "Pesquisa de Yersinia enterocolitica em lingüiças frescas de porco em Porto Alegre, RS." Ciência Rural 29, no. 4 (1999): 727–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84781999000400026.

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Foram analisadas 96 amostras de lingüiça fresca preparadas unicamente com carne suína adquiridas no comércio de Porto Alegre, com o objetivo de determinar a presença de Yersinia enterocolitica. A metodologia empregada baseou-se na incubação em salina fosfatada tamponada a 4°C como enriquecimento e isolamento em ágar seletivo para yersinias (ágar cefsulodina-irgasan-novobiocina). Em nenhuma das amostras de lingüiça analisadas no presente estudo, foi encontrada a Y. enterocolitica. A mesma metodologia foi testada em ensaios de recuperação de Y. enterocolitica de amostras de lingüiça contaminadas artificialmente com diferentes inóculos da bactéria. O método apresentou boa sensibilidade, mas baixa reprodutibilidade nos ensaios de recuperação, onde apenas inóculos de 6,3x10(4)UFC/ml puderam ser sempre recuperados. A partir destes resultados, conclui-se que novas etapas de enriquecimento e seleção devem ser adicionadas à metodologia testada para garantir uma maior reprodutibilidade, principalmente em níveis de contaminação mais baixos.

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KWAGA, JACOB, JOHN O. IVERSEN, and JAMES R. SAUNDERS. "Comparison of Two Enrichment Protocols for the Detection of Yersinia in Slaughtered Pigs and Pork Products." Journal of Food Protection 53, no. 12 (1990): 1047–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-53.12.1047.

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Two enrichment methods were evaluated in the course of a study to determine the occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in slaughtered pigs and pork products. Eighty Yersinia strains belonging to one of four species were recovered. Of the 67 strains of Y. enterocolitica encountered, 48 belonged to known pathogenic bioserotypes. The enrichment medium incorporating irgasan, ticarcillin, and potassium chlorate (ITC) was found to be superior to the two-step enrichment method (YER/BOS) for isolation of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica from throat swabs. When pork products were examined using the two methods, YER/BOS was by far superior for recovery of yersiniae, although all strains isolated by this method belonged to nonpathogenic bioserotypes and Y. enterocolitica-like organisms. Conversely, ITC enrichment recovered fewer strains but most were pathogenic bioserotypes. Thus, swine can serve as a reservoir of virulent Y. enterocolitica in Saskatchewan, and ITC enrichment is recommended for the isolation of these strains.

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COLLINS, C. I., I. V. WESLEY, and E. A. MURANO. "Detection of Arcobacter spp. in Ground Pork by Modified Plating Methods." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 5 (1996): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.5.448.

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A modified cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) medium was developed for the recovery of Arcobacter spp. from meats. Modified CIN was compared to brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 10% bovine blood and cephalothin, vancomycin, and amphotericin B (CVA) as well as brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 10% bovine blood and no antibiotics. The three media were used to recover Arcobacter spp. in a survey of pork-processing plants. Examination of ground pork (149 samples) from one Iowa slaughter facility (Plant #1) revealed that 89 percent of the samples were positive for Arcobacter spp. In a second survey conducted 9 months later involving that same plant and four others, only 5% of the samples from the four plants were found to be positive for Arcobacter spp. Again, 90% of the samples were positive from Plant #1. It was not determined whether the sanitary practices during slaughter or the rearing of pigs on the source farms contributed to the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in one plant versus another.

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LETELLIER, ANN, S. MESSIER, and S. QUESSY. "Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica in Finishing Swine at Canadian Abattoirs." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 1 (1999): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.1.22.

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The prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica in finishing swine was evaluated using samples of cecal material. Samples were taken at six different slaughterhouses from 1420 healthy, 5-month-old pigs, raised by 223 producers in Québec (1009 samples), Ontario (283), and Manitoba, Canada (128). Two different broth media (Rappaport-Vassiliadis and Tetrathionate brilliant green) were used for the selective enrichment of Salmonella spp. The recovery of Y. enterocolitica was done by a cold enrichment technique, followed by plating on a selective media (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar). Prevalence (with a 95% confidence interval) of Salmonella spp. and Y. enterocolitica were, respectively, 5.2% (4.0 to 6.4%) and 20.9% (18.8 to 23.0%). Overall, 24.6% of the animals tested were positive for one or both of these pathogens. Since only a few herds (2.8%) appeared to be highly contaminated by Salmonella spp., efforts should be undertaken in priority to control this pathogen in those herds.

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FLOCCARI, MIRTHA E., MARIA M. CARRANZA, and JOSE L. PARADA. "Yersinia enterocolitica Biogroup 1A, Serotype O:5 in Chicken Carcasses." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 11 (2000): 1591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.11.1591.

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To evaluate the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica in raw chicken, 70 samples of chicken carcasses were obtained from a Buenos Aires, Argentina, processing plant. The detection of this psychotropic microorganism was carried out using the whole carcass rinse method and enrichment in phosphate-buffered saline, 0.067 M, pH 7.6, at 4°C, followed by alkaline treatment and isolation on cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin nutrient agar. Y. enterocolitica or related species were detected in 7 of 70 samples. From them, 4.3% were identified as Y. enterocolitica, 1.4% as Yersinia intermedia, and 4.3% as Yersinia frederiksenii. The serotype and phagotype of Y. intermedia isolates were O:52, 53, and Xz and those of Y. frederiksenii were O:4.16 and Xo. All Y. enterocolitica isolates belong to the biogroup 1A, serotype O:5, phagotype Xz, which presents uncertain pathogenic potential. These findings reinforce the worldwide concern on the microbiological quality of food products. Quality assurance programs on the whole poultry process are increasingly being adopted in Argentina.

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RAMÍREZ, ELSA IRMA QUIÑONES, CARLOS VÁZQUEZ-SALINAS, OSCAR RODOLFO RODAS-SUÁREZ, and FRANCISCO F. PEDROCHE. "Isolation of Yersinia from Raw Meat (Pork and Chicken) and Precooked Meat (Porcine Tongues and Sausages) Collected from Commercial Establishments in Mexico City." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 4 (2000): 542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.4.542.

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A total of 160 meat product samples were collected from commercial outlets in Mexico City to investigate the presence of different species of Yersinia by the 4°C enrichment method after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of incubation using alkaline treatment and isolating in cefsulodin-Irgasan-novobiocin and MacConkey agars with Tween 80. Overall, Yersinia spp. were isolated from 27% of the samples analyzed, whereas 40% of the raw and only 13% of the precooked samples were contaminated. Although 2,970 colonies showed Yersinia characteristics, only 706 (24%) actually corresponded to this genus: 49% were Yersinia enterocolitica, 25% Yersinia kristensenii, 15% Yersinia intermedia, 9% Yersinia frederiksenii, and 2% Yersinia aldovae; 10% corresponded to biotype 2, 2% to biotype 3, and 4% to biotype 4. The presence of Yersinia in raw and cooked meat products represents a health risk for consumers in Mexico, where further clinical studies are needed to assess the epidemiological importance of this pathogen.

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AMIN, MOHAMMAD K., and FRANCES A. DRAUGHON. "Growth Characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica in Pasteurized Skim Milk." Journal of Food Protection 50, no. 10 (1987): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-50.10.849.

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Experiments were undertaken to determine the growth characteristics of five strains of Yersinia enterocolitica in pasteurized milk at 4°C. Pasteurized milk was inoculated with approximately 10 or 1000 cells/ml of Y. enterocolitica, and was incubated at 4°C for 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d. Each sample was spread-plated in duplicate on Tryptone Soya Agar, MacConkey Agar and Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) agar. Plates were incubated at 25°C for 48 h or at 32°C for 24 h and enumerated for total and Yersinia plate count. All five strains of Y. enterocolitica competed very well with background microflora of pasteurized milk and reached levels of log 5.0 to 7.0/ml after 7 d at 4°C. Level of inoculation had little or no effect on the total number of Y. enterocolitica after 14 or 21 d in pasteurized milk at 4°C. Generation times at 4°C were highly strain-dependent.

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TAVASSOLI, Milad, Abdollah JAMSHIDI, Golnaz RANJBAR, Mohammad Reza TORBATI MOGHADDAM, and Asma AFSHARI. "Prevalence, Biotyping, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica Isolated from Traditional Iranian Cheeses - Evaluation of Yersinia enterocolitica in Traditional Cheeses." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 78, no. 1 (2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2020.0051.

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The present study aimed to investigate the contamination rate of various traditional Iranian cheese samples with Yersinia enterocolitica. In total, 200 cheese samples were collected from the northeast of Iran, and 10 types of traditional cheese were evaluated, including Lighvan, Kurdish, lactic, Tape-Salam, Onsory, Turkmen (type one and two), Sistani, Baluchi, and Kormange. The samples were analyzed using pre-enrichment Peptone-Sorbitol-Bile (PSB) broth, Yersinia selective agar (Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN))following polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial tests were carried out using 13 antibiotics on all the positive samples. From the cheese samples collected from Khorasan Razavi province, Kurdish cheese had the highest contamination rate (9/20; 45%), while the lowest contamination rate was observed in Lighvan and Onsory cheese. Also, the most commonly identified biotype was biotype 1A (23/38; 61%). Y. entrocolitica was mostly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime, while resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin.

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Riber, Leise, Mette Burmølle, Martin Alm, et al. "Enhanced plasmid loss in bacterial populations exposed to the antimicrobial compound irgasan delivered from interpenetrating polymer network silicone hydrogels." Plasmid 87-88 (September 2016): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plasmid.2016.10.001.

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De Zutter, L., L. Le Mort, M. Janssens, and G. Wauters. "Short-comings of irgasan ticarcillin chlorate broth for the enrichment of Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 2, serotype 9 from meat." International Journal of Food Microbiology 23, no. 2 (1994): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(94)90057-4.

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Weiner, Marcin, Krzysztof Szulowski, and Wojciech Iwaniak. "Isolation of Yersinia Enterocolitica O:9 From Cows Positive in Serological Examination of Bovine Brucellosis." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 56, no. 4 (2012): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10213-012-0083-4.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of bacteriological and molecular investigations on the presence of Y. enterocolitica O:9 in the head, mammary and genital lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and uterus samples originating from 58 cows slaughtered due to the positive results of serological examinations for brucellosis. All samples were cultured for Brucella and Y. enterocolitica and examined in multiplex PCR assay (mPCR), in order to identify the universal 16S rRNA Brucella sp. marker and amplify the perosamine synthetase (per) gene, specific for Y. enterocolitica O:9 only. Out of 58 examined animals, in 23 cases the presence of Y.enterocolitica was demonstrated. Typical Yersinia-suspected colonies were seen after 24-48 h incubation on Cefsulodin-Irgasan- Novobiocin (CIN) Yersinia selective solid medium. The mPCR analysis confirmed the presence of predicted amplicon of 312 bp, typical for Y. enterocolitica O:9 in 20 out of 58 lymph node samples tested and similarly, as in bacteriological examination, other samples were negative. The presence of the 16S rRNA gene of Brucella, generating the amplicon of 905 bp, was not observed in any of the samples tested.

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Sirghani, Khadigeh, Tayebeh Zeinali, and Abdollah Jamshidi. "Detection ofYersinia enterocoliticain Retail Chicken Meat, Mashhad, Iran." Journal of Pathogens 2018 (2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1286216.

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Poultry meat is one of the most important sources of infection ofYersiniaspp. for humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence ofYersinia enterocoliticain chicken meat by using culture method on selective medium and confirmation by PCR assay. Also, biochemical methods were used for biotyping. A total of 100 chicken thigh meat samples were collected randomly from retail outlets in Mashhad, Iran. Samples were enriched in Peptone-Sorbitol-Bile (PSB) broth and then cultured on Cefsulodin-Irgasan-Novobiocin (CIN) agar containing antibiotics supplement. The DNA was extracted from suspected colonies ofYersiniaspp. and then PCR test using specific primers for 16S rRNA gene ofYersinia enterocoliticawas performed. In this study, 30% of chicken meat was contaminated withYersiniaspp. by culture method and 25% of chicken meat was contaminated withYersinia enterocolitica. Biotyping of isolated colonies showed that all of the isolates belonged to biotype 1A. Culture and detection ofYersiniaspp. from food samples traditionally take 4 days. Due to high accuracy and speed of PCR assay, it is a good alternative method for microbiological techniques. In conclusion, poultry meat can act as a source ofY. enterocoliticaand could be considered as a public health hazard.

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Kanetoshi, Akio, Hiroshi Ogawa, Eiji Katsura, Hiroyasu Kaneshima, and Toshiaki Miura. "Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins upon combustion of commercial textile products containing 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether (Irgasan® DP3000." Journal of Chromatography A 442 (January 1988): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)94476-5.

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Hernandez-Richter, T., HM Schardey, F. Löhlein, et al. "The Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Graft Infection With a Triclosan (Irgasan®)-bonded Dacron Graft:an Experimental Study in the Pig." European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 20, no. 5 (2000): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ejvs.2000.1199.

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JINNO*, H., N. HANIOKA, S. ONODERA, T. NISHIMURA, and M. ANDO. "Irgasan®DP 300 (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) induces cytochrome P450s and inhibits haembiosynthesis in rat hepatocytes cultured on Matrigel." Xenobiotica 27, no. 7 (1997): 681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/004982597240271.

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Kanetoshi, Akio, Hiroshi Ogawa, Eiji Katsura, Hiroyasu Kaneshima, and Toshiaki Miura. "Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin from 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether (irgasan® DP300) and its chlorinated derivatives by exposure to sunlight." Journal of Chromatography A 454 (January 1988): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)88609-4.

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Chang, Yoon-Seok, Jung-suk Jang, and Max L Delnzer. "Photochemistry of irgasan-triflate: A simple conversion of an aromatic hydroxyl group to chlorine in the synthesis of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated dibenzofurans." Tetrahedron 46, no. 12 (1990): 4161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86752-1.

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Hall Barrientos, Ivan, Graeme MacKenzie, Clive Wilson, Dimitrios Lamprou, and Paul Coats. "Biological Performance of Electrospun Polymer Fibres." Materials 12, no. 3 (2019): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030363.

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The evaluation of biological responses to polymeric scaffolds are important, given that the ideal scaffold should be biocompatible, biodegradable, promote cell adhesion and aid cell proliferation. The primary goal of this research was to measure the biological responses of cells against various polymeric and collagen electrospun scaffolds (polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA) polymers: PCL–drug, PCL–collagen–drug, PLA–drug and PLA–collagen–drug); cell proliferation was measured with a cell adhesion assay and cell viability using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and resazurin assays. The results demonstrated that there is a distinct lack of growth of cells against any irgasan (IRG) loaded scaffolds and far greater adhesion of cells against levofloxacin (LEVO) loaded scaffolds. Fourteen-day studies revealed a significant increase in cell growth after a 7-day period. The addition of collagen in the formulations did not promote greater cell adhesion. Cell viability studies revealed the levels of IRG used in scaffolds were toxic to cells, with the concentration used 475 times higher than the EC50 value for IRG. It was concluded that the negatively charged carboxylic acid group found in LEVO is attracting positively charged fibronectin, which in turn is attracting the cell to adhere to the adsorbed proteins on the surface of the scaffold. Overall, the biological studies examined in this paper are valuable as preliminary data for potential further studies into more complex aspects of cell behaviour with polymeric scaffolds.

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Kelly, M. T., E. M. Stroh, and J. Jessop. "Comparison of blood agar, ampicillin blood agar, MacConkey-ampicillin-Tween agar, and modified cefsulodin-Irgasan-novobiocin agar for isolation of Aeromonas spp. from stool specimens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 26, no. 9 (1988): 1738–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.26.9.1738-1740.1988.

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Logue, C. M., J. S. Sherwood, and C. Doetkott. "Growth studies of plasmid bearing and plasmid cured Yersinia enterocolitica GER O:3 in the presence of cefsulodin, irgasan and novobiocin at 25 and 37oC." Journal of Applied Microbiology 100, no. 6 (2006): 1299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02861.x.

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Mmbaga, M. T., and R. J. Sauvé. "Management of powdery mildew in flowering dogwood in the field with biorational and conventional fungicides." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 3 (2004): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-104.

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In a 2 yr study, control of powdery mildew on flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) by four biorational and four conventional fungicides was assessed on seedlings and on 3 yr liners in the field. Biorational fungicides applied were three household soaps containing 0.2% triclosan (Irgasan® DP 300)—Ajax® liquid hand soap, Equate® liquid dish soap and Palmolive® liquid dish soap-and potassium bicarbonate salt. Conventional fungicides applied were propiconazole, thiophanate methyl, azoxystrobin and copper sulfate pentahydrate. All products controlled powdery mildew compared with water controls. Application of the biorational fungicides on a weekly basis was as effective as propiconazole and thiophanate methyl and more effective than azoxystrobin and copper sulfate pentahydrate. Application of some biorational products at semi-monthly intervals was slightly less effective. Of the biorational fungicides, Palmolive® was the most effective but was phytotoxic, whereas Ajax®, Equate® and potassium bicarbonate were not. When three applications of any biorational fungicide were rotated with one application of propiconazole, the incidence of powdery mildew was less than when a fungicide rotation was not included. Plant growth was enhanced with either biorational or conventional fungicides compared with water controls. Propiconazole treatments resulted in the highest growth rates, whereas biorational products were as effective in promoting growth as thiophanate methyl, azoxystrobin or copper sulfate pentahydrate. The incorporation of biorational fungicides in a powdery mildew disease management program may have economic and environmental benefits because they are less costly than conventional fungicides and presumed safer to the environment and the applicators. Key words: Cornus florida L., Erysiphe (sect. Microsphaera) pulchra, Microsphaera pulchra, Oidium spp, Phyllactinia guttata

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JIANG, G. C., DONG-HYUN KANG, and DANIEL Y. C. FUNG. "Enrichment Procedures and Plating Media for Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica†." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 11 (2000): 1483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.11.1483.

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A shortened enrichment procedure (25°C for 24 h) was compared with cold enrichment procedures (4°C for 1 to 3 weeks) and direct plating for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from commercial ground meat samples. The combined data of all recovery procedures showed that this organism was isolated from 34% of the ground beef samples. The highest isolation rate was 32% for the 4°C/3-week enrichment, followed by 28% for the 4°C/2-week enrichment, 26% for the 25°C/24-h enrichment, 22% for the 4°C/1-week enrichment, and 10% for direct plating. No significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) in isolation rate occurred between the 4°C/3-week, 4°C/2-week, 25°C/24-h, and 4°C/1-week enrichments. The combined data of all recovery procedures showed that Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 64% of ground pork samples. The highest isolation rate was 48% for the 4°C/3-week enrichment, followed by 40% for the 25°C/24-h enrichment, 34% for the 4°C/2-week enrichment, 24% for the 4°C/1-week enrichment, and 24% for direct plating. No significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) in isolation rate occurred between the 4°C/3-week, 25°C/24-h, and 4°C/2-week enrichments. During the plating phase of the experiment, the efficiency of a dye-containing, Yersinia-selective medium (KV202) was compared with that of a commercially available cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin medium. Recovery rates were similar for both media. However, KV202 agar differentiated Y. enterocolitica from such contaminating bacteria as Enterobacter, Serratia, and Salmonella by colony morphologic characteristics and color.

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WU, V. C. H., D. Y. C. FUNG, and R. D. OBERST. "Evaluation of a 5′ -Nuclease (TaqMan) Assay with the Thin Agar Layer Oxyrase Method for the Detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in Ground Pork Samples†." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 2 (2004): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.2.271.

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A 5′-nuclease (TaqMan) assay was evaluated for its capability to recover and detect stressed Yersinia enterocolitica. Sensitivity studies of a 5′-nuclease assay for detecting Y. enterocolitica O:8 in a pure culture system and spiked ground pork samples demonstrated that the assay has reliable sensitivity with a detection limit of 3 to 4 log CFU/ml or CFU/g. The PCR 5′-nuclease (TaqMan) assay was evaluated with the Thin Agar Layer Oxyrase method (TALO, overlaying 14 ml of Trypticase soy agar with a 1:30 dilution of “Oxyrase® for Agar” onto a prepoured pathogen-specific, selective medium), and it was compared against the selective medium cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) for recovering and detecting Y. enterocolitica from inoculated nonfrozen and frozen (−15°C, 2 days) ground pork samples. The TALO method showed more sensitivity (detection limit, 2 log CFU/ml), and it has greater recovery capability (0.5 to 1 log CFU/ml) than CIN (P &lt; 0.05). The 5′-nuclease assay provided rapid detection processing (5 versus 24 h after an 18-h enrichment). The sensitivity per PCR was calculated to as low as 0 to 1 log CFU per PCR reaction; however, in the method's current developmental stage, target pathogens should be enriched to 3 to 4 log CFU/ml or CFU/g to show consistent results. In a survey of 100 ground pork samples using TALO, CIN, and PCR methods, no Y. enterocolitica was recovered. A combined cultivation and an automated PCR TaqMan could be used as a presumptive screening test for detecting Y. enterocolitica in food samples.

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Blom, Marianne, Aase Meyer, Peter Gerner-Smidt, Knud Gaarslev, and Frank Espersen. "Evaluation of Statens Serum Institut Enteric Medium for Detection of Enteric Pathogens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 7 (1999): 2312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.7.2312-2316.1999.

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The efficacy of the Statens Serum Institut (SSI) enteric medium for isolation and direct identification of enteric pathogens was evaluated. Six different biochemical reactions can be read by using the SSI enteric medium, allowing direct identification of a range of enteric pathogens. All 248 gram-negative bacterial species that were tested grew on the SSI enteric medium. Only 10 of 248 bacteria (4%) showed discrepant results in the biochemical reactions, and none of these were enteric pathogens. Forty-three of 47 enteric pathogens (92%) produced identical rates of semiquantitative growth on the SSI enteric medium and 5% blood agar, whereas three Vibrio spp. and oneAeromonas spp. showed reduced growth. Gram-positive bacteria did not grow on the SSI enteric medium. Most enteric pathogens had a detection limit of 50 bacteria per ml of feces, but higher numbers of Vibrio spp. and some Shigella spp. were required for detection. The growth rates of 125 enteric pathogens and 12 Yersinia spp. on the SSI enteric medium, xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD), Hektoen enteric (HE),Salmonella-Shigella (SS), and cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (CIN) agar were compared. Detection rates after application of 200 CFU were 99% for SSI enteric medium, 92% for XLD, 88% for HE, and 82% for SS agar. The 12 Yersinia spp. grew excellently on both the SSI enteric medium and CIN agar. We conclude that the performance of the SSI enteric medium compares favorably to those of other media tested. Its ability to detect Yersinia spp. may limit the number of media needed in the typical laboratory. The direct identification of enteric pathogens on the medium may also provide a more rapid diagnosis.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Irgasan'

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