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Journal articles on the topic 'Iridium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ebrahimpour tolouei, Nadia, Florian Chabot, Gaohua Zhu, and Iryna Zenyuk. "Understanding in-Plane Movement of Iridium in Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer after Accelerated Stress Test." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (2024): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341704mtgabs.

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In the rapidly evolving field of clean energy, proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) stand at the forefront, heralding a new era of sustainable hydrogen fuel production. PEMWEs need to operate for at least 10 years and material degradation is a challenge that needs to be overcome. Here we use H2NEW accelerated stress (AST) protocol to degrade 5 cm2 PEMWE cell having low iridium loadings on the anode side. Using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping, we first assessed the iridium distribution at the beginning of life (BOL) of the electrolyzer cell and then afterwards at the end of li

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2

Clapp, Mark, Christopher Mark Zalitis, and Margery Ryan. "Green Hydrogen via PEM Electrolysis – Avoiding Iridium Supply Limitations." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 36 (2023): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01362044mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is projected to become a key technology to enable the decarbonisation of ‘hard to abate’ sectors of the economy. However, the technology’s reliance on iridium, one of the scarcest elements on Earth, as an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, has led to uncertainty over whether a large-scale PEMWE industry can be realised. This work investigates the future iridium demand of the global PEMWE sector and examines how different catalyst strategies can improve iridium utilisation in the anode catalyst. Iridium utilisation targets necessary to avoid

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3

Okuwada, Kumi, Ken-ichi Yoshida, Tomoko Saitou, and Atsuhito Sawabe. "Epitaxial growth at PZT/Ir interface." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 12 (2000): 2667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0383.

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Surface oxidation of an iridium film and the possibility of epitaxial growth of PZT spin-coated film on sputtered iridium were investigated. The free surface on the iridium film oxidized over 400 °C with random orientation. Nevertheless, both the PZT(111)/Ir(111) and PZT(100)/Ir(100) interfaces were realized using the highly oriented iridium layer. These results suggest that PZT nucleation has priority over iridium surface oxidation.

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4

Zhang, Jifu, Dongchu Chen, Xueying Zhang, Ben Niu, Biao Wang, and Runxia Li. "Deposition of Iridium Coating on Pure Tungsten and High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior at 1300 K." Coatings 12, no. 11 (2022): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111761.

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Iridium (Ir) coating was electrodeposited on tungsten (W) substrate for resistance to high-temperature oxidation. The reduction of iridium was studied using an electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement technique. The structure characterization and performance testing were carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and a high-temperature oxidation test. The results showed that the reduction of tetravalent iridium ions to metallic iridium included three reduction steps. The deposited iridium coating

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5

EISENBERG, RICHARD. "IRIDIUM." Chemical & Engineering News 81, no. 36 (2003): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n036.p148.

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6

Housecroft, Catherine E. "Iridium." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 115 (June 1992): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(92)80040-x.

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7

Housecroft, Catherine E. "Iridium." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 131 (March 1994): 177–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(94)80095-2.

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8

Ohriner, E. K. "Processing of Iridium and Iridium Alloys." Platinum Metals Review 52, no. 3 (2008): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/147106708x333827.

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9

Collins, L. "Iridium reborn [Iridium satellite communication network]." Engineering & Technology 5, no. 2 (2010): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2010.0215.

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10

Huang, Rui, and Yong Hong Zhang. "Application of Iridium Communication in Marine Environment Monitoring." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1459.

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Firstly, the Iridium system and SBD (Short Burst Data) service is introduced. Secondly, the marine environment monitoring system is designed based on Iridium SBD. Finally, the realization of the Iridium SBD transmission subsystem is provided. The main function of the system is to obtain the collected data by the underwater sensor. The information will be uploaded to local control center by iridium communication after fixed time. At the same time the sensor should receive commands from local control center by iridium communication.

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11

Jing, Shaozhen, Xiaolei Wu, Dou Niu, Jing Wang, Chung-Hang Leung, and Wanhe Wang. "Recent Advances in Organometallic NIR Iridium(III) Complexes for Detection and Therapy." Molecules 29, no. 1 (2024): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29010256.

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Iridium(III) complexes are emerging as a promising tool in the area of detection and therapy due to their prominent photophysical properties, including higher photostability, tunable phosphorescence emission, long-lasting phosphorescence, and high quantum yields. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to develop novel near-infrared (NIR) iridium(III) complexes to improve signal-to-noise ratio and enhance tissue penetration. In this review, we summarize different classes of organometallic NIR iridium(III) complexes for detection and therapy, including cyclometalated ligand-enabled NIR ir

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12

Khomutova, E. G., and E. A. Levkevich. "Determination of the iridium micro-concentrations using a kinetic catalytic method." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 5 (2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-5-5-10.

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The catalytic effect of iridium on the oxidation of water-soluble porphyrin — 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphin (TSPP) with sodium periodate is studied for the first time. A method for determination of the iridium micro-content by the catalytic effect of iridium on the oxidation of water-soluble porphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphin with sodium periodate in a flow-injection system is developed. The lower limit of the determined iridium concentrations is 0.2 × 10–5 μg/ml (P = 0.95), which is lower than that for the methods described in the literature. Optimal c

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13

Ding, Shengtao, and Weiwei Gao. "Progress on Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Alkenes and Alkynes." Synthesis 52, no. 23 (2020): 3549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707239.

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Hydrosilylation of multiple carbon–carbon bonds is a well-known process for the construction of organosilicon compounds. Nowadays, precious metal catalysts, especially platinum complexes, still occupy dominant positions in such processes. However, one important member of the precious metal family, iridium, is less used in this field. As early research mainly focused on developing stable and effective iridium catalysts, recent advances have disclosed the specific efficiency of simple iridium catalytic systems in the synthesis of functional organosilicon compounds. This short review summarizes

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14

Mohmad, Masrat, Nivedita Agnihotri, and Chetna Dhonchak. "Spectrophotometric approach, in vitro antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant properties of Iridium complexes – A Review." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 8 (2022): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2608rjce1650172.

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Iridium out of the members of group 9 is one of the most important rare elements found in the earth’s crust and usually occurs in an uncombined state or in natural alloys which include osmiridium(Iridium rich) and iridosmine(Osmium rich). Interestingly despite of its low reactivity, iridium can create a variety of compounds with oxidation states ranging from -3 to +9. In addition to the unique electronic configuration, iridium shows low toxicity and a low environmental impact, making it a green element. Attributing to these properties, iridium and its complexes exhibit a wide range of applicat

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15

Panfilov, Peter, and Alexander Yermakov. "Brittle Intercrystalline Fracture in Iridium." Platinum Metals Review 45, no. 4 (2001): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/003214001x454176178.

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Refractory iridium has a unique position among metals due to its resistance to corrosion and its inclination to brittle fracture, the latter only occurring under tension. Since 1960 iridium has been the subject of much research, but this has not lead to an understanding of its inclination to brittle fracture under load, although the problem of working iridium has been successfully solved. Grain boundary brittleness during mechanical treatment is the main problem with iridium, and is a continuing and important topic for academic discussion about iridium. Discussion of this problem, begun forty

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16

Wu, Ruixia, Weiqiang Liu, Liang Zhou, Xiaokang Li, Kai Chen, and Hongjie Zhang. "Highly efficient green single-emitting layer phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with an iridium(iii) complex as a hole-type sensitizer." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 9 (2019): 2744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc06509h.

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The electroluminescent (EL) performances of a green iridium complex tris(2-(4-tolyl)phenylpyridine)iridium Ir(mppy)<sub>3</sub> were significantly improved by employing another hole-type iridium complex as a sensitizer.

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17

Merola, Joseph S. "Organic Chemistry at an Iridium Center: Unusual Bond-Making and Bond-Breaking Reactions." Current Organic Chemistry 1, no. 3 (1997): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272801666220124192259.

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<p> In examining the utilization of transition metals in synthetic organic chemistry, iridium is not a metal which comes to the fore. In fact, while its family member, rhodium, sees extensive use for organic synthesis, iridium is pretty much ignored. However, there are quite a number of unusual bond-making and bond-breaking reactions that can occur at an iridium center that suggest that iridium be given a closer look. </p> <p> In this article, the organometallic chemistry of iridium will be reviewed with special attention paid to unusual transformations of organic groups that

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18

Proelss, Timo, Philipp Parzinger, and Tanja Franken. "Highly Active Iridium Doped Titanium-Spinels for the Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction in PEM-Water Electrolysers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 42 (2024): 2831. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02422831mtgabs.

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Introduction: In proton exchange membrane water electrolysers (PEMWE) the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the rate determining step and currently catalysed by scarce and expensive iridium oxides. Because of the high iridium price and limited iridium availability, electrolysers using pure IrO2 will struggle to fulfil the growing demand of affordable green hydrogen.[1] However, in the harsh environment inside a PEMWE anode, no non-noble metal catalyst with sufficient activity and stability is known.[2] A promising approach to reduce the iridium needed for the OER is to embed iridium into diff

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19

Lee, In Seop, J. M. Park, Hyun Joo Son, et al. "Iridium Oxide as a Stimulating Neural Electrode Formed by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering." Key Engineering Materials 288-289 (June 2005): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.288-289.307.

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Implantable neural prostheses form hybrid interfaces with biological constructs, and the application of electrical fields can restore functions of patients with neurological damages. The various stoichiometric compositions of iridium oxide were synthesized using reactive magnetron sputtering. The charge injection behavior of iridium oxide deposited with an O2/Ar ratio of 0.5 was similar to pure Ir. The charge density of iridium oxide increased with increasing O2/Ar ratio, and increasing thickness of iridium oxide.

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20

Dong, Qiuchen, Xiangcheng Sun, and Songbing He. "Iridium Oxide Enabled Sensors Applications." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (2021): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101164.

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There have been numerous studies applying iridium oxides in different applications to explore their proton-change-based reactions since the 1980s. Iridium oxide can be fabricated directly by applying electrodeposition, sputter-coating method, or oxidation of iridium wire. Generally, there have been currently two approaches in applying iridium oxide to enable its sensing applications. One was to improve or create different electrolytes with (non-)electrodeposition method for better performance of Nernst Constant with the temperature-related system. The mechanism behind the scenes were summarize

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21

Maulana Azkiya, Margianto, and Nur Robbi. "PERBANDINGAN BUSI IRIDIUM dan BUSI STANDAR terhadap DAYA SEPEDA MOTOR SCOOPY 110 cc TAHUN 2023." Ring Mechanical Engineering 3, no. 2 (2024): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/rm.v3i2.21512.

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Sistem pengapian merupakan komponen penting dalam mesin bensin yang memastikan operasimotor. Fungsinya adalah menghasilkan percikan api memanfaatkan ignition coil, selanjutnyadisalurkan ke busi melewati kabel kekuatan tinggi guna pembakaran campuran bahan bakar yangtelah dikompresi pada silinder. Penelitian ini menggunakan dynamometer untuk menguji performamesin dengan variasi RPM (4000, 6000, dan 8000) dalam setiap percobaan sebanyak 3 kali. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan busi iridium pada sepeda motor Scoopy 110 cc tahun2023 menghasilkan peningkatan daya mesin. Elektroda iridiu

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22

Clapp, Mark, Christopher Mark Zalitis, and Margery Ryan. "Green Hydrogen via PEM Electrolysis – Avoiding Iridium Supply Limitations." ECS Transactions 111, no. 4 (2023): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11104.0021ecst.

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The reliance of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) on iridium as an oxygen evolution catalyst has led to uncertainty over whether a large-scale PEMWE industry can be realised. The future PEMWE capacity growth that is sustainable in terms of iridium supply is investigated. It is found that, if optimistic improvements in iridium utilisation and high recycling rates are achieved, a global capacity of 1.3 TW could be reached by 2050, which is above the Net-Zero Emissions 2050 target, using only 20% of annual primary iridium supply. The different catalyst strategies that can improv

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23

Kazachenko, Aleksandr Sergeevich, Roman Vladimirovich Borisov, Angelina Viktorovna Miroshnikova, Sergey Viktorovich Baryshnikov, Olga Sergeevna Selezneva, and Andrey Mikhailovich Skripnikov. "HYDROGENATION OF PINE WOOD IN SUPERCRITICAL ETHANOL WITH IR AND Pd-Ir CATALYSTS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 4, 2024): 380–88. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240415086.

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Iridium and palladium-iridium catalysts on carbon nanotubes were obtained by the hydrothermal method. The effect of the resulting catalysts on the yield and composition of pine wood hydrogenation products obtained in supercritical ethanol was studied. The influence of iridium and iridium-palladium catalysts in the process of hydrogenation of pine wood has been established. The use of iridium-palladium catalysts in the process of hydrogenation of pine wood leads to an increase in its conversion by 8 wt.%, the yield of liquid products by 11 wt.%, while reducing the yield of solid products by 8 w

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24

Premovic, Pavle, Budimir Ilic, and Milos Djordjevic. "Iridium anomaly in the cretaceous-paleogene boundary at Højerup (Stevns Klint, Denmark) and Woodside Creek (New Zealand): The question of an enormous proportion of extraterrestrial component." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 2 (2012): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110404178p.

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The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary clays at H?jerup and Woodside Creek show anomalous enrichments of iridium compared with the marine sedimentary rocks. For the average iridium content of 465 ppb in CI chondrite the estimate of the carbonaceous chondritic proportions in the decarbonated iridium-rich boundary layers, based on the integrated iridium fluencies, is about 26% at H?jerup and 65% at Woodside Creek. These proportions are most likely too high due to a significant Ir influx from the nearby marine or continental site to these sections.

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25

Bandini, Anna Laura, Guido Banditelli, Flavio Bonati, Sandro Calogero, and Friedrich E. Wagner. "An iridium-193 and gold-197 Mössbauer investigation of iridium(I), iridium(III) and iridium(I)/gold(I) complexes." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 410, no. 2 (1991): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(91)80009-9.

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26

Robertson, Thomas B. R., Leon J. Clarke, and Ryan E. Mewis. "Rapid SABRE Catalyst Scavenging Using Functionalized Silicas." Molecules 27, no. 2 (2022): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020332.

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In recent years the NMR hyperpolarisation method signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) has been applied to multiple substrates of potential interest for in vivo investigation. Unfortunately, SABRE commonly requires an iridium-containing catalyst that is unsuitable for biomedical applications. This report utilizes inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to investigate the potential use of metal scavengers to remove the iridium catalytic species from the solution. The most sensitive iridium emission line at 224.268 nm was used in the analysis. We report t

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27

Skovpin, I. V., S. V. Sviyazov, D. B. Burueva, et al. "NONEQUILIBRIUM NUCLEAR SPIN STATES OF ETHYLENE DURING ACETYLENE HYDROGENATION WITH PARAHYDROGEN OVER IMMOBILIZED IRIDIUM COMPLEXES." Доклады Российской академии наук. Химия, науки о материалах 512, no. 1 (2023): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686953522600933.

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In this work rhodium and iridium immobilized complexes were prepared and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the first time, hyperpolarized 13C-ethylene was detected directly in the gas phase during acetylene hydrogenation with parahydrogen on immobilized iridium complexes. The line shape of polarized 13С‑ethylene unambiguously indicates that the hydrogen addition to the triple bond of acetylene on immobilized iridium complexes proceeds via syn-addition. It has been shown that the selective acetylene hydrogenation with parahydrogen over immobilized iridium complexes is an ef

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28

Frijters, Corné, Hardik Jain, Jie Shen, et al. "Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition of Iridium Oxide Electrocatalyst Layers for PEM Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 38 (2023): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02381814mtgabs.

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Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) is a commonly used technique to produce green hydrogen from water. A massive upscaling of PEMWE installations is required in the coming decade to keep up with the foreseen demand for green hydrogen. State-of-the-art PEM electrolyzers make use of iridium-based electrocatalyst layers with iridium loadings of 1-2 mg/cm2. The high cost and limited availability of iridium will limit the scalability of PEMWE if the iridium loading cannot be reduced. Atomic Layer Deposition can be used to apply thin and highly conformal IrO2 films on porous substrat

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Shen, Jie, Frennie Bens, Bas van Dijk, Davide Ripepi, and Oscar Diaz-Morales. "Ultra-Low Loading IrO₂ on Porous Transport Layer for Catalysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 49 (2023): 3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02493412mtgabs.

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Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) is a commercial technology with specific advantages such as high-power density and rapid start-up times, which makes it a perfect match to produce hydrogen from intermittent renewable energy sources (green H2). [1] However, very scarce materials, such as iridium and platinum, are currently used as catalysts and protection coatings to withstand the harsh operating conditions in PEMWE. Iridium is the anode catalyst in the state-of-the-art PEMWE, with loadings in the range 1-2 mg/cm2. This metric translates into using 200-500 kg of iridium per G

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30

Chung, Tsai-Wei, Chih-Ning Huang, Po-Chun Chen, Toshihiko Noda, Takashi Tokuda, and Jun Ohta. "Fabrication of Iridium Oxide/Platinum Composite Film on Titanium Substrate for High-Performance Neurostimulation Electrodes." Coatings 8, no. 12 (2018): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120420.

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Electrode materials for neural stimulation have been widely investigated for implantable devices. Among them, iridium and iridium oxide are attractive materials for bio-interface applications due to their desirable stability, electrochemical performance, and biocompatibility. In this study, iridium oxide/platinum (IrOx/Pt) composite films were successfully fabricated on titanium substrates by chemical bath deposition and these films are expected to be used as biocompatible stimulation electrodes. We modified the film compositions to optimize the performances. In addition, these IrOx/Pt composi

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31

Tan, Zizhong, Honglei Qin, Li Cong, and Chao Zhao. "Positioning Using IRIDIUM Satellite Signals of Opportunity in Weak Signal Environment." Electronics 9, no. 1 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010037.

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In order to get rid of the dependence of the navigation and positioning system on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), radio, television, satellite, and other signals of opportunity (SOPs) can be used to achieve receiver positioning. The space-based SOPs based on satellites offer better coverage and availability than ground-based SOPs. Based on the related research of Iridium SOPs positioning in the open environment, this paper mainly focuses on the occluded environment and studies the Iridium SOPs positioning technique in weak signal environment. A new quadratic square accumulating

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32

Stoltz, Brian, Samantha Shockley, and J. Hethcox. "Intermolecular Stereoselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation: An Evolutionary Account." Synlett 29, no. 19 (2018): 2481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610217.

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Our lab has long been interested in the development of methods for the creation of enantioenriched all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. Historically, our interest has centered on palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation, though recent efforts have moved to include the study of iridium catalysts. Whereas palladium catalysts enable the preparation of isolated stereocenters, the use of iridium catalysts allows for the direct construction of vicinal stereocenters via an enantio-, diastereo-, and regioselective allylic alkylation. This Account details the evolution of our research program from incept

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33

Schenk, Wolfdieter A., and Johanna Leißner. "Oxidative Addition von H2 und HCl an Iridium-Schwefelmonoxid- und Schwefeldioxid-Komplexe/ Oxidative Addition von H2 und HCl an Iridium-Schwefelmonoxid- und Schwefeldioxid-Komplexe." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 42, no. 8 (1987): 967–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1987-0807.

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AbstractSquare planar iridium(I) complexes of sulfur monoxide and sulfur dioxide undergo oxidative addition with dihydrogen and hydrogen chloride. The resulting hydrido-iridium(III) complexes have been characterized by 1H , 31P NMR and IR spectroscopy. The limited stability of the sulfur monoxide derivatives is explained as resulting from decreased back-bonding between iridium and sulfur.

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34

SINGH, SANTOSH BAHADUR. "IRIDIUM CHEMISTRY AND ITS CATALYTIC APPLICATIONS: A BRIEF." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 2, no. 4 (2016): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2016.247.

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Iridium is very important element among the all transition metals with highest reported oxidation state i.e. +9 in gas phase existing species IrO4+. Instead of its less reactivity, it forms number of compounds having oxidation states between -3 to +9. It is second known densest element after osmium. Till now its toxicity and environmental impact is not much more reported and thus it may be use as green element in various fields of its application. Reason behinds it’s less toxicity and environmental impact may be due to its less reactivity and solubility. Corrosion and heat resistant properties

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Malinovic, Marko, Paul Paciok, Ezra Shanli Koh, et al. "Size-Controlled Synthesis of IrO₂nanoparticles at High Temperatures for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 36 (2023): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01362023mtgabs.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis is considered to play a vital role in the sustainable energy transition. The efficient generation of hydrogen is largely influenced by the slow rate of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Iridium oxide represents one of the most promising catalysts for the electrochemical oxidation of water in an acidic environment. Under harsh operating conditions at the anode, iridium oxide is found to be among the most dissolution-resistant catalysts while offering acceptable OER activity. However, iridium’s limited availability dictates high costs cen

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36

Prayogi, Yoga. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Busi Standar, Dan Busi Iridium Terhadap Daya Dan Torsi Pada MesinYamaha Force One." Surya Teknika 7, no. 1 (2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48144/suryateknika.v7i1.1626.

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    Abstract     A spark plug is a part of an internal combustion engine with an electrode tip in the combustion chamber. Spark plugs are installed to burn gasoline that has been compressed by the piston. Spark plugs are electric spark plugs. types of spark plug types include standard, iridium and platinum spark plugs. Each type of spark plug affects engine performance. Performance testing is done to find out which spark plug is right for the type of 4 stroke engine. The test results show the difference in maximum power generated from stand

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37

Palmer, Joshua H., Michael W. Day, Aaron D. Wilson, Lawrence M. Henling, Zeev Gross, and Harry B. Gray. "Iridium Corroles." Journal of the American Chemical Society 130, no. 25 (2008): 7786–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja801049t.

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38

Jones, T. "Iridium plating." Metal Finishing 102, no. 6 (2004): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(04)82560-1.

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39

Constable, E. C. "5. Iridium." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 73 (October 1986): 113–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(86)85021-4.

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Constable, Edwin C. "3 Iridium." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 98 (February 1990): 251–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(90)80071-z.

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Hannon, Michael J. "Iridium 1994." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 152 (July 1996): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(96)01277-5.

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Näther, J., F. Köster, R. Freudenberger, C. Schöberl, and T. Lampke. "Electrochemical deposition of iridium and iridium-nickel-alloys." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 181 (March 2017): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/181/1/012041.

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Adam, A. G., A. D. Granger, C. Linton, and D. W. Tokaryk. "Laser spectroscopy of iridium monohydride and iridium monodeuteride." Chemical Physics Letters 535 (May 2012): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.038.

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Esteruelas, Miguel A., Francisco J. Fernández-Alvarez, Ana M. López, Enrique Oñate, and Pilar Ruiz-Sánchez. "Iridium(I), Iridium(III), and Iridium(V) Complexes Containing the (2-Methoxyethyl)cyclopentadienyl Ligand†." Organometallics 25, no. 21 (2006): 5131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om060511f.

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Yan, Cheng, Xiyu He, Jing Li, Yunzhu Du, Fan Yang, and Junliang Zhang. "Iridium-Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (2024): 1800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341800mtgabs.

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Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) show the fast response to a wide electrical load range, making them compatible to couple with intermittent renewable energy systems such as wind and solar power. However, the low efficiency, instability, and high cost of anodic electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) severely hinder the widespread deployment of PEMWEs. Hitherto, iridium-based catalysts still play an irreplaceable role for their trade-off catalytic activity and stability. To meet the scarcity of iridium, reducing the iridium loading and designing low iridium

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Wang, Zhaoying, Zheng Lin, and Peng Diao. "Hybrids of iridium–cobalt phosphates as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction in neutral solution." Chemical Communications 55, no. 20 (2019): 3000–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc10278c.

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Kinauer, Markus, Martin Diefenbach, Heiko Bamberger, et al. "An iridium(iii/iv/v) redox series featuring a terminal imido complex with triplet ground state." Chemical Science 9, no. 18 (2018): 4325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc01113c.

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Harris, Alexander R., and Antonio G. Paolini. "Correlation of Impedance and Effective Electrode Area of Iridium Oxide Neural Electrodes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 9 (2017): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch17218.

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Iridium oxide is routinely used for bionic applications owing to its high charge injection capacity. The electrode impedance at 1 kHz is typically reported to predict neural recording performance. In this article, the impedance of activated iridium oxide films (AIROFs) has been examined. The impedance of unactivated iridium electrodes was half that of platinum electrodes of similar geometry, indicating some iridium oxide was present on the electrode surface. A two time constant equivalent circuit was used to model the impedance of activated iridium. The impedance at low and intermediate freque

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Jeong, Jaeyoung, Takuya Shimbayashi, and Ken-ichi Fujita. "Effect of a Substituent in Cyclopentadienyl Ligand on Iridium-Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols and 2-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline." Catalysts 9, no. 10 (2019): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9100846.

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New iridium(III)-bipyridonate complexes having cyclopentadienyl ligands with a series of alkyl substituents were synthesized for the purpose of tuning the catalytic activity for acceptorless dehydrogenation reactions. A comparison of the catalytic activity was performed for the reaction of alcoholic substrates such as 1-phenylethanol, 2-octanol, and benzyl alcohol. The 1-t-butyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl iridium complex exhibited the best performance, which surpassed that of the 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) iridium catalyst in the dehydrogenation reaction of alcohols.

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Kalle, Paulina, Marina A. Kiseleva, Sergei V. Tatarin, et al. "A Panchromatic Cyclometalated Iridium Dye Based on 2-Thienyl-Perimidine." Molecules 27, no. 10 (2022): 3201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103201.

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Though 2-arylperimidines have never been used in iridium(III) chemistry, the present study on structural, electronic and optical properties of N-unsubstituted and N-methylated 2-(2-thienyl)perimidines, supported by DFT/TDDFT calculations, has shown that these ligands are promising candidates for construction of light-harvesting iridium(III) complexes. In contrast to N-H perimidine, the N-methylated ligand gave the expected cyclometalated μ-chloro-bridged iridium(III) dimer which was readily converted to a cationic heteroleptic complex with 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine. The resulting iridium(

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