Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iris, drug effects

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Academic literature on the topic 'Iris, drug effects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Iris, drug effects"

1

Wagay, Javeed Iqbal, and Kirti Jain. "Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Iris kashmiriana and Iris ensata Extracts against Selected Microorganisms." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.1975.

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Infectious diseases are the second leading cause for worldwide death. Treatment of infections continues to be difficult in modern time because of the severe side effects of some drugs and the growing resistance to antibacterial agents. Over the past few decades the use of antibiotics is under threat as many commonly used antibiotics have become less effective against certain illnesses due to emergence of multi drug-resistant bacteria. In the present study the effects of 3 types of solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol were investigated to determine the presence of various phytochemical constituent, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content and in vitro antimicrobial activity from rhizomes of Iris kashmiriana (Kashmir Iris) and Iris ensata (Japanese Iris), belong to family Iridaceae. The reason for selecting in vitro method was to minimize the usage of experimental animals. The antimicrobial activity of chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of rhizomes of Iris kashmiriana and Iris ensata were evaluated on bacterial strains of Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas auregenosa, Proteus vulgaris and Eschirichia coli and fungal strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by agar well diffusion method. The preliminary phytochemical studies and quantitative analysis of alkaloids, phenol and flavonoids were performed by well reported method. These extracts were further subjected to TLC (Thin layer chromatography analysis). The chemical contents of the Iris kashmiriana and Iris ensata were presented as total phenolic content and total flavonoids content. Phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of some common compounds like phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrate etc. The antimicrobial potential of the plant extract was evaluated against different bacterial species which shows significant inhibitory action against all the tested bacterial and fungal strain. Methanolic extract was found to be more active than chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts. It reveals that the methanol soluble components of the plant are highly active against the above mentioned microorganism. Keywords: Iris kashmiriana, Iris ensata, Phytochemical constituent, Total phenolic content, Total flavonoids content, In vitro antimicrobial activity
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2

Locri, Filippo, Noemi A. Pesce, Monica Aronsson, Maurizio Cammalleri, Mario De Rosa, Vincenzo Pavone, Paola Bagnoli, Anders Kvanta, Massimo Dal Monte, and Helder André. "Gaining insight on mitigation of rubeosis iridis by UPARANT in a mouse model associated with proliferative retinopathy." Journal of Molecular Medicine 98, no. 11 (September 17, 2020): 1629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-020-01979-8.

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Abstract Proliferative retinopathies (PR) lead to an increase in neovascularization and inflammation factors, at times culminating in pathologic rubeosis iridis (RI). In mice, uveal puncture combined with injection of hypoxia-conditioned media mimics RI associated with proliferative retinopathies. Here, we investigated the effects of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) antagonist—UPARANT—on the angiogenic and inflammatory processes that are dysregulated in this model. In addition, the effects of UPARANT were compared with those of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies. Administration of UPARANT promptly decreased iris vasculature, while anti-VEGF effects were slower and less pronounced. Immunoblot and qPCR analysis suggested that UPARANT acts predominantly by reducing the upregulated inflammatory and extracellular matrix degradation responses. UPARANT appears to be more effective in comparison to anti-VEGF in the treatment of RI associated with PR in the murine model, by modulating multiple uPAR-associated signaling pathways. Furthermore, UPARANT effectiveness was maintained when systemically administered, which could open to novel improved therapies for proliferative ocular diseases, particularly those associated with PR. Key messages • Further evidence of UPARANT effectiveness in normalizing pathological iris neovascularization. • Both systemic and local administration of UPARANT reduce iris neovascularization in a model associated with proliferative retinopathies. • In the mouse models of rubeosis iridis associated with proliferative retinopathy, UPARANT displays stronger effects when compared with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor regimen.
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3

Choudhary, M. Iqbal, S. Naheed, S. Jalil, J. M. Alam, and Atta-ur-Rahman. "Effects of ethanolic extract of Iris germanica on lipid profile of rats fed on a high-fat diet." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 98, no. 1-2 (April 2005): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.013.

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4

Pesheva, Ekaterina D., and Valentin V. Fadeev. "Pioglitazone is a forgotten hypoglycemic drug with proven cardioprotective and nephroprotective properties." Consilium Medicum 23, no. 4 (2021): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2021.4.200892.

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Considering that type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multicomponent disease and is associated with an extremely high risk of macrovascular complications (myocardial infarction, stroke and death from cardiovascular diseases), at present, much attention is paid to the choice of hypoglycemic drugs, given the individual characteristics of the patient. Preference is given to drugs of those classes that have a positive effect on cardiovascular outcomes. Along with relatively new molecules (inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 and agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors), the well-known drug pioglitazone, which belongs to the thiazolidinediones group, has not left the field of attention of researchers. Importantly, the cardioprotective effect of pioglitazone has been confirmed in several large randomized trials that showed a delay in atherosclerosis and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (PERISCOPE, CHICAGO, IRIS and PROactive). As an insulin sensitizer, pioglitazone reduces insulin resistance, has a protective effect on pancreatic β-cells, and also has a beneficial effect on components of insulin resistance syndrome (lowers blood pressure, lipid spectrum parameters) and improves the course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. There is evidence of possible side effects (weight gain, fluid retention, fractures), but their severity decreases with decreasing dose of the drug.
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5

Pan, Xiaolei, Li Wang, Dirk Gründemann, and Douglas H. Sweet. "Interaction of Ethambutol with Human Organic Cation Transporters of the SLC22 Family Indicates Potential for Drug-Drug Interactions during Antituberculosis Therapy." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 10 (August 5, 2013): 5053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01255-13.

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ABSTRACTAccording to the 2012 WHO global tuberculosis (TB) report (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/75938/1/9789241564502_eng.pdf), the death rate for tuberculosis was over 1.4 million patients in 2011, with ∼9 million new cases diagnosed. Moreover, the frequency of comorbidity with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and with diabetes is on the rise, increasing the risk of these patients for experiencing drug-drug interactions (DDIs) due to polypharmacy. Ethambutol is considered a first-line antituberculosis drug. Ethambutol is an organic cation at physiological pH, and its major metabolite, 2,2′-(ethylenediimino)dibutyric acid (EDA), is zwitterionic. Therefore, we assessed the effects of ethambutol and EDA on the function of human organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1), hOCT2, and hOCT3 and that of EDA on organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) and hOAT3. Potent inhibition of hOCT1- and hOCT2-mediated transport by ethambutol (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 92.6 ± 10.9 and 253.8 ± 90.8 μM, respectively) was observed. Ethambutol exhibited much weaker inhibition of hOCT3 (IC50= 4.1 ± 1.6 mM); however, significant inhibition (>80%) was observed at physiologically relevant concentrations in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after oral dosing. EDA failed to exhibit any inhibitory effects that warranted further investigation. DDI analysis indicated a strong potential for ethambutol interaction on hOCT1 expressed in enterocytes and hepatocytes and on hOCT3 in enterocytes, which would alter absorption, distribution, and excretion of coadministered cationic drugs, suggesting thatin vivopharmacokinetic studies are necessary to confirm drug safety and efficacy. In particular, TB patients with coexisting HIV or diabetes might experience significant DDIs in situations of coadministration of ethambutol and clinical therapeutics known to be hOCT1/hOCT3 substrates (e.g., lamivudine or metformin).
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6

DeFronzo, Ralph A., Silvio Inzucchi, Muhammad Abdul-Ghani, and Steven E. Nissen. "Pioglitazone: The forgotten, cost-effective cardioprotective drug for type 2 diabetes." Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1479164118825376.

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Type 2 diabetes individuals are at high risk for macrovascular complications: myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Recent cardiovascular outcome trials have demonstrated that agents in two antidiabetic classes (SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists) reduce major adverse cardiovascular events. However, there is strong evidence that an older and now generically available medication, the thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, can retard the atherosclerotic process (PERISCOPE and Chicago) and reduce cardiovascular events in large randomized prospective cardiovascular outcome trials (IRIS and PROactive). Pioglitazone is a potent insulin sensitizer, preserves beta-cell function, causes durable reduction in HbA1c, corrects multiple components of metabolic syndrome and improves nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adverse effects (weight gain, fluid retention, fractures) must be considered, but are diminished with lower doses and are arguably outweighed by these multiple benefits. With healthcare expenses attributable to diabetes increasing rapidly, this cost-effective drug requires reconsideration in the therapeutic armamentarium for the disease.
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7

Mataveli, Fábio, Alessandra Calabró, Wellington Mendes, Denizar Vianna, Pedro Dorlhiac-Llacer, Ricardo Bigni, and Vania Hungria. "Cost-Effectiveness of Imatinib Versus Interferon-α in the Treatment of Patients Newly Diagnosed with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, under the Brazilian Public Healthcare System Perspective." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 3314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.3314.3314.

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Abstract The 60-month follow-up data for patients randomized to imatinib in IRIS demonstrated significant clinical improvements in survival rates and QALYs gained (17,09 years;13,58 QALYs) in patients newly diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and treated with imatinib in comparison to patients under interferon-alpha (INF-α) (9,10 years;6,31 QALYS) as first line therapy. Although reimbursed as second line therapy for chronic phase CML patients who did not respond to INF-α, imatinib was not considered for public reimbursement as first line treatment in Brazil based solely on drug costs. An economic evaluation of imatinib as first line treatment versus INF-α was performed under the Brazilian Public Heathcare System perspective, according to the long-term follow-up data from IRIS, literature recommendations and prior health technology assessment from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) to consider long term follow-up survival and adverse events costs. This study was aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of imatinib compared with IFN-α for first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia under the Brazilian public healthcare system perspective. For the economic model, a base case of 100 patients for each treatment option was constructed focused on drug costs and adverse events. Drug costs were estimated based on the Brazilian public healthcare reimbursement payment (APAC-SUS) for chronic phase CML treatment. Febrile neutropenia (grade III and IV), depression, nausea and abnormal liver-function results were considered as adverse events. Clinical guidelines and protocols from two public hematology Brazilian centers, Fundação Pró-Sangue FM-USP and Instituto Nacional do Cancer, were used to estimate adverse events treatment costs. Adverse events frequency for all grades was based on data published by NICE and the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. Due to the high crossover rate from INF-α to Imatinib group observed in the IRIS study (90% from INF-α to imatinib within a year of study entry) the estimated life time survival for INF-α treatment group was based on the European Study Group on Interferon in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Utilities values from the IRIS study were used for both groups. Annual discount rates were of 6% for costs and 1.5% for QALYs. The annual average costs for the treatment of adverse effects in the INF-α were 1.83 higher than the imatinib group. Adverse events lifetime costs for INF-α were 24% higher than imatinib, even tough imatinib granted a projected 6.3 years survival advantage over INF-α. The resulting incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of imatinib, compared with IFNα, considering adverse events was US$ 18,637 per QALY gained. Assuming a conservative cost-effectiveness threshold of less than US$ 25,500, which is three times the GDP per capita in Brazil (US$ 8,500 in 2005), the ICER for imatinib compared with INF-α falls within the range considered by the World Heath Organization as a cost-effective fist line treatment for patients newly diagnosed with CML.
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8

Cui, Yan-Mei, Hui Wang, Quan-Ru Liu, Mei Han, Yang Lu, and Chang-Qi Zhao. "Flavans from Iris tenuifolia and their effects on β-amyloid aggregation and neural stem cells proliferation in vitro." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 21, no. 15 (August 2011): 4400–4403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.039.

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9

Salukhov, V. V., and E. A. Kovalevskaya. "Rethinking the role of pioglitazone in modern diabetology as a cardiorenoprotective agent." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 10 (June 18, 2022): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-10-10-21.

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Thiazolidinediones are insulin sensitizers – a class of antidiabetic drugs that reducing insulin resistance, convincingly improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition to glucose-reducing action, a representative of this class – pioglitazone in studies demonstrates other pleiotropic effects associated with a decrease in blood pressure, a decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prothrombotic factors, correction of dyslipidemia and improving the state of the vascular wall. In accordance with these anti-atherogenic and metabolic effects of pioglitazone in patients with confirmed cardiovascular diseases, he reduced the frequency of development of large atherosclerotic events in prospective randomized clinical studies (studies of PROactive and IRIS), as well as in meta-analyses of all published studies of pioglitazone. Pioglitazone reduces albuminuria and proteinuria, mortality from all causes and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. In other studies, the intake of pioglitazone was associated with mobilization of fat from liver in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with an improvement in its function and a positive effect on fibrosis. This article also provides an analysis of unwanted phenomena that were noted during the study of pioglitazone. The identified weight increase, swelling, bone fractures of the limbs, have a rare frequency of occurrence and dose-dependent nature. Indeed, when using low doses of pioglitazone (7.5–30 mg/day), the ratio of benefit/risk for the drug seems very favorable. At the same time, the benefits of pioglitazone with a significant improvement in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes are higher with secondary than with primary prevention in patients with both 2TDM and prediabetes/insulin resistance, most likely due to positive effects on atherosclerosis
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10

Dai, Xiao-Yu, Yong-Ming Yu, Zheng-Fang Kong, Yi-Sheng Cao, Dan-Dan Huang, Xiao-Rong Hu, Zuo-An Huang, Yang-Yang Xie, and Shun Zhang. "Tectorigenin inhibits Caco-2 human colon cells via NF-κB pathway suppression." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 10, no. 4 (November 18, 2015): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v10i4.23833.

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<p class="Abstract">Effective immunomodulator and pro-inflammatory cytokine, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are considered to be responsible for connecting autoimmune pathological process and contagious diseases. TNF-α stimulates the C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) expression that is participated in migration of tumor, metastasis, and invasion. Tectorigenin, an o-methylated isoflavone, is present as a major portion in the Iris tectorum rhizomes. In this study, we investigated the tectorigenin effects as an anticancer drug. The obtained results showed that tectorigenin hinders the invasion of human colon cancer cells (Caco-2). We used reverse transcription PCR, q-PCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays to test whether the tectorigenin is involved in the inhibition of TNF-α induced CXCL-10 expression in the Caco-2 cell lines. Further, we tested TNF-α induced NF-κB activity using the tectorigenin. Collective results showed that tectorigenin inhibits the CXCL10 production by using TNF-α via NF-κB inhibition.</p><p> </p>
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Books on the topic "Iris, drug effects"

1

The pupil. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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Alexandridis, E. The pupil. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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Friars, James Dann. The effects of new drug information on Irish general practitioners. Dublin: University College Dublin, Centre for Health Economics, 1994.

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Friars, James Dann. The effects of new drug information on Irish general practitioners. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1994.

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Alexandridis, Evangelos, Terry Telger, and F. C. Blodi. Pupil. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Alexandridis, E. The Pupil. Springer, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Iris, drug effects"

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Burton, Rosie, and Ana Houston. "HIV medicine." In Oxford Handbook of Tropical Medicine 5e, 69–142. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198810858.003.0003.

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Epidemiology, Virology and immunology, infection, Antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections, Antiretroviral drugs, doses and adverse effects, viral failure, Common clinical problems in HIV, HIV-related malignancy, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS), HIV prevention strategies, Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT), Post-exposure prophylaxis
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Conference papers on the topic "Iris, drug effects"

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Shafahi, Maryam, and Parham Piroozan. "Model of Drug Delivery to the Eye." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39438.

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Ocular diseases cause vision deficiency and blindness in a substantial number of people in the world every day. Therefore, a controlled and sustained system of drug delivery to a specific spot within the eye is of interest for the ophthalmology community. The unique and complicated anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the eye make this organ highly resistant to drug delivery systems. The major challenge is to improve the efficiency of each treatment method along with avoiding the invasive techniques which damage the eye’s protective barrier tissues. In this work we make a computer model for the drug delivery to the anterior sections of the eye and provide a summary of transport characteristics of the eye, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the utilized drugs. A two dimensional finite element model is utilized to solve the conservation of mass and momentum equations within different eye sub-domains such as cornea, anterior chamber, iris and sclera. The commercial software Comsol Multiphysics was utilized to obtain the profile of concentration in the eye and the grid independency of the numerical results has been checked. The results are being shown in terms of transient drug concentration profile in the eye subdomains. The influence of the modeling parameters on the efficiency of the drug delivery system is studied. The effect of physical variables such as drug molecular size and its bioavailability are investigated. The results are compared with the available literature data which are based on the drug diffusion within the domain.
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