Relevant bibliographies by topics / Irish Hunger Strike, Northern Ireland, 1981

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Irish Hunger Strike, Northern Ireland, 1981'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Irish Hunger Strike, Northern Ireland, 1981"

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McGowan, Christopher. "Workers Entering the Prison." Qui Parle 29, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 343–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10418385-8743016.

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Abstract This article argues that Steve McQueen’s Hunger (2008) represents an unexpected but compelling mutation of the genre of postindustrial labor film. Hunger depicts the protests of Irish republican prisoners inside the Maze Prison that culminated in the 1981 Irish hunger strike. At the same time, the film develops an extended representation of the labor of the prison workers who beat, humiliate, care for, and counsel the prisoners throughout the protests. By combining and reworking the genres of labor film, prison film, and Irish Troubles film, Hunger imagines the prison as a microcosm of a deindustrialized Northern Irish economy where labor has left the factory and become conjoined to the disciplinary power of the state, either as police work or as care work. In this way, Hunger attends to the “spirit” of what Lenin called the “labor aristocracy,” here reduced to the work of maintaining the very boundary between itself and those excluded from it. McQueen’s attention to the body and to the affective dimensions of labor and struggle, the article argues, allows Hunger to achieve a uniquely committed, totalizing representation of the political economy of Northern Ireland.
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Gallagher, Richard. "Unionist Screws: Depictions of Northern Irish Unionists in British and Irish Cinema." Journal of British Cinema and Television 21, no. 1 (January 2024): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2024.0700.

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This article explores the representation of Northern Irish unionists in British and Irish cinema by investigating a dominant way that the community has been portrayed in fiction films: as prison officers and orderlies. Specifically, Northern Irish unionists have been portrayed as prison officers and orderlies employed in the Maze and Armagh prisons during the period of republican unrest which culminated in hunger strikes in 1981, and a mass prison escape in 1983. The films that depict, to varying degrees, these characters as belonging to the Northern Irish unionist community include Some Mother’s Son (1996), H3 (2001), Silent Grace (2001), Hunger (2008) and Maze (2017). In these films, the typical representation of Northern Irish unionists reflects both the community’s general ‘othering’ in cinema and the film-makers’ primary interest in Irish nationalism when depicting Northern Ireland. Thus, unionist characters are usually depicted abjectly and feature only as adjuncts to narratives that are principally about Irish nationalists. This study aims to build upon a range of critical work in this area and to add to broader debates that have identified this cinematic deficit whereby Northern Irish unionists are depicted more critically and less frequently than Irish nationalists.
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Hanley, Brian. "‘But then they started all this killing’: attitudes to the I.R.A. in the Irish Republic since 1969." Irish Historical Studies 38, no. 151 (May 2013): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400001589.

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This article examines one of the most intense divisions between Irish nationalists during the Northern Ireland conflict. The Provisional I.R.A. claimed to be waging a similar war to that of the I.R.A. of the revolutionary era (1916–1921); an assertion disputed by many. The argument was significant because all the major political forces in the Irish Republic honoured the memory of what they called the ‘old’ I.R.A. (defined in a popular school history book as ‘the men who fought for Irish freedom between 1916 and 1923’). They argued that in contrast to the Provisionals, the ‘old’ I.R.A. possessed a democratic mandate and avoided causing civilian casualties. Echoes of these disputes resurfaced during Sinn Féin's bid for the Irish presidency during 2011. Commemorating Denis Barry, an anti-treaty I.R.A. prisoner who died on hunger strike in 1923, Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin claimed that in contrast to men like Barry ‘those who waged war in Northern Ireland during the more recent Troubles were an impediment to Irish unity and directly responsible for causing distress and grief to many families. Yet they still seek to hijack history and the achievements of the noble people who fought for Ireland in our War of Independence … to justify their terrorist campaign.’
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Bonakdarian, Mansour. "Iranian consecration of Irish nationalist ‘martyrs’: the Islamic Republic of Iran and the 1981 republican prisoners’ hunger strike in Northern Ireland." Social History 43, no. 3 (July 3, 2018): 293–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2018.1472884.

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Maynes, Paddy. "Hunger strike in H-Block: the disavowal of passivity." International Journal of Forensic Psychotherapy 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ijfp.v2n2.2020.113.

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The hunger strikes in prison in Northern Ireland took place forty years ago. Since then, much has changed in the politics of Northern Ireland. The hunger strikes of 1980 and 1981 were formative in the progress from violence, and the use of the body as a weapon, to inclusion and participation in democratic political institutions. This article, first published, in longer form, twenty years ago (Maynes, 2000) places the hunger strikes within a psychoanalytic understanding in order to more fully understand some of the dynamics of violence towards others and towards the self.
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McKeever, C. F., S. Joseph, and J. McCormack. "Memory of Northern Irish Catholics and Protestants for Violent Incidents and Their Explanations for the 1981 Hunger Strike." Psychological Reports 73, no. 2 (October 1993): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.2.463.

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The aim of this study was to examine the memory of Northern Irish Catholics ( n = 20) and Protestants ( n = 21) for violent events which had occurred over the previous 11 years and their explanations for those events. It was predicted that Catholics would recall more events involving Catholic deaths than Protestants and that Protestants would recall more events involving Protestant deaths than Catholics. Although Catholics were as likely as Protestants to recall incidents which resulted in Protestant deaths, Protestants were less likely than Catholics to recall incidents involving Catholic deaths. Also, there were divergent explanations for the 1981 hunger strike with most Protestants attributing responsibility to factors internal to the hunger strikers and most Catholics attributing responsibility to factors external to the hunger strikers.
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Mulcahy, Aogan. "Claims-Making and the Construction of Legitimacy: Press Coverage of the 1981 Northern Irish Hunger Strike." Social Problems 42, no. 4 (November 1995): 449–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.1995.42.4.03x0127w.

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Yuill, Chris. "The Body as Weapon: Bobby Sands and the Republican Hunger Strikes." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 2 (March 2007): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1348.

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The 1981 Hunger Strike marked an important point in the Northern Ireland conflict, shifting its focus away from city streets and country lanes into the H-Block prison. Here republican prisoners used their embodiment to resist and fight back at attempts to recast them as criminals as opposed to the soldiers they perceived themselves to be. Given the centrality of the body and embodiment in the prison struggle this paper will theorise the ‘body-as-weapon’ as a modality of resistance. This will begin by interrogating key themes within the sociology of the body before discussing and dismissing an alternative explanation of the Hunger Strike: the actions of the hunger strikers standing in the traditions of heroic Gaelic myths and Catholic martyrdom. Finally, drawing from the sociology of the body, I will then proceed to discuss how the body and embodiment deployed in this manner can be effective, concentrating on how the ‘body-as-weapon’: (i) acts as a resource for minority political groups; (ii) destabilises notions of the body in modernity and related to that point (iii) engages in a ‘hidden’ impulse of modernity, that of self-sacrifice.
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Campbell, Sean. "‘Agitate, educate, organise’: partisanship, popular music and the Northern Ireland conflict." Popular Music 39, no. 2 (May 2020): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143019000242.

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AbstractThis article explores popular-musical invocations of the Northern Ireland conflict (1968–1998), focussing specifically on the period between the IRA hunger strike of 1981 and the British Government's Broadcasting Act in 1988. Whilst most songs addressed to the ‘Troubles’ were marked by (lyrical) abstraction and (political) non-alignment, this period witnessed a series of efforts that issued upfront and partisan views. The article explores two such instances – by That Petrol Emotion and Easterhouse – addressing each band's respective views as well as the specific performance strategies that they deployed in staging their interventions. Drawing on original interviews that the author has conducted with the musicians – alongside extensive archival research of print and audio/visual media – the article explores the bands’ songs in conjunction with salient ancillary media (such as record sleeves, videos and interviews), yielding a more nuanced account of popular music's engagement with the ‘Troubles’ than has been offered in existing work (which often assumes the form of broad surveys).
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Petrizzo, Francesca. "‘Dead faces laugh’: Medievalist hungers and Irish republican time, 1917-1981." postmedieval, February 2, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41280-023-00302-1.

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AbstractThe article analyses the temporal entanglements of personal and historical time through hunger-striking protests in Ireland and their commemoration in medieval imagery, reflecting on the role of medievalism and temporality in nation-building by insurgent agents. Between 1917 and 1981, twenty-two Irish republican paramilitary prisoners undertook hunger strikes to the death for recognition of political status and protest against their prison regimes. While some of these deaths went unremarked by the wider public because of state censorship and lack of support, others catalysed worldwide attention, and succeeded in pitching a compelling national and political narrative for their supporters. The article focuses on how the use of medievalism in examining and commemorating these deaths highlights the vivid temporal collapse between the present of the individual and the past of the nation, and the way this can appeal to the protest’s audience, while making a powerful political bid for the legitimacy of the insurgents’ national narrative. The article examines temporal entanglement both as practiced by the audience of the hunger strikes, from poets such as W.B. Yeats and Seamus Heaney to journalists and scholars, and by the republican community itself, whether by hunger strike survivors, their comrades, or their families, bringing together literary, material, and art historical evidence to show its relevance and pervasiveness. By doing so, the article achieves a study of the ways medievalist temporalities interact with political and personal history, in a bid for the ownership and definition of the nation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Irish Hunger Strike, Northern Ireland, 1981"

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Scott, Shannon. "The once and future Bobby Sands : a critique of the material rhetorical appeal of the 1981 hunger strike in Long Kesh Prison /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6159.

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Simuna, E. (Erja). "The many faces of a conflict:representations of the 1981 Northern Irish hunger strike in international press." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526214856.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the international news coverage of the 1981 Northern Irish hunger strike. The media had plenty of emotionally and politically charged incidents to report, and they rendered it in various manners. This study discusses why these different representations of the hunger strike were born. This thesis analyses news about the hunger strike published in fifteen international newspapers. For this kind of research, historical contextualization is of great importance. Methodological starting point lies in the traditions of imagological methods. A mental image is understood here as something in our thoughts that steers us to see the world in a certain way. A newspaper depicts news stories in a way the newspaper and the society in which it operates see its worth. Media representations have a very complex background. Based on the findings, it seems likely that existing mental images play a major role in the way a news topic is covered and given meaning. In this case, news coverage was not based solely on the hunger strike but also on historical discourse which had created a certain meaning for the event. The coverage of each newspaper was based on their own worldviews. Internationally, the level of interest is determined by varied cultural and political factors. News coverage both reflects and affects. News from other countries is more likely to be reported if some links exists, something to identify and consider significant. The findings of the research suggest that news coverage is not always just the reporting of events. It can reflect more profound features. Each media source has its own reasons to represent news in a certain way. Primarily, the reasoning points to the medium itself. However, we can argue that news coverage also reflects the values of a community. News is usually produced to appeal to the majority of the intended audience. This case illustrates that international news coverage is a useful method in revealing and understanding mental images and their influence
Tiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan Pohjois-Irlannin tasavaltalaisvankien nälkälakon kansainvälistä uutisointia vuonna 1981. Tapahtuma sisälsi poliittisesti ja emotionaalisesti latautuneita tilanteita, joita kansainvälinen media uutisoi eri tavoin. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitetään, miksi erilaisia mediarepresentaatioita syntyi. Tutkimuksen päälähteenä käytetään viittätoista sanomalehteä eri puolilta maailmaa. Historiallisella kontekstoinnilla on suuri merkitys tämänkaltaisessa tutkimuksessa. Tämän työn metodologinen lähtökohta nojaa voimakkaasti mielikuvatutkimuksen periaatteisiin. Tässä tutkimuksessa mielikuva käsitetään ajattelua ja maailmankuvaa ohjaavana käsityksenä, ja sanomalehtiuutisoinnin luomat mielikuvat heijastavat niin lehden itsensä kuin ympäröivän kontekstin käsityksiä. Median luomilla mielikuvilla on monitahoinen tausta. Tutkimustuloksien perusteella on todennäköistä, että jo olemassa olevat mielikuvat vaikuttavat voimakkaasti uutisoinnin luonteeseen ja annettuun merkitykseen. Nälkälakon uutisointi ei perustunut pelkästään itse lakkoon ja sen tapahtumiin, vaan uutisointiin vaikuttivat myös historian kautta annetut merkitykset. Jokainen lehti uutisoi tapahtumasta omaan maailmankuvaansa perustuen. Uutisointi sekä heijastelee että vaikuttaa: media uutisoi herkemmin tapahtumista, joilla koetaan olevan merkitystä. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella uutisointi ei aina ole pelkästään raportointia. Jokaisella tiedotusvälineellä on omat syynsä uutisoida tietyllä tavalla. Ensisijaisesti syyt ovat mediassa itsessään, mutta media heijastelee myös ympäristönsä arvoja ja käsityksiä
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Page, Michael von Tangen. "The IRA, Sinn Fein and the hunger strike of 1981." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14348.

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This thesis examines the 1981 hunger strike by republican prisoners in Northern Ireland against the removal of special category status from newly convicted paramilitary prisoners on 1 March 1976, the fast was part of a protest that began in 1976. The thesis opens with an examination of the origins of the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1969 and the emergence of a younger leadership in the late 1970's, and evaluates the significance of the prisons in Irish history. The development of the prisoners protests ranging from the refusal to put on a uniform and perform prison work to the rejection of sanitary or washing facilities, is analysed. The prisoners demands are examined in the context of British and international law. The campaign in support of the republican prisoners conducted outside the Maze Prison, including the formation of the Relatives Action Committee and the National H-Block/Armagh Committee is surveyed, and the female "dirty" protest at Armagh Prison is examined. The medical, ethical, and moral dilemmas presented by hunger striking are identified and the thesis examines the debate whether the men who died were suicides or martyrs. The 1980 and 1981 hunger strikes are examined with particular attention to the efforts to bring about a compromise with the British government and the factors leading to a new hunger strike in 1981 and to the intervention of the Catholic Church with the prisoners relatives which ended the fast. The hunger strike is analysed regarding its effect internationally in building up republican support, and in the Province where it acted as the base for the future success of Provisional Sinn Fein later in the decade.
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Herman, Jeanette Marie Carter Mia Moore Lisa. "Empire's bodies images of suffering in nineteenth and twentieth-century India and Ireland /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3143268.

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Herman, Jeanette Marie. "Empire's bodies: images of suffering in nineteenth and twentieth-century India and Ireland." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1197.

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Books on the topic "Irish Hunger Strike, Northern Ireland, 1981"

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Beresford, David. Ten men dead: The story of the 1981 Irish hunger strike. London: Grafton Books, 1989.

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1948-, Moloney Ed, ed. Afterlives: The hunger strike and the secret offer that changed Irish history. Dublin: Lilliput, 2010.

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B, Campbell J., McKeown Laurence, and O'Hagan Felim, eds. Nor meekly serve my time: The H-block struggle, 1976-1981. Belfast: Beyond the Pale, 1994.

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Ross, F. Stuart. Smashing H-block: The rise and fall of the popular campaign against criminalization, 1976-1982. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2011.

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O'Rawe, Richard. Blanketmen: An untold story of the H-block hunger strike. Dublin: New Island, 2005.

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O'Malley, Padraig. Biting at the grave: The Irish hunger strikes and the politics of despair. Belfast: Blackstaff, 1990.

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Ellmann, Maud. The hunger artists: Starving, writing, and imprisonment. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993.

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Danny, Morrison, ed. Hunger strike: Reflections on the 1981 hunger strike. Dingle, Co. Kerry, Ireland: Brandon, 2006.

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Ellmann, Maud. The hunger artists: Starving, writing, and imprisonment. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1993.

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Mulcahy, Aogán. Claims-Making and the Construction of Legitimacy: Press Coverage of the 1981 Northern Irish Hunger Strike. [U.S.]: Society for the Study of Social Problems, Inc., 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Irish Hunger Strike, Northern Ireland, 1981"

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McIvor, Charlotte, and Ian R. Walsh. "Crisis, Uncertainty and Scandal (1980–1994)." In Contemporary Irish Theatre, 63–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55012-6_4.

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AbstractEconomic instability in the 1980s halted the societal change of the previous decades ushering in political uncertainty, renewed Catholic conservatism and moral hypocrisy while the death of political prisoners on hunger strike escalated the violence in the North. Despite these conditions this chapter demonstrates how theatrical activity flourished with new companies formed who embraced collaborative modes of theatremaking, confronted global issues and made sure women’s voices were heard. Playwrights looked to the past to understand the present conflict in the North and confronted systemic abuse in Catholic institutions. Revivals of O’Casey proved popular and controversial. With the end of the 1980s the early 1990s saw the authority of the Catholic Church collapsed by scandals, the decriminalisation of homosexuality and movements towards peace in Northern Ireland.
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Smith, Howard. "BBC Current Affairs Coverage of the 1981 Hunger Strike." In The Northern Ireland Question in British Politics, 174–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24606-9_11.

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von Page, Michael Tangen. "The Inter-relationship of the Press and Politicians during the 1981 Hunger Strike at the Maze Prison." In The Northern Ireland Question in British Politics, 162–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24606-9_10.

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Scull, Margaret M. "‘The Men of Violence’, 1976–1981." In The Catholic Church and the Northern Ireland Troubles, 1968-1998, 88–116. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843214.003.0003.

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This chapter is devoted to the prison protests in Long Kesh/Maze Prison. It evaluates Church responses to the evolving protest by republican paramilitary prisoners on their quest for ‘five demands’ for political prisoner status. The chapter will culminate with the 1980 and 1981 hunger strikes which saw the deaths of ten men in the prison, including Bobby Sands, and more than sixty deaths outside caused by heightened community tensions. At this point, the English and Irish Catholic Churches faced their greatest point of division over the issue of hunger striking as suicide; a schism often reported by the British media. Fr Denis Faul, a civil rights activist, effectively ended the 1981 hunger strike by convincing the families to medically intervene. The legacy of the strikes fractured the tenuous relationship between the Church and Irish Republicans, marking a major turning point in the conflict.
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Sanders, Andrew. "Thatcher, Reagan, and Northern Ireland." In The Long Peace Process, 139–84. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786940445.003.0005.

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The election of Ronald Reagan in 1980 reinforced one of the most famous international alliances, often known as the “special relationship”, and this chapter explores the ways in which Reagan was often caught between the direction of the US Congress, in particular Speaker of the House Tip O’Neill and Senator Ted Kennedy, and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The changing dynamics of the conflict in Northern Ireland saw electoral politics rise to prominence, particularly following the 1981 hunger strike that saw ten republican prisoners starve to death, with two of the men elected to public office in London and Dublin. The influence of both O’Neill and Reagan on the 1985 Anglo Irish Agreement, a significant moment in the developing peace process, is also examined in this chapter, as is the issue of the extradition of IRA on-the-runs from the US to the UK.
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Torrance, Isabelle. "Post-Ceasefire Antigones and Northern Ireland." In Classics and Irish Politics, 1916-2016, 326–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864486.003.0017.

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This chapter traces the evocation of Antigone in the context of the Northern Irish conflict, from Conor Cruise O’Brien and Tom Paulin to the remarkable number Antigone plays which have appeared post-ceasefire but allude to the conflict and its legacy. The Burial at Thebes by Seamus Heaney (2004) was inspired by the funeral of hunger-striker Francis Hughes in 1981. Ismene by Stacey Gregg (2006) responds to the sisters of Robert McCartney, who was brutally murdered by paramilitaries in 2005. Antigone (2008) by Owen McCafferty alludes to power-sharing and casts Creon as a soldier-turned-politician in ways that have contemporary political resonances. Norah by Gerard Humphreys (2018) portrays the sister of a fictional hunger-striker as an Antigone figure. The proliferation of dead bodies and the contested ownership of those bodies in all these plays show that Ireland is still dealing with the trauma of the conflict.
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"Thatcher, the second Irish Republican hunger strike and Anglo-Irish relations, 1981." In Margaret Thatcher, the Conservative Party and the Northern Ireland Conflict, 1975–1990. Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350115415.ch-005.

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Savage, Robert J. "The Hunger Strikes." In Northern Ireland, the BBC, and Censorship in Thatcher's Britain, 9–43. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849748.003.0002.

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This chapter addresses how the infamous hunger strikes of 1980/1 were explained to national and international audiences. It considers the propaganda war waged between Irish republicans and the British government as each struggled to control how these events would be portrayed in the regional, national, but especially international arena. The chapter focuses on how the broadcast media tried to address the crisis unfolding at the Maze Prison in the face of withering criticism from the Thatcher government and its allies. The hostile reaction of the British public to news coverage of the hunger strikes is addressed as is the reaction of broadcasters who remained determined to provide accurate information about these events. The inability of the Thatcher government to successfully challenge the compelling republican narrative of an elected Member of Parliament starving himself to death in an effort to be recognized as a legitimate political prisoner is addressed. The chapter also explores how the hunger strikes were understood and presented in the international media. The sympathy the prison protest gained in much of the world is addressed as is the consternation this caused for the Thatcher government and its allies.
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Scull, Margaret M. "Catholic Responses to Violence in Northern Ireland." In The Oxford Handbook of Religion in Modern Ireland, 454–70. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198868699.013.12.

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Abstract This chapter illustrates tensions between Irish Catholic bishops, individual priests, and women religious in their reactions to the Northern Ireland Troubles. The institutional Irish Catholic Church acted as an unofficial mouthpiece for the Catholic community, with the international media regularly questioning Irish bishops on their perceived inability to stop republican violence. While Irish bishops publicly condemned republican paramilitary violence, it was individual priests and women religious ‘on the ground’ who privately acted as intermediaries between the British government and republican paramilitaries to bring about a peaceful solution to the conflict. The Irish Catholic Church regularly faced pressure throughout the conflict, yet this pressure intensified during key events such as the introduction of internment without trial, the 1980–81 hunger strikes, republican funerals and the issue of excommunication, and the peace process. These specific moments during the conflict illustrate the differing opinions and actions of individual church members to institutional pressures.
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McNamee, Eugene. "Eye Witness: Memorialising Humanity in Steve McQueen’s Hunger." In ReFocus: The Films of Steve McQueen, 41–58. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399510936.003.0004.

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Approaches McQueen’s film Hunger as a ‘humanist’ intervention in retrospective discussions of the conflict in Northern Ireland that successfully avoids political partisanship. Explores the aesthetics and politics of the film, which centres on the 1981 hunger strike and death in the Maze Prison/Long Kesh of IRA prisoner Bobby Sands.
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