Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'IRM'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'IRM.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Graef, Marc de. "IRM de l'endométriose externe." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11100.
Full textSilbermann-Hoffman, Olivia. "IRM et corps calleux." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M155.
Full textGoursaud, Olivier. "La pelvimetrie par irm." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M070.
Full textOldrini, Guillaume. "Dépistage en IRM mammaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0282/document.
Full textBreast MRI has a prominent place in breast imaging. Its wider use is limited in particular by its cost and the limited number of machines. We have worked on several aspects of this problem. In a first step, we changed the positioning from procubitus to decubitus. This showed that the decubitus allowed a better topographic correlation of the lesions with the ultrasound and was better tolerated by the patients. In a second step, we studied the factors of reduction of the acquisition time via the sequences with high temporal resolution and an abbreviated protocol. These changes should make it easier for patients to access MRI, reduce costs while maintaining the same sensitivity and specificity values as the standard protocol
Bidault, François. "Optimisation des séquences IRM et positionnement en carcinologie cervico-faciale de la TEP-IRM." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL060.
Full textThe imaging workup for Head and Neck (ENT) cancers uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. PET-MRI combines these two modalities and makes it possible to consider multiparametric exploration of ENT cancers. The implementation of a PET-MRI imaging protocol raises instrumentation questions.OjectivesThe objectives were to: quantify and correct arterial flow-related enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI ; measure the precision of the T1 relaxation times maps and measure the T1 relaxation time of ENT cancer ; calculate the lung nodules detection rate by the MRI zero echo time sequence (ZTE) and evaluate the accuracy of lung nodules size measurement ; compare radiomic features values for different magnetic field strength (3 Tesla versus 1.5 Tesla). The study of the arterial flow-related enhancement and its correction was carried out with a 3 Tesla imager and a flow apparatus, then in humans. The T1 mapping study was performed with a 3 Tesla imager and calibration phantoms, the T1 measurement of ENT cancer was performed in 10 patients. The study of the ZTE sequence was performed by two readers with a 3 Tesla imager in comparison with the computed tomography (CTscan, gold standard) in 12 patients. The study of texture indices was performed with 3 Tesla and 1.5 Tesla imagers and “homemade phantoms”, with an open access texture software and then in 10 healthy volunteers. The MRI saturation method of the carotid arterial flow effectively corrects the alteration of the signal of the arterial input function related to the flow-related enhancement. Its application makes it possible to consider performing MRI perfusion / permeability acquisitions that meet the recommendations of learned societies in terms of temporal resolution (less than 5 seconds) while being adapted to ENT anatomy and to the combination of parametric imaging. The value of the relaxation time T1 of squamous cell carcinoma of the VADS is calculated at 1314.5 ms (± 246.1). Performing T1 mapping requires calibration of clinical MRI sequences using a phantom and reference MRI sequences.The detection rate of pulmonary nodules by ZTE is 53% (CI95% [48-58]), and 85% (CI95% [78-92]) for nodules of size more than 9 mm. The correlation between the size of the nodules with the ZTE sequence and the size on the CTscan is excellent. Areas for improvement of the sequence may focus on increasing spatial resolution and optimizing control of respiratory movement.The values of the texture indices in MRI vary with the intensity of the magnetic field (3 Tesla versus 1.5 Tesla). These results contribute to the development of a protocol for acquiring PET-MRI images in ENT oncology. Two clinical studies are in progress using these results. These studies will make it possible to evaluate the performance of the PET-MRI and of the combination of parametric MRI and PET imaging in ENT cancer, with a high level of histological evidence
Hey, Silke. "Thermothérapies guidées par IRM : développements méthodologiques en thermométrie par IRM et méthodes d’asservissement automatique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14191/document.
Full textMR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) using proton resonance frequency (PRF) based thermometry is a promising technique for non-invasive ablations in tumor therapy as well as for targeted drug delivery and the activation of transgenes. This work presents further developments in the field of PRF thermometry in the presence of periodical physiological motion and the associated magnetic field variations. Using the examples of thermometry in the human breast and the human heart, new correction strategies are presented which extend the established multi-baseline phase correction to include a model of the phase variation and external sensor readings from a pencil-beam navigator. In addition further factors, namely the presence of fat in the breast and blood flow in the heart influencing the performance of MR thermometry in these organs are examined.In the second part of this work, the issue of precise temperature control has been approached in two ways. First, an improved proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller using adaptive control parameters is developed. By expanding the concept of temperature control to 3D, an implementation of volumetric heating is presented. A novel slice sweep technique provides volumetric anatomic and temperature information in near-real time. The combination with 2D motion compensation and adaptation of the ultrasound beam position allows to achieve volumetric heating according to a pre-defined target temperature or thermal dose value even in the presence of motion
Poulin, Éric. "Modélisation pharmacocinétique combinée IRM-TEP." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6351.
Full textPieuchot, Pierre. "Angio-IRM du trépied jambier." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11025.
Full textMartin, Françoise. "Irm et pathologie du genou." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN11135.
Full textAndré, Philippe. "Irm des neurinomes de l'acoustique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20817.
Full textTeissier, Jean-Marc. "Irm : l'image et ses conditions." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM078.
Full textMerlet, Sylvain. "Acquisition compressée en IRM de diffusion." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916582.
Full textAlison, Marianne. "Imagerie fonctionnelle du placenta en IRM." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112329.
Full textPlacental insufficiency caused by deficient vascularization is common during pregnancy, difficult to diagnose and can lead to severe materno-fetal complications (intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia). The aim of this work was to develop multi-parametric functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the placenta at 4.7 T on a murine model. Materials and methods : Diffusion-weighted imaging (SE-EPI-DWI) with the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE) with a high-time resolution (<1 s) were developed and evaluated on a controlled rat model of reduced placental perfusion, achieved by ligation of the left uterine vascular pedicle on the 17th embryonic day. Parameters from the placentas in the left ligated horn were compared to those from the normal placentas in the non ligated horn. The effect of maternal hyperoxygenation on placental microvascularization was studied with DWI.Results: For DWI, 73 placentas were examined, 23 from the ligated side (n=10 rats). For DCE, 53 placentas were analysed, 11 from the ligated side (n=12 rats). In the uterine horn with reduced perfusion, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the perfusion fraction (f) obtained with DWI and the placental blood flow (F) obtained with DCE were significantly decreased. Under maternal hyperoxygenation, ADC and the diffusion coefficient (D) increased whereas f decreased. DWI and DCE parameters were not significantly correlated with each other. Conclusion: Multi-parametric MRI has been developed for murine placental analysis at 4.7T. DWI and DCE are complementary tools for the diagnosis of reduced placental perfusion
Sironneau, Sandrine. "Corrélation fibrose pancréatique et signal IRM." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23043.
Full textTeissier, Jean-Marc. "Rôle des protéines complexes en IRM." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD694.
Full textContreras, Meca Carlos. "IRM de diffusion de haute résolution." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112298.
Full textDiffusion MRI allows characterizing the dynamical structure of biological tissue at the microscopic level. The purpose of this thesis was the development of methodological tools to study the micro-structural differences of cortex, in vivo in human. A bi-exponential fit was used for its sensibility to describe the diffusion signal. SENSE technique was implemented at 1. 5T and a phase array coil was designed for localized acquisition. We have also developed a statistical method to determine the significance of signal and correction schemes to fit rician distributed data. These developments were integrated on a graphical platform. Subtle, but significant, differences in diffusion parameters were found in cortical areas, namely between temporal and frontal and parietal areas. Although the results have shown important sensibility to noise at 1. 5 and 3\unit{T}, diffusion MRI appears as a promising technique for the study of cortical cyto-architecture
Hereter, Gregori Joan. "Étude statique du deltoïde moyen par IRM." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1058/1/HERETER_GREGORI_Joan.pdf.
Full textReyt, Sébastien. "IRM fonctionnelle chez le rat : défis méthodologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861856.
Full textAIX, PIERRE-OLIVIER. "Formes atypiques d'atteintes cerebrales d'adrenoleucodystrophie en irm." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA062051.
Full textBouraleh, Hoch Farhan. "Nanosondes multimodales pour l'imagerie simultanée IRM / TEP." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCD032.
Full textMedical imaging has become a cornerstone of the fight against various diseases (cancer, cardiovascular diseases) since it allows to detect and monitor the development of disease and to guide therapy. The current trend is to combine several complementary imaging techniques to exploit the advantages of each while overcoming their limitations. Among the numerous possibilities, the combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) appears very attractive because it allies the high resolution of MRI to the exceptional sensitivity of PET. If the development of this imaging device is in itself a significant challenge, the design of multimodal probes also constitutes an essential step for exploiting MRI/PET fused technology. For achieving the development of multimodal probes for integrated MRI/PET, two strategies based on the multifunctional character of the nanoparticles have been explored, keeping in mind that these nanostructured imaging agents must be removed by renal clearance (Dh< 10 nm). The first one consists in the synthesis of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles coated by two different types of chelator for a selective complexation of gadolinium ions (for MRI) and of positron emitters (for PET). The second strategy allowed to reduce gold salt in presence of dithiolated molecules containing two specific complexation sites.The reduction of gold salt in presence of a mixture of two different dithiolated chelators or in presence of dithiolated molecules containing two specific complexation sites provides ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (core size (TEM): 2-3 nm and hydrodynamic diameter (DLS): 6-8 nm) which are able to immobilize both gadolinium ions and 64-copper (II) ions as it was shown by the characterization after radiolabeling. As a result, the biodistribution of these nanoparticles can be monitored by T1-weighted MRI and by PET on a same animal with the same imaging device integrating PET and MRI modalities after a single intravenous injection.This study confirmed also a free circulation and a renal excretion without any indesirable accumulation within the healthy organs.This work has shown that ultrasmall gold nanoparticles coated by two different types of chelator or molecules containing two specific complexation sites have a high potential for bimodal imaging MRI/PET
Galanaud, Damien. "Exploration des tumeurs cérébrales par IRM multimodalitaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20688.
Full text121 intracranial tumors of various histologies (gliomas, lymphomas, metastases) were prospectively studied to determine the potential added value of a multimodal NMR approach combining conventional imaging, magnetic resonance spectrometry (MRS) at short (20 ms) and long (135 ms) echo time, diffusion and magnetization transfer imaging for the differential diagnosis of these lesions. In a first step, an univariate analysis of the data was performed to determine the parameters significantly different between groups. These parameters were secondarily used in multivariate analysis, performed using principal component (PCA) and discriminant analysis. PCA using only MRS data clearly separates gliomatosis cerebri and metastases from all other tumor types. Discriminant analysis performed using a combination of MRI and MRS data on strongly enhancing tumors correctly classifies 91% of the lesions as compared to 67% when this study is performed on MRS data only. Discriminant analysis performed on non and moderately contrast enhancing tumors correctly classifies 87% of the lesions as compared to 80% when this study is performed on MRS data only. The information provided by MRS is thus complementary to the one provided by MRI, and the combination of these two modalities has a better diagnostic value than each one taken separately
Salomon, Laurent Julien. "IRM fonctionnelle placentaire : développement d'un modèle murin." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112207.
Full textINTRODUCTION : This study was undertaken to develop a new model for placental perfosion and permeability assessment by using MRI with contrast agents in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Balb/c pregnant mice at 16 days of gestation were studied. 2D Fast SPGR sequential MRI was used to analyze placental perfusion following contrast agent injection. Some mice were randomly selected to receive noradrenalin injection prior to perfusion measurement. A complete model for both perfusion and permeability assessment was then developed, based on a single-slice dual echo 2D FSPGR sequence. An original three-compartmental model was developed and used to calculate quantitative microcirculation parameters. RESULTS : 133 mice were studued. Mean placental perfusion was 1,3 ml/min/g (+/- 0. 6) with the simple perfusion model. There was a significant decrease in placental perfusion following noradrenalin injection. Using the complete model, placental perfusion was 1,80 ml/min/g (+/-0. 9) and permeability ( PSr ) was measured as well. CONCLUSION: This approach gives a non invasive access to placental microvascular parameters including the perfusion and the permeability. It shows promises to study mouse model of placental diseases. If this approach is feasible and safe in humans, it may have potential for investigating the origin and course of IUGR, and for the management of compromised pregnancies
Massoud, Chadi. "Evaluation de la filtration glomérulaire par IRM." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20037.
Full textThis study seeks to assess the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the human kidney by MRI. To quantitatively estimate this parameter requires monitoring of the intrarenal kinetics of Gd after its bolus injection. To achieve this goal, we have developed under IDEA Siemens a SR-FLASH T1-weighted MRI sequence which can follow dynamic NMR signal changes after a bolus injection of Gd. This sequence has a centric phase-encoding scheme, and thus the image contrast was determined at the beginning of the acquisition period. Subsequently, we have implemented an IR-FLASH (with centric phase-encoding scheme) sequence to measure the longitudinal relaxation time in the absence of any injection of Gd ; this parameter is required to convert NMR signal intensities into Gd concentrations. knowing that the relation between the NMR signal intensities and the Gd concentrations is not linear, we have proposed two novel methods and yet fast and robust for conversion of the NMR signal intensities into local Gd concentration. This allowed us to estimate the temporal evolution of Gd concentrations in both kidneys and aorta. The fit of these concentrations measurements by a two-compartments model describing the function of the kidney allowed us to calculate the GFR of each kidney in a population of five subjects with normal renal function
Monnier, Florian. "Imagerie multimodale et quantitative en TEP/IRM." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0010.
Full textThe clinical introduction of the bimodality combining the positron emission tomography (PET) and the computed tomography (CT) has been a major success in the 2000s. Multimodality, in the context of medical imaging, often has the aim of associating a physiological information and an anatomical information. Two approaches exist : either the two modalities are acquired separately and then fused through computerized image fusion, or we discard the issues related to image registration by acquiring in the same system the two modalities. However, there remain limits to PET/CT imaging. The idea to combinemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to PET offers solutions and advantages compared to the use of TDM.MRI offers an excellent tissue contrast and offers an access to multidimensional functional and morphological information thanks to the modularity offered by MRI. This information could improve the understanding of the physiopathological processes involved in diseases. Moreover, MRI is non-ionizing modality, on the contrary to CT. The introduction in the early 2010s of the first simultaneous PET/MRI systems offers a lot of possibilities, but there remains challenged to solve before observing the same spread as the PET/CT in imaging facilities. In particular, the photon attenuation, which must be corrected to provide a quantitative imaging, remains an issue. In this work, we address this issue by proposing solutions for the different regions of the body. A special attention is drawn to the pelvic region. Indeed, the state of the art of available methods exposes a small number of solutions for this area ; even so it is rich in attenuation osseous tissues et area of occurrence of the second most common cancer in men : prostate cancer. We assess the impact of the proposed solution on the scattered photons correction, still in the aim of obtaining a quantitative imaging modality. The different methodologiesof correction and evaluation use Monte Carlo numerical simulations
BOUKHELIFA, MOKRAN. "Les aspects irm des tumeurs osseuses primitives." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M193.
Full textDEMASURE, FRANZ. "Irm et microadenomes hypophysaires : elaboration d'un protocole." Amiens, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AMIEM084.
Full textVENIAMIN, LASCAR. "Corps calleux : mensurations en irm chez l'enfant." Amiens, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AMIEM034.
Full textVigneau-Roy, Nicolas. "Structure et fonction du cerveau : lien entre la densité vasculaire régionale et l'amplitude du signal BOLD." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6370.
Full textJassar, H. "Détectabilité des matériels d'embolisation vasculaire contrôlée par IRM." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455057.
Full textDe, Rochefort Ludovic. "Imagerie dynamique et vélocimétrie IRM des gaz hyperpolarisés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083287.
Full textPour atteindre cet objectif, un système adapté à l'environnement spécifique de l'IRM a été développé pour permettre l'administration de GHP de manière contrôlée, et différentes approches d'imagerie du flux de GHP ont été explorées.
La 1ère approche est basée sur de l'imagerie dynamique de l'inspiration de GHP. Ce type d'expérience est analysé. L'évolution du phénomène est trop rapide pour être observée correctement avec les techniques actuelles. Néanmoins, un état d'équilibre dynamique de la répartition spatiale de l'aimantation dans les poumons lors d'inspirations en régime stationnaire est observable. Les paramètres dont dépend cet équilibre et une partie de ce qui peut être quantifié par le biais de ce type d'expérience ont été formalisés et les concepts introduits ont été validés par différentes expériences d'imagerie dynamique.
La 2ième approche, quantitative, est basée sur la vélocimétrie par contraste de phase combinée à l'imagerie radiale rapide. D'abord validée quantitativement sur des fantômes d'écoulement connus (tube droit, coude, bifurcation), la technique a ensuite été appliquée sur un modèle réaliste d'arbre bronchique et comparée à une simulation numérique des écoulements. Les 3 composantes de la vitesse ont été mesurées en environ 1 s avec une résolution spatiale du mm et une précision du cm•s-1. Enfin, la faisabilité in vivo de la mesure de vitesse dans les voies aériennes pulmonaires a été démontrée dans la trachée lors d'une inspiration.
Cet outil de caractérisation des écoulements à l'aide de l'IRM des GHP ouvre des voies prometteuses aussi bien pour la physique des écoulements que pour les applications médicales.
Bouyssou, Hélène. "Le genou post-opératoire : aspects IRM et arthroscanner." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON11111.
Full textBazelaire, Cédric de. "Méthodes d'analyse de la microcirculation tumorale en IRM." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112038.
Full textAngiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth. New approaches to treat cancer by interfering with angiogenesis stimulating factors are now available. However, clinicians need new surrogates of antiangiogenic activity. Tumor size changes occure 2 or 3 month after the beginning of the treatment, which is to late. Functional analysis of tracer kinetic in tissue in MRI may be an attractive alternative. Antiangiogenic activity of a VEGF receptor inhibitor, was evaluated by tumor blood flow, assessed by arterial spin labeling (ASL) with background suppression. Preliminary results reveal a significant correlation (Spearman r = 0. 90, p =. 0002) between the change in blood flow at 1 month and change in tumor size measured at 4 months or the time of disease progression. A capillary permeability assessment in dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) was optimized using a dual gradient echo sequence. This dual sequence was sensitive to high concentration thanks to T2* weighted images and to low concentrations with T1 weighted slices. The use of this sequence leads to reduce by 58% the permeability measurements. The development of a new technique to assess to relaxation time in the body within a single breath hold may improve perfusion and permeability measurements. Real relaxation time can be used for quantification instead of theoretical values, reducing systematic error. ASL and DCE have promise as early predictors of clinical response to antiangiogenic therapies and may help to identify non-responding patients
CHOLOT, MURIELLE. "Imagerie des tumeurs des sinus : comparaison tdm/irm." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31566.
Full textVan, de moortele Pierre-françois. "Irm fonctionnelle cérébrale à 3 Tesla : développements méthodologiques." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T018.
Full textThe aim of this work is to optimize functional studies of the human brain on a whole body 3 Tesla MRI scanner. A number of artifacts were to be fixed, mainly related to the Echo Planar Imaging sequence, which affords extremely fast acquisition rates, but is highly sensitive to strong artifacts (distortion, ghost image) and produces a high level of noise. These effects are even worsened at high magnetic field values. We proposed, validated and implemented sorne original methodological approaches to attenuate some artifacts and improve the quality of fMRI studies conducted in the laboratory. We have implemented a correction procedure for image distortions (from P. Jezzard) that we have validated on cerebral activation measurements. To suppress the ghost image, which is characteristic of Echo Planar Imaging, we modified a double sampling technique (from Yang), for continuous phase encoding Echo Planar Imaging, and we wrote a specifie algorithm needed for image reconstruction. To present auditory stimuli in the context of the high level of noise, we designed two modified Echo Planar sequences with the insertion of silent periods to present verbal material to the subject. One sequence is dedicated for blocked design experiments, the other for event-elated paradigms. The modified sequences were also validated in phantom studies. After having shown that sarnpling the brain slice by slice over time produced significant bias in images analysis, we have developed and implemented a correction algorithm to interpolate samples on the first slice acquisition time for each brain volume. Head motions are one of the main sources of unsuccessful fMRI studies. To measure the head position in the magnet, we demonstrate the feasibility of a method based on non proton fiducial markers, the position of which is measured by projections interleaved in the Echo Planat imaging scheme
Jourdan, Olivier. "Phenomene de l'angle magique et irm des tendons." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT212M.
Full textBoutry, Nathalie. "Etude irm des collections du genou d'aspect kystique." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M261.
Full textDhenain, Marc. "Vieillissement cerebral de microcebus murinus : comportement, irm, neuropathologie." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066091.
Full textARHAN, JEAN-MARIE. "Mesure du diametre bi-acromial foetal par irm." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR1M132.
Full textArribarat, Germain. "Approche par IRM multiparamétrique pour le tronc cérébral." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30334.
Full textConnecting the brain to the spinal cord, the brain stem Brainstem (BST) is an area of convergence of motor and sensory pathways. It has different nuclei, responsible for various functions such as motor skills, regulation of respiratory and cardiac rhythms, the origin of cranial nerves. Despite its importance in various neurodegenerative diseases, in vivo exploration of BST is still a challenge today. The resolution used, the low contrast and its location make it difficult to study in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on various advanced MRI sequences, we carried out a study of the substantia nigra (SN) in a population of Parkinson's patients, an area located in the upper part of the BST. The results show that iron imaging combined with free water imaging suggests different underlying pathophysiological processes. Nevertheless, given the size of the structures studied, the need for precision remains necessary for more reliable identification. The originality of the proposal is to develop a method dedicated to BST, in order to best overcome the difficulties of its observation. By optimizing MRI acquisitions and several image processing, the results obtained show the possibility of easily identifying certain structures and stabilizing quantitative values. To conclude, still with the objective of improving MRI measurements, we were interested in MRI on human anatomical parts. Post-mortem MRI is used in this thesis for the detection and quantification of metals (iron) and correlation with histological techniques
Rochefort, Ludovic de. "Imagerie dynamique et vélocimétrie IRM des gaz hyperpolarisés." Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083287.
Full textThis work is part of a French project called R-MOD that aims at the development of a morpho-functional simulator of the upper and central airways. Here, hyperpolarized gas (HPG) MRI methods to visualize and quantify gas flows were developed to test the predictions of the simulator. To reach this goal, a dedicated MR-compatible device was built to administrate HPG in a controlled way and different imaging strategies were evaluated. A first qualitative approach was based on dynamic imaging of a HPG inspiration. An analysis of this type of experiment was achieved. The temporal evolution of the phenomenon is too high to be correctly imaged with the state-of-the-art techniques. Nevertheless, spatial distribution of the magnetization within the lung reaches an equilibrium state during a stationary inspiration. This equilibrium state depends on parameters that were explored both theoretically and experimentally through several dynamic imaging techniques. A second approach, more quantitative, is based on phase-contrast velocimetry combined with rapid radial imaging. The technique was first validated on known flow patterns (straight, curved and bifurcating pipes) and then applied on a realistic bronchial tree reconstructed from medical images and compared to computational fluid dynamics simulations. The 3 velocity components were measured within about 1 s, with 1-mm spatial resolution, and a precision of 1cm·s-1. Finally, in vivo feasibility was shown on a human trachea during an inhalation. This flow characterization technique based on HPG MRI is a promising tool for fluid dynamics studies and for related medical applications
Jassar, Hassan. "Détectabilité des matériels d'embolisation vasculaire contrôlée par IRM." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1822.
Full textArterial embolization appeared recently as a safe and an effective treatment to stop bleeding or induce devascularisation of a target tissue. Direct visualization of vascular occlusion agents is not always possible. The estimation of their position inside a vascular branch based on the distribution of X-ray contrast agent is partially incorrect. Marked vascular occlusion agents with MRI contrast agent is a good way for MRI follow-up during or after the intervention. In this work, several protocols have been established to demonstrate the feasibility localization of vascular occlusion agents marked with SPIO, in situ, in vitro and in vivo " conditions ", at 1,5T and 3T. Studied occlusion agents were tris-acryl microspheres (Embosphere), and microparticles or microemulsions possibly used as vehicles for drugs : among these, inflatable microspheres (Hepasphere) aimed to permanent vessel occlusion were marked, alginate microspheres and emulsion droplets for temporary embolization were made by us. Established protocols for microspheres follow-up by MRI involve selection of MR sequences with optimized parameters, coil choice, and determination of contrast agent quantity inside the microparticles in order to make them visible on MRI. A measurement methodology for small variation of signal intensity in images has been proposed. An experimental in vitro model has been designed with the presence of SPIO marked microparticles in an environment simulating a vascular tumor with venous drainage. The fixation of immunoglobulin (IgG1), equivalent to anti-VEGF, to microspheres (Hepaspheres) has been studied. Finally, mechanical and electrical properties of microemulsions have been explored by ultrasound and impedancemeter
Rocher, Laurence. "Imagerie Avancée du testicule : Echographie et IRM multiparamétriques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS458.
Full textThe testicular imaging we developped in our department focused on two main subjects: infertility and tumoral characterization. It is based on multiparametric ultrasound and MRI. We defined diagnostic criteria of several pathologies, which may change the patient’s management, and we evaluated new modalities.We characterized Klinefelter patient’s testis.We determined the Color-Doppler features of Leydig cell tumors which are currently incidentally discovered and can benefit from monitoring or tumorectomy.We defined multiparametric US and MRI diagnostic’s criteria of burned out tumors in patients referred for US infertility screening.We demonstrated the ability of multiparametric MRI to improve the tumoral characterization using qualitative and quantitative enhancement parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient values.CEUS showed significant differences between the burned out tumors and other lesions.. Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) showed significant differences in testicular stiffness between normal, obstructive azoospermia on one side and non-obstructive azoospermic patients, but overlapped values seemed to minimize the potential clinical impact. Benign Leydig cell were softer compared to malignant tumors and burned out tumors. Association of B mode, color Doppler, and elastography allowed an optimal characterization.Ultrasensitive Doppler allowed a qualitative evaluation of the tumoral vascular architecture, a testicular vascularization assessment in case of acute scrotum, and a testicular perfusion quantification. We demonstrated a decreased testicular vascularization during the Valsalva maneuver confirming the hypoxic physiopathological explanation of the infertility process
Chipon, Emilie. "IRM fonctionnelle quantitative appliquée à la vasoréacivité cérébrale." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10003.
Full textIn neurosciences and medicine, functional imaging of brain perfusion is a mean to characterize regional variations of neuro-vascular coupling and alterations of the vasoreactivity to circulating gases in patients. Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) is an MRI method which provides a quantitative and reproductible measure of brain perfusion and its dynamical changes, without the need for injection of contrast agents. This thesis presents the implementation of an MRI sequence for the quantification of cerebral blood flow by ASL and its optimization for the study of cerebral vasoreactivity. To obtain a quantitative measure with maximal sensitivity, numerical simulations and experiments on healthy subjects have allowed to optimize: the amplitude of RF pulses, the inversion pulse delays to suppress static signal, the limits of the position of the tagging band with respect to the RF resonator, the minimal allowable gap between tagging band and region of interest, the bolus duration and delay time before acquisition. An original method to rapidly caracterize the bolus of labeled blood in each session has been developed to provide an optimal parametrization of the sequence for each subject. These methods have been used to characterize the effects of inhalation of oxygen and carbogen mixtures with varying CO2 concentrations on perfusion in healthy subjects. In parallel, the same perfusion methods are used in a study to characterize cerebral vasoreactivity in Alzheimer's Disease patients
Khan, Memona. "Développement d’agents théranostiques IRM multifonctionnels ciblant le cholangiocarcinome." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 13, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PA131005.
Full textCholangiocarcinoma represents all cancers that develop in the bile ducts. It is a primary liver tumour that is difficult to diagnose because of its location. The main treatment is surgical resection but it also represents a major risk of death. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy also have a very limited effect on survival. That is why it is necessary to put in place original methods to deal with this problem.Gold nanoparticles are objects with very interesting physicochemical properties for the treatment of cancer. In the field of nanotheranostics, hybrid nanoparticles can be very interesting to serve both as vectors of therapeutic substances and imaging probes for diagnosis. The aim of this work was the design and development of hybrid polymeric nanotherapy agents whose optical and morphological properties will be optimized for their application, such as therapeutic targeting, diagnosis and therapy. To achieve this goal, we have developed complex multifunctional systems using bimeallic nanoparticles with gold and contrast agents. In order to develop anticancer nanovectors, these nanoparticles were functionalized by therapeutic agents (doxorubicin, cisplatin and gemctiabin) by the method developed in our laboratory, IN synthesis
STEKELOROM, THIERRY. "Aspects irm des tumeurs du foie chimio-embolisees." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M273.
Full textDong, Wanxin. "Imagerie multiparamétrique TEP- FDG/IRM en cancérologie ORL." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL126.
Full textContext Head and neck cancers (HNC) are predominantly squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography /magnetic resonance imaging ([¹⁸F]FDG-PET/MRI) combines PET and MRI. It provides information on glucose metabolism and jointly allows anatomical and advanced MRI sequences (Perfusion and permeability MRI, DCE-MRI; Diffusion-weighted MRI, DWI; Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MRI, IVIM-DWI). Objectives The general objectives were to optimize DCE-MRI and to study the performance of PET/MRI for the diagnosis of HNSCC of head and neck lymph nodes. The first study quantified the influence of the arterial input function (AIF) measurement method on the values of DCE- MRI pharmacokinetic parameters (PKP), for HNSCC and for head and neck muscles, considered as potential reference tissues. The second study verified the resting state of the head and neck muscles by measuring PKP and standardized uptake (SUV) values, then compared HNSCC SUV values with HNSCC PKP values and HNSCC-to-muscle PKP ratios. The third study evaluated the diagnostic performances of the lymph node parameters (volume, SUV, PKP, lymph node PKP reported to muscle PKP, DWI parameters, IVIM- DWI) from [18F]FDG-PET/MRI for the study of the benign/malignant status of head and neck lymph nodes; then described the multiparametric lymph node profile. Methods The studies adhered to ethical guidelines. All patients had histological evidence of HNSCC for the tumor and for the lymph nodes. The examinations were performed on a 3 Tesla PET/MRI (SignaTM, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). Image processing was performed with Olea Sphere, 3D Slicer software. Results In the first study, AIF peak values (amplitude) varied with the AIF measurement method, consequently most PKP parameters varied. PKPtumor/PKPmuscle value ratios were less sensitive to AIF variations. In the second study, head and neck muscles had PKP and SUV values corresponding to the resting state reported in the literature. There was no correlation between PKP values and SUV values, which appeared consistent with a random fluctuation around a resting state baseline value. Trends toward weak correlations between SUVmax and Ktrans, kep using absolute tumor values all became significant and moderate when using PKP tumor/muscle ratio values. In the third study, the diagnostic performances of lymph node volume and SUV were good. The performances of DCE-MRI, DWI, IVIM-DWI were lower, including using the values of the lymph node/muscle ratio of PKP. The number of lymph nodes explored simultaneously by the three techniques was too low to establish a multiparametric signature of HNSCC. Conclusion [18F]FDG-PET/MRI allows a multimodal synchronous observation of HNSCC. The thesis work explored and proposed the use of the tumor/muscle ratio of the PKP values of DCE-MRI. The use of this ratio aims to highlight a correlation between the PKP of DCE-MRI and the SUV, the results of the literature being so far inconsistent on this subject. Furthermore, this ratio could be of interest for a multicenter use of DCE-MRI and for the longitudinal follow-up of patients. The application of multiparametric [18F]FDG-PET/MRI and the lymph node/muscle ratio of PKP values confirmed the interest of lymph node volume and SUV for the search for lymph node HNSCC, the other parameters, even corrected by the muscle ratio, remained behind for our population
Thomassin-Naggara, Isabelle. "Etude des tumeurs annexielles du pelvis féminin en IRM fonctionnelle : mise au point des techniques et applications cliniques." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112116.
Full textThe preoperative characterization of adnexal tumors is crucial for surgical care. Dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) allows an optimization of the tissue characterization. Adnexal tumors differ according to their dynamic curve enhancement, which reflect the immaturity of the vascular wall and the expression of VEGFR-2 on endothelial cells. For a quantitative analysis of enhancement, a turbo-FLASH sequence with high angles is better to get both optimal dynamic enhancement range and an almost linear relationship between the signal and the concentration of gadolinium. Initialization by a extended Kéty model stabilizes our two-compartmental model which allows the best description of exchanges between the capillary and the interstitial spaces. Using quantitative DCE MRI, malignant adnexal tumors display higher tissue perfusion and blood volume fraction than benign tumors. Finally, quantitative DCE-MRI is a suitable, non-invasive tool to assess physiological microvascular states and variations in normal myometrium, and could potentially be used to assess the role of the inner myometrium in assisted reproductive therapy
Eustache, Pierre. "Evaluation par IRM multimodale des modifications cérébrales chez des patients Alzheimer à un stade prodromique : optimisation de la relaxométrie T2* par IRM." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30222/document.
Full textOne of the main goals of modern neuroimaging is the identification of new markers that can help in the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological pathologies. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRIm), is an approach allowing the evaluation of several complementary biomarkers within one MRI. This approach has already demonstrated its efficiency in several recent studies, and in particular in Parkinson's disease. We added a new biomarker to the MRIm approach previously used i.e. shape changes of subcortical structures based on T1 images. This marker is now a part of our MRIm approach along with: (i) volumetry from T1 images, (ii) microstructural integrity and orientation from diffusion images and (iii) metal deposits from T2* relaxometry. We applied this multimodal MRI approach to an other neurodegenerative disease, the Alzheimer's disease at a prodromal stage. Results of this preliminary study gave us the opportunity to suggest the existence of two different physiopathological processes at the prodromal phase of the Alzheimer's disease. In fact we observed atrophy with modification of the microstructural integrity for the hippocampus and the amygdala, while only atrophy has been observed for the thalamus and the putamen. Those results also confirmed the necessity of studying neurodegenerative diseases in a multimodal way. Among MRIm markers, the T2* relaxometry for the quantification of intracerebral iron is one of the methods which has been developed lately at the Inserm U825. Dysregulation of iron metabolism and its accumulation are involved in the physiopathology of several neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease. The experience gained through the different clinical validation of this method in recent years has led us to improve it. Our work was to improve T2* relaxometry by optimizing the acquisition of the images on one hand, and the processing of the images on the other hand. We compared several resolutions, acquisition antennas, number of acquisition by echo time, to determine which parameters gave the higher signal to noise ratio. For the part about the process of the images, we compared the method used as a reference, the least square method using a Levenberg-Marquard algorithm, to an other method, the singular value decomposition to obtain the best estimation of the relaxation rate R2*. Then we were able to develop an optimized T2* relaxometry sequence, which we compared to the one used in the first study, but in the physiological ageing model. Finally in addition to allowing discrimination between elderly and young people, the results obtained with this new sequence were found to be much less sensitive to noise
Lalande, Alain. "IRM cardio-vasculaire, des séquences d'acquisition aux paramètres physiologiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726186.
Full textOzon, Matthew. "Tractographie cardiaque optimale par IRM du tenseur de diffusion." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI020/document.
Full textThis thesis "Optimal cardiac tractography using DT-MRI" offers and studies a new formulation of cardiac tractography based on the use of diffusion tensor images that synthetize the information of the diffusion weighted images. The underlying reasons that led to a new formulation are manifold. Existing methods are mostly based on local data, such as the streamlining algorithms, and thus are subject to many imperfections, especially they are not robust to noise in the data. Another problem with this type of approach based on solving differential equations is their dependency on initialization, unlike the method under study. The other aim of this thesis is to determine one or more numerical criteria to compare and qualify fibers. Even though it seems easy to qualitatively characterize fibers based on the visualization, creating measures to characterize the fibers, either in absolute or in comparison to the data or other fibers, is actually challenging