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Journal articles on the topic 'IrO2'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Hu, Jie Zhen, Pei Chang Deng, Xiang Wen Wang, and Hai Bo Xu. "Stable Ti/IrO₂Anode with Iridium-Titanium Oxide Interlayers for O₂ Evolution." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.662.

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Ti/IrOx–TiO2/IrO2 and Ti/IrO2–Ta2O5 electrodes were prepared using thermal decomposition procedure, respectively. The microstructure and electrochemical properties of the electrodes were studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), potentiodynamic polarization and accelerated life test. Experimental results showed that the Ti/IrOx–TiO2/IrO2 electrode has better electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution and higher stability, compared with the Ti/IrO2–Ta2O5 electrode under the same conditions. The high electrocatalytic activity of Ti/IrOx–TiO2/IrO2 electrode cou

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2

Chen, Yi Min, Ying Sheng Huang, Kuei Yi Lee, and Kwong Kau Tiong. "Deposition and Characterization of IrO₂ Nanocrystals on Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes by MOCVD." Solid State Phenomena 170 (April 2011): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.170.70.

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IrO2 nanocrystals (NCs) were grown on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) forming IrO2/CNTs nanocomposites by metal organic chemical vapor deposition using (C6H7)(C8H12)Ir as a source reagent. The surface morphology, structural and spectroscopic properties of the nanocomposites were characterized. Micrographs of field-emission scanning electron microscope showed that the surface morphology of the as-deposited IrO2 NCs varied from particle-like to tube-like NCs as the deposition time increased from 5 to 60 min. The transmission electron microscope image of IrO2/CNTs nanocomposites reveal

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3

Huang, TingWei, and Wataru Sugimoto. "Development of IrO₂ Nanosheet–Pt/C Composite as Reversal Tolerant Anode Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 40 (2023): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02401972mtgabs.

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Introduction: During the start-up and shutdown cycles of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), certain areas of the anode flow channel may not receive sufficient hydrogen due to water blockage or sluggish diffusion. This can lead to hydrogen starvation, which in turn causes a shortage of protons during cell reaction. The result is an increase in anode potential, which triggers the carbon oxidation reaction (COR) and damages the catalyst layer. Promoting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to alleviate the COR is a promising strategy to develop reversal-tolerant anodes (RTAs). Incorporating O

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4

Scarpelli, Francesca, Nicolas Godbert, Alessandra Crispini, and Iolinda Aiello. "Nanostructured Iridium Oxide: State of the Art." Inorganics 10, no. 8 (2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10080115.

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Iridium Oxide (IrO2) is a metal oxide with a rutile crystalline structure, analogous to the TiO2 rutile polymorph. Unlike other oxides of transition metals, IrO2 shows a metallic type conductivity and displays a low surface work function. IrO2 is also characterized by a high chemical stability. These highly desirable properties make IrO2 a rightful candidate for specific applications. Furthermore, IrO2 can be synthesized in the form of a wide variety of nanostructures ranging from nanopowder, nanosheets, nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires, and nanoporous thin films. IrO2 nanostructuration, which a

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5

Pohan, Lemeyonouin Aliou Guillaume, Ollo Kambiré, Mohamed Berté, and Lassiné Ouattara. "Study of lifetime of Platinum Modified Metal Oxides Electrodes." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 4 (2020): 1479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i4.25.

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Pt, IrO2, RuO2, Pt-IrO2 and Pt-RuO2 electrodes have been shown to be effective in their application in various fields. However, it is necessary to study their long-term stability. So, our objective is to prepare them and study their lifetime using intensiostatic measurement. Then they were prepared at 400 °C on titanium plates used as a substrate. Physical measurements (scanning electron microscopy) of these anodes revealed that their surface are rough and porous structures. Lifetime study was carried out in H2SO4 9 N and under a current density of 410 mA /cm2. The long-term stability of Pt im

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6

Liu, Fei, Xuechu Sun, Xiu Chen, Cuicui Li, Jun Yu, and Haolin Tang. "Synthesis and Characterization of 3-DOM IrO2 Electrocatalysts Templated by PMMA for Oxygen Evolution Reaction." Polymers 11, no. 4 (2019): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040629.

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Three-dimensional ordered macroporous (3-DOM) IrO2 material was prepared using PMMA as a template and ammonia as a chelator. These 3-DOM IrO2 honeycomb arrays showed a large surface area and ordered macropores (155 nm in diameter) cross-linked by secondary mesopores. Internal structures of 3-DOM IrO2 material were observed microscopically through these secondary pores. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, 3-DOM IrO2 has a rutile crystal structure and is mainly composed of iridium dioxide. In acidic electrolytes, the overpotential of 3-DOM

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7

Guo, Mingshuai, Yueren Liu, Yonglei Xin, et al. "Performance Enhancement of Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 Anode through Introduction of Tantalum–Titanium Interlayer via Double-Glow Plasma Surface Alloying Technology." Nanomaterials 14, no. 14 (2024): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14141219.

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Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 electrodes are extensively utilized in the electrochemical industries such as copper foil production, cathodic protection, and wastewater treatment. However, their performance degrades rapidly under high current densities and severe oxygen evolution conditions. To address this issue, we have developed a composite anode of Ti/Ta-Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 with a Ta-Ti alloy interlayer deposited on a Ti substrate by double-glow plasma surface alloying, and the IrO2-Ta2O5 surface coating prepared by the traditional thermal decomposition method. This investigation indicates that the electrode wit

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8

Mohan, Swati, Santosh K. Gupta, and Yuanbing Mao. "Morphology-oxygen evolution activity relationship of iridium(iv) oxide nanomaterials." New Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 8 (2022): 3716–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj05133d.

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This work demonstrated shape tuning of IrO2 nanoparticles to nanocube and nanorods in molten salt and demonstrated the exemplary performance of IrO2 nanorods as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction even surpassing commercial IrO2.

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9

Fathi Tovini, Mohammad, Ana Marija Damjanovia, Hany A. El-Sayed, et al. "Irreducible IrO₂ Anode Co-Catalysts for PEM Fuel Cell Voltage Reversal Mitigation and Their Stability Under Transient Operation Conditions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (2022): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351466mtgabs.

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The cell voltage reversal that can occur during the transient operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack leads to a substantial degradation of the anode catalyst. During cell reversal, the anode potential increases (>>1 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode potential (RHE)), causing severe oxidation of the anode catalyst carbon support, which leads to a collapse of the anode catalyst layer and to cell failure. One strategy to mitigate the damages of H2 starvation is the addition of a co-catalyst to the anode electrode, which catalyzes the oxygen evolution reaction

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10

Deng, Miao, Keming Wu, Tao Yang, et al. "Construction of Novel Electro-Fenton Systems by Magnetically Decorating Zero-Valent Iron onto RuO2-IrO2/Ti Electrode for Highly Efficient Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment." Water 14, no. 7 (2022): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071044.

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The Electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) technique has shown great potential in wastewater treatment, while the sustainable and continuing supply of Fe2+ remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the construction of a novel E-Fenton system by magnetically decorating zero-valent iron (ZVI) onto a RuO2-IrO2/Ti (ZVI-RuO2-IrO2/Ti) electrode for high-efficient treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater, which is considerably refractory and harmful to conventional biological processes. By using ZVI as a durable source of Fe(II) irons, 78.69% of COD and 76.40% of TOC may be rapidly removed by the developed ZVI-Ru

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11

Wei, Fen Fen, Cao Shui Xiong, Ke Jin Gou, Hui Liao, and Juan Hou. "The Effect of IrO₂ Doping on the Structure and Magnetic and Magnetotransport Properties of La_0.7Ca_0.2Sr_0.1MnO₃ Composite." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.774.

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La0.7Ca0.2Sr0.1MnO3/xIrO2 (LCSMO/xIrO2) compounds were fabricated by solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Dc four probed method were used to investigate the structure, magnetic and magnetotransport properties. The results show that at low doping level (x≤0.15) IrO2 goes into the perovskite lattice substituting Mn in LCSMO, but at high doping level (x≥0.20) some part of the IrO2 substituted for Mn4+ in LCSMO lattice and the remainder resided in the grain boundaries in the form of IrO2. LCSMO/xIrO2 composites are influenced remarkabled by

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12

Serventi, A. M., M. A. El Khakani, R. G. Saint-Jacques, and D. G. Rickerby. "Highly textured nanostructure of pulsed laser deposited IrO2 thin films as investigated by transmission electron microscopy." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 8 (2001): 2336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0320.

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Highly conductive iridium dioxide (IrO2) thin films have been deposited onto in situ oxidized Si(100) substrates by means of a reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process. The polycrystalline IrO2 films were obtained by ablating a metal iridium target under an optimal oxygen background pressure of 200 mtorr and at different substrate deposition temperatures (Td ) ranging from 350 to 550 °C. Conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques were used to investigate the micro- and nanostructural changes of the PLD IrO2 films as a function of their deposition

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13

Zhang, Lian Meng, Yan Sheng Gong, Chuan Bin Wang, and Qiang Shen. "Microstructure and Resistivity of Iridium Oxide Thin Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2215.

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Highly conductive IrO2 thin films were prepared on Si (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique from an iridium metal target in an oxygen ambient atmosphere. The effect of substrate temperature on the structure and electrical properties of IrO2 films was investigated. The deposited films at substrate temperatures ranging from 250 to 500°C under an oxygen pressure of 20Pa were pure polycrystalline tetragonal IrO2 and the preferential growth orientation changed with the substrate temperature. IrO2 films were well solidified with the fairly homogeneous thickness and exhibited a good a

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14

Felix, Cecil, Bernard Bladergroen, Vladimir Linkov, Bruno Pollet, and Sivakumar Pasupathi. "Ex-Situ Electrochemical Characterization of IrO2 Synthesized by a Modified Adams Fusion Method for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction." Catalysts 9, no. 4 (2019): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9040318.

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The development of highly stable and active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has attracted significant research interest. IrO2 is known to show good stability during the OER however it is not known to be the most active. Thus, significant research has been dedicated to enhance the activity of IrO2 toward the OER. In this study, IrO2 catalysts were synthesized using a modified Adams fusion method. The Adams fusion method is simple and is shown to directly produce nano-sized metal oxides. The effect of the Ir precursor salt to the NaNO3 ratio and the fusion temperature on

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15

Zhao, Rui, Xuan Zhang, Fanli Chen, Xiaobing Man, and Wenqiang Jiang. "Study on Electrochemical Degradation of Nicosulfuron by IrO2-Based DSA Electrodes: Performance, Kinetics, and Degradation Mechanism." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030343.

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The widely used sulfonylurea herbicides have caused negative effects on the environment and human beings. Electrochemical degradation has attracted much attention in the treatment of refractory organic compounds due to its advantage of producing no secondary pollution. Three kinds of IrO2-based dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) were used to degrade nicosulfuron by a batch electrochemical process. The results showed that a well-distributed crack network was formed on the Ti/Ta2O5-IrO2 electrode and Ti/Ta2O5-SnO2-IrO2 electrode due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion between the

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16

Chazapis, Nikolaos, Michalis Stavrou, Georgia Papaparaskeva, et al. "Iridium-Based Nanohybrids: Synthesis, Characterization, Optical Limiting, and Nonlinear Optical Properties." Nanomaterials 13, no. 14 (2023): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13142131.

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The present work reports on the synthesis and characterization of iridium (Ir)-based nanohybrids with variable chemical compositions. More specifically, highly stable polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanohybrids of the PVP-IrO2 and PVP-Ir/IrO2 types, as well as non-coated Ir/IrO2 nanoparticles, are synthesized using different synthetic protocols and characterized in terms of their chemical composition and morphology via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), respectively. Furthermore, their nonlinear optical (NLO) response and optical limiting (O

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17

Huang, TingWei, and Wataru Sugimoto. "Effect of Co-Catalyst Support Toward the Cell Reversal Tolerance of IrO₂ Nanosheets-Pt/C Catalyst." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 41 (2024): 2734. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02412734mtgabs.

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Introduction During the operation of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), certain parts of the anode flow channel may not receive sufficient supply of hydrogen due to water blockage or sluggish diffusion. This can lead to hydrogen starvation, which further causes a shortage of protons during cell reaction. Such phenomenon causes an increase in anode potential, which triggers the carbon oxidation reaction (COR) and damages the catalyst layer. This destructive chained reaction is known as cell reversal degradation. Promoting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to alleviate the COR is a promis

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18

Tian, Jing, Peng Zhao, Shasha Zhang, et al. "Platinum and Iridium Oxide Co-modified TiO2 Nanotubes Array Based Photoelectrochemical Sensors for Glutathione." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (2020): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030522.

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Oriented TiO2 nanotubes, which are fabricated by anodic oxidation method, are prospective in photoelectrochemical analysis and sensors. In this work, Pt and IrO2 co-modified TiO2 nanotubes array was prepared via a two-step deposition process involving the photoreductive deposition of Pt and chemical deposition of IrO2 on the oriented TiO2 nanotubes. Due to the improved separation of photo-generated electrons and holes, Pt-IrO2 co-modified TiO2 nanotubes presented significantly higher PEC activity than pure TiO2 nanotubes or mono-modified TiO2 nanotubes. The PEC sensitivity of Pt-IrO2 co-modifi

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19

Kambiré, Ollo, Lemeyonouin A. G. Pohan, Konan H. Kondro, and Lassiné Ouattara. "Study of oxygen evolution reaction on thermally prepared xPtOy-(100-x)IrO2 electrodes." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 10, no. 4 (2020): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.806.

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The mixed coupled xPtOy-(100-x)IrO2 electrodes (x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100) were thermally prepared at 450 °C on titanium supports. The prepared electrodes were firstly physically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Afterwards, electrochemical characterizations were performed by voltammetric (cyclic and linear) methods in different electrolyte media (KOH and HClO4). It is shown that the prepared electrodes are composed by both PtOy (platinum and platinum oxide) and IrO2 (iridium dioxide

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20

Kim, Je-Deok, and Akihiro Ohira. "Water Electrolysis Using a Porous IrO2/Ti/IrO2 Catalyst Electrode and Nafion Membranes at Elevated Temperatures." Membranes 11, no. 5 (2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050330.

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Porous IrO2/Ti/IrO2 catalyst electrodes were obtained by coating IrO2 on both sides of three types of porous Ti powder sheets (sample 1, sample 2, and sample 3) using different surface treatment methods, and a hydrogen evolution catalyst electrode was obtained by coating Pt/C on carbon gas diffusion layers. A Nafion115 membrane was used as an electrolyte for the membrane electrode assemblies (MEA). Water electrolysis was investigated at cell temperatures up to 150 °C, and the electrical characteristics of the three types of porous IrO2/Ti/IrO2 catalyst electrodes were investigated. The sheet r

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Batubara, Shahad, Mogbel Alrushaid, Muhammad Amtiaz Nadeem, and Hicham Idriss. "Study of the Kinetics of Reduction of IrO2 on TiO2 (Anatase) by Temperature-Programmed Reduction." Inorganics 11, no. 2 (2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11020066.

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The interaction between IrO2 and TiO2 (anatase) in non-isothermal reduction conditions has been studied by the temperature programmed reduction technique. IrO2 clusters are of sizes between 0.5 and 0.9 nm as determined from High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). Largely, two main regions for reduction were found and modeled at ca. 100 and 230 °C. The first region is attributed to the partial reduction of IrO2 clusters, while the second one is due to reduction of the formed crystalline (rutile IrO2), during TPR, to Ir metal. Two methods for calculating kinetic parameters were

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Di Palma, Valerio, Andrea Pianalto, Michele Perego, Graziella Tallarida, Davide Codegoni, and Marco Fanciulli. "Plasma-Assisted Atomic Layer Deposition of IrO2 for Neuroelectronics." Nanomaterials 13, no. 6 (2023): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13060976.

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In vitro and in vivo stimulation and recording of neuron action potential is currently achieved with microelectrode arrays, either in planar or 3D geometries, adopting different materials and strategies. IrO2 is a conductive oxide known for its excellent biocompatibility, good adhesion on different substrates, and charge injection capabilities higher than noble metals. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) allows excellent conformal growth, which can be exploited on 3D nanoelectrode arrays. In this work, we disclose the growth of nanocrystalline rutile IrO2 at T = 150 °C adopting a new plasma-assisted

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Deng, Pei Chang, Gui Wang, Jie Zhen Hu, Yu Wan Tian, Cheng Weng, and Xiao Gao. "Electrochemical Depolymerization of Chitosans Using the IrO₂ Electrode with Interlayers as Anode." Materials Science Forum 847 (March 2016): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.281.

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A IrO2 anode on titanium substrate with iridium–titanium oxide interlayer (Ti/ TiO2-IrOx/IrO2) was prepared through repeating brushing-drying-calcinating procedure. The TiO2-IrOx interlayer was prepared using a mixture of TiN nanoparticles and H2IrCl6 solution as the coating solution. The Ti/TiO2-IrOx/IrO2 had high catalytic activity, good catalytic stability and long service life. It was suitable for the application of electrochemical depolymerization of chitosans. The experimental results showed that chitosan could be effectively degraded using the Ti/ TiO2-IrOx/IrO2 as the anode. The influe

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Wang, Sen, Hong Lv, Songhu Bi, et al. "Defects tailoring IrO₂@TiN_1+x nano-heterojunctions for superior water oxidation activity and stability." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 22 (2021): 8047–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qm00845e.

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de Freitas, Isabel C., Luanna S. Parreira, Eduardo C. M. Barbosa, et al. "Design-controlled synthesis of IrO2 sub-monolayers on Au nanoflowers: marrying plasmonic and electrocatalytic properties." Nanoscale 12, no. 23 (2020): 12281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr01875a.

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Yaqub, Asim, Mohamed Hasnain Isa, Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty, and Huma Ajab. "Surface Characteristics of Ti/IrO2 Anode Material and its Electrocatalytic Properties for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Degradation in Aqueous Solution." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 17, no. 1 (2013): 039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v17i1.442.

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In this study, electrochemical degradation of 16 priority PAHs was examined using Ti/IrO2 anode. Iridium dioxide (IrO2) was coated by thermal decomposition of appropriate precursor solution on surface of titanium plate. Surface morphology of coated surface was observed by FESEM and XRD analysis. All electrochemical experiments were conducted using synthetic solution of PAHs in a batch cell under galvanostatic condition. GC-MS was used to quantify PAHs concentration. Electrochemical oxidation results reveal significant degradation of PAHs at Ti/IrO2 surface. Total PAHs removal was about 97 % at

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Morey, Chaitali, Qiming Tang, Xinfang Jin, and Kevin Huang. "Multiphysics Modeling of Solid Oxide Iron Air Battery with New Catalyst and Proton Conductor Oxide Support." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 25 (2023): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01251677mtgabs.

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Long-duration energy storage (LDES) (10+ hours) is widely regarded as an enabling technology to deepen the penetration of renewable energy into the commercial utility market. However, the current storage technologies cannot achieve LDES’s duration requirement at a competitive cost. Therefore, new LDES technologies are highly sought after in recent years. Solid oxide iron air battery is a newly emerging battery based on oxide-ion chemistry and stores energy in energy-dense solid iron. Our recent results have shown that the battery in a laboratory size (f1”) delivers 12.5-hour storage per cycle

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Yun, Younghwa, Sechan Lee, Hyeonjung Park, et al. "Optimizing Multi-Phase IrO₂ Catalysts with Ti for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 42 (2024): 2841. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02422841mtgabs.

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To achieve a sustainable and environmentally benign energy paradigm shift, the utilization of renewable energy sources through water electrolysis, especially proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), emerges as a promising solution. Accordingly, enhancing catalytic activity and stability of the anode catalyst (IrO2), which constitutes a significant portion of the cost of PEMWE, is crucial for its practical commercialization. Notably, recent research has shed light on the pivotal role of Ir-O bond distance in IrO2-based electrocatatlysts, where doping or composite formation with fore

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Nie, Chun Hong, and Bao Hui Wang. "Electrochemical Oxidation of o-Amiophenol in the Presence of NaCI for Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 900 (February 2014): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.382.

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The electrochemical oxidation of o-Aminophenol in the presence o f NaCl for wastewater treatment was studied on Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 , Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5-SnO2 and Ti/IrO2 anodes. The experimental results have shown that the presence of NaCl catalyses the anodic oxidation of o-Aminophenol due to the participation of electrogenerated ClO- in the oxidation. Analysis of the oxidation products has shown that initially organo chlorinated compounds are formed in the electrolyte.

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Afonso, César, Carlos Y. Sousa, Daliany M. Farinon, Ana Lopes, and Annabel Fernandes. "Electrochemical Oxidation of Pollutants in Textile Wastewaters Using BDD and Ti-Based Anode Materials." Textiles 4, no. 4 (2024): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles4040030.

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This study aims to evaluate the electrochemical oxidation of real textile wastewater using boron-doped diamond (BDD) and different titanium-based mixed metal oxide (Ti/MMO) commercial anodes, namely Ti/RuO2-TiO2, Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5, Ti/IrO2-RuO2, and Ti/RuO2/IrO2-Pt. Experiments were conducted in batch mode, with stirring, at different applied current densities. The results showed that BDD attained the best results, followed by Ti/RuO2-TiO2, which achieved total color removal, a chemical oxygen removal of 61% with some mineralization of organic compounds, and a similar specific energy consumption t

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Timmer, Phillip, Tim Weber, Lorena Glatthaar, and Herbert Over. "Operando CO Infrared Spectroscopy and On-Line Mass Spectrometry for Studying the Active Phase of IrO2 in the Catalytic CO Oxidation Reaction." Inorganics 11, no. 3 (2023): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11030102.

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We combine operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) with on-line mass spectrometry (MS) to study the correlation between the oxidation state of titania-supported IrO2 catalysts (IrO2@TiO2) and their catalytic activity in the prototypical CO oxidation reaction. Here, the stretching vibration of adsorbed COad serves as the probe. DRIFTS provides information on both surface and gas phase species. Partially reduced IrO2 is shown to be significantly more active than its fully oxidized counterpart, with onset and full conversion temperatures being about 50 °C low

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Astudillo, Leonardo Isaias, Mohammad Fathi Tovini, and Hubert Andreas Gasteiger. "Stability of IrO₂ Oxygen Evolution Reaction Anode Co-Catalysts Under Transient Operation and Its Effect on PEM Fuel Cell Durability." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 42 (2022): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02421540mtgabs.

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Among various degradation phenomena in polymer-electrolyte-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), cell reversal (CR) occurring due to an under-stoichiometric supply of H2 to the anode is known to cause the irreversible corrosion of the carbon support of carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) anode catalysts via the carbon oxidation reaction (COR). Several strategies to mitigate the damages of cell reversal have been documented in the literature, from which the addition of an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst (e.g., IrO2) to the anode has attracted great attention. The lower OER onset potential in the

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Wang, Sen, Hong Lv, Yongwen Sun, Wenxuan Ji, Xiaojun Shen, and Cunman Zhang. "Constructing Supports–Network with N–TiO2 Nanofibres for Highly Efficient Hydrogen–Production of PEM Electrolyzer." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 3 (2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030124.

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Hydrogen production with a proton exchange membrane (PEM)electrolyzer utilized with renewable energy power is considered to be an efficient and clean green technique, but the poor oxygen evolution performance results in high energy consumption and low efficiency. In this work, a strategy is reported for the construction of a support network of the anodic catalyst layer to simultaneously ameliorate its sluggish reaction kinetics and mass transport in order to realize highly efficient hydrogen production of the PEM electrolyzer. After in situ synthesis of IrO2 nanoparticles on N–doped TiO2 nanof

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Yoon, Soon-Gil, Dwi Wicaksana, Dong-Joo Kim, Seung-Hyun Kim, and A. I. Kingon. "Effect of hydrogen on true leakage current characteristics of (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 thin-film capacitors with Pt- or Ir-based top electrodes." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 4 (2001): 1185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0163.

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The degradation behavior of polarization and leakage current characteristics of sol-gel-derived (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 (PLZT) thin films, with Pt, Ir, and IrO2 top electrodes, by annealing under a 4% H2/96% N2 atmosphere were investigated. The leakage current behaviors of Pt/PLZT/Pt and IrO2/PLZT/Pt capacitors annealed at 300 °C for 20 min in 4% H2 were well consistent with the space-charge-influenced injection model proposed. However, IrO2/PLZT/Pt capacitors recovered at 700 °C for 10 min in Ar ambient after hydrogen anneal were not consistent with the proposed model because a conducting phase of I

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Luo, Shengyin, Ziqing Zuo, and Hongbin Sun. "Reduced Graphene Oxide-Coated Iridium Oxide as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Water Electrolysis." Molecules 30, no. 9 (2025): 2069. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30092069.

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Producing hydrogen by water electrolysis has attracted significant attention as a potential renewable energy solution. In this work, a catalyst with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) loaded on IrO2/TiO2 (called rGO/IrO2/TiO2) was designed for the catalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The catalyst was synthesized by coating graphene oxide onto a pretreated IrO2/TiO2 precursor, followed by thermal treatment at 450 °C to achieve reduction and the adhesion of graphene to the substrate. The graphene support retained its intact sp2 carbon framework with minor oxygen-containing functional groups, whi

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Heidari, Alireza, Margaret Hotz, Nancy MacDonald, et al. "Interdisciplinary approach to iridium (iv) oxide (IrO2) nanoparticles as weapons against cancer under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations." International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 9, no. 2 (2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31658.

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In the current research, interdisciplinary approach to Iridium (IV) Oxide (IrO2) nanoparticles as weapons against cancer under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations is investigated. The calculation of thickness and optical constants of Iridium (IV) Oxide (IrO2) interdisciplinary approach to Iridium (IV) Oxide (IrO2) nanoparticles as weapons against cancer under synchrotron and synchrocyclotron radiations produced using sol–gel method over glassy medium through a single reflection spectrum is presented. To obtain an appropriate fit for reflection spectrum, the classic Drude–Lorentz model

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Chen, Po-Wen, Chen-Te Chang, and Po-Hsiu Kuo. "Ionic Storage Materials for Anodic Discoloration in Electrochromic Devices." Energies 16, no. 24 (2023): 8119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16248119.

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The ion storage layer in electrochromic devices (ECDs) stores protons or lithium ions to provide electrochemical stability and extend cycle durability. This paper reports on the performance and stability of ECDs paired with various ion storage layers (NiO, V2O5, and IrO2 films). The complementary ECD using a V2O5 ion storage layer presented the fastest response time, but the lowest optical contrast. In addition, the ECD using an IrO2 ion storage layer proved the most effective as an ion storage layer, due to its high optical modulation ability capability and long-term stability. Chronoamperome

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Chien, Po-Yu, Chih-Yuan Wu, Ruey-Tay Wang, et al. "Quantum-interference origin and magnitude of 1/f noise in Dirac nodal line IrO₂ nanowires at low temperatures." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 14 (2023): 143102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0147131.

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We present 1/ f noise measurements of IrO2 nanowires from 1.7 to 350 K. Results reveal that the noise magnitude (represented by Hooge parameter γ) increases at low temperatures, indicating low-frequency resistance noise from universal conductance fluctuations. The cause of this noise is determined to be due to oxygen vacancies in the rutile structure of IrO2. Additionally, the number density of these mobile defects can be calculated from the [Formula: see text] resistance rise caused by the two-channel Kondo effect in the Dirac nodal line metal IrO2.

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Huang, Y. S., S. S. Lin, C. R. Huang, M. C. Lee, T. E. Dann, and F. Z. Chien. "Raman spectrum of IrO2." Solid State Communications 70, no. 5 (1989): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(89)90942-3.

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Manjunatha, Likhith, Mayumi Nagayama, Akari Hayashi, and Kanzunari Sasaki. "Developing Reversal-Tolerant Anode for PEFCs by Introducing Iridium-Based Layered Structure." ECS Transactions 111, no. 5 (2023): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11105.0041ecst.

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The cell voltage reversal phenomena occurring at the anode was focused on for the purpose of extending the lifetime of PEFCs. In order to address both the carbon-based degradation and alloying-based degradation at the anode. Multifunctional layered anodes were proposed. Anodes were designed in order to separate the Pt/C and IrO2 layers. This approach successfully increased durability toward the carbon-based degradation. This is most likely because a water electrolysis reaction rather preferentially occurs at the IrO2 layer near the electrolyte membrane, leading to suppression of carbon corrosi

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Ko, Tien-Fu, Po-Wen Chen, Kuan-Ming Li, Hong-Tsu Young, Chen-Te Chang, and Sheng-Chuan Hsu. "High-Performance Complementary Electrochromic Device Based on Iridium Oxide as a Counter Electrode." Materials 14, no. 7 (2021): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071591.

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In complementary electrochromic devices (ECDs), nickel oxide (NiO) is generally used as a counter electrode material for enhancing the coloration efficiency. However, an NiO film as a counter electrode in ECDs is susceptible to degradation upon prolonged electrochemical cycling, which leads to an insufficient device lifetime. In this study, a type of counter electrode iridium oxide (IrO2) layer was fabricated using vacuum cathodic arc plasma (CAP). We focused on the comparison of IrO2 and NiO deposited on a 5 × 5 cm2 indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate with various Ar/O2 gas-flow ratios (1/

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Touni, Aikaterini, Athanasios Papaderakis, Dimitrios Karfaridis, Georgios Vourlias, and Sotiris Sotiropoulos. "Oxygen Evolution Reaction at IrO2/Ir(Ni) Film Electrodes Prepared by Galvanic Replacement and Anodization: Effect of Precursor Ni Film Thickness." Molecules 24, no. 11 (2019): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112095.

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IrO2/Ir(Ni) film electrodes of variable Ni content have been prepared via a galvanic replacement method, whereby surface layers of pre-deposited Ni are replaced by Ir, followed by electrochemical anodization. Electrodeposition of Ni on a glassy carbon electrode support has been carried out at constant potential and the charge of electrodeposited Ni controlled so as to investigate the effect of precursor Ni layer thickness on the electrocatalytic activity of the corresponding IrO2/Ir(Ni)/GC electrodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). After their preparation, these electrodes were charac

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Chidziva, Stanford, Dorcas Zide, Joshua John Bambo, Anele Sinto, Sivakumar Pasupathi, and Bernard J. Bladergroen. "Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Ru-Modified Iridium Oxide Catalysts for PEM Electrolysis." AppliedChem 4, no. 4 (2024): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem4040022.

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In the search of sustainable energy solutions, proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) have emerged as a promising alternative for sustainable clean hydrogen production. This study focuses on synthesis and characterization of Ruthenium (Ru)-modified iridium oxide (IrO2) catalysts. The anode is the principal reason for the high overpotential of PEMWEs and it also greatly increases the cost of the electrolyzers. IrO2 is highly stable and corrosion-resistant, particularly in acidic environments, making it a durable catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in PEMWEs, though i

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Heikkilä, Mikko J., Jani Hämäläinen, Esa Puukilainen, Markku Leskelä, and Mikko Ritala. "High-temperature X-ray scattering studies of atomic layer deposited IrO2." Journal of Applied Crystallography 53, no. 2 (2020): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720001053.

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IrO2 is an important material in numerous applications ranging from catalysis to the microelectronics industry, but despite this its behaviour upon annealing under different conditions has not yet been thoroughly studied. This work provides a detailed investigation of the annealing of IrO2 thin films using in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction and X-ray reflectivity (HTXRR) measurements from room temperature up to 1000°C in oxygen, nitrogen, forming gas and vacuum. Complementary ex situ scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements were conducted. The combined data

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Sherman, Benjamin D., Smitha Pillai, Gerdenis Kodis, et al. "A porphyrin-stabilized iridium oxide water oxidation catalyst." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 89, no. 2 (2011): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-118.

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Colloidal solutions of iridium oxide hydrate (IrO2·nH2O) were formed using porphyrin stabilizers bearing malonate-like functional groups at each of the four meso positions of the porphyrin ring. Cyclic voltammetry and monitoring of solution oxygen concentrations under constant applied potential demonstrated the electrochemical catalytic activity of the porphyrin–IrO2·nH2O complexes for the oxidation of water to oxygen. Quenching of the porphyrin fluorescence in the complex implies strong interaction between the porphyrin and the IrO2·nH2O. These results mark a step toward developing a porphyri

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Di Blasi, A., C. D’Urso, V. Baglio, et al. "Preparation and evaluation of RuO2–IrO2, IrO2–Pt and IrO2–Ta2O5 catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in an SPE electrolyzer." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 39, no. 2 (2008): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-008-9651-y.

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Casanova-Cháfer, Juan, Èric Navarrete, and Eduard Llobet. "Gas Sensing Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (2018): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130874.

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The properties of Iridium oxide (IrO2) decorated Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (IrO2-MWCNTs) are studied for detecting nitrogen dioxide and ammonia vapors. IrO2 nanoparticles were synthetized using a hydrolysis and acid condensation growth mechanism, and subsequently employed for decorating the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes. Decorated MWCNTs films were deposited onto SiO2/Si substrates for achieving chemoresistive gas sensors. NO2 and NH3 gases were detected under different experimental conditions. Higher and more stable responses towards NH3 and NO2 were observed for iridium-oxide nanoparticle

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Li, Wenting, Junyu Zhu, Hongzhong Cai, et al. "Research Progress on the Application of One-Step Fabrication Techniques for Iridium-Based Thin Films in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction." Coatings 14, no. 9 (2024): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091147.

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Electrochemical water splitting, a sustainable method for hydrogen production, faces the challenge of slow oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics. Iridium oxide (IrO2) is widely regarded as the most effective catalyst for OER due to its excellent properties. Compared to nanoparticles, IrO2 thin films exhibit significant advantages in OER, including a uniform and stable catalytic interface and excellent mechanical strength. This paper reviews recent advancements in one-step deposition techniques for the preparation of IrO2 thin films and their application in OER. Additionally, it analyzes the

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Banti, Angeliki, Christina Zafeiridou, Michail Charalampakis, et al. "IrO2 Oxygen Evolution Catalysts Prepared by an Optimized Photodeposition Process on TiO2 Substrates." Molecules 29, no. 10 (2024): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102392.

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Preparing high-performance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts with low precious metal loadings for water electrolysis applications (e.g., for green hydrogen production) is challenging and requires electrically conductive, high-surface-area, and stable support materials. Combining the properties of stable TiO2 with those of active iridium oxide, we synthesized highly active electrodes for OER in acidic media. TiO2 powders (both commercially available Degussa P-25® and hydrothermally prepared in the laboratory from TiOSO4, either as received/prepared or following ammonolysis to be convert

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Frijters, Corné, Hardik Jain, Jie Shen, et al. "Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition of Iridium Oxide Electrocatalyst Layers for PEM Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 38 (2023): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02381814mtgabs.

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Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) is a commonly used technique to produce green hydrogen from water. A massive upscaling of PEMWE installations is required in the coming decade to keep up with the foreseen demand for green hydrogen. State-of-the-art PEM electrolyzers make use of iridium-based electrocatalyst layers with iridium loadings of 1-2 mg/cm2. The high cost and limited availability of iridium will limit the scalability of PEMWE if the iridium loading cannot be reduced. Atomic Layer Deposition can be used to apply thin and highly conformal IrO2 films on porous substrat

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