Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iron Age

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Iron Age'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 May 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Iron Age.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Iron Age"

1

Fell, Vanessa. "Iron Age iron files from England." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 16, no. 1 (March 1997): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0092.00027.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Jacobs, Paul. "Iron Age Sieve." Biblical Archaeologist 57, no. 3 (September 1994): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3210416.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Antonaccio, Carla. "Iron Age Reciprocity." Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 29, no. 1 (June 10, 2016): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmea.v29i1.31049.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bisson, Michael S., and Thomas N. Huffman. "Iron Age Migrations." International Journal of African Historical Studies 25, no. 1 (1992): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220159.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bergström, Eva. "Early Iron Age." Current Swedish Archaeology 3, no. 1 (December 28, 1995): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1995.04.

Full text

Abstract:

In this survey the Early Iron Age includes the Pre-Roman Iron Age, the Roman Iron Age and the Migration Period. Results and experiences from excavations and field inventories are summed up. The ongoing debate concerning general problems is mirrored, such as change in settlement pattern, in social organization, in handicraft and trade as well as in religion. The survey should not be considered as comprehensive, why several interesting works must be left unconsidered.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hamilton, Sue. "Iron Age Pottery." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 51, S2 (1985): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x0007818x.

Full text

Abstract:

Fabric categories.Fabric 1 : flint tendered (28%)Inclusions; medium size calcined flint temper of medium abundance (approximately 1000 grains per 1 gm of sherd) with a negligible backing of medium grade sand quartz natural to the clay.Example of analysed sherd: flint temper (99%0; G - 0.9%, VC - 8#5%, C - 26.8%, M - 39.4%, F - 24.4% quartz sand (1%); M - 11 grains per gram of sherdFiring and surface finish; surfaces and core are generally reduced but patches of buff, brown and orange exist. Exterior and some internal surfaces show signs of horizontal burnishing.Sherd wall thickness; 4 - 8 mmTechnology; handmade with evidence of coil construction and subsequent drawing up (Rye 1981, 67-73).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Nash, George. "Iron Age Iberia." Antiquity 78, no. 299 (March 2004): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00093066.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Steinke, Michael. "New iron age?" New Scientist 215, no. 2876 (August 2012): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(12)62012-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Casu, Carla, and Stefano Rivella. "Iron age: novel targets for iron overload." Hematology 2014, no. 1 (December 5, 2014): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2014.1.216.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Excess iron deposition in vital organs is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients affected by β-thalassemia and hereditary hemochromatosis. In both disorders, inappropriately low levels of the liver hormone hepcidin are responsible for the increased iron absorption, leading to toxic iron accumulation in many organs. Several studies have shown that targeting iron absorption could be beneficial in reducing or preventing iron overload in these 2 disorders, with promising preclinical data. New approaches target Tmprss6, the main suppressor of hepcidin expression, or use minihepcidins, small peptide hepcidin agonists. Additional strategies in β-thalassemia are showing beneficial effects in ameliorating ineffective erythropoiesis and anemia. Due to the suppressive nature of the erythropoiesis on hepcidin expression, these approaches are also showing beneficial effects on iron metabolism. The goal of this review is to discuss the major factors controlling iron metabolism and erythropoiesis and to discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches to reduce or prevent iron overload in these 2 disorders and ameliorate anemia in β-thalassemia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Fajmonová, E., J. Zelenka, and K. Holendová. "Effect of age upon utilisation of iron in chickens." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 9 (December 13, 2011): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4325-cjas.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of age upon iron retention in cockerels of laying and meat type hybrids was examined within 46 subsequent balance periods. Chickens were fed ad libitum a diet with the content of 312 mg Fe per 1 kg. The dependence of Fe utilisation upon age from Day 3 to Day 100 was expressed by the second degree parabolas with minimum values in the tenth week of age. The dependence of Fe content in weight gains on age was highly significant (P < 0.01). The course of this dependence was expressed by parabolas with minimum values on Day 38 and Day 28 in slow and fast growing chickens, resp. The growth rate of total amount of Fe in the body was by 6 per cent lower (P < 0.01) than that of live weight of chickens.    

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iron Age"

1

De, Jersey Philip E. "Coinage in Iron Age Armorica /." Oxford : Institute of archaeology, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36681414x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Guttmann, E. B., I. A. Simpson, N. Nielsen, and Stephen J. Dockrill. "Anthrosols in Iron Age Shetland." Wiley, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4696.

Full text

Abstract:

no
The soils surrounding three Iron Age settlements on South Mainland, Shetland, were sampled and compared for indicators of soil amendment. Two of the sites (Old Scatness and Jarlshof) were on lower-lying, better-drained, sheltered land; the third (Clevigarth) was in an acid, exposed environment at a higher elevation. The hypothesis, based on previous regional assessments, soil thicknesses, and excavations at Old Scatness, was that the lowland sites would have heavily fertilized soils and that the thin upland soil would show little if any amendment. Our findings indicate that the Middle Iron Age soils at Old Scatness had extremely high phosphorus levels, while the soil at Jarlshof had lower levels of enhancement. At Clevigarth, where charcoal from the buried soil was 14C dated to the Neolithic and Bronze Age, there was no evidence of arable activity or soil amendment associated with the Iron Age phases of settlement. These observations indicate that not all sites put the same amount of effort into creating rich arable soils. The three sites had very different agricultural capacities, which suggests the emergence of local trade in agricultural commodities in Iron Age Shetland.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Chirikure, Shadreck. "Iron production in Iron Age Zimbabwe : stagnation or innovation?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444570/.

Full text

Abstract:

In conventional reconstructions of southern African archaeology, it has been assumed implicitly or explicitly that the production of iron was unchanging for close to 1500 years. This view was sustained despite the evidence for distinct methods of smelting that were encountered. Clearly, studies which explore the possibility of historical change in production need to be undertaken. This thesis addresses the issue of change by developing a long term perspective on iron production in Zimbabwe. The hypothesis that change is inherent to iron production was examined through ethnohistorical/ethnographic, archaeological and archaeometallurgical investigations. Initially, iron working among the historical Njanja, Karanga and Kalanga was considered. When compared, some important similarities and differences emerged. While the principles of the technology were identical, some modifications were apparent which were peculiar to each group in areas such as the scale of production, trade and the socio-spatial organisation of technology. Archaeological studies were conducted at Swart Village, Baranda, Nyanga and Wedza. The data obtained was supplemented with that archived in the Museum of Human Sciences in Harare. Again, there were some major outward discrepancies exhibited in aspects such as furnace types, symbolism and spatial location of production episodes. The remains from the production process were then studied in the laboratory using standard archaeometallurgical procedures. While the production process was similar for early and later sites, constrained by the underlying principles of the bloomery process, some changes took place over time. Slag from Swart Village was tapped while that from other sites was not. The 19th century Njanja improved their furnaces by using many tuyeres and bellows which increased their efficiency beyond any known archaeological case in Zimbabwe. When viewed diachronically, the continuities and changes detected in this study demonstrate that change was an integral part of the technological past. Therefore future studies of iron production will need to take this issue of change further by constructing local histories of iron working in areas where no research has been done to broaden our knowledge of the development of the process over time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Parker, Heather Dana Davis. "Scribal education in iron age Israel." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p062-0270.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Pacheco, Ruiz Rodrigo. "Maritime lives in Iron Age Britain." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/381454/.

Full text

Abstract:

Iron Age coastal communities in England have been poorly understood since the beginning of our discipline. This is mainly as result of the lack of evidence for everyday maritime activities and also the focus of research on explaining an agro-pastoral way of living. Evidence of fishing, boats, harbour structures and ports are very rare archaeologically, and thinking about people living by the sea in this period has been widely overlooked as most of the interest has been the nature of the connections and trade-networks (mainly by Cunliffe 2008). In contrast, evidence for non maritime activities, such as farming and cattle rearing is so rich that looking to the coast only happens in special situations. Using the Isles of Scilly as a case study, this research challenges the established views that societies on the coasts of south-west of England were mainly cattle herders and farmers. Through palaeolandscape reconstruction, site analysis and material culture study, this research argues that settlement on the coastline is as important as that found inland. It shows that Iron Age maritime aspects of culture were deeply embedded within cultural traditions and that the maritime way of living had little to do with extraordinary or unusual situations. This research shows that preconceived ideas of what a maritime site should look like, as is the case of harbour structures and important ports, divert the attention from the subtleties of recognising maritime culture’s signature. It is through the study of archaeological context and environmental evidence that these are likely to become more obvious. Therefore, throughout this document the analysis of maritime landscape, settlement pattern and material culture generates new perspectives on how to approach the study of maritime societies in archaeology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Mason, Philip. "The Early Iron Age of Slovenia /." Oxford : BAR : Tempus reparatum, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36693131c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Cooney, Elizabeth Myers. "Bronze metallurgy in Iron Age central Europe : a metallurgical study of Early Iron Age bronzes from Stična, Slovenia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39480.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2007.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, p. 375-377).
The Early Iron Age (750-450 BCE) marks a time in the European Alpine Region in which cultural ideologies surrounding bronze objects and bronze production were changing. Iron was becoming the preferred material from which to make many utilitarian objects such as weapons and agricultural tools; this change can be clearly seen in the different treatments of bronze object deposits from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. The Early Iron Age hillfort settlement of Sticna in what is now southeastern Slovenia was one of the first incipient commercial centers to take advantage of the new importance placed on iron, conducting trade with Italy, Greece, the Balkans, and northern Europe. This metallurgical study of bronze funerary objects from Sticna identifies construction techniques, use patterns, and bronze metallurgical technologies from the ancient region of Lower Carniola. This information is then used to explore the cultural importance of bronze at Early Iron Age Sticna and to compare the bronze work of Lower Carniola with that of other regions in central Europe and Italy from this time of great change in Iron Age Europe.
S.M.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Morgenroth, Ulrich. "Southern Iberia in the early Iron Age." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a6b4918f-9cd0-4246-a87c-c814274ce56a.

Full text

Abstract:

During the first half of the 8th century, people from the Phoenician Levant came to southern Iberia and founded a chain of settlements along the Spanish Mediterranean coast, as well as the city of Gadir (modern Cadiz) on the Atlantic seaboard. It is generally agreed that these colonisers came to the region to exploit the rich deposits of precious metals. Oriental style objects, which indicate the exchange between the Phoenician settlers and indigenous communities, can be found in almost all indigenous early Iron Age sites in the region. Initially, the purpose of this study had been to detect the elements of Greek and Phoenician influence in the material culture of the early Iron Age (the 8th century until around 600 BC), but as work progressed it became increasingly clear that this undertaking was far more complex than it had been assumed. The Phoenicians turned out to be only one factor in a complex process of transformation from the late Bronze Age way of life to the development of the early Iberian states after 600 BC. While the examination of the interaction between the indigenous communities and the eastern Mediterranean colonisers remained an important part of the study, my investigation now attempts to generate a more general picture of the early Iron Age in modern Andalusia, including the analysis of the social and economic processes which transformed society throughout the period. The investigation is organised on the basis of three major parts: An introduction: including the geography and climate of the region, as well as the history and archaeology of the Pheonician colonisation (with a certain emphasis on Gadir, and the excellently excavated site of Castillo Doña Blanca); as well as the indigenous Bronze Age background, and a number of theoretical considerations. The central part introduces the archaeological evidence, organised in two sections: a topographical section, describing the settlement and cemetery evidence; and a second section, discussing a selection of artefacts which, in my opinion, are particularly useful for a reconstruction of the social processes. Finally, the synthesis attempts to reconstruct various aspects of the early Iron Age culture in the region: such as the economic organisation, social development, ritual practice, and significance of the Phoenician presence for the development of the local cultures, as well as to introduce a regional division of the area under discussion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Blaylock, S. R. "Tille Höyük and Iron Age North Mesopotamia." Thesis, Swansea University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636111.

Full text

Abstract:

The multi-period site of Tille Höyük, on the River Euphrates in South-East Turkey was occupied through much of the pre-Hellenistic Iron Age (approximately from the 12^th/11^th to the 5^th centuries BC). The site was excavated between 1979 and 1990 by the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara. The thesis uses the analysis of the stratification, architecture and material cultural remains revealed by the excavations to examine the nature of the Iron Age sequence at a site on the periphery of North Mesopotamia and, thereby, that of the wider region (including North Syria and South-East Turkey). The thesis aims to produce a coherent account of the stratigraphic and architectural sequence at Tille; to evaluate information on the length of occupation; and to establish the reliability of pottery and selected objects. By comparison with other material on a local, regional, and inter-regional basis, it aims to place the results in their historical, chronological and archaeological context. The strengths of the site: a long stratigraphic sequence; a reasonably well-established chronology; breadth of exposure of architectural plans; a reliable ceramic sequence; are combined to provide an exemplar for the North Mesopotamian Iron Age. Tille adds new factors to an assessment of the Iron Age sequence: demonstrably continuous occupation through the ‘dark ages’ of the 12^th/11^th centuries; distinctive pottery types tied into the stratigraphic sequence that show other sequences to be incomplete. It enlarges the corpus of material culture; and fills gaps in knowledge of the provincial settlement and installations of the Neo-Assyrian and Persian Empires. Supplementary aspects include the discussion of well-preserved architectural plans of the Neo-Hittite, Neo-Assyrian and Persian periods; and the examination of aspects of archaeological excavation and interpretation with wider applications, in particular the validity of inferences from the study of pottery and artefacts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Foster, Sally M. "Aspects of the late Atlantic Iron Age." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1051/.

Full text

Abstract:

The Scottish Atlantic Iron Age is recognised as falling into four periods, the EIA, MIA, LIA I and LIA II. Least is known of the LIA I, the immediate post-broch period. Original analysis of the C-14 record confirms these divisions; they result as a combination of the effects of the Trondheim calibration curve but mainly the history of archaeological survival and previous excavation strategy. A large data base of pins and combs is examined and analysed, following on the earlier work of Stevenson (1955a), because these are some of the more ubiquitous and chronologically sensitive artefacts belonging to the LIA. This provides the basis for a reconsideration of the nature of LIA settlement throughout the Atlantic Province as a whole, more particularly in the study area of Orkney and Caithness. There are still severe problems in recognising LIA, particularly LIA I activity. This analysis forms the basis for a case study of Orkney and Caithness from around the early centuries of the first millennium BC to the eighth or ninth century AD. A scheme is suggested for the structural developments witnessed over this period, and on the basis of the general trends observed, a social interpretation is put forward. An attempt is made to apply Fields of Discourse, which is contrasted with previous work in this area, because of its sound methodological approach. Archaeological application of the technique of access analysis is described and used to investigate how the use of space structured and reproduced these changing social relations. The shift from locally based power sources to more centralised, in relation to Orkney and Caithness more distant, sources of authority is demonstrated, and related to the development of the southern Pictish kingdom. This change reflects the move from intensive to extensive sources of power. Other aspects of social reproduction are examined to see if they fit within this framework. On analogy with contemporary situations elsewhere and the evidence to hand, the means by which this power may have been exercised, specifically changing agricultural practice and land tenure, and the ideological power of Christianity are speculated upon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Iron Age"

1

Coetzee, J. M. Age of iron. London: Penguin Books, 1991.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

McMinn, Richard. Iron age warriors. (Belfast): Stranmillis College History Department/Learning Resources Unit in association with the Ulster History Park, 1993.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Coetzee, J. M. Age of Iron. New York: Random House, 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Coetzee, J. M. Age of Iron. New York: Random House, 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Coetzee, J. M. Age of Iron. London: Secker & Warburg, 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Coetzee, J. M. Age of Iron. New York: Random House, 1990.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Coetzee, J. M. Age of iron. New York: Vintage Books, 1992.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Company, Chilton. Iron age: Metals producer. Radnor, Pa: Chilton Co., 1986.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Reynolds, Peter J. Iron Age agriculture reviewed. [London]: Council for British Archaeology, 1985.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

D, Hill J. The Iron Age project. [Southampton: Dept. of Archaeology, University of Southampton], 1989.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Iron Age"

1

Wells, Peter S. "The Iron Age." In European Prehistory, 335–83. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0751-2_10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Peregrine, Peter N. "Iranian Iron Age." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 196–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0023-0_20.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Hummel, Rolf E. "The Iron Age." In Understanding Materials Science, 123–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2972-6_7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wells, Peter S. "The Iron Age." In European Prehistory, 405–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6633-9_11.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Laing, Lloyd. "Iron Age Britain." In Celtic Britain, 14–100. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003411963-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Lucy, Sam. "Roman Iron Age." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 264–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1187-8_21.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Peregrine, Peter N. "Scandinavian Iron Age." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 315–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1187-8_24.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Rama Krishna Pisipaty, S. "Early Iron Age India." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 3430–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_3187.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Colivicchi, Fabio. "Tombs, Greek (Iron Age)." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 10657–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_930.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Sinopoli, Carla. "South Indian Iron Age." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 361–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0023-0_35.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Iron Age"

1

Patton, Charles C. "Are We Out of the Iron Age Yet?" In CORROSION 1993, 1–7. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93056.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Corrosion control in water injection systems incompasses a wide range of technologies including chemicals (corrosion inhibitors, biocides, oxygen scavengers), corrosion resistant materials (both metallic and non-metallic), internal coatings and linings, mechanical removal of dissolved oxygen, velocity control, and prevention of oxygen entry and galvanic couples. This paper reviews the way that these technologies are employed in modem water injection systems (both seawater and produced water) to provide an acceptable service life and high quality injection water.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Speidel, Markus O., and Ruth Magdowski Pedrazzoli. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Age-Hardenable NiFeCr Alloys in High Temperature Water." In CORROSION 1990, 1–8. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90518.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The nickel base superalloys X-750 and IN 718 as well as the iron base superalloy A-286 have exhibited intergranular stress corrosion cracking in service in high temperature water. The present paper summarizes the results of fracture mechanics studies to determine the effect of stress intensity on the growth rates of stress corrosion cracks in these three materials in 288°C water. In addition, several other precipitation hardenable nickel base alloys have been tested and all results are compared to the known literature data which have been obtained under similar conditions. Typical threshold stress intensities are near 20Mpam, and typical stress corrosion crack growth rates are 10-10 to 10-9 m/s. A trend for increasing crack growth rates with increasing yield strength is observed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Anderko, Andrzej, and Patrick J. Shuler. "Modeling the Formation of Iron Sulfide Scales Using Thermodynamic Simulation Software." In CORROSION 1998, 1–15. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98064.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A program has been developed for generating stability diagrams that concisely represent the thermodynamic state of multicomponent, multiphase aqueous systems in wide ranges of temperature and component concentrations. The diagrams are based on a thermodynamic model that combines the Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers equation of state for standard-state properties with a solutions nonideality model based on the activity coefficient expressions developed by Bromley and Pitzer. The diagrams offer a flexible choice of independent variables, which include component concentrations in addition to the potential and pH. The stability diagrams are used to predict the conditions that favor the formation of stable and metastable iron sulfide species, which are commonly deposited under oil field-related conditions. First, the diagrams have been applied to establish a sequence of transformations that iron sulfides undergo as they age. The predicted transformation sequences take into account environmental variables (e.g., hydrogen sulfide concentration, oxygen availability, etc.). The predictions are in agreement with experimental data on iron sulfide formation at the iron/solution interface and in bulk solution. The understanding of iron sulfide transformation sequences makes it possible to simulate experimental studies of H2S/CO2 corrosion in the presence or absence of oxygen. A comparison with laboratory corrosion rate data under gas pipeline conditions indicates that the magnitude of corrosion rates can be correlated with the predicted stability of metastable iron sulfide phases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Zamanzadeh, Mehrooz, Edward Larkin, Peyman Taheri, Alyson Char, Aaron Ulmer, Erik Lahti, and Anil Kumar Chikkam. "Water Main Breaks - High Time to Learn from Mistakes and Avoid Further Breaks." In CORROSION 2021, 1–20. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16837.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Water main failures are very expensive for municipalities because they typically result in expenses associated with repair costs, flood damage, and loss of revenue to affected businesses. Water main failures also interrupt the operation of vital services, such as medical care and fire-fighting operations. Currently, millions of dollars are spent annually by the water utility industry and by municipalities on the repair of failed components of the water distribution infrastructure, such as components that are made from gray cast iron or "gray iron” pipe and ductile cast iron or "ductile iron” pipe. The rate of municipal water main failures is expected to increase as the existing cast iron infrastructure continues to age. The cost of repairing damages caused by broken water mains (and subsequent flooding damage) may become an important item in many municipal budgets. It is important to develop a corrosion program to prevent catastrophic failures of water mains. This paper presents a plan consisting of several phases including preassessment, indirect assessment, direct assessment, and integrity assessment of failed water mains. We will elaborate on the failure mechanisms, failure analysis protocols, and corrosion mitigation strategies for water mains that experience breaks. Water main breaks are mainly due to corrosive soil, pipe material, galvanic action, stray current corrosion, or microbiological induced corrosion (MIC). This paper provides an overview of corrosion issues commonly experienced by water main pipes, presents specific case histories involving graphitic corrosion, galvanic corrosion, stray current corrosion, and MIC. In this paper, we will introduce a graphitization sensor for condition assessment of water mains. This sensor can identify the location and extent of graphitization on water main.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bednarowicz, T. A., and S. L. Radabaugh. "Sour Service Performance of Alloy 625." In CORROSION 1988, 1–21. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88058.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Various product forms of alloy UNS NO6625 - age hardenable HIP, extruded powder, and wrought and weldments on an iron base material - along with UNS NO7718 were evaluated in laboratory simulated sour gas environments. Test results, primarily utilizing the slow strain rate and double cantilever beam test techniques revealed: (1) environmental compatibility of HIP NO6625 from 75-350°F (23-171°C) in acidified brine containing elemental sulfur and high concentrations of H2S and CO2, (2) lower levels of performance of wrought and weld versions of NO6625 and NO7718.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Tsui, Kenny, and Jennifer E. Wong. "Effect of Corrosion Inhibitor Active Components on Corrosion Inhibition in a Sweet Environment." In CORROSION 2010, 1–27. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10326.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In sweet corrosion, corrosion scales such as iron carbonate are formed on the internal surfaces of oil and gas production and transport systems. Depending on the type of corrosion inhibition program and the age of production system before chemical treatment is implemented, the presence of corrosion scale could affect the performance of the inhibitor. Previous work completed by the authors' company investigated the interaction of iron carbonate and three inhibitor actives - quaternary amine, imidazoline, and phosphate ester. This study is a continuation and examines two more generic compounds: quaternary amine dimer and alkyl pyridine quaternary amine. Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were used to measure corrosion rates and to monitor the active-scale interaction. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the iron scale layer. The second part of this paper explores aggregate formation for several generic inhibitor actives. Most actives are surfactants which form micelles above the Critical Micelle Concentrations (CMC). In theory, maximum inhibition should be observed around the CMC since additional surfactant molecules lead to the formation of micelles and do not contribute to inhibition. This concept is discussed and the relationship between surfactant concentration, adsorption and inhibition is analyzed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Itkis, S. E., and T. B. Sokolova. "Physical-archaeological Modeling of Iron Age Casemate Walls." In Near Surface Geoscience 2015 - 21st European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201413773.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Itkis, S. E., T. B. Sokolova, and V. V. Sukhin. "Physical-archaeological Modelling of Iron Age Casemate Walls." In Near Surface Geoscience 2014 - 20th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20142107.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Rautenbach, Elana, and Kim Timm. "Reconstructing the Iron Age in 21st Century Style." In IABSE Symposium, Nantes 2018: Tomorrow’s Megastructures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nantes.2018.s28-17.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Vretemark, Maria. "Evidence of animal offerings in Iron Age Scandinavia." In Bones, behaviour and belief. The osteological evidence as a source for Greek ritual practice. Swedish Institute at Athens, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-06.

Full text

Abstract:

Written contemporary sources of animal sacrificial rituals in Iron Age Scandinavia are almost non-existent. However, we have some rare descriptions about the people of northern Europe from Roman historians. Most famous of these is of course Tacitus who gives us valuable information about life in Scandinavia during the first century AD. Among other things we learn about fertility rituals carried out in sacrificial bogs and we understand the close connection between the goddess and water. Tacitus’ descriptions, as well as younger sources such as the Old Norse religious texts of Scandinavia, also clearly tell us about the magic role of different animals such as birds, wild boar, wolf and horse. In the archaeological material we try to recognize traces of religious acts that once took place. But how can we tell the difference and distinguish between the remains of ritual animal offerings on one hand and the normal kitchen waste on the other? This paper deals with some examples of horse offerings in bogs and ponds and with ritual deposits of animal bones in dry settlement contexts in Sweden. Zooarchaeological analysis gives us valuable data and a key to interpret the animal bone assemblages as evidence of animal offerings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Iron Age"

1

Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

Full text

Abstract:

The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Von L. Richards and Wayne Nicola. Age Strengthening of Gray Cast Iron Phase III. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Schady, Norbert. Cash Transfers and Anemia Among Women of Reproductive Age. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011398.

Full text

Abstract:

Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world, affecting more than 2 billion people in developing countries. We show that a modest cash transfer substantially reduced anemia among women of reproductive age in rural Ecuador.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Bakker, Jan David, Stephan Maurer, Jörn-Steffen Pischke, and Ferdinand Rauch. Of Mice and Merchants: Trade and Growth in the Iron Age. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24825.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Mortensen, J. K., C. Relf, W. J. Davis, and J. E. King. U - Pb Zircon Ages From the Shallow Bay Volcaniclastic Belt, Contwoyto Lake area, Northwest Territories: Age Constraints For Lupin - Type Iron - Formation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132906.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Kavanagh, Eduardo, Mercedes Lanz Domínguez, and Fernando Quesada Sanz. Quern and millstones from the Iberian Iron Age settlement of Cerro de la Cruz, Almedinilla, Córdoba, Spain. Universitat de Lleida. Departament d'Història. Secció d'Arqueologia, Prehistòria i Història Antiga, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21001/rap.2019.extra-4.15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Dudko, A. A., and A. A. Tsybankov. THE MATERIALS FROM ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE EARLY IRON AGE – MIDDLE AGES SITES IN THE INUNDATION AREA OF THE LOWER BUREYA HYDRO POWER PLANT OF 2015–2016. "Росток", 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/dud-2018-13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Van Breemen, O., O. Jefferson, and T. Bursey. Precise 2683 Ma Age of Turbidite-Hosted Auriferous Iron Formations in the Vicinity of George Lake, eastern Slave Structural Province, NWT. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/133354.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Knudsen, Tyler R. Interim Geologic Map of the Parowan Quadrangle, Iron County, Utah. Utah Geological Survey, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ofr-764.

Full text

Abstract:

The Parowan 7.5' quadrangle is centered around the City of Parowan at the eastern margin of the Basin and Range Province in Iron County, southwestern Utah. The quadrangle covers part of the northwestern flank of the Markagunt Plateau and part of the adjacent Parowan Valley. Interstate 15 crosses the northwestern corner of the map area. Parowan Creek and its tributaries have carved deep canyons into the Markagunt Plateau, exposing a succession of sedimentary and volcanic rocks ranging in age from Late Cretaceous to Middle Pleistocene. The modern landscape is dominated by northeast-southwest-trending high-angle normal faults that form a series of horsts and grabens. The largest graben, Parowan Valley, is bounded by the Parowan fault on the southeast and is part of the transitional boundary between the Colorado Plateau to the east and the Basin and Range Province to the west. Large down-to-the-west displacements on the Parowan and the subparallel Paragonah faults have formed the precipitous Hurricane Cliffs. Along the base of the Hurricane Cliffs, Cretaceous through Eocene strata dip moderately to steeply northwest as part of the Cedar City-Parowan monocline, indicating that the eastward progression of Sevier deformation in this area extended into the Eocene. Extensive mass-wasting deposits consisting largely of Oligocene and Miocene volcanic rocks are preserved within four major northeast-trending grabens that traverse the Markagunt Plateau and are absent on upthrown blocks. Mass-wasting deposits range from Miocene regional-scale gravity-slide deposits to modern localized landsliding and slumping of weak, oversteepened units. The Parowan fault and nearby intrabasin faults in Parowan Valley have locally displaced Late Pleistocene to Holocene alluvial-fan deposits, indicating that the faults should be considered hazardous.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Roscoe, S. M., and J. A. Donaldson. Uraniferous pyritic quartz pebble conglomerate and layered ultramafic intrusions in a sequence of quartzite, carbonate, iron formation and basalt of probable Archean age at Lac Sakami, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/122623.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!