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Journal articles on the topic 'Iron Carbide Nanoparticle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Ziogas, Panagiotis, Athanasios B. Bourlinos, Jiri Tucek, Ondrej Malina, and Alexios P. Douvalis. "Novel Magnetic Nanohybrids: From Iron Oxide to Iron Carbide Nanoparticles Grown on Nanodiamonds." Magnetochemistry 6, no. 4 (2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6040073.

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The synthesis and characterization of a new line of magnetic hybrid nanostructured materials composed of spinel-type iron oxide to iron carbide nanoparticles grown on nanodiamond nanotemplates is reported in this study. The realization of these nanohybrid structures is achieved through thermal processing under vacuum at different annealing temperatures of a chemical precursor, in which very fine maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles seeds were developed on the surface of the nanodiamond nanotemplates. It is seen that low annealing temperatures induce the growth of the maghemite nanoparticle seeds

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2

Alahmadi, Mohammed, and Mohamed Siaj. "Graphene-Assisted Magnetic Iron Carbide Nanoparticle Growth." ACS Applied Nano Materials 1, no. 12 (2018): 7000–7005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b01794.

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3

Aftandiliants, Y. G., and К. G. Lopatko. "Iron nanoparticle influence on the structure of improved structural steel and its properties." Metaloznavstvo ta obrobka metalìv 96, no. 4 (2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mom2020.04.010.

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The results of the study of the effect of nanoparticles in the shell of iron oxide Fe2O3, which when injected into the melt and heated up to melt temperature is converted into oxide Fe3O4, on the microstructure of hardened and tempered steel 25GSL and its properties. It is shown that in modified steel martensite crystals thickness is reduced compared to the original steel in average 1.9 times after the quenching, tempered martensite crystal length after tempering hardened steel at 200oC - 3 times, the plate cementite length in troostite after tempering hardened steel at 450 оС – 1,4 times, the

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4

Zhou, Ming, Hsing-Lin Wang, and Shaojun Guo. "Towards high-efficiency nanoelectrocatalysts for oxygen reduction through engineering advanced carbon nanomaterials." Chemical Society Reviews 45, no. 5 (2016): 1273–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00414d.

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We summarize and discuss recent developments of different-dimensional advanced carbon nanomaterial-based noble-metal-free high-efficiency oxygen reduction electrocatalysts, including heteroatom-doped, transition metal-based nanoparticle-based, and especially iron carbide (Fe<sub>3</sub>C)-based carbon nanomaterial composites.

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5

Rocky, Bahrum Prang, Christopher R. Weinberger, Steven R. Daniewicz, and Gregory B. Thompson. "Carbide Nanoparticle Dispersion Techniques for Metal Powder Metallurgy." Metals 11, no. 6 (2021): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060871.

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Nanoparticles (NP) embedded into a matrix material have been shown to improve mechanical properties such as strength, hardness, and wear-resistance. However, the tendency of NPs to agglomerate in the powder mixing process is a major concern. This study investigates five different mechanochemical processing (MCP) routes to mitigate agglomeration to achieve a uniform dispersion of ZrC NPs in an Fe-based metal matrix composite. Our results suggest that MCP with only process controlling agents is ineffective in avoiding aggregation of these NPs. Instead, the uniformity of the carbide NP dispersion

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6

Hasan, Murtaza, Huma Gulzar, Ayesha Zafar, et al. "Multiplexing surface anchored functionalized iron carbide nanoparticle: A low molecular weight proteome responsive nano-tracer." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 203 (July 2021): 111746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111746.

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7

Khare, Varsha, Alexander Kraupner, Alexandre Mantion, et al. "Stable Iron Carbide Nanoparticle Dispersions in [Emim][SCN] and [Emim][N(CN)2] Ionic Liquids." Langmuir 26, no. 13 (2010): 10600–10605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la100775m.

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8

Narkiewicz, U., N. Guskos, W. Arabczyk, et al. "XRD, TEM and magnetic resonance studies of iron carbide nanoparticle agglomerates in a carbon matrix." Carbon 42, no. 5-6 (2004): 1127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2003.12.069.

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9

Chen, Xiaojun, Zhiming Su, Li Zhang, et al. "Iron Nanoparticle-Containing Silicon Carbide Fibers Prepared by Pyrolysis of Fe(CO)5-Doped Polycarbosilane Fibers." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 93, no. 1 (2010): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03369.x.

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10

Zhao, Fan, Jing Yu, Weiliang Gao, et al. "H₂O₂-independent chemodynamic therapy initiated from magnetic iron carbide nanoparticle-assisted artemisinin synergy." RSC Advances 11, no. 59 (2021): 37504–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04975e.

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Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a booming technology that utilizes Fenton reagents to kill tumor cells by transforming intracellular H2O2 into reactive oxygen species (ROS), but insufficient endogenous H2O2 makes it difficult to attain satisfactory antitumor results.

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11

Pannitz, Oliver, Felix Großwendt, Arne Lüddecke, Arno Kwade, Arne Röttger, and Jan Torsten Sehrt. "Improved Process Efficiency in Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Nanoparticle Coated Maraging Tool Steel Powder." Materials 14, no. 13 (2021): 3465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133465.

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Research and development in the field of metal-based additive manufacturing are advancing steadily every year. In order to increase the efficiency of powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam system (PBF LB/M), machine manufacturers have implemented extensive optimizations with regard to the laser systems and build volumes. However, the optimization of metallic powder materials using nanoparticle additives enables an additional improvement of the laser–material interaction. In this work, tool steel 1.2709 powder was coated with silicon carbide (SiC), few-layer graphene (FLG), and iron oxi

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12

LaGrow, Alec P., Simone Famiani, Andreas Sergides, et al. "Environmental STEM Study of the Oxidation Mechanism for Iron and Iron Carbide Nanoparticles." Materials 15, no. 4 (2022): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041557.

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The oxidation of solution-synthesized iron (Fe) and iron carbide (Fe2C) nanoparticles was studied in an environmental scanning transmission electron microscope (ESTEM) at elevated temperatures under oxygen gas. The nanoparticles studied had a native oxide shell present, that formed after synthesis, an ~3 nm iron oxide (FexOy) shell for the Fe nanoparticles and ~2 nm for the Fe2C nanoparticles, with small void areas seen in several places between the core and shell for the Fe and an ~0.8 nm space between the core and shell for the Fe2C. The iron nanoparticles oxidized asymmetrically, with voids

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13

Khurshid, Hafsa, Yassir A. Abdu, Eamonn Devlin, Bashar Afif Issa, and George C. Hadjipanayis. "Chemically synthesized nanoparticles of iron and iron-carbides." RSC Advances 10, no. 48 (2020): 28958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02996c.

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14

Zavala-Rivera, P., A. I. Argüelles-Pesqueira, J. A. Lucero-Acuña, P. Guerrero-Germán, and A. Rosas-Durazo. "Sonosynthesis of Iron Carbide@Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, S1 (2018): 1686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618008917.

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15

Kale, Sumeet S., Juan M. Asensio, Marta Estrader, et al. "Iron carbide or iron carbide/cobalt nanoparticles for magnetically-induced CO2 hydrogenation over Ni/SiRAlOx catalysts." Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 10 (2019): 2601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy00437h.

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16

Sauceda-Oloño, Perla Yazmin, Hector Cardenas-Sanchez, Anya Isabel Argüelles-Pesqueira, et al. "Micelle Encapsulation of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles of Iron Carbide@Iron Oxide in Chitosan as Possible Nanomedicine Agent." Colloids and Interfaces 4, no. 2 (2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids4020022.

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In this work, the synthesis and characterization of core/shell nanoparticles of iron carbide@iron oxide (Fe3C/γ-Fe2O3) encapsulated into micelles of sodium dodecylsulfate and oleic acid and stabilized with chitosan was developed. The materials were sonosynthesized at low intensities using standard ultrasonic baths with iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) and oleic acid as iron source and hydrophobic stabilizer, respectively; obtaining nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 19.71 nm and polydispersive index (PDI) of 0.13. The iron carbide@iron oxide nanoparticles (ICIONPs) in oleic acid were us

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17

Yu, Jing, Fan Chen, Weiliang Gao, et al. "Iron carbide nanoparticles: an innovative nanoplatform for biomedical applications." Nanoscale Horizons 2, no. 2 (2017): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nh00173d.

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18

Davydov, Valery, Alexandra Rakhmanina, Igor Kireev, et al. "Solid state synthesis of carbon-encapsulated iron carbide nanoparticles and their interaction with living cells." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 27 (2014): 4250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb21599g.

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19

Swiatkowska-Warkocka, Zaneta. "Bimetal CuFe Nanoparticles—Synthesis, Properties, and Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (2021): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11051978.

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Bimetal CuFe (copper-iron) nanoparticles, which are based on the earth-abundant and inexpensive metals, have generated a great deal of interest in recent years. The possible modification of the chemical and physical properties of these nanoparticles by changing their size, structure, and composition has contributed to the development of material science. At the same time, the strong tendency of these elements to oxidize under atmospheric conditions makes the synthesis of pure bimetallic CuFe nanoparticles still a great challenge. This review reports on different synthetic approaches to bimetal

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20

Gao, Shiyuan, Haoran Zhou, Yannan Xia, et al. "Carbon fiber-assisted iron carbide nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst via peroxymonosulfate activation for organic contaminant removal." Catalysis Science & Technology 9, no. 16 (2019): 4365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cy00756c.

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21

Lv, Cuncai, Qianpeng Yang, Qingli Huang, Zhipeng Huang, Han Xia, and Chi Zhang. "Phosphorus doped single wall carbon nanotubes loaded with nanoparticles of iron phosphide and iron carbide for efficient hydrogen evolution." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 34 (2016): 13336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta04329a.

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Phosphorus doped SWNTs loaded with nanoparticles of iron carbide and iron phosphide are synthesized cost-effectively and time-efficiently using a one-pot and one-step chemical vapor deposition method, and exhibit superb catalytic activity in the HER.

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22

Yang, Ziyu, Tianshan Zhao, Xiaoxiao Huang, et al. "Modulating the phases of iron carbide nanoparticles: from a perspective of interfering with the carbon penetration of Fe@Fe3O4 by selectively adsorbed halide ions." Chemical Science 8, no. 1 (2017): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sc01819j.

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23

Sorescu, Monica, and Mark Allwes. "Behavior of Graphite and Graphene under Mechanochemical Activation with Hematite and Magnetite Nanoparticles." MRS Advances 4, no. 3-4 (2018): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.632.

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ABSTRACTEquimolar mixtures of graphene and iron oxide nanoparticles were subjected to mechanochemical activation. The phase sequence was investigated using Mӧssbauer spectroscopy as function of ball milling time. For low milling times (2-4 hours) the series with hematite (Fe2O3) nanoparticles was fitted with 2 sextets, corresponding to hematite with carbon introduced in the lattice. At high milling times (8-12 hours) the same series exhibited an additional sextet with hyperfine parameters characteristic to iron carbides and a quadrupole-split doublet, which could be assigned to carbon clusters

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24

Libenská, Hana, Jan Hanuš, Tereza Košutová, et al. "Plasma‐based synthesis of iron carbide nanoparticles." Plasma Processes and Polymers 17, no. 11 (2020): 2000105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppap.202000105.

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25

Wan, Gang, Ming Ma, Alec (Yi) Jia, et al. "A 3D hierarchical assembly of optimized heterogeneous carbon nanosheets for highly efficient electrocatalysis." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 30 (2016): 11625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta03930h.

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A 3D assembly of crumpled nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets with reactant-accessible hierarchical frameworks and well-integrated iron carbide nanoparticles encased on the plane of subunits was constructed and demonstrated as an excellent ORR catalyst.

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26

David, B., N. Pizúrová, O. Schneeweiss, Petr Bezdička, I. Morjan, and R. Alexandrescu. "Iron/Graphite Core-Shell Structured Nanoparticles Prepared by Annealing of Nanopowder." Materials Science Forum 480-481 (March 2005): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.480-481.469.

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We present magnetic and morphological characterization of iron- and iron-carbide- based nanopowder obtained by the laser synthesis from sensitized gas phase mixture containing acetylene and iron pentacarbonyl vapors. The analysis was performed on the as-prepared material and the annealed material. The results of TEM, XRD, Mössbauer and magnetic measurements are reported. Phase transformations taking place during annealing of the nanopowder when core-shell nanoparticles appear are discussed.

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27

Sergiienko, Ruslan, Etsuro Shibata, Zentaro Akase, Hiroyuki Suwa, Daisuke Shindo, and Takashi Nakamura. "Synthesis of Fe-filled carbon nanocapsules by an electric plasma discharge in an ultrasonic cavitation field of liquid ethanol." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 10 (2006): 2524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0316.

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Nanoparticles of iron carbides (Fe3C and χ-Fe2.5C) wrapped in multilayered graphitic sheets were synthesized by a developed method in which an electric plasma was generated in an ultrasonic cavitation field containing thousands of tiny activated bubbles in liquid ethanol. Annealing changed the phase composition, structure, and size of the carbon nanocapsules as most of the iron carbides decomposed into the α-Fe phase and graphite. Powder samples annealed at 873 and 973 K have maximal saturation magnetization values equal to 80.6 and 83.4 A m2/kg, respectively, which is approximately 40% of the

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28

Xia, Hongyin, Shan Zhang, Xiaoqing Zhu, et al. "Highly efficient catalysts for oxygen reduction using well-dispersed iron carbide nanoparticles embedded in multichannel hollow nanofibers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 35 (2020): 18125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta06306a.

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Well-dispersed and highly active iron carbide nanoparticles encapsulated in multichannel hollow nanofibers (Fe<sub>3</sub>C@MHNFs) were synthesized via simple electrospinning and calcination steps, exhibiting highly efficient activity and robust durability for oxygen reduction.

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29

Jang, Sanha, Shin Wook Kang, Dong Hyun Chun, et al. "Robust iron-carbide nanoparticles supported on alumina for sustainable production of gasoline-range hydrocarbons." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 7 (2017): 2756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00437k.

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30

Hong, Seok Yong, Dong Hyun Chun, Jung-Il Yang, et al. "A new synthesis of carbon encapsulated Fe5C2 nanoparticles for high-temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis." Nanoscale 7, no. 40 (2015): 16616–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr04546k.

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A novel Fe<sub>5</sub>C<sub>2</sub>@C catalyst bearing small iron carbide particles ∼10 nm in diameter was prepared using a simple thermal treatment of iron oxalate dihydrate cubes, employed in high-temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.

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31

Harris, Daniel P., Cheng Wan, Yuqi She, Brittney R. Beck, Daniel S. Forbes, and Brian M. Leonard. "Amine-based synthesis of Fe₃C nanomaterials: mechanism and impact of synthetic conditions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 76, no. 10-12 (2021): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2021-0134.

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Abstract Iron-based catalysts are a preferred variant of metal catalysts due to the high abundance of iron on earth. Iron carbide has been investigated in recent times as an electrochemical catalyst due to its potential as a great ORR catalyst. Using a unique amine-metal complex anion composite (AMAC) method, iron carbide/nitride nanoparticles (Fe3C and Fe3−x N) were synthesized through varying several reaction parameters. While the synthesis is generally quite robust and can easily afford phase pure Fe3C, it now has been shown that the particle size, morphology, excess carbon, and amount of n

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32

Novopashin, S. A., N. A. Demin, and A. V. Zaikovskii. "Pressure Dependent Magnetization of Arc Discharge Fe–C Soot." Materials Science Forum 843 (February 2016): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.843.96.

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This Composite Fe-C anode sputtering in a low-pressure arc discharge has been used to produce Fe-containing nanoparticles on a carbon matrix. Magnetic susceptibility as a function of background pressure has been measured. The data obtained showed the complex, no-monotonous dependency. The material synthesized at optimal pressure (maximal value of magnetic susceptibility) was investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and magnetometry. Size distribution function of iron containing nanoparticles has been measured. Chemical composition includes iron, iron carbide

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33

Cha, Seunghee, Heewon Kim, Hyunkyung Choi, Chul Sung Kim та Kyoung-Su Ha. "Effects of Silica Shell Encapsulated Nanocrystals on Active χ-Fe5C2 Phase and Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis". Nanomaterials 12, № 20 (2022): 3704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12203704.

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Among various iron carbide phases, χ-Fe5C2, a highly active phase in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, was directly synthesized using a wet-chemical route, which makes a pre-activation step unnecessary. In addition, χ-Fe5C2 nanoparticles were encapsulated with mesoporous silica for protection from deactivation. Further structural analysis showed that the protective silica shell had a partially ordered mesoporous structure with a short range. According to the XRD result, the sintering of χ-Fe5C2 crystals did not seem to be significant, which was believed to be the beneficial effect of the protective s

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34

Argüelles-Pesqueira, A. I., N. M. Diéguez-Armenta, A. K. Bobadilla-Valencia, et al. "Low intensity sonosynthesis of iron carbide@iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 49 (December 2018): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.08.017.

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35

Jin, Yinjia, Jun Deng, Jing Yu, Ce Yang, Meiping Tong, and Yanglong Hou. "Fe5C2 nanoparticles: a reusable bactericidal material with photothermal effects under near-infrared irradiation." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 19 (2015): 3993–4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb00201j.

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36

Kumar, Rajeev, Harish Kumar Choudhary, Shital Patangrao Pawar, Suryasarathi Bose, and Balaram Sahoo. "Carbon encapsulated nanoscale iron/iron-carbide/graphite particles for EMI shielding and microwave absorption." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 34 (2017): 23268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp03175k.

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37

Lemraski, Ensieh Ghasemian, Zohreh Tahmasebi, Tahereh Valadbeigi, and Maryam Hajjami. "Incorporation of Iron Nanoparticles into Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles as Novel Antimicrobial Bimetallic Nanoparticles." Silicon 11, no. 2 (2018): 857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12633-018-9872-6.

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38

Fletcher, D. C., R. Hunter, W. Xia, et al. "Scalable synthesis of dispersible iron carbide (Fe3C) nanoparticles by ‘nanocasting’." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 33 (2019): 19506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06876g.

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39

Huang, Guoming, Juan Hu, Hui Zhang, Zijian Zhou, Xiaoqin Chi, and Jinhao Gao. "Highly magnetic iron carbide nanoparticles as effective T2contrast agents." Nanoscale 6, no. 2 (2014): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nr04691e.

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40

Okotrub, Alexander V., Dmitriy V. Gorodetsky, Artem V. Gusel’nikov, et al. "Distribution of Iron Nanoparticles in Arrays of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition." Materials 15, no. 19 (2022): 6639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196639.

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Arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are anisotropic nanomaterials possessing a high length-to-diameter aspect ratio, channels passing through the array, and mechanical strength along with flexibility. The arrays are produced in one step using aerosol-assisted catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD), where a mixture of carbon and metal sources is fed into the hot zone of the reactor. Metal nanoparticles catalyze the growth of CNTs and, during synthesis, are partially captured into the internal cavity of CNTs. In this work, we considered various stages of multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) growth

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41

Gavrish, V. M., T. V. Chayka, and G. A. Baranov. "Investigation of the Effect of Tungsten Carbide (WC) Nanopowder on Iron-Based Powder Structural Materials." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.455.

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Studies of a powder used as a modifier obtained from solid-alloy waste, such as tungsten carbide (drill balls), are presented. Dispersion, particle morphology and phase analysis of the powder were studied. The powder obtained from solid-alloy waste is a phase – it is tungsten carbide WC, it consists of nanoobjects of various shapes (nanoparticles, nanoplastics) up to 100 nm in size, with a slight presence of agglomerates up to 250 nm in size. The influence of tungsten carbide nanopowder as a modifier on the mechanical properties (strength and hardness) of PK70D3 iron-based powder structural st

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42

Gangwar, A., G. Singh, S. K. Shaw, et al. "Synthesis and structural characterization of CoxFe3−xC (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 8 (2019): 3536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj05240a.

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43

Alexandrescu, R., S. Cojocaru, A. Crunteanu, et al. "Preparation of iron carbide and iron nanoparticles by laser-induced gas phase pyrolysis." Le Journal de Physique IV 09, PR8 (1999): Pr8–537—Pr8–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1999867.

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44

Miyatani, R., Y. Yamada, and Y. Kobayashi. "Mössbauer study of iron carbide nanoparticles produced by sonochemical synthesis." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 303, no. 2 (2014): 1503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3507-1.

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45

Matsue, T., Y. Yamada, and Y. Kobayashi. "Iron carbide nanoparticles produced by laser ablation in organic solvent." Hyperfine Interactions 205, no. 1-3 (2011): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-011-0452-z.

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46

Dai, Linxin, Zhi Jin, Xinge Liu, Long Feng, Jianfeng Ma, and Zhe Ling. "Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses." Coatings 11, no. 11 (2021): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111397.

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How to design a simple and scalable procedure for manufacturing multifunctional carbon-based nanoparticles using lignocellulosic biomass directly is a challenging task. Based on the green chemistry concept, we developed a novel one-pot solution-phase reaction to prepare carbon-encapsulated magnetic nano-Fe3O4 particles (Fe3O4@C) with a tunable structure and composition through the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of Fe2+/Fe3+ loaded rattan holocelluloses pretreated with ionic liquids (EmimAc and AmimCl). The detailed characterization results indicated that the Fe3O4@C synthesized from the holo

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47

Xue, Juanhong, Ling Zhao, Zhiyu Dou, et al. "Nitrogen-doped 3D porous carbons with iron carbide nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic layers derived from functionalized MOF as an efficient noble-metal-free oxygen reduction electrocatalysts in both acidic and alkaline media." RSC Advances 6, no. 112 (2016): 110820–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24299e.

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48

Lara-Romero, J., G. Alonso-Núñez, S. Jiménez-Sandoval, and M. Avalos-Borja. "Growth of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Nebulized Spray Pyrolysis of a Natural Precursor: Alpha-Pinene." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 12 (2008): 6509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18416.

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Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were prepared by spray-pyrolysis of alpha-pinene, a botanical hydrocarbon, and ferrocene as catalyst at 900 °C. The MWCNT were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The microscopy studies show the formation of carbon nanotubes with diameters between 20 and 30 nm and length greater than one hundred microns. Nanoparticles were detected outside and inside the nanotubes and were identify as metallic iron and iron carbide, respectively. Raman spectroscopy reveals that the

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Luo, Ning, Xiaojie Li, Xiaohong Wang, Honghao Yan, Chengjiao Zhang, and Haitao Wang. "Synthesis and characterization of carbon-encapsulated iron/iron carbide nanoparticles by a detonation method." Carbon 48, no. 13 (2010): 3858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.06.051.

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50

Perez, Henri, Virginie Jorda, Pierre Bonville, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon/Nitrogen/Iron Based Nanoparticles by Laser Pyrolysis as Non-Noble Metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction." C 4, no. 3 (2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c4030043.

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Abstract:

This paper reports original results on the synthesis of Carbon/Nitrogen/Iron-based Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts by CO2 laser pyrolysis. Precursors consisted of two different liquid mixtures containing FeOOH nanoparticles or iron III acetylacetonate as iron precursors, being fed to the reactor as an aerosol of liquid droplets. Carbon and nitrogen were brought by pyridine or a mixture of pyridine and ethanol depending on the iron precursor involved. The use of ammonia as laser energy transfer agent also provided a potential nitrogen source. For each liquid precursor mixture,

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