Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iron-carbon equilibrium diagram / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Iron-carbon equilibrium diagram.

Journal articles on the topic 'Iron-carbon equilibrium diagram'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 27 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Iron-carbon equilibrium diagram.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Sidorov, E. V. "Equilibrium phase diagram of the iron-carbon system." Steel in Translation 38, no. 11 (2008): 889–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091208110016.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Atharv, Jayvant Chavan, and Gujar Avdhut. "Applications of the Iron-Carbon Equilibrium Diagram in Engineering and Material Science." Research and Reviews: Journal of Mechanics and Machines 6, no. 3 (2024): 38–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14229443.

Full text

Abstract:

<em>Understanding the characteristics, stages, and changes of steel and cast iron—two essential materials in engineering and industry—requires an understanding of the Iron-Carbon (Fe-C) equilibrium diagram. This research paper investigates the practical applications of the Fe-C equilibrium diagram in material science and engineering. By elucidating the phases of iron-carbon alloys, such as ferrite, austenite, cementite, and pearlite, the paper highlights their impact on mechanical properties, such as hardness, ductility, and tensile strength, which dictate suitability for various a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Radzikowska, Janina M. "A New Look at Cast Iron Microstructure." Microscopy Today 11, no. 5 (2003): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500053244.

Full text

Abstract:

Cast irons belong to a family of iron-carbon (Fe - C) alloys with free carbon in the form of graphite, a very soft constituent of iron microstructures, that improves machinability and damping properties of castings, or combined carbon, in the form of cementite, that improves wear resistance. Graphitic cast irons include grey iron, compacted iron, malleable iron, and ductile iron, Cementite irons include white cast iron and alloy cast irons. Solidification of graphite directly from molten metal takes place between 1145°C (2093 °F) and 1152 °C (2105 °F), according to the Fe-C equilibrium diagram

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Proidak, A., M. Hasyk, Yu Proidak, and O. Bezshkurenko. "Modeling of temperature-concentration ranges of phase stability and liquidus surface in the ternary Fe–P–C system and phase composition experimental study." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 6 (December 2023): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-151-6-167-176.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper reports thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria in the iron-phosphorus-carbon system for developing a technology for smelting ferrophosphorus as well as for utilizing them in the processes of phosphorus-alloying of metals. According to the results of thermodynamic calculations, we plotted a ternary Fe–P–C phase equilibrium diagram (liquidus surface) in the form of graphical dependences, which indicate the concentration fields of phase coexistence. The results of simulation allowed finding out five nonvariant points, three of which are new: E1 eutectic (teutectic=12170С), U1 pe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Zhao, Hong Lee, Ming Fang Zhu, and Doru Michael Ştefănescu. "Modeling of the Divorced Eutectic Solidification of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.324.

Full text

Abstract:

The solidification of the austenite-spheroidal graphite (SG) eutectic is one of the most complex and therefore most difficult liquid-to-solid transformations to describe through computational modeling. This is because the iron-carbon equilibrium phase diagram is an asymmetric diagram that predicts that at relatively low solidification velocities it is possible to produce primary austenite in a casting of eutectic composition. In addition, the two phases of the eutectic solidify as a divorced eutectic, with only the austenite being in contact with the eutectic liquid. The paper proposes a compu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Choi, Myung Sik, Han Gil Na, Changhyun Jin, and Kyu Hyoung Lee. "Extended Energy Conservation Law in Alloys: the Absence of Energy Non-Equilibrium." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 8 (2020): 566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.8.566.

Full text

Abstract:

Assuming that many of the materials produced in a non-equilibrium state remain unchanged, an extended space–energy conservation law was proposed based on the existing energy conservation law. In the present study, by analyzing the well developed equilibrium binary phase diagram of iron (Fe) – carbon (C), we show that energy non-equilibrium microstructures can appear as a part of the equilibrium between the space energy and the mass energy. The correlation between these two energies is objectively and logically explained via (1) one-to-one correspondences between the equilibrium and non-equilib

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

MAKROVETS, L. A. "THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AT STEEL ALLOYED WITH MANGANESE AND CHROME." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 78, no. 5 (2022): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2022-5-395-402.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to analyze the phase equilibria that are realized in the Fe–Mn–Cr–C–O system at the liquid metal existence temperatures, an extensive material on the thermodynamics of the interaction reactions of components dissolved in liquid iron has been generalized and systematized, and a database of mutually consistent data has been created. For the first time, the thermodynamic modeling of liquidus line coordinates has been performed and state diagrams for MnO–Cr2O3 and FeO–MnO–Cr2O3 systems have been plotted. The temperature for MnCr2O4 incongruent melting ( = 1812°С) and the enthalpy and entr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Mazur, Vladyslav. "The Iron-Carbon System: Genesis and Morphology of the Eutectic Involving Hyper-Cementite Carbide." Key Engineering Materials 973 (February 9, 2024): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ftv8w5.

Full text

Abstract:

A straightforward technology for the thermal cyclic processing of the Fe-C melt has been developed to induce significant super-cooling before crystallization. Eutectic crystallization of pro-eutectic alloys under substantial super-cooling is demonstrated to be a complex process, comprising several partial crystallization processes and the synchronous dissolution of crystalline phases: austenite and two metastable carbides, Fe3C and Fe7C3. The kinetics of the eutectic transformation L→L+Fe7C3 in its microscopic and thermal (DSC) imaging has been studied. In general, crystallization proceeds acc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Mao, O., Z. Altounian, J. O. Ström-Olsen, and Jun Yang. "Phase transformation in ball-milled iron-rich Sm–Fe(–C) powders." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 3 (1999): 750–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0101.

Full text

Abstract:

Two intermetallic phases, R2Fe17 carbide and R2Fe14C, which are promising candidates for permanent magnets, are formed in the iron-rich R–Fe–C ternary alloy system (R = rare earths). Using x-ray diffraction and thermomagnetometry the phase formation, transformation, and thermodynamic relations between the two structures, prepared by high energy ball milling, are studied quantitatively for R = Sm. The results lead to a free energy diagram for the pseudobinary system of Sm2Fe17 and C. A maximum equilibrium carbon content, xc, has been established for the carbide Sm2Fe17Cx and its temperature dep

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kruk, Aleksei N., Alexander G. Sokol, Yurii V. Seryotkin, and Yuri N. Palyanov. "Phase Relations in the FeO-Fe3C-Fe3N System at 7.8 GPa and 1350 °C: Implications for Oxidation of Native Iron at 250 km." Minerals 10, no. 11 (2020): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110984.

Full text

Abstract:

Oxidation of native iron in the mantle at a depth about 250 km and its influence on the stability of main carbon and nitrogen hosts have been reconstructed from the isothermal section of the ternary phase diagram for the FeO-Fe3C-Fe3N system. The results of experiments at 7.8 GPa and 1350 °C show that oxygen increase in the system to > 0.5 wt % provides the stability of FeO and leads to changes in the phase diagram: the Fe3C, L, and Fe3N single-phase fields change to two-phase ones, while the Fe3C + L and Fe3N + L two-phase fields become three-phase. Сarbon in iron carbide (Fe3C, space grou

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Tsymbal, V. P., I. A. Rybenko, P. A. Sechenov, V. I. Kozhemyachenko, S. N. Kalashnikov, and L. A. Ermakova. "Theoretical matters of self-organization and their practical implementation in jet-emulsion metallurgical process. Part 1. Basic principles and design features of jet-emulsion facility." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 2 (2021): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-2-151-158.

Full text

Abstract:

At present in the world steel industry a certain number of processes of iron direct reduction created, including liquidphase ones, which make it possible to obtain metal iron directly from ore bypassing blast furnace. However, no one of them enables principally to obtain an iron-carbon alloy with carbon content lower 2%. A jet-emulsion metallurgical process elaborated, differing by low energy consumption, small specific volume of the facility and possibility of metal direct producing with a wide range of carbon content. Application of principles of self-organization theory and of several physi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Lobley, Graham R., and Waleed L. Al-Otaibi. "Diagnosing Boiler Tube Failures Related to Overheating." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.175.

Full text

Abstract:

Unexpected tube failure is the major factor causing unreliability in utility boilers. The first step in analyzing tube failures is to identify the active damage mechanisms. Three tube damage mechanisms related to overheating are presented and possible root causes are discussed to resolve these tube failures. Damage mechanisms can be recognized by metallurgical evaluation, comprising a combination of both visual and microexamination, complemented by chemical analyses of tube or fireside deposits, as appropriate. Characterizing the degree of microstructural degradation can also help to confirm a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Ramin, Ismetbey oglu Kerimov. "IMPROVING STEEL MELTING INTENSITY IN THE PROCESS OF ELECTROSMELTING FROM WASTE AND PELLETS (HBI)." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 1 (99) (2019): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.168352.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper addresses the issue on improving the intensity of melting in the production of steels using hot briquetted iron (HBI) in the charge that mostly consists of metal waste. An analysis has been performed into the features of melting that uses charge of complex composition. To ensure the boiling of metal bath, it is recommended to introduce to the bath carbon-containing raw materials in the form of steel waste in the amount exceeding 80 %. It was established that applying HBI almost does not reduce the yield of usable metal due to a high content of metal waste that makes up the charg

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Makrovets, L. A., O. V. Samoilova, G. G. Mikhailov, and I. V. Bakin. "Thermodynamic analysis of strontium deoxidizing ability in liquid iron at presence of aluminum." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 10 (2021): 768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-10-768-777.

Full text

Abstract:

Phase diagram of the ternary oxide system FeO - SrO -Al2O3 was constructed for the first time. In this system, the following compounds can be formed: hercynite FeAl2O4 and five strontium aluminates - Sr4Al2O7 , Sr3Al2O6 , SrAl2O4 , SrAl4O7 , SrAl12O19 . According to the calculations performed, solid solutions of oxides are not formed in the system, as it is confirmed by the literature data. In the course of modeling, the optimal energy parameters of the theory of subregular ionic solutions were selected for the components of the oxide melt (FeO, SrO, Al2O3 ). Thermodynamic analysis of strontiu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

SAMOILOVA, O. V., L. A. MAKROVETS, and G. G. MIKHAILOV. "THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA DURING DEOXIDATION OF THE LOW AND MEDIUM CARBON STEELS BY SILICOMANGANESE." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 78, no. 1 (2022): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2022-1-39-45.

Full text

Abstract:

To create digital twins of steelmaking production, it is necessary to develop programs for calculating all stages of smelting and secondary treatment of steel and alloys, including the process of deoxidation. The aim of this work was to construct a phase stability diagram in the form of a surface of solubility of components in a metal (SSCM) of the Fe–Si–Mn–O–C system for carbon concentrations [C] = 0; 0.1; 0.4 wt. % and a temperature of 1600 °C. SSCM will make it possible to establish the stability boundaries of non-metallic inclusions (NI) formed during deoxidation and the degree of deoxidat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kanyonga, Zoza C., Ngoie H. Ilunga, Umba D. Mukalayi, et al. "Contribution to the Study of the Chemical and Microstructural Quality of Reinforcing Bars in DR. Congo "Case of the City of Lubumbashi"." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 07, no. 10 (2024): 7928–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13968864.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract : This research highlights the contribution to the study of the microstructural quality of reinforcing bars on the Lubumbashi market including bars imported from South Africa (FA), Zambia (FZ) and those produced locally ( FC) by the only steel industry, in the former province of Katanga, the iron processing company SOTRAFER, in acronym. The samples of the locally produced reinforcement bars (FC) were collected at SOTRAFER at the end of production, while the samples of the FA and FZ reinforcement bars were taken randomly on the Lushois market in a hardware store specializing in sales t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Davydov, S. V. "Phase Equilibria in the Carbide Region of Iron–Carbon Phase Diagram." Steel in Translation 50, no. 12 (2020): 888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091220120025.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Adilov, G., N. T. Kareva, and V. E. Roshchin. "Influence of copper and silicon on phase transformations in the iron – carbon system." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 67, no. 1 (2024): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2024-1-73-75.

Full text

Abstract:

To evaluate the phase and structural components of grinding media made of cast iron with a high content of copper and silicon obtained by extracting iron from copper-smelting slags, phase equilibria in the iron – carbon system were calculated with the addition of copper and silicon in various concentrations. The calculation was carried out using the ThermoCalc software package with construction of phase diagrams by the Calphad method. At the same time, temperatures of the beginning of phase transformations were estimated taking into account the presence of all thermodynamically possible phases

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Karpenko, O. S., V. V. Lobanov, and M. T. Kartel. "Stability of single-atom iron complexes on graphene double vacancy." Surface 15(30) (December 30, 2023): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2023.15.003.

Full text

Abstract:

The equilibrium and spatial structure of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon C96H24, chosen as a model of the graphene plane, as well as the systems obtained from it by removing the diatomic molecule C2 (C94H24) and then replacing four carbon atoms with four nitrogen atoms (C90N4H24) have been studied by the DFT method (B3LYP) in the 6-31G** basis using Grimme corrections to account for dispersion interactions. In the same approximation, the energetics of the formation of a complex of an iron atom in zero oxidation degree (Fe0) with C90N4H24 ([C90N4H24Fe]0) in the square planar field of the li

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Charpentier, Joseph, Guy Martin, Hervé Wacheux, and Pierre Gilles. "ORP regulation and activated sludge: 15 years of experience." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 3 (1998): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0207.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to complete and support the industrial application of ORP regulation for Activated Sludge, initiated by the first installation at Yffiniac in 1983, the thermodynamic approach to oxidation-reduction equilibria has been examined using the Pourbaix atlas of electro-chemical equilibria. A “biological window” has been defined in the pH-EH diagram for pure water, including the EH = f (pH) lines for redox pairs relating to the main elements involved in biological treatment (C, N, P, S). The theoretical values have been compared with those observed in various plants chosen for the variety of

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Peretyazhko, Igor S., and Elena A. Savina. "Formation Conditions of Unusual Extremely Reduced High-Temperature Mineral Assemblages in Rocks of Combustion Metamorphic Complexes." Crystals 14, no. 12 (2024): 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14121052.

Full text

Abstract:

New data, including Raman spectroscopy, characterize unusual mineral assemblages from rocks of the Naylga and Khamaryn–Khyral–Khiid combustion metamorphic complexes in Mongolia. Several samples of melilite–nepheline paralava and other thermally altered (metamorphosed) sedimentary rocks contain troilite (FeS), metallic iron Fe0, kamacite α-(Fe,Ni) or Ni-bearing Fe0, taenite γ-(Fe,Ni) or Ni-rich Fe0, barringerite or allabogdanite Fe2P, schreibersite Fe3P, steadite Fe4P = eutectic α-Fe + Fe3P, wüstite FeO, and cohenite Fe3C. The paralava matrix includes a fragment composed of magnesiowüstite–ferr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

MAKROVETS, L. A., I. V. BAKIN, and G. G. MIKHAILOV. "PHASE FORMATION DURING STEEL REFINING BY ALLOYS WITH ALKALINE EARTH ELEMENTS (Ba, Mg, Sr)." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 78, no. 9 (2022): 762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2022-9-762-770.

Full text

Abstract:

Important factors affecting the quality of steel are both the level of metal contamination with non-metallic inclusions and the properties of these inclusions. Hard-to-remove magnesium-containing compounds have a pronounced negative effect on the performance of metal products. This type of inclusions is distinguished by a high melting point, a characteristic acute-angled shape, and a significant difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion from the matrix material. Despite the fact that the magnesium-containing modifiers are practically not used for out-of-furnace processing of steel and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Davydov, S. V. "Peritectoid carbide transformation based on ε-carbide Fe2C in Fe-C-system alloys. Part 1. Basics of theory". Chernye Metally, 30 листопада 2020, 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17580/chm.2020.11.02.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present work low-temperature carbide phase transformations in the system of Fe-C alloys based on ε-сarbide Fe2C with consideration of identification of θ-Fe3C cement as a solid solution were studied. It has been proved that the θ-Fe3C cement slurry is colourfastonide, and the ε-Fe2C carbide slurry is bertollide. When tempering hardened steels, ε-сarbide Fe2C is emitted in the structure of hardened martensite, which is absent in the phase diagram of iron-carbon system alloys. It is believed that ε-сarbide Fe2C is not a stable phase, and since it is metastable, it is formed only in quench

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Zoza C., Kanyonga, Ilunga Ngoie H., Mukalayi Umba D., et al. "Contribution to the Study of the Chemical and Microstructural Quality of Reinforcing Bars in DR. Congo “Case of the City of Lubumbashi”." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 07, no. 10 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v7-i10-52.

Full text

Abstract:

This research highlights the contribution to the study of the microstructural quality of reinforcing bars on the Lubumbashi market including bars imported from South Africa (FA), Zambia (FZ) and those produced locally ( FC) by the only steel industry, in the former province of Katanga, the iron processing company SOTRAFER, in acronym. The samples of the locally produced reinforcement bars (FC) were collected at SOTRAFER at the end of production, while the samples of the FA and FZ reinforcement bars were taken randomly on the Lushois market in a hardware store specializing in sales to avoid err

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Davydov, S. V. "Phase equilibriums in the carbide area of the «iron-carbon» diagram. Part 2. Complete diagram of the iron - ε-Fe2C carbide system". Chernye Metally, 30 листопада 2021, 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17580/chm.2021.11.03.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Davydov, S. V. "Phase equilibriums in the carbide area of the «iron-carbon» diagram. Part 1. Physico-chemical identification of carbide phases." Chernye Metally, September 30, 2021, 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17580/chm.2021.09.09.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Zhumaev, A. A., Yu N. Mansurov, D. D. Mamatkulov, and K. S. Abdullaev. "Phase transformations in iron-carbon alloys doped with rare earth and transition metals." Chernye Metally, November 30, 2020, 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17580/chm.2020.11.03.

Full text

Abstract:

Iron-based alloys began to be used so long ago that today they are classified as classical materials, since these alloys have been studied in depth. The production of various products from steel and cast iron naturally takes the first place in terms of volume, since they have a valuable set of properties: a wide range of plasticity and strength, unique technological properties, which makes it possible to apply all technological operations to them - from simple casting into earth to complex pressure treatment processes. This combination of properties provides, first of all, the composition of i

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!