Journal articles: 'Iron cast'

1

Zhiguts, Y., and B. Hom'ak. "WEARFIRMNESS THERMITE CAST IRON." International scientific journal «Education and Science», no. 24(1) (2018): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31339/2617-0833-2018-24(1)-22-26.

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Kiss, Imre. "Cast iron rolls." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180516131304.

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The manufacturing process of the rolling rolls, as well as the quality of materials used in casting them, can have an important influence upon the quality and the safety of the exploitation. Our approaches to the issue of quality assurance of the rolling rolls, from the viewpoint of the quality of materials that are featured, can cause duration and safety in the rolling exploitation. This research is required because of the numerous flaws that cause rejection, since the phase of melting of these irons is intended to cast rolls. According to the industrial analysis in the cast iron rolls foundries, the results show that one of the main rejection categories is due to the inadequate hardness of the rolls. One of the parameters that will determine the cast iron’s structure is the chemical composition, and this factor could assure the exploitation properties of each roll in all the stands of rolling mill. In this sense, the paper presents an overview of industrial and laboratory research regarding the assurance of the chemical composition of the irons (with nodular graphite) destined for the half–hard rolls casting, and tries to draw some remarks upon the proper correlations of these irons. This study analyses iron rolls cast in combined moulds (iron chill, for the barrel and moulding sand, for the necks of rolls) and includes charges of rolls from half–hard classes, with definite structure and nodular graphite, obtained in simplex cast processes. It presents, in graphical form, the influence of the chemical composition of these irons on the hardness, measured on the barrel. The proper solution is determined through some mathematical restrictions to the input data that the mathematical modelling is initiated with. It will be determined through regression equations, which describe the mathematical dependency between the hardness and the elements of chemical composition – the basic elements (Carbon [C], Manganese [Mn] and Silicon [Si]), the particulate elements (Sulphur [S], Phosphorus [P] and Magnesium [Mg]) and the main alloying elements (Nickel [Ni], Molybdenum [Mo] and Chrome [Cr]). The main results and the graphical addenda are presented.

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Radzikowska, Janina M. "A New Look at Cast Iron Microstructure." Microscopy Today 11, no. 5 (October 2003): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500053244.

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Cast irons belong to a family of iron-carbon (Fe - C) alloys with free carbon in the form of graphite, a very soft constituent of iron microstructures, that improves machinability and damping properties of castings, or combined carbon, in the form of cementite, that improves wear resistance. Graphitic cast irons include grey iron, compacted iron, malleable iron, and ductile iron, Cementite irons include white cast iron and alloy cast irons. Solidification of graphite directly from molten metal takes place between 1145°C (2093 °F) and 1152 °C (2105 °F), according to the Fe-C equilibrium diagram. The above considerations regard only pure Fe - C alloys.

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4

Williams, Derek J. G. "Cast Iron." Prairie Schooner 89, no. 1 (2015): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2015.0093.

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Agarwrwal, Dhirendra, Neeraj Kumar, and A. K. Bansal. "Development of Low Cost Corrosion Resistant Fe-Cr-Mn-Mo White Cast Irons." Material Science Research India 14, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/140215.

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Cast irons are basically binary alloys of iron and carbon having carbon exceeding its maximum solid solubility in austenite but less than the carbon content of iron carbide. However, like steels, cast irons have varying quantities of silicon, manganese, phosphorus and sulphur. Silicon plays an important role in controlling the properties of cast irons and for this reason, the term cast iron is usually applied to a series of iron, carbon and silicon alloys. Special purpose cast irons include white and alloy cast irons which are mainly used for applications demanding enhanced abrasion, corrosion or heat resistance. In present study, corrosion resistant cast irons are of our interest.

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Jin, Zhanming, Yanfei Liang, Yuansheng Jin, Kaihe Ju, Shijian Wang, and Zhao Wang. "Sliding wear of cast-iron coatings and cast-iron-cast-iron pairs in lubricated contact." Wear 152, no. 2 (January 1992): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(92)90124-q.

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7

Жижкина, Наталья, Natalya Zhizhkina, Сергей Ипатов, and Sergey Ipatov. "The Study of Qualities’ Specialties of Cast Iron’s with Different Composition." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2015, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22738.

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The paper has been devoted to study of white, chilled and gray cast iron. It has been showed that white cast irons’ ingots are characterized by high level of properties. What is why such materials are used at high temperature and wear condition. Carbides’ and granites existence in the structure increase properties of chilled cast iron. Such cast irons are used for details of metallurgical and other branches of industry. Flake graphite in structure of cast iron decreases level of analyzed properties. But ingots of such cast iron showed high values of tensile strength on compression.

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Stawarz, M., W. Kajzer, A. Kajzer, and M. Dojka. "Physicochemical Properties of Silicon Cast Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0059.

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Abstract The article presents results of pitting corrosion studies of selected silicon cast irons. The range of studies included low, medium and high silicon cast iron. The amount of alloying addition (Si) in examined cast irons was between 5 to 25 %. Experimental melts of silicon cast irons [1-3] were conducted in Department of Foundry of Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice and pitting corrosion resistance tests were performed in Faculty of Biomedical Engineering in Department of Biomaterials and Medical Devices Engineering of Silesian University of Technology in Zabrze. In tests of corrosion resistance the potentiostat VoltaLab PGP201 was used. Results obtained in those research complement the knowledge about the corrosion resistance of iron alloys with carbon containing Si alloying addition above 17 % [4-6]. Obtained results were supplemented with metallographic examinations using scanning electron microscopy. The analysis of chemical composition for cast irons using Leco spectrometer was done and the content of alloying element (silicon) was also determined using the gravimetric method in the laboratory of the Institute of Welding in Gliwice. The compounds of microstructure were identify by X-ray diffraction.

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9

Perkins, Sid. "Cast-Iron Foot." Science News 164, no. 19 (November 8, 2003): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4018819.

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10

Hawker, Andrew. "Cast iron promises." Journal of Innovation in Health Informatics 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/jhi.v15i3.651.

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11

McFee, Michael. "Cast-Iron Ghazal." Southern Cultures 21, no. 1 (2015): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scu.2015.0009.

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12

Buckland, Jenny. "Cast-iron alibi." Nature Reviews Immunology 3, no. 6 (June 2003): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1113.

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13

Wheeler, Erastus C. "MALLEABLE CAST IRON." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 11, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1899.tb02456.x.

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14

Hansson, C. M. "Cast iron technology." Materials Science and Engineering: A 114 (July 1989): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(89)90868-x.

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15

Lupinca, Cinca Ionel, Marian Dumitru Nedeloni, and Dorian Nedelcu. "Gray Cast Iron Behavior in Cavitation Erosion." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.269.

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The paper presents the cavitation stand used, the work methodology, the trials realized on specimens of gray cast irons, with flake graphite and spheroidal-graphite, which were tested for cavitation erosion during different periods of time of the cavitation attack. Finally, the conclusions were interpreted on the basis of comparative graphics realized at the macro and microstructures level obtained for these two types of cast iron. Of the two types of gray cast iron, the nodular cast iron presents a better cavitation erosion resistance.

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16

Xiao, Li Li, Feng Zhang Ren, Meng Qi Liu, Yu Fei Wang, Na Wen Zhang, and Rui Wu. "Influence of Alloying on the Uniformity of Strength and Structure of Gray Iron." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3348.

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Two gray cast irons with equal tensile strength were prepared to investigate the influence of alloying on the machinability of gray iron. After 75SiFe modifying treatment, they were alloyed by the mixture additive containing RE, Cr, Mn, Si and Fe with a certain proportion and pure copper, respectively. The hardness, section sensitivity, structuralhomogenity and machinability were tested in this experiment. The results show that both of the gray irons have the same brinell hardness and the micro-hardness. The section sensitivity of the gray iron alloyed by the mixture additive is smaller than the gray iron alloyed by copper. The main cutting force of the cast iron alloyed by the mixture additive is lower than that of the cast iron alloyed by copper, therefore, the gray cast iron alloyed by the mixture additive has a better machinability than the cast iron alloyed by copper.

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17

Liu, T., Song Zhang, and Jiang Feng Li. "Analysis of Element Diffusion between Alloy Cast Iron and WC/Co Cemented Carbides." Materials Science Forum 874 (October 2016): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.874.339.

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An alloy cast iron has special properties by adding some alloying elements to the ordinary cast iron ASTMNo35A. Diffusion wear is one of the main cutting tool wear mechanisms in machining of the alloy cast irons. The diffusion of tungsten (W) and iron (Fe) between the alloy cast iron and the WC/Co cemented carbides was investigated in this paper by means of heating diffusion couple. It has be proved from the experiment that Fe in the alloy cast iron diffused a deeper distance in the WC/Co cemented carbides with the higher Co content; while the diffusion of W element in the WC/Co cemented carbides the alloy cast iron was not serious. The Vickers-hardness analysis of the alloy cast iron and K20 cemented carbide couple was determined. The elements diffusion impaired the hardness of the alloy cast iron and WC/Co cemented carbide cutting tool.

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18

Maki, Seijiro, Kazuhito Suzuki, and Kenichiro Mori. "Semisolid Forging of Cast Iron Using Rapid Resistance Heating." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.925.

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Feasibility of semisolid forging of cast iron using rapid resistance heating was experimentally investigated. Gray pig iron FC250 and spheroidal graphite cast iron FCD600, whose carbon equivalents are both 4.3% in mass, were used for the experiments. Since these cast irons have a narrow semisolid temperature range, an AC power supply with an input electric energy control function was used. In this study, the resistance heating characteristics of the cast irons were firstly examined, and then their semisolid forging experiments were conducted. In the forging experiments, the conditions of the forgings such as microstructures and hardness properties were examined, and the feasibility of the semisolid forging of cast iron using resistance heating was discussed. As a result, it was found that the method presented here is highly feasible.

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19

Kante, Stefan, and Andreas Leineweber. "The iron silicocarbide in cast irons revisited." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 815 (January 2020): 152468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152468.

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20

Takezawa, Makoto, Seung Won Lee, Susumu Ikeno, and Kenji Matsuda. "Microstructure Observations of Graphite in Gray Cast Iron Using TEM." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1911–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1911.

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Cast iron is an iron alloy mainly composed of carbon and silicon, the amount of carbon is more than 2.1 mass%. Cast irons, gray cast iron and ductile cast iron, have been used as industrial parts and automobile parts widely because they have a good wear resistance and an excellent machinability. Graphite formation mechanism have been proposed, but, it is not established clearly yet. In this study, the microstructure of flake graphite was investigated to reveal the graphite formation mechanisms using FC250 alloy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples were prepared using focused ion beam (FIB). In the case of a cross section of flake graphite taken perpendicular to its elongated direction using TEM, internal microstructure of flake graphite was observed layered structure. In the case of a cross section of flake graphite taken parallel to its elongated direction, clear microstructure was not observed. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) from flake graphite showed <0001> direction of graphite are mostly parallel to their thickness.

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21

Çelik, G. Aktaş, Fulya Kahrıman, Ş. Hakan Atapek, and Şeyda Polat. "Characterization of the high temperature oxidation behavior of iron based alloys used as exhaust manifolds." MATEC Web of Conferences 188 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818802001.

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Nowadays engine capacities of vehicles spread in a wide range due to different vehicle power demands. Power density of engines affects exhaust gas and therefore exhaust gas temperature varies from 650 °C to 1000 °C in exhaust manifolds. Depending on the exhaust gas temperature, different types of iron based alloys are used as manifold materials such as ferritic ductile cast irons (GGG40, SiMo), austenitic ductile cast irons (Ni-resist D5S), ferritic cast stainless steels (ACIHK30, AISI 409) and austenitic cast stainless steels (CF8C). In this study high temperature oxidation behavior of different cast alloys used as exhaust manifold materials like, (i) GGG40 ferritic ductile cast iron, (ii) SiMo ferritic ductile cast iron (iii) AISI 409 ferritic cast stainless steel and (iv) CF8C austenitic cast stainless steel, were investigated.

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22

Masoud I. M., Masoud I. M., Al-Jarrah J. A. Al-Jarrah J. A, and Abu Mansour T. Abu Mansour T. "Manufacturing of Gray Cast Iron Automotive Disc Brake." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 3 (October 1, 2011): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2014/37.

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23

Skrbek, B., and K. Policar. "Structure Distribution in Precise Cast Iron Moulded on Meltable Model." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0082.

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Abstract Topic of this work is to compare metalurgy of cast irons poured into sand moulds and into shell molds at IEG Jihlava company and from it following differencies in structures of thin- and thick-walled castings. This work is dealing with investigation and experimental measurement on surfaces and sections suitable thin- and thick-walled investment castings at IEG Jihlava. Cast irons with flake graphite (grey cast iron) and cast irons with spheroidal graphite (ductile cast iron). Both mechanical and physical properties are determined using calculations from as measured values of wall thicknesses L and Lu, Vickers hardness and remanent magnetism. Measurement results are discussed, findings are formulated and methods for castings metallurgical quality improvement are recommended finally.

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Vaško, Alan, Viera Zatkalíková, and Václav Kaňa. "Corrosion Resistance of SiMo- and SiCu-Types of Nodular Cast Iron in NaCl Solution." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2020-0023.

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AbstractNodular cast irons are used in a wide range of industrial applications, especially in the automotive industry. SiMo-type of nodular cast iron is suitable for high-temperature applications, for example the exhaust manifolds of the combustion engines; SiCu-type of nodular cast iron is used in various components of tribotechnical units. These automotive components often work in a corrosive environment. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to compare the corrosion resistance of two types of the nodular cast irons (SiMo-type and SiCu-type). Corrosion resistance was determined by the exposure immersion test at ambient temperature. Specimens of both types of nodular cast iron were immersed in 3.5 % NaCl solution (to simulate sea water) and gradually removed from the solution after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Subsequently, the weight loss (g) and the average corrosion rate (g m−2 day−1) were calculated. Experimental results show that nodular cast iron alloyed by Si and Mo has higher corrosion resistance than the nodular cast iron alloyed with Si and Cu. Moreover, the mechanical properties (evaluated by tensile test, impact bending test and hardness test) and fatigue properties of both types of nodular cast iron has been compared in the paper.

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Nofal, Adel. "An Overview on Cast Iron Research at CMRDI." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.3.

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This report is an overview on the cast iron research carried out at the Foundry Department of the Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI) over the past three decades. CMRDI is an national industrial research institute, whose main objective is to serve the metallurgical industries in Egypt. This overview shows selected examples of the cast iron research programs covering fundamental research, optimizing melting techniques, developing cast iron alloys for special applications, investigating novel processing techniques of cast iron rather than sand casting, e.g. continuous casting, hot and cold rolling of ductile and austempered ductile irons as well as ausforming of ADI. The influence of elastic vibrations of mechanical and ultrasonic frequencies on the inoculation and structure formation of ductile as well as white high-Cr irons has been the subject of intensive research. The review illustrates that over 30 years, the foundry group at CMRDI has been striving to keep some sort of balance between fundamental and applied research, with the results of the latter being oriented towards developing the local foundry industry.

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Mohebbi, H., and C. Q. Li. "Experimental Investigation on Corrosion of Cast Iron Pipes." International Journal of Corrosion 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/506501.

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It is well known that corrosion is the predominant mechanism for the deterioration of cast iron pipes, leading to the reduction of pipe capacity and ultimate collapse of the pipes. In order to assess the remaining service life of corroded cast iron pipes, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms of corrosion over a long term and to develop models for pipe deterioration. Although many studies have been carried out to determine the corrosion behavior of cast iron, little research has been undertaken to understand how cast iron pipes behave over a longer time scale than hours, days, or weeks. The present paper intends to fill the gap regarding the long-term corrosion behaviour of cast iron pipes in the absence of historical data. In this paper, a comprehensive experimental program is presented in which the corrosion behaviour of three exservice pipes was thoroughly examined in three simulated service environments. It has been found in the paper that localised corrosion is the primary form of corrosion of cast iron water pipes. It has also been found that the microstructure of cast irons is a key factor that affects the corrosion behaviour of cast iron pipes. The paper concludes that long-term tests on corrosion behaviour of cast iron pipes can help develop models for corrosion-induced deterioration of the pipes for use in predicting the remaining service life of the pipes.

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Vaško, Alan, and Marek Krynke. "Fatigue Properties Of Nodular Cast Irons Alloyed By Si, Mo And Cu." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0094.

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AbstractIn recent years, the research of nodular cast iron has been focused on increasing fatigue resistence. In the paper, two types of alloyed nodular cast irons have been investigated – SiMo-nodular cast iron alloyed by 4% of silicon and 1% of molybdenum and SiCu-nodular cast iron alloyed by 4% of silicon and 1.5% of copper. SiMo-nodular cast iron is suitable for high-temperature applications, for example the exhaust manifolds of the combustion engines. SiCu-nodular cast iron is used in various components of tribotechnical units. These components are often loaded by fatigue. The mechanical and fatigue behaviour of both nodular cast iron types has been studied by means of tensile test, impact bending test, hardness test and fatigue tests. Fatigue tests were realised at low frequency cyclic push-pull loading up to 10 million cycles. The relationship between the amplitude of stress and number of cycles to failure was investigated and the fatigue strength was determined. Mechanical and fatigue properties of both nodular cast iron types are correlated with the microstructure of specimens.

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Miyata, Yoshikazu, Yuki Kuwahara, Shukuji Asakura, Tadashi Shinohara, Takao Yakou, and Keiichi Shiimoto. "Anodic Dissolution of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron with Different Pearlite Areas in Sulfuric Acid Solutions." International Journal of Corrosion 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/741378.

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The rate equation of anodic dissolution reaction of spheroidal graphite cast iron in sulfuric acid solutions at 298 K has been studied. The cast irons have different areas of pearlite. The anodic Tafel slope of 0.043 V decade−1and the reaction order with respect to the hydroxyl ion activity of 1 are obtained by the linear potential sweep technique. The anodic current density does not depend on the area of pearlite. There is no difference in the anodic dissolution reaction mechanisms between pure iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron. The anodic current density of the cast iron is higher than that of the pure iron.

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Mostafavi Kashani, S. M., and S. M. A. Boutorabi. "As-cast acicular ductile aluminum cast iron." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 16, no. 6 (June 2009): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(10)60022-2.

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Yen, Chien Lung, Fu Je Chen, and Yung Ning Pan. "Research on the Wear Resistance of High-Chromium White Cast Iron and Multi-Component White Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 859 (December 2013): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.64.

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The pin-on-disk wear test and solid particle erosion test were used to investigate the wear resistance property of both high chromium white cast iron and multi-component white cast iron with optimal alloy compositions and heat treatment conditions. Experimental results indicate that a linear relationship between the wear lose and the testing time exists for high chromium white cast irons. Apparent scratch grooves and sheared pits appeared on the specimen surface. Subsurface observations found pit depths of some 4.5~8.0 mm. Crack propagation routes were clearly visible along the martensitic grain boundaries for alloys in the as-quenched state. Tempering treatment increases the toughness of the alloy, resulting in an increase in the resistance to crack formation. On the other hand, the multi-component white cast irons exhibited a non-linear relationship between the wear lose and the testing time. Relatively shallow scratches were found on the specimen surface, and pit depths of about 4.0 mm were observed through subsurface observations. Tempering at 570°C caused a reduction in hardness of the alloy, and therefore, the fracture mode tends to be ductile. As a result, deformation only occurred in crater regions with no clear evidence of spreading.

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Guesser, Wilson Luiz, Luis Carlos Guedes, Ailton L. Müller, Vagner B. Demetrio, and Alexsandro Rabelo. "A Fatigue and Fracture Study on High Strength Cast Irons." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.296.

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Fatigue strength and fracture of high strength cast irons, gray iron grade 300 and CGI grade 450, used for producing lightweight cylinder blocks, were studied. The results show endurance ratios of 0.27-0.28 and 0.38 for gray irons and CGI, respectively. The fracture surfaces in cast irons in general show the predominance of graphite and graphite/matrix interface; however, in CGI there is a larger proportion of fractured pearlitic matrix than in gray iron. This fact, and the differences in the morphology of the graphite/matrix interface, flat in gray iron, rough in CGI, explain the higher results of fatigue strength in CGI compared to gray iron. The results of fatigue strength are compared with the literature and with previous works.

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Sato, Eiji. "Graphitization of Cast Iron." CORROSION ENGINEERING 37, no. 3 (1988): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1974.37.3_171.

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Backhaus, Richard. "Aluminium or cast iron?" MTZ worldwide 74, no. 6 (April 29, 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-013-0056-x.

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Shchepochkina, Yu A. "Enamel for cast iron." Glass and Ceramics 52, no. 4 (April 1995): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00678704.

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Stefanescu, Doru M. "The Meritocratic Ascendance of Cast Iron: from Magic to Virtual Cast Iron." International Journal of Metalcasting 13, no. 4 (June 5, 2019): 726–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40962-019-00347-8.

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Pokusová, M., A. Brúsilová, Ľ. Šooš, and I. Berta. "Abrasion Wear Behavior of High-chromium Cast Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0028.

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Abstract High-chromium cast irons are used as abrasion resistant materials. Their wear resistance depends on quantity of carbides and the matrix supporting these carbides. The paper presents the results of cast irons of chemical composition (in wt. %) 19–22 Cr and 2–4.5 C alloyed by 1.7 Mo + 5 Ni + 2 Mn to improve their toughness, which were tested in working conditions of ferroalloys crushing. Tests showed that these as-cast chromium cast irons with mostly austenitic matrix achieved the hardness of 38-45 HRC, but their relative abrasion resistance Ψ ranged from 1.3 to 4.6, was higher comparing to the tool made from the X210Cr12 steel heat treated on hardness 61 HRC. The transformation of austenite into martensite occurs not only at the worn strained areas (on a surface of scratch) but also in their neighbourhood. Due to the work hardening of relatively large volumes of transformed austenite the cast iron possesses high abrasion resistance also on the surfaces where low pressures are acting. The tough abrasion-resistant cast iron well proved for production of dynamic and wear stressed castings e.g., crusher hammers, cutting tools for ceramic etc.

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groft, tammis kane. "Cast with Style: Nineteenth-Century Cast-Iron Stoves." Gastronomica 5, no. 1 (2005): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2005.5.1.19.

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Cast With Style: Nineteenth-Century Cast-Iron Stoves During the nineteenth century Albany and Troy, New York manufacturers were considered to be among the largest producers of cast-iron stoves in the world. Stoves made in these two upstate New York cities were renowned for their fine-quality castings and innovations in technology and design. The strategic location of Albany and Troy, located nine miles apart on opposite banks of the Hudson River, afforded easy and inexpensive transportation of raw materials to the foundries, and finished stoves to worldwide markets. Cast-iron stove making reached its highest artistic achievement and technological advancements between 1840 and 1870. Flask casting and the advent of the cupola furnace permitted more elaborate designs and finer-quality castings. Stove designers borrowed freely from architectural and cabinet-makers design books, a process that resulted in the use of Greek, Roman, Egyptian and Rococo revival motifs; patriotic symbols, and lavish floral designs, all reflecting current taste and sentiment Stove types produced included Franklin, box, dumb, base-burner, parlor, cook stoves and ranges and parlor cook stoves. However, the stoves that attracted the most attention and helped to secure the reputation of Albany and Troy, as innovators in technological and decorative designs were the column parlor stoves produced during the 1830s and 1840s. These stoves were a focal point for a Victorian parlor because the overall designs incorporated current tastes in architecture, furniture and other decorative arts. The decline of the stove industry in Albany and Troy began slowly after the Civil War, when companies went back into full production and glutted the market. Also, new deposits of iron ore were discovered in the Great Lakes region, and entrepreneurs were quick to see the potential of large western markets and began building foundries in Chicago and Detroit. As the century closed, the demands for iron were shifting toward steel.

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Riposan, Iulian, Mihai Chisamera, Stelian Stan, and P. Toboc. "Inoculating Influence of Re-Carburizers in Grey Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 23 (October 2007): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.23.287.

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In laboratory experiments Thermal Analysis data were recorded and different solidification parameters were identified to characterize the inoculation effect of the carbon materials (amorphous and crystalline structure) in low sulphur (<0.025 %S) grey cast iron. These parameters are linked to graphite morphology as well as chill formation in carburized cast irons. In low sulphur base iron the difference in inoculation efficiency between crystalline and amorphous carbon materials is limited. Secondary granular carbon materials, previously used as conductive or resistive media in electric graphitizing furnaces were found to be potential carbon raisers with visible inoculation effects in grey irons, especially those from a petroleum coke origin. A controlled presence of a low amount of SiC (2-3%) is effective, including low sulphur grey irons.

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Gołdyn, Michał, and Tadeusz Urban. "Failures of the Cast-Iron Columns of Historic Buildings—Case Studies." Infrastructures 5, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5090071.

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Selected technical problems related to the rehabilitation of cast-iron columns in structures from the turn of the 19th and 20th century are discussed in the paper. Lack of contemporary standard regulations related to the design of cast-iron structures is a significant problem in the design works and experimental investigations on cast-iron columns are frequently required. The paper presents results of the tests concerning principal properties of cast-iron—strength and deformability. The historical design principles are discussed in the light of the results of experimental investigations. As it was demonstrated, the actual load-carrying capacities of cast-iron columns may exceed by several times the values resulting from the 20th century design rules. The conservatism of the design principles resulted, however, from the material uncertainties—lack of homogeneity and hidden defects of the cast-iron. Selected examples of failures of cast-iron columns from 19th-century structures such as post-industrial buildings and engineering structures are discussed. They resulted from errors made during adaptation works. The reasons for these failures and considered methods of repairing the structures are presented.

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40

Osakue, Edward, Lucky Anetor, and Kendall Harris. "Pitting strength estimate for cast iron and copper alloy materials." FME Transactions 49, no. 2 (2021): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2102269o.

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An attempt is made to predict the pitting strength of cast iron and copper alloy materials from their compressive yield or compressive proof strength for a reliability of 99% at 107 load cycles. The compressive yield or compressive proof strength is related to the tensile strength of ductile cast iron and copper alloy materials by a proportionality factor. Two proportionality factors are used for brittle cast iron materials. The pitting strength formulation incorporates a nominal design factor at 99% reliability which is estimated from a probabilistic model based on the lognormal probability density function. Pitting strength estimates from the predictions are compared with those of American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) estimates and data from other sources. The predicted values for gray cast irons had variances in the range of -11.28% to 25%. Ductile cast iron pitting strength estimates deviated from those of AGMA by -30.28% to 1.73% and 16.76% to 36.34% for Austempered ductile irons. The variances obtained for cast bronze were from 11.17% and 14.73%, but the sample size was small. These variances appear to be reasonable due to the many factors that can influence pitting resistance. Since pitting strength data for many grades of cast iron and copper alloys are not available (especially in the public domain), they may be estimated by the expressions developed in this study for initial design sizing. Also, the pitting strength of new cast iron and copper alloy materials could likewise be estimated for initial design sizing. This will eliminate long and costly contact fatigue testing at the initial design phases, which of course is necessary for design validation.

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Kaleicheva, Julieta, Krasimir Kirov, Valentin Plamenov Mishev, and Zdravka Karaguiozova. "MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH CHROMIUM WHITE CAST IRONS ALLOYED WITH BORON." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 16, 2021): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol3.6656.

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The microstructure and mechanical properties of high chromium white cast iron with composition: 2,6÷3,4% C; 0,9÷1,1% Si; 0,8÷1,1% Mn; 1,0÷1,3% Mo; 12,3÷13,4% Cr, additionally doped with boron in an amount of 0,18% to 1,25% is investigated. The microstructure of six compositions of white cast irons is studied by means of an optical metallographic analysis - one without boron, and the others contain 0,18%; 0,23%; 0,59%; 0,96% and 1,25% boron. A test is performed to determine: hardness by the Rockwell method; microhardness; bending strength and impact toughness. It was found that at a boron content of 0,18%; 0,23% and 0,59%, the structure of white cast irons is subeutectic, with impact toughness in the range of 1,80÷1,52 J/cm2; with a boron content of 0,96%, the structure of white cast iron is close to the eutectic, with impact toughness 0,98 J/cm2 ; at a boron content of 1,25% the structure of white cast iron is supereutectic and the impact toughness decreases to 0,68 J/cm2. With a change in the boron content from 0,8% to 1,25%, the amount of carbide phase in the structure of white cast iron increases, which leads to an increase in hardness from 53 to 59 HRC. The highest bending strength (Rmi=660,85 MPa) was obtained in white cast irons with a boron content of 0,23%.

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Kaleicheva, Julieta, Valentin Mishev, and Manahil Tongov. "INVESTIGATION ON TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE CAST IRONS WITH NANOSIZED PARTICLES." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 20, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol3.4181.

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The work in this study is focused on investigation of the tribological behavior of ductile cast iron with nanosized particles: titanium nitride TiN; titanium nitride 30% + titanium carbonitride 70% (30%TiN+70%TiCN). The ductile cast iron composition is: Fe-3,55C-2,67Si-0,31Mn-0,009S-0,027P-0,040Cu-0,025Cr-0,08Ni-0,06Mg wt%. Before the addition to the melt nanosized particles were coated with nickel by the electroless nickel deposition method EFFTOMNICKEL .The nickel coating on the nanosized particles ensures their wetting in the melt as well as their uniform distribution into the cast. The optical and quantity metallographic observations and wear test are performed to study the influence of the nanoparticle additives on the cast iron tribological properties. It is observed that the quantity proportion changes between pearlite, ferrite and graphite phase in the cast iron structure. The graphite shape is retained the same, but the nanosized additives decrease the average diameter of the graphite spheres Dmid and increase the quantity of the graphite phase in the structure of ductile cast irons. The cast iron wear resistance in the presence of nanosized additives of (TiN+TiCN) and TiN increases to 55–69% in comparison to wear resistance of the cast iron without nanoparticles.

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Chisamera, Mihai, Iulian Riposan, Stelian Stan, Irina Anton, and Michael Barstow. "Effects of Iron Powder Addition on the Solidification Behaviour of Hypereutectic Grey Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.90.

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The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the solidification pattern of slightly hypereutectic grey irons (CE = 4.35 - 4.45%) after an addition of a commercial iron powder, and also in a double treatment with inoculation. Chill wedges with a 0.11 - 0.43 cm cooling modulus (CM), from using resin sand and metal moulds, were used along with different thermal analysis cups (CM = 0.75 and 0.43 cm). Relative clear/mottled/total chill measurement criteria were applied. Unfavourable Mn and S contents [(%Mn) x (%S) = 0.016] and a reduced Al residual (0.0015%) led to relatively high eutectic undercooling and chill in the base iron, especially at high cooling rates (CR). With the lower CM of cups, there was more undercooling in the entire solidification range and more difference between irons. Thermal analysis and chill parameter relationships are normal, except only for iron powder treatment and resin mould solidification, where chill is higher for a relatively lower undercooling. Conventional inoculation after addition of iron powder (double treatment) showed a strong graphitizing effect, as these irons had the lowest undercooling and chill levels, in all the irons tested. It reflects the improved properties of (Mn,X)S compounds as nucleation sites for graphite [10]. This paper is the first of two papers reporting on this study.

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Shaha, S. K., Mohammad M. Haque, and Ahsan Ali Khan. "Study on the Microstructure and Properties of Fe-C-Si and Fe-C-Al Cast Irons." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1933.

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Two types of cast irons with Fe-C-Si and Fe-C-Al. alloy systems were investigated in the present study. In order to modify the microstructure and properties of cast iron, Al was added to low silicon pig iron that is in Fe-C-Al (Sorel metal) alloy system. Its effect was then studied with comparing to normal Fe-C-Si alloy system. Both cast irons were produced in sand mould of suitable design to provide all information regarding the structure and properties. The microstructure was analyzed using optical microscope which showed the distribution of graphite flakes in pearlite or ferro-pearlite matrix. The size of the graphite flakes in Fe-C-Al system was smaller and more evenly distributed compared to the Fe-C-Si alloy system. The cast product was also characterized by using XRD. The maximum hardness of the Fe-C-Al alloy was measured as 110.2 HRB compared to 89.32 HRB of the conventional Fe-C-Si alloy system. The impact test results showed that Fe-C-Al cast iron has higher impact property than Fe-C-Si cast iron.

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Otsubo, Fumitaka, Kousuke Matsuki, Hidenori Era, and Hidenori Kuroki. "Columnar Ferrite Structure in Cast Iron Formed by Decarburization of White Cast Iron." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 59, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.f-m2018822.

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MAEDA, Taichi, and Masaki ARIGA. "Effects of Cast-Iron Microstructure on Wear between Wire Rope and Cast Iron." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2003.11 (2003): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2003.11.111.

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Liu, Yaxiong, Marcos Martinón-Torres, Jianjun Mei, Weigang Sun, Anding Shao, and Kunlong Chen. "Cast a different iron: Grey and mottled cast iron production in early China." Journal of Cultural Heritage 46 (November 2020): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.05.005.

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Grachev, V. A. "EFFECT OF ELECTRIC FIELD ON GAS CONTENT OF CAST IRON." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-3-246-251.

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The effect of electric field on the gas content of cast iron has been experimentally established on the basis of electrochemical studies in the system “liquid cast iron – slag – gas phase”. The author has carried out the studies aimed at obtaining cast iron sparingly alloyed with nickel, equal to Ni-resist cast iron in its mechanical and performance characteristics. For this purpose, austenitic cast irons melted in induction furnace with electrocorundum lining have been studied. Samples prepared from the obtained cast iron have been subjected to further treatment with electric field in order to research the influence of static electric field on fixation of atomic nitrogen in the alloy, and ultimately, on the structure of metal matrix. According to the experimental data, the effect can be enhanced by application of electric field. The application of negative charge to metal appears to be more effective, although, in case of anode metal, certain “capture” of nitrogen in cast iron also occurs. This may be explained by the fact that, at the initial moment of time, there is a stationary electric field between the movable (free) electrode and surface of the melt, where the charged particles are stationary in this reference frame, which is registered as no current by ampere-meters integrated in the circuit. The application of static electric field facilitates is capture of nitrogen in cast iron. According to further experiments, at 8 – 9 % of Ni, it is necessary to apply significant voltage for the manifestation of this influence. The studies have shown that the issue of stabilizing austenite with nitrogen in cast iron was not so simple, and, apparently, the influence of the field in case of the introduction of nitrided ferrochrome affected decomposition of nitrides, recharging of nitrogen ions, and non-equilibrium conditions of their diffusion and transition to gaseous phase. It was confirmed by a wide variation of the results of nitrogen analyses. Some samples have shown 0.04 – 0.05 % of N (with the introduction of nitrided ferrochrome, and a “minus” applied to metal), but most analyses have indicated considerably lower values. For foundry industry, electrochemical deoxidation of alloys that are difficult to deoxide by other methods, e.g. aluminum cast iron alloy, is of particular interest. Aluminum is an active element, which, in case of unfavorable arrangement of mass flows, is difficult to remove even using calcium. It leads to the emergence of Al2O3 inclusions in metal with the density close to melt, which complicates their coagulation and emersion. A double deoxidation has been tried. After the melt’s exposure lasted for 1 hour, its EMF has almost “returned” to its initial state (0.8 V). The subsequent deoxidation of melt for 15 minutes facilitated three-fold decrease in oxidation degree as compared to the initial one. Thus, the possibility of electrochemical deoxidation of iron-carbon melts and expediency of double deoxidation have been experimentally proved. As a result, the method of applying electric field in order to change the gas content of cast iron, as well as the method of practical application of electrochemical deoxidation of iron-carbon alloys have been suggested.

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Tsujikawa, Masato, Norikazu Matsumoto, Koji Nakamoto, and Yoshisada Michiura. "Pearlite Stabilisation by Copper on Ductile Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.151.

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In ductile cast irons with copper, cementite stability was investigated against an annealing heat treatment used to obtain a fully ferritic matrix. Copper controls cast-iron mechanical properties, but its role in the matrix microstructure formation remains unclear. Some reports suggest the copper layer around graphite or cementite. They can be barrier to carbon diffusion at eutectoid reaction, however it is difficult to understand the mechanism of pearlite stability by copper. To confirm the existence of the barrier and effect of copper addtion, ten 9-mm-thick spheroidal graphite cast iron castings were prepared with different copper contents of 0.16 wt% – 0.69 wt%. The samples’ as-cast microstructures included spheroidal graphite, ledeburite, and pearlite. The pearlite fraction degreases to about 10% by heat treatment for ordinary ductile irons without intentional copper addition. The samples’ copper content and the pearlite fraction after heat treatment are not linearly related. The retained pearlite increased suddenly with increased copper content greater than 0.4 wt%. However, even the sample with the highest copper content showed no precipitation of a copper solid solution around graphite nodule or cementite.

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Choe, Kyeong Hwan, Kyoung Mook Lim, Sang Mok Lee, and Kyong Whoan Lee. "The Effect of Vanadium and Chromium on the Precipitation of Carbide in Si-Mo Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.102.

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Carbide precipitation behavior in Si-Mo ferritic ductile cast iron was investigated as functions of vanadium and chromium contents. Vanadium addition promoted the precipitation of carbides both in ferrite grains and at its grain boundaries. Pearlite was found to form near the cell boundary next to the eutectic carbides in the as-cast chromium alloyed specimens, and was fully decomposed by an annealing heat treatment. Vanadium addition led to the formation of fine precipitates, prohibiting the ferrite growth, resulting in smaller ferrite grains. The precipitate phase at grain boundaries in vanadium alloyed specimens was identified as vanadium carbide (VC1-x) and the stoichiometry of the eutectic carbide was almost same as that in Si-Mo ferritic ductile cast iron except for a higher vanadium content. However, in the case of chromium alloyed specimen, the ratio of iron in the composition of eutectic carbide was higher than those of Si-Mo and Si-Mo-0.5V cast irons.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Iron cast'

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